Danger message in the forest. Forest dangers. What to do if you meet a dangerous animal in the forest

Autumn is a mushroom time, a time for hiking in the forests, drying mushrooms and spinning. In this article we will try to figure out how to make a trip to the country house and a trip to the forest safe.

Beginning with early spring the way of life of many citizens begins to approach nature. Let's remember this time when the sun was just beginning to warm up: walks and games with children in the fresh air for many were systematically replaced by the organization of country life, cleaning personal plot, gardening and planting seedlings. By the middle of June country life was already finally getting better, the beds were planted and gave the first crops of greens and radishes. Increasingly, along the suburban roads, villagers were meeting, diligently laying out their simple goods - fragrant wild strawberries and the first mushrooms. Just at this time, urban connoisseurs of the gifts of the forest also massively rushed to the lands, where danger often lay in wait for them. In autumn, trips to the forest become more frequent: the desire for winter mushroom supplies is combined with the need for natural antidepressants through contact with nature, because the autumn blues do not take long.

Danger in the forest

The first trouble any summer resident faces outside the city is ticks. The taiga tick (Ixodes persulcatus) and the dog tick (Ixodes ricinus) are carriers mortal danger the enemies of man. The habitat of the first of them is the Siberian forests and forests Far East. The dog tick is a resident of the predominantly European part of Russia, Central and Northern Europe. The main way to protect against a tick is a responsible approach to choosing clothes for the forest. Do not neglect the repellent.

Our pets also need protection - treatment with drops from ticks when leaving the city is mandatory for both dogs and cats. One of the most serious diseases, often leading to the death of an animal, is piroplasmosis.

Ticks are carried by birds and animals and can be found on trees and bushes. Especially a lot of them come across in the grass. Owners of summer cottages located near forest plantations need to keep the site clean and mow the grass regularly.

How to prepare for a hike in the woods

Beware of snakes!

In damp areas near swamps and streams, it is not uncommon to find vipers basking in the sun. Nevertheless, having noticed a motley inhabitant of the forest, you should not approach her even for the sake of a very good photo. It is necessary as carefully as possible, without provoking or frightening, to bypass it. aggressively minded poisonous snake warns a potential offender with a characteristic hiss and crackle. In this case, you should leave this area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe forest as soon as possible. Some irresponsible people try to kill the snake. It is precisely such senseless actions that most often lead to severe injuries. Connoisseurs of the forest understand that adequate behavior and strong high boots or rubber boots will easily protect against an accidental bite.

What to do if you get lost in the forest

People lost in the forest do not dare to admit to themselves that the most main danger comes from the guest of the forest himself. Poor awareness of the correct behavior in nature, ignorance of the terrain and lack of orientation skills most often lead to tragic consequences. Going out for a walk in the forest, people often overestimate their strength and health. Rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, together with activists of volunteer organizations, are looking for such "losses" for days. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to save a person. More often than others, pensioners and people with poor health fall into such situations. But vigilance and composure can save a life.
Before going out into nature, it is necessary to inform relatives or neighbors about your approximate route of movement and the estimated time of return, so that in the event of an emergency, people can raise the alarm in time and orient rescuers. It is important to bring a charged mobile phone, having prepared in advance a list of duty numbers of local special services. Many modern phones are equipped with a navigation system, which can be very useful. It is dangerous to take a mobile phone that requires charging into the forest; do not be too lazy to charge it in time to a full battery. For forest visitors middle lane, where it is not recommended to take water from open sources for drinking, be sure to have a bottle of clean non-carbonated water with you. A small chocolate bar or a hematogen familiar to everyone since childhood will not burden the burden, which will give strength and help cheer up at the first sign of fatigue. As well as a small knife and a pocket lighter
The basic first aid kit is made up of mandatory painkillers, antihistamines, heart medications, as well as a plaster, bandages and potassium permanganate, and then supplemented medicines focusing on individual needs. If you take a couple of tablets of each drug and pack hermetically, such a first-aid kit will take up very little space.

If you realize that you are lost, it is important to remember a few simple rules:

1. Stop the surging panic. Alas, no one is immune from such cases. But fear and panic can delay your stay in the forest belt for hours, or maybe days. This condition deprives the mind of the ability to think rationally.
2. Act carefully and slowly. In no case should you run in all directions at once. This will lead to large wanderings and injuries. Save your strength.
3. Stand in one place and calmly think about everything. You need to decide whether they will look for you, where you were seen in last time. If you don't know that your friends will go looking for you, it's better to stay where you are. it will be closest to the area where you were seen. Signal "Ay" with your voice. If you have a mobile phone, turn it off first to conserve battery. Think. who can you call to find you. If there is no connection or you are sure that no one will look for you, call emergency service 112. Tell us that you are lost and provide approximate landmarks. Speak clearly and concisely, describe what you see around you.
4. Take a break to dress yourself warmer. Light a fire if it's cold. In general, fire is one of the most important means of salvation and a signal of your whereabouts.
5. If you are sure that no one will look for you and you do not have a phone at your disposal, make a clear plan of action, trying not to change directions. Remember important rules orientation: the trees are covered with moss on the north side; south before noon can be found to the right of the sun, after noon - to the left. As you move, leave notches and other marks.

By following these simple rules, you can avoid dangerous consequences forest walk. For the most part, a city dweller who has turned away from the bustle of the city and rediscovers wild world(and also thinking about safety in advance!), A pleasant fatigue awaits after a forest hike, bringing a healthy sound sleep.

Summer is the time for picnics in nature and trips for mushrooms and berries. For a city child, a trip to the forest is both a holiday and an outlandish unknown. But such a campaign is fraught with not only a series interesting discoveries but also many unexpected dangers. And it doesn't matter that you go to the forest, where predatory animals and snakes were not seen. Unpleasant surprises can lie in wait for a baby even in a forest park.

Branches. Crazy from the abundance of space, the baby flies forward without understanding the road, and can stumble upon branches sticking out in all directions. If you only warn him about it once, he will definitely forget and, at best, get ripped off, but I don’t want to talk about the worst. Therefore, constantly remind him of this trouble.
Take wet wipes, cotton wool and hydrogen peroxide with you to the forest so that you can disinfect abrasions and cuts if they could not be avoided.

Pits. By themselves, they are not dangerous, but if you run around without looking under your feet, you can fall painfully. Warn the child that running in the forest is not allowed (and, of course, do not forget to remind him of this once again).

Not edible mushrooms and berries. Strictly speaking, everything that a child can find in the forest is inedible. Even if it is an ordinary strawberry. Before the baby puts it in his mouth, an adult needs to confirm the origin of this berry, and rinsing it with water will be useful. Keep in mind that children can call strawberries any berries, including wolf berries. So don't take their word for it. Honestly warn the kid that there are many poisonous plants, berries and mushrooms in the forest, and therefore, no matter how beautiful the fly agaric and the bush sprinkled with purple berries are, tearing and tasting anything is strictly prohibited.
Remember both your own safety and the example that you set for the children: if you doubt some kind of mushroom or berry, feel free to throw them out of the basket. And there is no need to convene a “council of experienced mushroom pickers” and lick the mushroom on the cut. The banal truth is ingenious: health is more expensive.

Insects (mosquitoes, ticks and Co.). When going to the forest, generously smear the child with mosquito repellent, put on cool, but closed clothes (t-shirts and shorts will not work), sneakers instead of sandals, and be sure to wear a hat. It is better for girls to collect their hair in a ponytail or pigtail and hide it under clothes. Explain to your child that ticks live on the branches of trees and shrubs, so if he shakes or tears these branches, the ticks will be on him. For the same reason, thickets of tall grass should be avoided.
When you return home, do not forget to inspect the body and clothes of the child, comb his hair. If a tick is still found, smear the bite with oil or a greasy cream and wait until it falls off on its own. If this does not happen, do not tear it off yourself, as this can only come out halfway, but contact the clinic.
In general, visiting a doctor is the most the best option in such a situation, as the child may need to be vaccinated.

Danger of getting lost. Well, what can I say? In no case do not lose sight of the child, because children, even in two pines, may well be lost. But if you get lost with your child in a really deep forest - do not panic. Try to get to the road, power lines or water (river, stream) and use them to get to the settlement. If this fails - place yourself in the parking lot, kindle a fire, use food and water sparingly and wait for rescue.
It’s bleak, but you have to be ready for anything, so when going to the forest even for a short time, dress warmer and take a knife, matches, a supply of water and some provisions with you.

Do not be afraid of the forest and scare a child with it, but we must not forget about the dangers that may lie in wait for you on such a vacation. Knowing certain rules of behavior in the forest, all these troubles can be completely avoided and you can get not problems from a walk, but such a rare and useful pleasure for an urban person.

Walk in the woods- it is always a joy from communicating with the world of wildlife, it causes a whole range of sensations and impressions, painted in spring-summer-autumn-winter colors. However, lovers of such trips must know: the forest is, first of all, the most complex complex of relationships between plants, animals, soils, sunlight and night darkness you, air and water.

man in the forest- a guest, and from the point of view of the forest inhabitants - an uninvited and uninvited guest, often not at all knowing the rules of behavior "away". Hence - accidents, emergencies, injuries, fears, legends and myths associated with both exaggeration and understatement of the danger that the forest is fraught with.

Animals living in the forest are a danger to humans. They are very diverse, but it is still possible to formulate several general patterns in their behavior:

1. Animals, especially birds and mammals, are significantly better than a man adapted to life in the forest. They have more advanced sense organs and are almost always the first to notice a person by smell and sound. Its smell for a wild animal is the strongest signal of danger.

2. One should not exaggerate the widespread opinion about the fearfulness of animals, especially large predators. For some of them, such as the bear and the tiger, a very common behavioral trait is curiosity, which can sometimes turn into unprovoked aggression.

3. Not people, but animals are in the forest on their territory, so they regard the appearance of a person as a typical “violation of the border”, “invasion” with all the ensuing consequences.

4. In the animal world, in contrast to human society, the concepts of "alien" and "enemy", "unknown" and "dangerous" often coincide, so it is at least naive to count on a friendly attitude on the part of forest dwellers.

5. Animals, to a greater extent than people, try to avoid danger: mobile animals go as far as possible from a person, inactive animals use various ways passive or active protection. forest animals- unsurpassed masters of disguise, they know how to use all sorts of shelters.

6. The behavior of many animals (especially large ungulates and carnivores) changes significantly during certain periods of their life cycle(reproduction, migration, etc.). Animals become much more aggressive, and the danger to humans increases dramatically.

7. Any species, even a widespread species, prefers certain habitats, and here the probability of an accidental meeting with animals of this species is higher.

Remember two fairly simple and accessible rules that will help you avoid many troubles. It is necessary to have an idea about the habits of animals and birds, plus be attentive and careful during forest walks.

Forest emergencies related to animals can be divided into two groups: an active attack by a potentially dangerous animal and accidents resulting from careless (or illiterate) handling of an animal, which in a normal situation is quite neutral towards a person.

In the main zone of settlement in Russia and Ukraine, situations of the first type are most often associated with large predatory and ungulate animals - a bear, a wolf, a tiger, a lynx, a leopard, an elk, a wild boar, a deer. Attacks that are not provoked by a person are quite rare. For example, a tiger attacks people for no reason in about 4% of all cases. Usually, the beast attacks: in self-defense, while hunting, being caught near prey, when a person carelessly invades its territory, during the mating season (the so-called rut; animals during this period are especially aggressive), protecting offspring, with persistent pursuit under -wound or just when chance meeting with a person, with sudden close eye-to-eye contact.

According to many experts, the most unpredictable large forest predator in terms of behavior is Brown bear. Most of the sudden encounters with this animal end in its swift flight. Nevertheless, cases of unprovoked attacks on a person in the European part of Russia are noted almost every year. Unexpectedly, "go out to the bear", as a rule, pickers of mushrooms, berries and tourists. Sometimes a bear shows aggression and may even chase a person, but then quickly stops the pursuit and runs away. However, much more serious incidents are also known, when the beast literally besieged the hunting lodge - sometimes for almost a week! - and did not let people out of there. Cases of aggression of a bear disturbed in a winter den are quite common. However, such “dates” are easy to avoid, knowing the favorite bearish places in given forest(the bears are quite conservative in choosing the territory for the den) and avoid them as far as possible. A significant danger is fraught with a meeting with a wolf, although this predator will almost always prefer to hide than attack. The well-known Canadian naturalist Farley Mowat remarkably described such a sudden meeting. “... We faced nose to nose. We were separated by some two meters ... We silently stared at each other. I don't know what was going on in his massive skull, but my head was filled with a swarm of unsettling thoughts. The amber eyes of a seasoned tundra wolf stared straight at me; apparently, he was heavier than me and, no doubt, had a much better command of unarmed combat techniques.

For several seconds neither of us moved, we continued to hypnotize each other with our eyes. The wolf broke the spell first. With a jump that would have done honor even to Russian dancers, he soared into the air and took to his heels ... "

IN last years experts note that people encounter wolves in the forest zone more often than before. Fans of forest walks, and especially long-distance routes, should be careful.

Perhaps the most serious danger is a sudden encounter with a wolf or a fox that is sick with rabies. Here the attack is almost guaranteed, and it is almost impossible to avoid it. A sick animal can be recognized by its "dumbass", its angry eyes, aggressive behavior, immediate, literally on the move, attack. The animal sometimes seems to spit; there is often foam in the corners of the mouth. These animals are dangerous even when they are already dying and, snarling, cannot move. In no case should you approach them - they may have time to bite, and then a long treatment will be necessary.

Animals with rabies are not found everywhere, and before going to the forest it would be useful to get information from the SES about the foci of the disease. In case of a bite, you should immediately consult a doctor, because only the correct and, most importantly, timely treatment started and carried out guarantees a complete recovery.

In recent years, due to the emergence of numerous holiday villages, another serious problem- feral dogs that stray in packs, often large. Animals are very aggressive, secretive and cunning (learned from humans). Meeting with a flock is extremely dangerous in the same cases as with other predators. If such dogs fell on you, we advise you to use a peculiar method of protection. Since many of these animals still remember communication with a person, a sharp and imperative shout “no!” often helps.

Wild ungulates common for Russian and Ukain forests- moose, wild boars, deer, roe deer - are much more shy and cautious than predators, and, as a rule, leave a person. However, during the mating season, these animals are characterized by increased excitability and aggressiveness and can pose a significant danger. There are cases when an elk kept a tree “under siege” for hours, on which an unlucky tourist or hunter escaped from an angry elk.

How to avoid an unwanted meeting with wild beast? Perhaps, the best way- Minimize the risk of collision. Refrain from traveling to areas where predator encounters are common; do not appear in the favorite habitats of dangerous animals. If you still went on a hiking trip, be extremely careful and careful, especially at night. The presence of predators or dangerous ungulates can be indicated by a variety of signs: footprints on the soil, crushed grass and undergrowth, peeled bark on trees, droppings, feeding places, and sometimes the remains of prey. Wolves, the first to smell a person, make specific sounds (snorting, howling, sonorous barking), warning other members of the pack, and especially young animals. Boars during the rut or feeding behave so noisily that it is not so difficult to notice them. Animal paths, impassable, overgrown with bushes and littered areas of the forest, windbreaks should be avoided. In such places, there is a high probability of meeting an animal, and besides, it is extremely inconvenient to retreat here. Going into the forest (best not alone), be sure to tell about where you are going to go and when you plan to return.

But what if an unpleasant date still happened? First of all, don't lose your presence of mind! Try not to panic. Experienced hunters it is believed that the animal feels when a person is afraid of him, your fear will only spur aggression, i.e., the instinct of an attack on a weaker opponent may work in the animal. No sudden movements and piercing screams - at least at the first moment, until you are sure that you can really scare the beast in this way, and not attract the beast. However, sometimes the scream actually confuses the animal and even turns it into a stampede. Stories are told about how a man, spreading his arms, ran screaming towards a bear, and he retreated in fear. However, not everyone is capable of such actions!

When meeting a bear or a tiger, you should not turn your back on the beast: he will regard such a pose as proof of your weakness. From danger, a person naturally tries to run away, but in this case, running away is good only if you are absolutely sure that you will reach a safer place (for example, a hunting lodge, a tree, a car, etc.) faster than a predator, and to do this in forest conditions is extremely difficult. It is almost impossible to run away from a bear or a tiger; besides, in all predators, the flight of the prey only warms up the desire to pursue it. Experts, as the best way out of the situation, are advised to freeze in place, and then as calmly as possible, backing away, retreat and, only having retired 10-15 meters, also slowly, sideways retreat. At these moments, it is very important not to provoke the predator to aggressive behavior by excessive courage or, on the contrary, cowardice, not to aggravate the situation, which at the very beginning is rather neutral than frankly dangerous. The experience of unexpected encounters with a tiger shows that in about 80% of cases the animal does not show aggression at the first moment, behaves “cognitively”, does not leave the person, but does not approach him either. A tiger can simply stand still and look in the direction of a stranger, and then retire with dignity.

Experienced people do not advise looking directly into the eyes of a predator for a long time, since such a look (and a person, numb with fear, usually stares at the animal) can be perceived as rivalry and will only spur aggression.

Retreating, you need to carefully monitor the facial expressions of the animal in order to predict its intentions. A bear, for example, has a good "indicator" of a relatively calm state - ears standing upright. If the ears are pressed to the head, the hair on the back of the neck stands on end, the beast shows its teeth, trembles, hunches a little, it means that it is really angry and ready to attack.

When you are faced with a large predator nose to nose, remember that there is some critical distance, under which the situation will still remain quite neutral and the beast will most likely not dare to attack first, but will only frighten. If the distance is less than critical, then the predator may feel cornered and go ahead, i.e., rush at the person. Therefore, suddenly finding yourself, for example, directly in front of a bear, move a few meters to the side, keeping a critical distance.

While in the forest, it is sometimes worth making your presence known (by voice or in another way), as if warning the animals and giving them the opportunity to leave. In general, if a person is not on the hunt, the most correct thing for him is to go noisily, speak loudly or hum. But here exclusively dangerous predator, a connecting rod bear, the sounds of a human voice can, on the contrary, attract.

Experienced hunters also talk about more "exotic" ways of behavior at critical moments of a meeting with a predator. This, for example, is the “persuasion” of the animal: the person began to talk affectionately about something and the calm intonation softened the aggressive tension of the animal. In some cases, objects thrown aside helped - a backpack, a hat, a sweater, food; they diverted the attention of the predator and gave time to retreat. Another way to reduce the aggression of the beast is to pretend to be dead, as some small animals do. It is recommended to fall on your side, if possible curl into a ball, reducing the surface of the body, and hide your head. It is likely that the beast will sniff, touch or even move you for a long time - you need to be prepared and endure for this.

To avoid direct contact with a predator, all methods are good, since an unprepared person has very few chances to emerge victorious in a fight with a tiger, wolf or bear. Meanwhile, experts note that hand-to-hand combat with a brown bear often ends in serious injuries than death on the spot, the beast is more likely to “remember”, but not kill. There were cases when hunters, having fallen into the “arms” of a bear, acted so decisively and courageously (any means were used, up to blows to a sensitive nose and bites!), That the beast retreated.

Nevertheless, let us remind you once again: there are no rules of conduct that would guarantee an unarmed person absolute safety when meeting with a large predator. Most importantly, try to avoid encountering wild animals.

Another type of emergencies is the careless handling of seemingly harmless forest dwellers. Unfortunately, such emergencies happen much more often than attacks by large animals, and the person himself is primarily to blame for them.

From this point of view, many forest animals can be considered as potentially dangerous. First of all, it is an extensive and diverse group of poisonous animals.

At certain circumstances danger is represented by arachnids and insects, especially those biting and stinging - beetles, ants, wasps, mosquitoes, flies, butterflies. These small mobile animals, almost imperceptible in dense grass or bushes, are able to penetrate the eyes, nose, mouth, ears, which can lead to serious injuries, especially in children. Halts and overnight stays on a hike should be done away from places of accumulation of social insects; We also advise you to carefully check the clothes. Explain to young children that it is strictly forbidden to take insects in your hands, and even more so in your mouth, since even the most “kind” beetle will always have means of protection - spines, “jaws”, an unpleasant smell, caustic substances, etc.

Despite large-scale preventive measures, there is a threat of infection with serious diseases, which can be carried by forest insects. First of all, flies should be mentioned here. They carry pathogenic microorganisms (causative agents of dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, diphtheria) on their lanks and proboscis. These insects are especially dangerous near forest dumps. A person is “owed” to ticks by such serious diseases as tick-borne encephalitis and piroplasmosis. No less dangerous are fleas (they carry plague and tularemia) and blood-sucking mosquitoes, which not only cause pain with bites, but also carry a number of pathogens. Perhaps the simplest and most accessible method of preventing the bites of these animals is a thorough examination of exposed areas of the body immediately after each visit to the forest, as well as the use of a wide arsenal modern means repelling insects. And of course - preventive vaccinations, thanks to which the frequency and severity of diseases has been significantly reduced.

Small and medium in size predatory mammals related to the mustelid family (badger, ermine, weasel, pine marten, black polecat, European mink, otter), are harmless only at first glance. Remember that mustelids are, although relatively small in size, but still the most real and very energetic predators capable of active and aggressive defense; when protecting the young, they are able to seriously bite. There are cases when a badger, disturbed in its hole, severely bit the hunting dogs and the hunters themselves, which they would never do first when they accidentally met a person. Some animals (for example, weasel, polecat, ermine) are not devoid of curiosity and willingly visit settlements, and in the forest they can approach the parking lot of tourists, especially at night.

It is not superfluous to recall once more about such an “iron” rule of behavior in the forest as a ban on destroying animal shelters - burrows, nests, etc. A person who violates this rule not only behaves unworthily towards our smaller brothers, but also exposes to grave danger own health and life, as in the face of loss own house or the death of offspring, the most peace-loving creature "goes wild".

In conditions of limited visibility, especially at night, any animal, even a harmless one, can be very frightening, especially a child, with a loud cry, a sudden sharp movement, or simply appearance(For example, non-venomous snakes). People sometimes had heart attacks from fright, when not only such a large bird like capercaillie, but even hazel grouse. The sharp and noisy takeoff of birds is nothing more than an active defense, designed to bring the predator into a state of shock for a moment. In the forest, with relative isolation, fright is much more difficult to bear and sometimes leads to severe stress, psychological trauma. Here you always need to be internally prepared for fear, for the fact that you can hear or see something “terrible”.

Study the habits of wild animals, then the fear of them will recede, and the forest dwellers will favorably accept you into their "company".

Those who love to travel and spend time actively in wild nature, especially in the forest, are obliged to know that the forest is, first of all, a complex set of relationships that have evolved over millennia between plants, animals, soil, sunlight and night haze, air and water. And man has always been a guest in the forest. With the advent of civilization, more and more moved away from the forest. Especially now, this difference is very noticeable. Many modern residents of megacities, except for nightclubs, expensive handbags, strawberry margaritas and pink smoothies, do not know real life, some (even I have such distant acquaintances) have never been in the forest at all in their lives. And of course they do not know how to behave in the prevailing difficult situations, being, for example, in the forest, and stumbling upon dangerous animals or insects. It can be assumed that such situations are very rare, but this does not make it easier for those who got into them.

From personal - when traveling to one of tropical countries, none of the participants of the excursion expected any emergencies, the route is "hackneyed", the jungle, although impassable in places, but there are trails on all sides a few kilometers away, it seems to get lost there is not realistic, where you don’t go in an hour you will go out on the road. But nevertheless, one couple of "urban fashionistas" turned off the main path for a minute and fought off the excursion group. We searched for them for about two hours ... When I saw them after returning, I realized how much people were not ready for such a turn of events. In these two hours they managed to meet a snake, it’s good that they noticed in time, they were bitten by mosquitoes and stumbled upon a hive of wild bees or wasps, got off with just a couple of bites. But wild bees and wasps guarding their hive can attack people and animals, even if they are not allergic to their bites, a few dozen bites can cause shock and even death.
A person in the forest is a guest, but from the point of view of forest, wild animals - an uninvited and uninvited guest, often not knowing the rules of behavior at all. From this arise accidents, emergencies, injuries, fears. Also legends and
myths associated with both exaggeration and downplaying the danger that the forest is fraught with.

Any wild animals living in the forest can pose a danger to humans. The types of dangerous animals are very diverse and their behavior is different when they meet a person, but nevertheless, several general patterns can be noted:

Wild animals, especially birds and mammals, are much better adapted to life in the forest than humans. They have more advanced sense organs and are almost always the first to notice a person by smell and sound. Its smell for a wild animal is a strong signal of danger.

One should not exaggerate the widespread opinion about the fearfulness of animals, especially large predators. For some of them, such as the bear and the tiger, a very common behavioral trait is curiosity, which can sometimes turn into unprovoked aggression. In most cases, they want to avoid "communication" with a person and, having sensed and heard you, they leave, but this does not mean that they are afraid of you. It is wild animals that are in the forest on their territory, so they regard the appearance of a person as a violation of the border with all the ensuing consequences. Yes, a predator can leave when he hears you, but only if he is not hungry, does not protect his territory and young. But on the contrary, the sounds of a human voice can attract an exceptionally dangerous predator, a connecting rod bear.

In the animal world, in contrast to human society, the concepts of "alien", "unknown", "dangerous" often coincide, so you should not count on a friendly attitude from the forest dwellers.

Wild animals, to a greater extent than people, try to avoid danger: mobile animals go as far as possible from a person, inactive ones use various methods of passive or active protection and disguise. forest animals
good masters of disguise, they know how to use all sorts of shelters.

The behavior of many wild animals (especially large ungulates and carnivores) changes significantly during certain periods of their life cycle (reproduction, migration, etc.). Animals become much more aggressive, and the danger to
person increases dramatically. For example, a shy elk during the breeding season becomes not so shy, but aggressive, and it is better not to stand in the way of such a one.

Any, even widespread species of wild animals prefer certain habitats, and here the probability of an accidental meeting with dangerous animals of this species is higher. In order not to become a victim of a deadly animal, and even an ordinary fox that has bitten you (foxes can be carriers of rabies), you need to remember two rules. It is necessary to have an idea about the habits of animals and birds, as well as to be attentive and careful when moving through the forest.

Forest emergencies involving dangerous animals can be divided into two groups: active attack - when dangerous beast, without a clear reason for a person, begins to actively attack accidents that occur as a result of careless or illiterate handling of an animal, which in a normal situation is quite neutral towards a person.

Dangerous animals of Russia and neighboring countries

In the main zone of settlement in Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, situations of the first type (active attack of an animal) are most often associated with large predatory and ungulate animals, bear, wolf, elk, wild boar, deer, and cats. Attacks that are not provoked by a person are quite rare. According to statistics, for example, a tiger rushes at people for no reason in about 4% of all cases. Usually, the animal attacks: in self-defense, during hunting, being caught near prey, when a person carelessly invades its territory, during the mating season (the so-called rut; animals during this period are especially aggressive), protecting offspring, with persistent pursuit of a wounded animal or just by chance meeting a person, by sudden close contact.

According to many experts, the most unpredictable large forest predator in terms of behavior is the brown bear. Most of the sudden encounters with this animal end in its swift flight. However, cases
unprovoked attacks on a person in the European part of Russia are noted almost annually. Unexpectedly "go out to the bear", as a rule, pickers of mushrooms, berries and tourists. Sometimes a bear shows aggression and may even chase a person, but then quickly stops the pursuit and runs away.

However, much more serious incidents are also known, when the beast besieged a hunting lodge for literally several days, not letting people out of there. Often there are cases of aggression of a bear disturbed in a winter den. However, this can be easily avoided by knowing the bear's favorite places in the forest and bypassing them as far as possible.

A serious danger for an unprepared person is fraught with a meeting with a wolf, although this predator will almost always prefer to hide than attack. In recent years, experts have noted that people encounter wolves in the forest zone more often than
earlier. Fans of forest walks, and especially long-distance routes, should be careful.

Perhaps the most serious danger is a sudden encounter with a wolf or a fox that is sick with rabies. Here the attack is almost guaranteed, and it is almost impossible to avoid it. A sick animal can be recognized by its angry eyes, sharply aggressive behavior, immediate, literally on the move, attack. The animal sometimes seems to spit; there is often foam in the corners of the mouth. These animals are dangerous even when they are already dying and, snarling, cannot move. In no case should you approach them, they may have time to bite, and then a long treatment will be necessary.

Animals with rabies are not found everywhere, and before going to the forest it would be useful to get information from the SES about the foci of the disease. In case of a bite, you should immediately consult a doctor, because only the correct and, most importantly, timely treatment started and carried out guarantees a complete recovery.

Regular for European forests wild ungulates, elks, wild boars, deer, roe deer are much more shy and cautious than predators, and, as a rule, leave people. However, during the mating season, these animals are characterized by increased excitability and aggressiveness and can pose a significant danger.

How to avoid meeting wild dangerous animals?

The best way to avoid dangerous animals is to avoid visiting their habitats. This does not mean that we should be afraid of the wolf and not go into the forest. Choosing a travel destination in advance, you can find out about dangerous places densely populated by predators and not go there. If you still went on a hiking trip, be extremely careful and careful, especially at night. The presence of predators or dangerous ungulates can be indicated by a variety of signs: footprints on the soil, crushed grass and undergrowth, peeled bark on trees, droppings from feeding places, and sometimes, remains of prey.
Wolves, the first to smell a person, make specific sounds (snorting, howling, sonorous barking), warning other members of the pack, and especially young animals.
Boars during the rut or feeding behave so noisily that it is quite easy to notice and hear them.
Animal paths, impassable, overgrown with bushes and littered areas of the forest, windbreaks should be avoided. In such places, there is a high probability of meeting an animal, and besides, it is extremely inconvenient to retreat here. Going to the forest
be sure to tell us where you are going to go and when you plan to return, because in addition to predators, you can just get lost in the forest.

What to do if you meet a dangerous animal in the forest?

First of all - don't panic! The beast feels when a person is afraid of him, your fear will only spur aggression, that is, the instinct of an attack on a weaker opponent may work in the animal. No sudden movements and piercing screams - at least at the first moment, until you are sure that you can really scare the animal in this way, and not attract it. However, sometimes the scream actually frightens the animal and even puts it to flight. But this is an extreme case and it is very unlikely that such a "ride" with a bear.

Your attention is invited to a lesson on the topic " forest hazards". On it we will consider what dangers can lie in wait for a person in the forest. This knowledge will be useful to you when you are going to rest in the forest, as it will allow you to find out which of the animals living there are dangerous, which plants should not be eaten.

Theme: Health and Safety

Lesson:forest hazards

Many people go to the forest to relax, because there you can pick mushrooms and berries, breathe fresh air and observe the life of animals. While in the forest, you need to follow certain rules.

Sometimes vipers can be found in a swamp or in a forest. They can be of different colors, but they always have a zigzag stripe on their back. Sometimes snakes are so dark that the stripe on their back is almost invisible. Distinguish harmless common grass snake from poisonous viper possible according to specific yellow spots on the head.

The viper prefers places where the ground is covered with moss, there are old stumps and heaps of brushwood lie. If not provoked, she does not attack people. The bite of a viper is very dangerous, especially for young children. If a person is bitten by a viper, you must immediately call 112 and report the incident.

Another danger in the forest is wasps. If a person accidentally or deliberately damaged a hornet's nest, angry wasps can sting him in any part of the body. The sting of the wasp does not get stuck in the body, like the sting of the bee, because the wasp can sting several times in a row. The wasp has poison near the sting, because of its impact, the stung place swells quickly and strongly, and wasps can sting small animals to death. If they are not disturbed, the wasps will not pay any attention to the person. The main thing is not to make any sudden movements, then even a wasp crawling on your arm will not sting.

You can see a lot in the forest different plants: some have beautiful foliage, others have a wonderful smell, others bloom beautifully. If a person does not know anything about a plant, in no case should it be touched, because it can be dangerous.

The raven eye is a beautiful plant. It has a tall stem, four leaves at the top and a single flower that turns into a blue berry in autumn. This plant is very poisonous, especially the berry and rhizome.

Another plant is wolf's bast. This shrub is sometimes confused with sea buckthorn. They can be distinguished by the fact that sea buckthorn has yellow or orange berries, while wolf's bast has red berries. If a person eats only 10 berries of a wolf's bast, fatal poisoning will occur. In no case should you tear the flowering branches of this plant for bouquets, because it has a very poisonous bark.

Rice. 7. Wolf bast inflorescence ()

Everyone knows the lily of the valley with beautiful white flowers.

This is also a poisonous plant, most often poisoning occurs with its berries. The person begins dizziness, nausea and even loss of consciousness.

Hemlock. Its stem is high, up to 1.5 meters, and at the top there are white umbrellas of flowers. The plant blooms for a long time - from May to the end of autumn. Sometimes it is confused with parsley because of similar leaves, or with cumin because of the similarity of fruits. Hemlock is a very poisonous plant, if a person is poisoned by it, it will be difficult to save him.

Rice. 10. Sosnovsky's hogweed ()

Sosnovsky's hogweed is a very tall plant; a person sitting on a horse can hardly reach its inflorescences. This plant is dangerous with its beautiful carved leaves, they can burn a person so that the scars remain for life.

Rice. 11 and 12. European spindle tree () ()

European euonymus is a small shrub, up to three meters tall, its flowers are inconspicuous, with an unpleasant odor, but in autumn the plant becomes very attractive - red boxes hang from the tree, which are very poisonous.

Belena is black. She has a thick, hairy stem, dark green leaves, in place of the flower appears a box with a lid, which contains seeds resembling poppy seeds. Children confuse them, and the plant is very poisonous. A person after poisoning may begin insanity, loss of memory, he begins to do unreasonable actions. Therefore, among the people there is even a saying about a person who behaves inappropriately: "I overate henbane."

Another danger in the forest is the tick. Ticks are intelligent creatures and know how to hunt. They ambush on the blades of grass and on the branches of the bushes that grow along the paths. As soon as a person or animal passes by, the tick stretches out its paws, clinging to the victim. On its paws, it has claws and suction cups, which allows the tick to hook firmly. No wonder there is a saying "clung like a tick." When a person goes to the forest, he must dress properly. Clothing should be with a tight-fitting collar and cuffs, trousers tucked into shoes, hair tucked under a hat or scarf. You can use special repellent sprays against insects. After walking through the woods, be sure to carefully examine the body. If a child finds a tick on the body, he should turn to adults, remove it carefully so as not to crush it. The saliva of the tick may contain an infection, so it is better to consult a doctor.

Mushrooms appear in the forest in summer and autumn. But in order to collect them, one must learn to distinguish edible mushrooms from poisonous ones.

Fly agaric red - found both in conifers and in deciduous forests from July to October.

Another species is the panther fly agaric. His hat is gray or brown. The dots on the hat are arranged in even rows.

There is a smelly fly agaric, its leg is covered with scales, and it smells unpleasant. These mushrooms are deadly poisonous.

False foam is sulfur-yellow - its plates are greenish, and the flesh is yellow with an unpleasant odor. This mushroom is deadly poisonous.

Rice. 20. Talker whitish ()

Whitish talker - deadly poisonous mushroom. It can be confused with a load, but the talker does not have milky juice.

deadly poisonous and death cap. She looks different: white, grayish, brown, but she always has white plates under her hat, white ring on a stalk and a torn pouch at the bottom of the mushroom. It can sometimes be confused with champignon, which has pink or purple plates, and there is no bag at the bottom of the leg.

When collecting edible mushrooms, do not shoot down those that remain in the forest. The forest needs everything that grows in it. Amanitas eat moose. Hogweed is a delicacy for a bear. poisonous plants people cure many diseases. In nature, everything is interconnected, and the extinction of some living beings entails the disappearance of others. Each person should live in such a way as not to harm nature, but to help it.

1. Pleshakov A.A. The world around us: textbook. and slave. tetra. for grade 2 early school - M .: Education, 2006.
2. Bursky O.V., Vakhrushev A.A., Rautian A.S. The world around.- Balass.
3. Vinogradova N.F. The world around us.- VENTANA-GRAF.

1. Survival Encyclopedia ().
   
2. Velotut.ru ().
   

1. Read p. 28 - 29 of the textbook Pleshakov A. A. "The world around us" and give answers to questions 1-3.
2. Draw some dangerous forest animals or plants, sign them and give a short description.
3. Having gathered according to all the rules, take a walk through the forest. After the walk, write down everything you saw. What new did you learn from practical research?
4. *Make a small crossword puzzle by encrypting in it several animals, plants, mushrooms, insects that can be dangerous to humans.