Waste sorting business, or how to turn waste into income. Optical-mechanical sorting of waste: prospects for use Equipment for sorting industrial waste

Waste sorting complex

Solid waste sorting lines allow the extraction of secondary raw materials, which is useful, for the purpose of its further processing and / or sale. This includes plastic, tin containers, cardboard, glass, metal, PET.

Waste sorting complex is designed for processing waste in large and small settlements. The production capacity of MSW sorting lines is 5,000 - 500,000 tons per year. In accordance with the needs of the customer, the number of sorted fractions and posts in such lines may vary. Operators carry out manual sorting, the number of posts depends on the volume of waste, it can be within 6 - 44 sorting posts or more - it all depends on the needs of a particular locality.

Automatic sorting uses high-tech equipment that allows optical scanning. The main stage of the sorting process may be preceded by a preliminary one. At this stage, the KGM is sorted, it can be installed specialized equipment to break packages.

The MSW waste sorting line makes it possible to separate all useful fractions, which are then pressed into briquettes using vertical and / or horizontal equipment. They can also be crushed by crushing plants, which allow you to get the necessary fraction and reduce the volume for transportation, it is also necessary to obtain RDF.

Garbage in modern world often re-used. Ballpoint pens, toilet paper, aluminum cans, glass wool - this is far from full list products that can be obtained as a result of recycling. The idea to do business on waste came to us from the USA, back in the 17th century, the first plant for the industrial processing of paper waste appeared near Philadelphia.

In Russia, this direction entrepreneurial activity is just starting to develop. Despite the fact that, according to Eurostat, we currently process an insignificant share of municipal waste- only 7% of the total volume, the rest goes to landfill; in recent years, a positive trend has emerged in the field of recycling. Many large manufacturing companies are showing interest in reusing plastic, paper, glass and metal materials. This circumstance, as well as low competition in the field and the availability of sources of raw materials, promise good opportunities for its successful development. In this article, we will talk about one of the ways to turn waste into income.

Opening of a waste sorting shop: project description

Formation of solid household waste(MSW) in significant quantities (about 40 million tons per year), the emergence of spontaneous unauthorized dumps, the lack of centralized state processing systems - all this served as objective prerequisites for the creation by the authorities of favorable conditions for the operation of private waste sorting and processing plants.

These projects are considered socially significant and are actively supported by regional and local authorities. In some subjects, tax incentives are applied to such enterprises, systems of preferential loans operate, their founders receive.

If we consider the entire technological chain of the processing industry, from the collection of solid waste to the distribution of finished materials, then waste sorting as a business seems to be one of the most interesting and profitable options. The reason is that not one, but all existing groups of recyclables get on the conveyor at once, and the opportunities for earning are not limited to a narrow direction.

The process itself is a selection of useful fractions (materials suitable for processing) from the total mass of MSW. The following types of material resources are formed at the output:

• waste paper;
• glass;
• ferrous and non-ferrous metal;
• film;
• plastic bottles;
• other plastic.

All this can either be profitably implemented (for example, 1 ton of PET bottles sorted by color costs an average of 3,000 rubles, 1 ton of waste paper - about 1,000 rubles), or put into your own business if you plan to engage not only sorting.

The lion's share of the costs in organizing such a business falls on the purchase of equipment. Most of the operating costs are spent on labor and transportation costs. Next, we will consider the stages of creating a waste sorting shop and try to calculate how much money will be needed to launch it.

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Location of the workshop and requirements for the premises

The first thing to do is to decide on the territory. It is advisable to locate such enterprises in close proximity to sources of raw materials, that is, to landfills. Another option is accommodation on the territory of the industrial zone or on the outskirts of the city.

When choosing a room for a workshop, it is important to take into account the fact that you will need a large storage facility for warehousing and temporary storage of solid waste. federal law“On Production and Consumption Waste”, as well as separate sanitary control documents, establish a number of requirements for such places. So, if the waste is stored in bulk on open area, then their surface must be protected from exposure precipitation. The surface of the site must have a chemically resistant coating, such as asphalt or expanded clay concrete.

The recommended area of ​​the waste sorting mini-factory is from 500 sq. m divided into a production area and a warehouse area. Convenient access roads are a must. The building must have serviceable electrical wiring, wall, floor and ceiling decoration must comply with the norms of sanitary legislation. In order to properly prepare the premises for work, it is worth contacting Rospotrebnadzor for clarification.

Paperwork

The next step is to get tax service business registration certificates. It is preferable to register a legal entity right away (more opportunities for further development).

A mandatory step is obtaining a license for waste treatment activities. The issuance of permits is carried out by Rosprirodnadzor. To become a licensee, you will need:

• prepare documentation for existing buildings, structures, equipment;
• conduct professional training of employees and issue work permits (in the form of certificates or certificates);
• obtain a positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of the waste sorting plant building with the established sanitary standards in Rospotrebnadzor;
• pay a state duty in the amount of 7,500 rubles;
• fill out an application for obtaining a license and contact the licensing authority.

The permit is issued for a period of 5 years. Once you receive it, you will be able to start the project.

Technical equipment

So, we got to one of the most important stages - the acquisition of a waste sorting line. The standard line consists of a loading hopper, a belt conveyor, a drum separator, a control system, storage tanks for non-recyclable waste and sorting compartments. Some manufacturers offer a magnetic separator, bag breaker, lighting and heating of sorter posts as options.

Garbage sorting equipment has a number of characteristics that are important to consider when choosing:

• tape speed;
• board height;
• power consumption;
• the number of posts and the distance between them;
• number of recycling containers, etc.

The cost of a finished line, depending on the configuration and performance, can range from 1,800,000 (about 20,000 tons per year) to 3,000,000 rubles. (up to 100,000 tons per year).

In addition to the sorting plant, you will need storage and handling equipment (container or forklift). It is also advisable to purchase a hydraulic baling press for further processing of certain types of secondary raw materials (waste paper, PET, aluminum cans) and a press for unused (non-recyclable) waste fractions.

IN total it will take at least 2,500,000 rubles to launch a small sorting complex. excluding the purchase of garbage trucks.

Wage-earners

Despite the fact that some foreign manufacturers today offer - automatic sorting equipment (using an optical scanner) - as shown Russian practice, only combined complexes that involve the use of manual labor can most effectively solve the problem of MSW separation.

To ensure the smooth operation of all sections, from 6 to 10 sorters, 2-3 loaders, an operator, 2-3 garbage truck drivers and a container truck driver will be needed.

Waste business profitability

To find out what is the possible net profit from the maintenance of the waste sorting station, we will be helped by the calculation of start-up and operating costs, as well as the forecast of income.

An approximate estimate of the main costs of opening (all amounts are indicated in rubles):

• purchase of equipment - from 2,500,000;
• transportation, installation and commissioning - about 50,000;
• arrangement of production buildings and storage warehouses - from 100,000;
• purchase of special equipment - from 1,000,000;
• registration of a company and obtaining a license - from 15,000;
• organizational expenses - from 30,000.

In total, according to the most conservative estimates, it will take about 3,700,000 rubles. This is without taking into account the costs of buying out production buildings and transfer stations, since sometimes it is more expedient not to purchase them, but to rent them.

Average monthly expenses (in rubles):

• rental payments - from 80,000;
• maintenance of equipment - from 10,000;
• transportation costs - from 100,000;
• wages - from 250,000;
• utility bills - about 25,000;
• taxes and contributions - from 100,000.

The total amount is 565,000 rubles.

That is, sorting an average of 1,600 tons of MSW per month, it is possible to sell approximately 560 tons of waste paper, 48 tons of plastic, 128 tons of glass and 64 tons of metal. Considering the average prices for recyclable materials (they will be different in each region), the possible income will be about 800,000, and the net profit will be about 235,000 rubles. Under such conditions, the initial investment will pay off quite quickly - in just a couple of years.

On April 28, journalists, bloggers and environmentalists will gather at the Gorky Central Park for the second "media subbotnik". More than 1,000 people are expected to attend this year's event to draw attention to the issue of waste sorting. Participants of the subbotnik will clean up last year's foliage, collect branches, garbage, clean lawns, put things in order in feeders for squirrels and birds, plant flowers, and also learn how to sort garbage for further processing.

During the sanitary cleaning of the city, the method of two-stage waste disposal to regional landfills using garbage transfer stations (SMS) is widely used. administrative district.

Today, in the capital, three technologies are used at urban SPMs: pressing into replaceable containers; reloading with pre-pressing from small garbage trucks to heavy trucks; pressing into high density briquettes.

Two-stage removal of solid waste using SPM allows you to: reduce the cost of transporting waste to landfills; reduce the number of collecting garbage trucks by reducing the shoulder for the removal of solid waste; reduce gross emissions harmful substances from vehicles engaged in the removal of waste; increase the life of landfills by burying briquetted waste; reduce the load on motorways of the city and the region.

Thermal disposal of solid waste

The main task of waste incineration plants is the environmentally safe thermal disposal of solid household waste with the generation of heat and electrical energy.

Garbage entering the plants is weighed and radiometrically controlled. Management of technological processes of waste incineration and flue gas cleaning is fully automated. The computer system allows you to manage not only technological process waste incineration and flue gas cleaning, but also to control their composition in the "on line" mode.

Gas cleaning systems ensure compliance with not only Russian, but also European standards for flue gas cleaning during waste incineration. High-quality slaked lime is used to neutralize pollutants from waste incineration Activated carbon, urea, etc. Similar gas cleaning systems have been repeatedly tested and proven to be reliable and highly efficient at European waste incinerators.

For example, at the Moscow waste incineration plant No. 4, before burning, all waste is sorted and prepared, while recyclable and non-combustible materials are separated, including paper, cardboard, plastic, glass, ferrous and non-ferrous metal scrap, large waste fractions are crushed.

Combustion is carried out in furnaces with a vortex fluidized bed of an inert material - quartz sand.

This method allows: to exclude the use of mechanical devices in the waste incineration zone; neutralize waste in a wide range of changes in their moisture content and ash content; achieve high specific heat loads with a uniform temperature distribution in the fluidized bed; provide a reduced content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases.

Thermal and electrical energy generated by municipal waste incineration fully meet the plant's own needs, and surplus electrical energy is supplied to the city networks.

Moscow solid waste is taken to landfills located in the Moscow region, but more than 60% of the 31 waste disposal sites that exist in the Moscow region have already exhausted their capabilities.

All waste entering the landfills is weighed and radiometrically controlled and registered.

In the construction of new and reclamation of spent pits, imported Bentofix insulating material with a high filtration coefficient is used.

During the disposal of waste, they are compacted and layered with soil. The increase in waste density is achieved by using imported compactors weighing from 27 to 45 tons, which can significantly increase the life of landfills.
After filling the pits to the design levels, they are reclaimed with planting grass and trees and shrubs.

To disinfect the wheels of vehicles leaving the landfill, a bath with a disinfectant solution is used. District sanitary authorities systematically carry out works on disinfestation and deratization of landfills, as well as monitoring the condition of the soil on the border of the sanitary protection zone.

Since 2005, the largest waste sorting station in Russia has been operating in the Kotlyakovo industrial zone of the Southern Administrative District of Moscow, which consists of four technological lines, equipped mainly with domestic equipment.

After weighing and passing the radiometric control, the garbage is unloaded in the receiving compartment and enters the drum screen through the belt conveyor, where the fine fraction is screened out and food waste. Paper, cardboard, plastic and glass are selected from the large fraction of waste in sorting booths. Through technological openings, secondary raw materials enter the storage compartments.

The waste remaining after sorting ("tails") is fed through a system of conveyors for pressing into high-density bales and transported by heavy trucks to a landfill for disposal.

Separate (selective) acceptance of secondary raw materials

The main goal of urban waste management is to organize the separate collection of production and consumption waste in order to extract useful components for reuse, so one of critical issues when dealing with waste, it remains to introduce a system of selective collection of solid waste.

According to the law of the capital "On production and consumption waste in Moscow" dated November 30, 2005, the authorities are obliged to establish in the city separate collection garbage. Article 7, paragraph 5 of the law defines: "Waste producers - subjects of economic and other activities in the implementation of waste management activities are obliged to ensure the separate collection, temporary storage of secondary material resources (metal, glass, textiles, waste paper, containers, packaging, polymeric materials, rubber , reagents, technical fluids and oils, household appliances and equipment, electrical and electronic equipment, electric batteries, mercury thermometers, products Agriculture and other types of secondary material resources).

At the same time, there is an administrative penalty for the lack of separate collection of waste. According to article 4.33. Code of the City of Moscow on administrative offenses city ​​of Moscow, failure to comply with this requirement entails the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount of 40 thousand rubles; for legal entities - 250 thousand rubles.

According to the head of the department of nature management and protection environment Anton Kulbachevsky, according to the environmental protection program, Muscovites should switch to separate waste collection in the next five years. As of August 2011, in 36 districts of Moscow (including Gagarinsky, Alekseevsky, Western and Eastern Degunino and others) about 3,000 containers for separate waste collection were installed next to ordinary metal ones. In 2010, only 17.5 thousand tons of waste were collected in these containers, and in total in 2010, Muscovites produced more than five million tons of household waste.

But for the majority of Muscovites, the possibility of separate collection of waste is not available. According to the city authorities, the introduction of a separate waste collection system should begin with an experiment in order to gradually develop a habit among people.

The head of the department, Kulbachevsky, said that a letter had been sent to the Moscow Committee for Architecture with a proposal that special rooms with tanks for storage should be created in new houses on each floor. There should be four or five trash cans, and the trash should be taken out daily.

According to Kulbachevsky, the transition to separate waste collection is a long process, because it will be difficult to get rid of the habit of Muscovites developed over the years to dump everything in one bag. For many developed countries, including Germany, this took decades.

international experience

Switzerland

Every resident of Switzerland is obliged to sort waste, regardless of social status is the law. Violators are heavily fined. The observance of the law is monitored by the garbage police, which is able to find and prosecute even a person who threw a cigarette butt out of a car window. Those who do not want to "get their hands dirty" must pay a tax so that a "specialist" takes care of their waste. Another direct duty of every law-abiding Swiss is to bring sorted garbage to the collection points, from where it is sent to processing plants.

The waste sorting system in Switzerland has been taken to the extreme. In the country, more than 90% of used glass containers end up in recycling plants.

On the streets of Geneva, metal containers for broken and non-standard bottles are placed, and the glass is sorted by color: white, green, brown, for this there are corresponding inscriptions on the containers.

Nearly a third of printed matter is also returned to recycling centers. Batteries containing reagents hazardous to living organisms are never thrown into the trash, like old ones. electrical devices, home appliances, construction garbage.
For example, "birdhouses" - small boxes - are placed around large stores and schools for used batteries.

Separately assembled PET bottles (plastic), lamps daylight, canned jars(their inhabitants are obliged to compress with the help of a home magnetic press).

Separate waste collection is also developed in the USA - it must be thrown into strictly defined containers. There is a system of penalties.

There are more than 550 waste recycling plants in the States - local residents It is proposed only to hand over recyclable waste. It is also possible to hand over household waste for a fee to commercial structures that sort, pack and sell waste to enterprises.

Some US states use a deposit system: when buying goods in containers (such as bottles) that can be recycled, the buyer pays a certain amount as a deposit. When he returns the bottle, he gets the money back.

In recent decades, the United States has begun to use new method Waste management - waste minimization: entrepreneurs produce more economical packaging, and consumers learn to reuse existing items. The program is called RRR - Reduce. reuse. Recycle (Reduce consumption. Use again. Recycle).

Germany

Germany also has a separate waste collection system. Each type of solid waste has its own barrel. Barrels should be located close to houses, but no further than 15 m from the roadway, in order to facilitate the work of scavengers.

Only residual garbage, old newspapers, magazines and cardboard boxes are carried into the gray barrel. Cans, bottles, plastic and paper, as well as partially metal packaging, on which there is a "green dot" are thrown into the yellow barrel. The green barrel is for organic waste that is composted.

Excess glass containers, which for some reason did not fall into the yellow barrel for packaging, must be placed in large containers, also located at several points in each district. Green, white and brown bottles are sorted on site.

Expired medicines are accepted by pharmacies. For old batteries, there are collection points in any supermarket. The removal of refrigerators must be agreed in advance.

Garbage collected in the city, depending on the distance between the collection point and the landfill, is delivered either directly to the landfill, or to a sorting center, or to a waste transfer station. Here, by means of a garbage receptacle for several tens of tons with a built-in hydraulic press, waste is reloaded into large (with a carrying capacity of 24-40 tons) auto containers. Thus, transport costs are reduced.

At the sorting centers, the collected packaging materials are manually sorted. Various types of household waste are recycled by the glass industry; paper recycling society; a society for the disposal of used packaging made of artificial materials, polymer films, cans, bottles, polystyrene; metallurgical industry; aluminum packaging recycling company, etc.

Sweden

The separate waste collection system is also in operation in Sweden. A family living in a detached house pays half the cost of waste disposal if they sign a commitment to sort plastic, tin, glass and paper, and compost organic waste. Hazardous waste is taken out in a special red container immediately before garbage collection.

IN apartment buildings garbage collection goes like this: everything is thrown into garbage containers, except for what is supposed to be carried in special containers for tin, plastic, etc. Hazardous waste is taken to special environmental stations, which can be located, for example, at a gas station. Green and red containers are placed at the station for accumulators and batteries, light blue for photochemicals, paint residues, aerosol cans, used engine oil, solvents and fluorescent lamps. Old newspapers are picked up once a week, put into bags and put out the door. In a number of places there are special "newspaper collections". Aluminum cans are returned to supermarkets, for which a deposit is paid there. Glass is thrown into special containers of white and green color, into which transparent and green glass is thrown, respectively.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

To recycle waste, it must first be sorted. In developed countries, there is a separate collection of waste, so its processing there is carried out efficiently and environmentally safe. In Russia, however, there is not yet such a developed system, in connection with this, in order to process mixed solid waste, they must be sorted at factories.

Waste sorting is one of the stages carried out before the direct processing of waste. In the process, components are selected from the collected mixed mass of MSW, i.e. segregate waste according to different characteristics different groups. Waste is sorted at waste sorting and waste processing plants using special equipment. The meaning of sorting is to highlight certain types waste from their mixture and send it in a convenient form for appropriate processing.

Often the term "waste sorting" is confused with the concept of "", but this is not the same thing. The second concept involves the separation of different types of waste materials at the collection stage. For this purpose, containers are installed different color, each of which is designed for specific waste (plastic, paper, glass, etc.).

How garbage is sorted

We will consider the process of sorting solid waste (MSW) using the example of the recently opened largest waste sorting plant in Russia (Tyumen). The technology of this enterprise includes the following stages:

1. The unseparated waste goes to the conveyor. In the first workshop, the separation of those types of debris that can disrupt the operation of the equipment is carried out manually: stones, metal, ceramic and other components.
2. Then the garbage is divided into parts depending on the diameter.
3. Further, the waste is sorted by materials: plastic, paper, etc. In compressed bales, they are sent to waste processing plants.

Waste sorting system for the kitchen

It is right if the separate collection of garbage begins to be done at home. For this, they can be used special devices– Waste sorting systems for washing. They are structures with several containers for different types of garbage.

Such systems are designed for kitchen cabinets and are installed under sinks. The structures can be retractable (on rails), there are also systems attached to the opening door of the cabinet. Such types of devices are also sold in which waste is collected through the neck in the sink. good systems are made from high-quality polymers that prevent the spread of an unpleasant smell of garbage in the apartment. Built-in sorting structures are not cheap.

Waste sorting in Russia

Recycling and sorting of waste in our country is poorly developed. Sorting garbage, or rather, its separate collection should be started near the sources of solid waste. Those. the Russians themselves must separate the different ones. To do this, you need to install special containers everywhere (for organic matter, plastic, paper, etc.).

In our country, for the time being, there are mostly ordinary garbage bins where mixed waste is dumped. In an unsorted form, they can be sent to processing enterprises, while the processing process is more costly (because pre-sorting is necessary), and the final product is of lower quality. For these reasons, mixed waste in Russia is most often thermally decomposed in incinerators or landfilled.

Waste sorting abroad

Much better sorting of MSW is carried out in European and other developed countries.

Germany

In Germany (as in most other European countries), the costs of sorting waste into processing plants minimized, tk. The Germans themselves conscientiously observe the rules of separate waste collection.

All residents of Germany have trash cans and bags in their apartments that contain different types of garbage. Separately collected waste is placed by the Germans in street containers of different colors. Then, utility workers also separate the waste from containers and deliver the sorted waste to plants for the disposal of specific types of waste.

A German resident who dumps garbage in the wrong place will be held accountable (usually in the form of fines). If the candy wrapper is deliberately thrown away not in the urn, but conditionally next to it, then the German will pay a fine of 35 euros.

Italy

Residents themselves also have to sort garbage in Italy (the law came into force relatively recently). IN major cities for this purpose, special tanks of different colors are installed. Residents of very small settlements dispose of various types of waste on a schedule. Dangerous and bulky waste Italians hand over to specialized points.

Waste is stored using special bags. For example, organic components disposed of in biodegradable bags. Fines are issued for non-compliance with the established requirements.

Czech

The Czech Republic also has a law (185/2001), according to which Czechs must properly dispose of waste. Waste sorting is carried out at home, then the differentiated waste is sent to tanks for separate collection.

Instead of ordinary trash cans on the streets of the Czech Republic

Japan

The rules for sorting garbage by the Japanese differ from similar principles in European countries. But the residents themselves also sort the waste.

Usually in Japan, all garbage is divided into 4 types. Waste can be non-combustible, combustible, recyclable and bulky. Different types of garbage are thrown away in different bags that differ in color and volume. Oversized scrap is marked with a special sticker. Separate collection of waste is regulated by persons working on the garbage truck.

Garbage is collected at a certain time, by which the Japanese put out their filled trash bags. They are transparent, so employees can check whether the sorting is done correctly. Bags with violations of the garbage truck will not be accepted. The violator will need to re-sort, otherwise they may be fined.

In developed countries, waste sorting is reduced to separate waste collection, because. the inhabitants of these states clearly comply with all requirements and are interested in preserving their ecology. Russia, on the other hand, has yet to go through a difficult path to achieve a well-functioning system for separate waste collection.

MSW sorting as a business

An actual business idea is to open a waste sorting plant, and the city authorities can help in its implementation. However, it should be borne in mind that this is a costly business associated with the design of a number of required documents, including a license for sorting household waste (if they have 1-4 hazard classes) may be required. Sample business plan on sorting waste can be found on the Internet.

Technical equipment

To sort garbage, you will need special equipment, which can be conditionally divided into types:

• having automatic or manual sorting:
• stationary and mobile;
• with road or rail.

Equipment can be European and domestic production. At the same time, the waste sorting complex includes:

• a platform for the arrival of special vehicles;
• weight platform;
• overpass for transport for unloading waste;
• main production facility;
• warehouses for the received recyclables and sites for its export.

Sorting lines

Consider the sorting line using the example of a waste sorting complex for 20 thousand tons of solid waste per year from the Netmus company. It consists of:

• chain conveyor, carrying out the supply of garbage from the pit to the platform;
• belt sorting conveyor;
• chain conveyor for supplying sorted waste to the press;
• a reversing belt conveyor that removes sorting tails;
• sorting platform;
• presses that reduce waste and form briquettes from recycled materials;
• magnetic separator;
• screens;
• automated control system.

Also, the complex can be equipped with package breakers, shredders, different types separators, PET bottle punchers, packaging machines, etc. To find out how much Netmus sorting equipment costs, you need to fill out a commercial offer form on the official website.

The cost of the lines depends on its performance, composition, etc. For example, the Chelyabinsk company SID Engineering sells the VtorTech-60 sorting line with a capacity of up to 60 thousand tons of solid waste per year for 3 million 490 thousand rubles.

Video

An overview of the equipment included in the waste sorting complex from the Netmus company and designed to process 50 thousand tons of solid waste annually is presented in this video:

Waste sorting is a laborious process, but necessary for obtaining recyclable materials and new products from it. It is more correct to sort garbage even at the stage of its collection. However, in our country, separate waste collection is associated with a number of problems, the main of which are the need for large financial investments and the education of a culture of waste separation in people.

By joint efforts, the population of the planet “produces” one Elbrus of garbage per year. If anyone has forgotten, then the height of this mountain is 5642 m.

If we don't start at urgently recycle and reuse most of the rubbish we create, we will soon poison our environment to the point of impossibility.

Moreover, the prospect of going out under the open sky with a nasal filter that softens the stench that is clearly felt in the air no longer seems surreal.

Why would a person sort garbage

metropolitan authorities and major cities forced to allocate huge amounts of money every year for the construction of new landfills requiring dozens square kilometers healthy and clean land that could be used for other purposes.

Old landfills remain, forming "ecocomplexes" that infect the air, water and earth with pathogenic species of life and substances unnatural for nature.

What are the fumes from PET packaging worth!