The easiest way to put poles on the fence. Installation of poles: special devices. Installation of large diameter poles

The erection of a fence around a site or a certain building is a procedure that suburban construction cannot do without. The quality, durability and decorative component of the fence are as important as for other buildings. During installation work, the question always arises: “Which is better: to concrete or hammer fence posts?”.

We will answer briefly - the choice of the method of fastening the pillars depends on the type of fence and the requirements for it.

Requirements for fence posts

In order not to repair the fence every year, it is necessary to ensure the durability of the pillars. They must freely withstand both the mass of spans of the fence and dynamic loads.

It is necessary to take into account the margin of safety so that the structure does not collapse from the action of wind, snowdrifts or animals.

Pillars should not spoil the overall picture of the fence. If they do not fit into the composition, then it is necessary to hide them from prying eyes.

Choice of installation technology

Soil characteristics are the main criterion that must be followed when choosing a technology for mounting pillars. High-quality installation of supports is possible when conducting geological surveys of the site for the depth of freezing and occurrence of groundwater.

It is not recommended to concrete pillars if there is heaving soil on the territory. Otherwise, they can be "brought out" in the spring. The volume of frozen land increases due to the water in it. This process is called soil heaving. The spring thaw leads to the fact that the earth thaws, and the water from it again turns into a liquid, and the soil sags. Soil thawing occurs unevenly - faster with south side, so the pillars sag unevenly. In addition, melt water washes the concrete base and leads to its destruction.

On hard soils, it is better to hammer posts, but for sandy or sandy-clay soils, concreting is recommended. Driving is positioned as a quick way to install the base, so it is advisable to use it for temporary fences.

Pillars for massive fences should always be concreted. Concreting technology has the following advantages:

• durability - on soils that are not subject to swelling, the fence can stand up to 50 years;
• anti-corrosion protection - concrete is not afraid of rust;
• high stability of the structure - the fence supports do not stagger in the ground.

Concreting is divided into full and partial.

Partial

The essence of this technology is that the support is installed in the ground and partially filled with cement. This is a good chance to save on the construction of the fence. It is applied to a stable soil and at small loadings.

There are 2 options for partial concreting:

For the first, a support is installed, and the lower part is rammed, as in normal butting. If the post is metal, then it is better to hammer it into the ground, and concrete the rest. This option is appropriate when installing supports for a corrugated fence.

This technology may require the installation of formwork so that the soil does not spread. This is the fastest way to install supports. However, on heavy soils that practically do not absorb moisture, the pillars can be skewed after winter.

In the second option, the lower part of the well is poured with concrete mixture to the depth of soil freezing, a support is installed, then the upper part is covered with gravel and rammed. This option minimizes the effect of buoyancy forces. This method is not without its drawbacks: during the initial pouring of the concrete mixture, it is more difficult to maintain the verticality of the support, and it will take up to 5 days for the concrete to “seize”.

Full concreting

It is economically justified if significant loads on the support are expected. Concreting on stable ground is the easiest. It involves the installation of a sand cushion up to 10 cm thick. Then the support is mounted, the formwork is hammered together around it. The well is filled with concrete. To prevent the appearance of bubbles, it is pierced with steel rods. Installation of spans is carried out only after 3 weeks, so that the concrete "ripened".

The supports, installed using the technology of full concreting, are resistant to temperature changes and are not afraid of precipitation. In this way, it is better to concrete massive fences in areas with sandy soil and groundwater.

If there is “problematic” soil on the site and there are no increased requirements for the fence, then it is better not to concrete, but to hammer the pillars into the ground.

To do this, a hole is drilled in the soil with a hand drill, the diameter of which is smaller than the installed support. Then you need to drive the post into the hole with a hammer or sledgehammer. The narrower and deeper the hole in the ground, the more securely the pole will be mounted.

Advantages of the method

Technology advantages:

• high installation speed;
• no need to purchase specialized equipment;
• protection of supports from heaving of the soil in places of moderate humidity;
• saving.

Flaws

In this way, it is worth installing poles only for light fences, which are not characterized by "sail". after winter or heavy rains supports can skew.

Other disadvantages of the technology of driving fence supports are:

• structural instability on peaty, swampy and sandy soil;
• deformation of the pillars when the soil is too dense or if there are large stones in it.

This method is suitable for the installation of wooden fences and chain-link fences.

It is impractical to hammer posts for fencing from corrugated board, as it is difficult to install them in one level. The result is an uneven fence. The method of driving into the ground in this case is justified if the corrugated board fence is temporary.

When deciding which is better, to concrete or drive fence posts into the ground, you need to analyze a large number of factors. This is the nature of the soil, and the material of the fence, and the type of terrain, etc. Sometimes it is worth spending more money on installing a fence and protecting yourself from problems on the ground. long years forward.

Installation of the fence on the site is associated with the installation of support pillars. They are fixed in two ways - they are simply hammered into the ground or concreted in pits. The choice of one of these options depends on the type of fence, the soil on the site, and the foresight of the site owners. It is believed that the easiest way to hammer the pillars is to prepare landing pits for them, as well as to spend building materials for subsequent concreting. It is this option for installing fences that is offered in most construction organizations. But isn't there a catch here? Let's try to understand this in more detail, using a side view.

Driving posts into the ground

The process of deepening the supports into the soil by driving consists in striking them with a manual sledgehammer or a special driving machine. It is recommended to use this installation method for the construction of light fences made from chain-link mesh or wooden picket fence. Before deepening into the soil, the lower parts of the supports should be coated with an anti-corrosion primer or bitumen. If they are not at hand, then the metal should at least be painted.

The process of mounting the driven support

Benefits of driving posts

Often the owner of the future fence simply does not want to bother with installing it for a long time, so he either drives the supports into the ground on his own, or invites a team of workers to do this work. This approach has its positive aspects:

• There is no need to equip holes for poles. Therefore, the installation of the fence takes less time.
• Low cost of work, as expenses for building materials such as cement, gravel, sand are excluded.
• If the soil on the site has normal humidity, and the groundwater is deep enough, then the clogged poles will fully cope with their tasks.
• No construction machinery or special equipment required. You can clog the supports with an ordinary tool or a device prepared for this.

Negative aspects of mounting pillars in a driving way

The temptation to inexpensively and quickly install a fence often turns into the need to remake it. The following reasons may contribute to this:

• With insufficient soil density, the pillars can “lead”. Especially if the fence has a high degree windage. They can simply warp, and then turn out of the ground. The greatest risk of fence skew exists on sandy, peaty and marshy soils.
• If the fence material is heavy enough, then under its own weight the entire structure can sag. This happens especially often in the spring, when there is still a lot of moisture in the soil.
• If there are large stones in the soil, it will be very difficult to hammer the supports. There is no guarantee that the pipe will not hit an obstacle in the soil.
• The poles themselves can be deformed as a result of blows to them.

The process of concreting supports

Installing a fence by concreting implies the following procedure. First, holes of sufficient depth are dug into which the pillars are buried. The holes are then filled with concrete. The recommended depth of the pits is one third of the length of the supports. In this case, you can not be afraid for the skew of the pillars as a result of heaving of the soil. However, preparing holes less than 60 cm deep is highly discouraged. For strength, gravel is added to the solution.

There are full and partial concreting:

1. When partially poured with a solution, the lower part of the pit is filled (by 20 cm), after which a pole is installed there. Next, the pit is backfilled with gravel, stones, rubble, broken bricks. On top of such a backfill, a layer of concrete solution 20 cm thick is again poured. There is a real saving of the solution. This method of pouring is preferable on weak soils, as well as in shallow groundwater.
2. In the process of complete concreting, a pillow of loose material with a thickness of about 10 cm is created at the bottom of the pit. It is better to use screenings or sand. Next, a support is installed in the pit. To hammer it into the ground or not depends on the material of the support. Metal pipes can be driven a little into the ground for reliability. The pit is filled with concrete. Poles installed by the method of full pouring are able to withstand maximum weight loads.

What are the benefits of concreting pillars?

• Such structures are durable. If the installation is done correctly, the life of the fence will exceed 50 years.
• Clogged supports are able to support the weight of the heaviest fence. For its manufacture, you can use concrete slabs, corrugated board, steel sheets, boards and other heavy materials.
• There is no need to drive the supports into the soil, risking damaging them.
• Concrete protects metal supports from corrosion better than paint, bitumen or primer.
• The supports are held in the soil very firmly. Attackers have no chance to pull them out without going deep into the soil.

Disadvantages of the concreting process

• If the soil in the area is heaving, then the pillars, together with pieces of concrete, can be turned out of the soil. This process occurs in winter, when the freezing moisture increases in volume. The risk of eversion is especially great in shallow pits, up to 60 cm deep.
• The process of installing such supports takes a lot of time. It is necessary to dig holes of the appropriate depth, prepare a concrete solution, install and level the pillars, fill the holes with mortar. All this may take several days, depending on the length of the future fence.
• The cost of manufacturing such a design is immeasurably higher than the driving version, because you need to purchase additional building materials.

To make a final decision about how best to install fence posts, concrete them or hammer them, several nuances should be taken into account. This is the mass and windage of the future fence, the impact on it external factors, soil structure at the construction site, as well as your financial capabilities. If there is no certainty in choosing one or another method of installing pillars, it is recommended to choose a more time-consuming, but reliable way. That is, install the pillars in the pits, and then concrete them.

Sooner or later, any owner of a suburban area faces the question of fencing their land. The fence performs not only a protective function, but also gives the site with buildings a finished look.

Naturally, the design of the fence must be strong so that it does not have to be corrected or completely rebuilt every year. The reliability of the construction primarily depends on the correct installation of the fence frame, the basis for which are the pillars that hold the entire structure.

Installation methods

Metal pipes used as supporting elements of the fence

Supports for fences are made of metal, brick, concrete. The most common option is metal poles, which are made of profiled pipes of different diameters and lengths. Metal elements do not require complex installation, and fence sections made of a wide variety of materials are easily attached to them.

The price of such pillars is very democratic, and the durability makes their use quite attractive.

To figure out how to score fence posts, you need to familiarize yourself with the existing methods and find out which one is the most suitable. Supports are installed in three ways: driving, concreting, backfilling. The simplest and most affordable is the method of conventional driving pipes into the ground.

Scoring techniques

Before starting work, you should outline where the pillars of the future fence will be. It should be noted that the distance between the supports should be 2-3 m.

Clogging is carried out according to three methods:

1. With the help of a sledgehammer.
2. Installation using the "grandmother".
3. Installation using a copra.

Regardless of the method of clogging, the following conditions must be observed:

• deepen the lower part into the ground by 1.2-1.4 m;
• you need to start the installation from the corner support elements, then pull the cord between them to set the height level of the subsequent supports;
• when hammering, try not to hit the top of the pipe too hard so that it does not go into the ground more than required and does not deform. Raising an overcrowded pole to the desired height will be much more difficult than hitting it again;
• before installing the supports, it is recommended that their part, which will be underground, be covered with bitumen or an anti-corrosion compound. You can also just paint.

The driving method is used to create lightweight structures. This can be a fence made of chain-link mesh, profiled sheet or picket fence. When installing a fence from a profiled sheet, it is also necessary to take into account the windage, and deepen the pipes by at least 1.5 m.

Driving with a sledgehammer

Low fences are installed on small poles (up to 1.5 m long). More often, a sledgehammer is used to equip such structures. For clogging, a wood gasket is used between the pipe and the sledgehammer. The person hammering the support in this way must be positioned over the top edge of the support in order to be able to swing and hit hard.

Reception, of course, is cheap, but at the same time laborious, requiring great physical effort. When using a sledgehammer, there is a risk of skewing the pillars, so it is recommended to perform these works in pairs. One holds the pipe vertically, the second clogs. Moreover, the verticality of the driven support elements should be checked with a level.

Installation using the "headstock"

"Grandma" for clogging pipes

"Grandma" is a simple home-made mechanism for driving pipes into the ground and is suitable for mounting support elements up to 3 m long. You can make the tool yourself:

1. Take a piece of pipe 1 m long. The diameter of the pipe must be greater than the diameter of the column. This is necessary so that the pipe is freely put on it.
2. Weld a metal circle on one end of the pipe, add additional weight (metal scraps, lead). The heavier the "grandmother" is, the easier it will hammer the post into the ground. The mass of the "grandmother" should be from 10 to 30 kg.
3. The mechanism is weighted with the help of a metal circle, welded not to the very end of the pipe, but indented a few centimeters inward. The resulting container is filled with molten lead.
4. For the convenience of the process, two metal handles about 1.5 m long must be welded to the pipe on the edge opposite from the weighting.

The pillar is installed in a predetermined place, a headstock is put on it. The mechanism is lifted by the handles by half a meter and lowered with force. The pipe slides along the post and, due to the weighting, quickly drives the support into the ground.

For greater convenience and ease of work, you can install a tripod, on which it clings with a strong rope or chain and a “headstock” block (a hook is welded on the “headstock” for this purpose). For driving, they pull on the free edge of the chain or rope, raising the “headstock”, and then release it.

Due to the fact that the post is located inside the "headstock" pipe, the accuracy of striking is increased and the possibility of the support deviation from the vertical line is significantly reduced.

Installation using a copra

A more expensive, but reliable way to install support elements is to use technology. But it may not suit every owner of the site, since there is not always the possibility of a free check-in of equipment.

A pile driver is a special construction equipment that can set posts into the ground and pull them out. It is used in the installation and dismantling of fences. It is manual, self-propelled and non-self-propelled. With the help of a copra, you can install and dismantle any fence in a short time.

Pros and cons of the driving method

The fence can be installed in this way independently in a relatively short time and for little money due to the fact that:

• no need to dig holes for the installation of supports;
• the cost of the structure is reduced, since there is no need to buy materials for concreting pillars;
• installation does not require the use of complex machinery and equipment.

Therefore, if the groundwater runs deep enough and there is no risk of loosening the support due to ground movement, a fence with posts driven into the ground will be quite stable and durable.

When installing a fence with a driving method, it should be borne in mind that:

1. If the soil is not dense enough, the poles can warp. The situation is aggravated by increased windage. Therefore, before deciding on the method of installing supports, everything should be carefully calculated.
2. Only light fences are mounted in a driving way. If the weight of the fence is high enough, then the whole structure may shrink.
3. Pillars are driven only into finely stony soil in order to prevent the pipe from hitting an obstacle in the form of a large stone.
4. On impact, the upper part of the support may be deformed.

If the site owner decides to install fence posts using the driving method, he must clearly determine the type of soil on the site and calculate the windage, as this affects the recommended depth and installation method of the posts.

Supports for the construction of fences can be metal, concrete, wood, brick,. Anyone can make such pillars with their own hands. Their installation is not particularly difficult and even amateurs can do it. Proper installation of fence posts implies a sequence in the stages of work and compliance with the required technologies.

Installation process of concrete fence posts

Functions of fence posts

The fence is built for many years of operation. The more correctly it is made, the longer it will last. For this reason, installation should be treated with no less responsibility than, for example, building a house. Most fences are structures consisting of supports, foundations, sectional filling.

Diagram of a brick fence

Those who think about how to install fence posts with their own hands should understand that it is this part of the structure that bears the main load. The stability of the supports provides the entire fence with the necessary rigidity, durability and preservation of its original appearance. Competent implementation of installation work will determine the quality factor of the structure and will allow you to do without repairing the fence for many decades.

When installing pillars with your own hands, you need to understand that the depth of the holes for the pillars and the method of fixing the piles have a huge impact on the level of load resistance. It is these parameters that are responsible for the safety of the vertical fence.

Supports can be made both from the sections used in the design, and from any other material. In this matter, the main role is played by the design ideas and preferences of the owners.

Fence building mistakes

Most often, the following mistakes are made during the construction of fences:

Installation drawing of wooden poles for the fence

• Incorrectly selected foundation;
• Incorrectly made foundation;
• Incorrectly installed poles (just buried in the ground).

Mistakes made on and pillars lead to the collapse of supports and the collapse of the fence after five years of operation. Those who decide to build a fence on the site with their own hands need to pay special attention to the arrangement of these elements (supports).
Since there are many types of fences, different poles are selected for them. They also differ in the installation method. The type of foundation and supports should be chosen based on the type of fence and the building materials used in its construction.

Types of pillars

Support pillars are made from a variety of building materials. This allows you to build such a fence with your own hands, which will be in perfect harmony with the architecture of outbuildings and landscape design of the territory.

The process of installing metal fence posts

The choice of one or another option depends on the individual taste of the owners of the site, as well as on their financial opportunities. Today on sale you can buy inexpensive ready-made fence posts, made with high quality and using modern technologies.
The most popular types of fence posts:

Pole Mounting Methods

Do-it-yourself installation of support pillars should be done taking into account the type of soil. So, for example, if the soil is non-porous, sandy, then it is best to use. To do this, a post is inserted into the hole, which is leveled and fixed with concrete. For heaving soils, this method is not recommended, since over time the soil is able to push the post out of the hole, which will cause the fence to deform.

Heaving soils suggest the installation of a support in a hole dug below the freezing level of the soil.

Scheme for installing pillars in heaving soils

They additionally arrange an extension. In this case, the pillar is almost half dug into the ground, while a lot of concrete mortar, building materials and labor costs are consumed. This option is one of the most effective, but uneconomical.

The installation of pillars by concreting is not used for sandy soils. In this case, the holes are made according to the diameter of the pipes themselves by drilling holes. But drilling vertical wells requires experience. A universal mounting method can be called the installation of pillars in holes larger in diameter than the supports themselves. The remaining empty space is covered with small gravel and chipped bricks. This option will provide the structure with good drainage.

Do-it-yourself concrete poles

The most economical are those made by hand.

The process of pouring a figured column of concrete

The main characteristics of such products:

• Reliable and durable;
• Do not rot, do not rust;
• Do not require maintenance;
• Resistant to mechanical damage;
• Not affected by the weather.

Making concrete pillars at home requires special molds, concrete mix and a place to dry. can be made of polyurethane, metal or fiberglass. The prepared fresh solution is simply poured into such a template and kept in it until it solidifies.

Before pouring the freshly prepared mixture into the mold, it is treated with a special lubricant. The associated reinforcement is evenly placed over the entire area of ​​the template. Special Inserts, which will later be used as fastening sections, are installed in the lower and upper parts of the column at the same distance from the edge. The solution is poured into the prepared form in one step.
It must be carefully leveled and compacted. In seven days the pillar will be ready.

Wooden poles

They are also an economical option. Most often, such supports are made for. They can last several years, but require constant care. The benefits of these pillars include:

• Ecological cleanliness;
• Combination with lumber panels;
• Mechanical reliability.

Those who are thinking about how to install wooden fence posts should start by choosing the right type of wood. Preference should be given to oak, pine and larch beams. They should be well dried without bark. Optimal Humidity such lumber - not more than 15%. A good bar does not have knots, delaminations and traces of mold. If the bars are bent or scrolled, it means that they were not dried properly.

Detailed installation scheme for wooden fence posts

If there are areas with bark on the material, then, most likely, insects have already found refuge there. All material should be treated with antiseptic impregnations and means that make them resistant to fire.
Installation steps:

1. The lower part of each wooden post is fired and smeared with resin. So, if the beam has a height of about 270 cm, then at least 90 cm from its lower edge is subjected to such processing.
2. Installation begins with marking the territory of the future fence. Places of installation of columns are marked with the necessary interval.
3. With the help of a drill, holes are made, about one meter deep. Pillars are installed in them, which are fixed by backfilling or concreting.

It is important to remember that the insufficient depth of the holes can cause the collapse of the fence.

The lower part of the supports should be treated with a primer with an anti-corrosion effect. First, the poles are installed at the corners of the fence (at the corners).

An example of the processing and installation of metal profile posts

Then it is necessary to mount additional supports, for example, in places of height differences (on steps). Differences up to 25 cm can be safely ignored. After installing the corner and additional supports, the intermediate supports are fixed. On average, the step of the intermediate column is about 250 cm, but not more than 300 cm.

Before installing the support, 15 cm of fine gravel are poured into the pit. In order for the supports to stand level, they must be checked for level and supported with props. You also need to constantly check with the readings of the plumb line, which will help determine the verticality of the supports. A number of poles are checked for verticality with a stretched rope. After fixing the metal poles, concrete is poured into the pit.