Depending on the type of raw materials consumed and the output of wood products, woodworking enterprises and industries are grouped into four groups: sawmill production, production of glued, laminated wood and wood-based laminated plastic, steel and furniture production and production for the processing of waste and non-commercial wood.

At the sawmill, from round timber - whips, logs and logs, wood semi-finished products (boards, bars, rough blanks, etc.) are obtained.

The main products of industries manufacturing glued and fibreboard plastics, as well as semi-finished products: veneer, plywood, plywood boards, wood laminates, plywood pipes, glued blanks.

The group of carpentry and furniture industries includes the production of building parts and assemblies, furniture, wooden musical instruments, wooden ships, parts and products for the equipment of motor ships, railway cars, motor vehicles, sports equipment, etc.

Waste and non-commercial wood processing industries produce various wood-based panels (chipboard, wood-fibre, fiber cement), wood flour, etc.

Modern woodworking enterprises with complex processing of raw materials and materials in accordance with the stages of the technological process have a number of workshops. The main ones are: sawmills, cutting (preparation), drying, machine (or machine), assembly or finishing. Some enterprises may have other workshops: plywood, chipboard, fiberboard, carpentry, etc.

In addition to workshops, woodworking industries have warehouses for raw materials, intermediate warehouses, warehouses for finished products and a number of service or auxiliary shops (boiler room, mechanical repair shops, etc.).

The buildings of the sawmill shop are in many cases combustible, one-story, non-attic, with a basement or semi-basement. The area of ​​the building depends on the number of sawmills installed in the workshop and can be of considerable size. In the basement, semi-basement, crushing machines, bunkers and conveyors are installed to collect and remove wood waste obtained from roundwood sawing. The sawmill is connected with the round timber warehouse, the boiler house and the sorting area by means of overpasses and conveyors; with the help of a ventilation (exhaust) system - with cyclones, bunkers, sawdust storage places. Overpasses are combustible structures on supports in the form of open areas or covered galleries with conveyor devices. The ventilation system is designed to remove sawdust and other small waste; consists of steel pipes, fans with motors and cyclones. The length of steel pipes can reach several hundred meters. The speed of air movement in the pipes reaches 20 m/s.

Sorting rooms are usually placed under a combustible canopy of considerable size.

Wood drying is carried out in special chambers. Drying chambers are built of non-combustible materials and are windowless rooms with one or two doorways. Feed lumber without windows with one or door openings. Feeding lumber into the chambers is carried out on open platforms-trolleys. Drying chambers must be equipped with fixed fire extinguishing installations.

The main and auxiliary workshops of woodworking industries and warehouses are located mainly in one- and two-story buildings of varying degrees of fire resistance.

The height of one-story production workshops and closed warehouses with a crane reaches 10-15 m, in multi-storey ones the floor height is 4.8-6 m. Woodworking workshops have an extensive network of ventilation and dust extraction installations, which can serve as one of the reasons for the rapid spread of fire.

In assembly and finishing shops, the danger is increased by the presence of glue machines, in the finishing shop - by the use of lacquers and paints, flammable liquids (acetone, benzene, methyl alcohol, etc.) as solvents, and in the drying - heating devices.

At modern furniture assembly plants, new materials are used in significant volumes: films based on resin-impregnated papers, paper-laminated plastics, polymer films, plastics, high-impact polystyrene, high-density and strength polyethylene, polypropylene, expanded polystyrene, rigid polyurethane foam, etc. Many of These materials burn well, and during combustion they emit toxic products, which can significantly complicate the situation in a fire.

When processing and grinding dry and hard wood, a lot of wood dust is released on the machines, which, due to the malfunctioning of the aspiration systems, passes into a suspended state, and then settles on the building structures and process equipment. Wood dust of fine fraction (up to 100 microns) can form explosive mixtures with air, LEL - 12 - 25 g / m 3.

Many workshops and areas are under one roof.

The water supply of such enterprises is the economic and fire-fighting water supply, in the workshops - fire hydrants, sprinkler and deluge systems. In addition, production facilities can be used to extinguish fires. water basins, fire reservoirs and natural water sources, near which woodworking enterprises are located.

In our country, processing wood waste, in principle, has always been considered a profitable occupation. However, this market niche is not yet filled. Considering all known methods of processing: bark, wood chips, sawdust and other wood residues, only 50% of this material is used in Russia, and in some regions of Siberia, the exploitation of recycled wood reaches only 35%. Wood waste processing as a business is a promising undertaking, since sawmilling, woodworking and logging waste is not yet used even by half. This means that there is a huge amount of source material.

Areas of use of wood waste

The use of wood waste has a wide scope, they are used to create:

• gypsum sheets;
• bricks;
• chipboard and chipboard-cement boards;
• they are also included in the production chain at hydrolysis plants.

IN Lately The creation of wood fuel briquettes used for space heating is actively gaining popularity. In addition, sawdust processing as a business is widely applicable in the production of cardboard and paper in pulp and paper mills.

General requirements for waste treatment

Before the waste treatment process, they are sorted by wood species, subjected to cutting, hydrothermal treatment and elimination of rotten fragments. Mechanical crushing is carried out using special machines with toothed discs. To facilitate the grinding process and reduce the load on the drive, hardwoods are subjected to steam treatment.

Note! Wood waste processing as a business must necessarily include the elimination of harmful components from wood; for this, it is necessary to consider the process of processing chips with salt solutions.

Depending on the area of ​​industrial waste processing, the list of required equipment may vary, but this list includes all the main mechanical components and machines, without which sawdust processing as a business cannot exist:

• Press forms;
• drying chamber;
• gas generator;
• wood splitters;
• chipper unit;
• mixing station;
• screw conveyor of processed raw materials;
• charcoal burning high-temperature furnaces;
• Remote Control;
• storage bin.

Determination of business orientation: briquetting

As mentioned above, recycled wood waste is applicable in many areas of industry, but after analyzing the fuel market, we can conclude that wood briquettes are in good demand and will bring more profit than other methods of selling such recycled materials. Briquettes have a calorific value close to that of coal:

In addition, the increased demand for wood briquettes is justified by the minimum presence of a combustion product (ash) and CO2 emission, which makes it possible to reach even the “European plane”, where the fight against pollution is encouraged. environment. Recycling wood waste as a business and creating products for heating premises and structures will significantly increase profits and shorten the payback period for invested funds. That is why in this material we want to focus on this technology.

How much money will be needed

We immediately warn you that large investments will be required to organize a sawdust processing enterprise as a business. These include the following costs:

• creation of general ventilation - $ 800;
• power supply - $ 1800;
• lighting - $ 500;
• fire alarm and fire extinguishing system - $ 2100;
• operational packing and warehousing - $ 1,700;
• technological system of ventilation and air ducts - $ 4,500;
• creation of working and living conditions for workers - $2,500;
• machine for packing briquettes of 12 pcs. -1000 $;
• commissioning - $ 10,000;
• salary - $ 6,000 (3 teams of 4 people each);
• consumables (tie band, auger nozzle) - $ 2000;
• production costs - $ 7100;
• the cost of equipment for the production of briquettes - $ 110,000;

Total - $ 150,000.

Refund

Sawdust processing as a business and the creation of wood briquettes implies the following return on investment plan:

• productivity - 0.5 t / h;
• work per day - 20 hours;
• the cost of 1 ton of wood briquettes is $115.

Income per month: 0.5 t * 20 h * 30 d * 115 $ = 34.5 thousand $.

Monthly cost: consumables + manufacturing costs = $2000 + $7100 = $9100.

Net profit per month: 60,000 - 9,100 = $ 25,400.

The payback period for the investment in the processing of wood waste as a business will be:

150000/25400 - approximately 6 months, which is very fast for a private business on such a scale. In addition, the high quality of products and the availability of relevant certificates will allow exporting wood briquettes abroad.

Conclusion

The production of fuel briquettes in the processing of sawdust as a business is not the cheapest way to generate income, but if you manage to organize it, then the profit will be tangible. Moreover, the gradual expansion of business will allow entering the international market. Sawdust processing as a business is suitable for experienced entrepreneurs and is not acceptable for a novice businessman.

* Calculations use average data for Russia

Starting investments:

from 200 000 ₽

Required area:

Today, carpentry workshops are becoming a rarity, so before starting your own business in this direction, you should seriously think about what products you can offer the market.

A carpentry workshop is a business that can become not only your hobby or means of earning money, but also a vocation. The very thing that brings both material and spiritual satisfaction, at the same time pleasing the soul and pocket. But for such a happy combination, you will have to try very, very hard. In this article, we will not talk about creating a large carpentry shop, but we will limit ourselves to topical tips for opening a small workshop at home “for one” with the prospect of turning self-employment into something more.

Pros and cons of carpentry as a business

The first thing to start with in the carpentry business is the presence of hands and the desire to create something with these hands. People who are going to open a carpentry workshop, and even more so, make money on it, should focus on improving skills. But before seriously embarking on the issues of arranging the premises and equipping it with equipment, you need at least in general terms deal with the current market situation. Approaching carpentry as a business differs from approaching it as a hobby in three ways. This is a rational and deeply thought-out approach to the choice of specialization, the quality of work and methods of promotion.

The first thing to start with is the question of what exactly you will produce. Wood is a material with an endless number of uses. To get started, look at what small carpentry shops specialize in today, that is, your future competitors, and how they are doing.

Regarding the choice of assortment, carpentry workshops usually have two options: broad specialization or narrow specialization. In the first case, the emphasis is on quantity (more customers, more assortment, more choice), in the second - on quality (narrow assortment, high quality performance, narrow audience). In other words, if you learn how to create many different products with wood, you will be able to offer them to more people, and by focusing on one or two products, it will be easier for you to improve your skills and create exclusive products.

What goods can carpentry workshops produce:

doors/windows. The most obvious solution for a carpentry shop is to create doors and window units that everyone needs and earn extra money by installing them. The problem is that doors and windows have long been actively “stamped” by large manufacturers, and the market today is very saturated. In most cases, it is useless to compete with carpentry factories. The price for these products will still be cheaper, and it has become difficult to surprise the customer with anything.






stairs. Stairs give more space for creative thought. Unlike doors and windows, a carpentry workshop that specializes in stairs has the opportunity to offer both original dimensions and unusual shapes, and non-ordinary breeds, and a unique performance in general. However, there are already many companies on the market that create stairs and have achieved high level skill in their field, and it will be very difficult to catch up with them from scratch.




Furniture. With furniture, the situation is about the same as with the first two categories. Now on the market there is a huge amount of furniture for every taste and budget. Thanks to such hypermarkets as Castorama, Leroy Merlin, Ikea, furniture is becoming more and more affordable and mass-produced. However, even the variety that is on the market leaves many opportunities for creating an exclusive range that is not found in stores. A small workshop can rely on the original range, offering tables, chairs, chests of drawers, cabinets, armchairs and more from expensive types of wood and with an unusual design.






Small goods. This is a wide category of goods, which is united by one quality - the size. Here we mean souvenirs, and all kinds of gift kitchen sets with cutting boards, spatulas and rolling pins, and frames with baguettes, and Board games, wooden toys (unusual ideas wooden toys you can see) and so on. If, say, in jewelry, size does not matter, then in carpentry everything is different. Even for an author's wooden product made from expensive wood, you will not get a lot of income, since the price of 1500-2000 rubles will seem excessively high to the buyer. An ordinary consumer will always have an alternative in the form of a plastic product at a price 5-10 times cheaper. Connoisseurs of original art will always have to be mined with great difficulty. Therefore, before you decide to manufacture wooden toys, pipes, salt shakers, ashtrays, cutting or gingerbread boards and other things, think about whether you can regularly produce and sell at least 50 of these small products in order to receive at least 50 thousand for them. .rubles Or is it better to make one chest of drawers in the same time and sell it for the same money?

How best to position your products today

The second question, which is also better to think about in advance, is the question of the unique selling proposition and the question of quality. To make your products different from what the mass market offers, first of all pay attention to the material. First, what kind of tree will it be? What colors and consumables will you use? What will be the design of your products?

*according to Yandex Wordstat as of 09/12/2018

Trending Product 2019

Thousands of ideas for quick money. All world experience in your pocket..

If we talk about the furniture segment, then according to search queries, the most popular wood for it is pine. In popularity, it is almost five times ahead of oak. At the same time, experienced carpenters and carpenters advise not to be deceived by pine. First, well-dried pine is hard to find. The properties of this wood are such that it is difficult to paint well, leaves a lot of dirt on the tools, and as a result, leads to costs.

*according to Yandex Wordstat as of 09/11/2018.

Secondly, products from the most popular wood have a price corresponding to their mass character. Let's say teak furniture will cost several times more than pine furniture. That is, by choosing an unusual material, you can significantly increase the profitable component, which is included in the price of the finished product.

One way or another, the quality of your furniture products will depend on the components. You can work along the path of maximizing cost reduction by purchasing cheap components from China, or give preference to more expensive but reliable suppliers of accessories. Austrian, German and Italian manufacturers of accessories that have representative offices in Russia and actively promote their products are considered to be recognized leaders in the quality of fittings.

Representatives of the carpentry business are increasingly becoming supporters of the fact that today products self made need to position expensively. The situation on the market has changed diametrically. If earlier everything that was produced by carpenters was bought with hands and feet, and there was a constant demand for carpentry work, now, in order to survive, work for quality, not quantity. As in many other areas of business, today's carpenters are increasingly required to master sales and marketing.

*according to Google service Trends

The peculiarity of the carpentry business is that no one will tell you exactly what price should be charged for a table, chair or bedside table, because there are no average prices in the carpentry business. The modern approach is as follows: you count the cost of the spent material, paints, varnishes and components, and then multiply the received several times. And exactly how much depends on how expensive the master positions himself and on the level of his skill. As a rule, a 100% mark-up does not justify itself, today for manual labor can and should charge a much higher price.

What kind of space is needed for a carpentry shop

Let's return to more traditional questions related directly to the opening of the workshop. To accommodate a small carpentry workshop, a room of 50-60 square meters is best suited. meters. The rent of such premises will cost about 20 thousand rubles per month.

Average rent for renting industrial premises in Russia, RUB*

*according to the analysis of Avito ads on 09/12/2018

Of course, not everyone can afford to rent, especially at the start. Therefore, most often carpentry workshops are opened at home, using sheds, garages or basements for these purposes.

Ready-made ideas for your business

When choosing an area, first of all, you need to consider the length of the room. If you are engaged in the manufacture of door and window frames, then the length of the room should not be less than four meters. Inside the workshop should be warm and dry, because wood is afraid of moisture. When furnishing the room, do not forget that you need even floors, as the machines must be stable.

For uninterrupted operation, it is desirable to supply the workshop room with three-phase electricity. In the event that the workshop room is built of wood, the wiring must be laid in wires or corrugated pipes, and sockets and equipment must be grounded.

If the workshop is located close to housing, take care of the soundproofing of the walls and doors. It is desirable that the windows face the direction where there are no residential buildings. It is also necessary to comply with fire safety requirements. The inner lining of carpentry is usually treated with flame retardants, which prevent fire. It is advisable to have a powder fire extinguisher in the building, or at least a bucket of sand in case of ignition of electrical appliances.

Ready-made ideas for your business

Many workshops do not pay much attention to ventilation. However, without flow fresh air in the workshop you are doomed to the constant inhalation of wood dust. And this threatens with certain health problems, which you can easily find out from the Internet.

What equipment is needed for a carpentry shop

The issue of equipment is one of the most difficult in planning a carpentry workshop. It should be borne in mind that there is no universal and generally accepted list for a carpentry workshop. The choice of equipment depends on a large number of variables: on what exactly is produced in the workshop, on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe room, production volumes, the experience of the master, and so on.

Therefore, you only have the desire to create wooden products, say your own furniture, and you only have experience in making simple products that do not require any special tools (tables, simple shelves, stools, etc.). In this case, you should not start with the purchase of serious units and machines, the purpose of which you do not yet have a clear idea, but with the purchase of the most basic set. Conventionally, it can be divided into four groups.

The minimum basic set of tools that will allow you to create simple furniture

If you don’t spend money on buying a workbench, but assemble it manually, then 30-40 thousand rubles will be enough to buy such a set. With a wider range of screwdrivers and electric jigsaws, of course, you can’t do it anymore, the list will expand significantly, and it will take at least 200 thousand rubles to equip the workshop, with the purchase of a good milling machine - more than 300 thousand rubles.

An approximate list of equipment for a small carpentry shop

Here are some guidelines for purchasing and using equipment that carpentry shop owners advise you to follow:

The price of equipment should correspond to the level of development of your business. Many inexperienced craftsmen are tempted to spend money on overpriced equipment that doesn't match their level of development and needs, and doesn't offer any significant speed/quality benefits. It must be remembered that expensive equipment of elite brands is always less liquid than cheap and “folk” ones. It is also more expensive to maintain and harder to sell. Therefore, for starters, it is better to get by with the most proven devices. For example, if your products do not have a large length, the so-called molding, it makes little sense to necessarily purchase a milling machine for 100 thousand rubles or more. To begin with, it is better to get by with a manual router, which can do almost the same thing, but will cost several times cheaper.

Strive for equipment versatility. You should not unnecessarily shell out for those types of equipment that can be replaced or that will stand idle for no reason. For example, spending money on a plunge-cut saw with a guide bar when there are cheaper and more versatile circular tables. Even if you need to open the sheet, it is easier and faster to use the services of companies that own panel saws, which can open the sheet at a low price and with higher quality.

Acquire new equipment gradually or with large orders. The smartest thing to think about is purchasing new equipment as you grow in skill and after large orders. The rest of the time, you should try to gradually set aside a small share of the profits for depreciation costs, and from them to purchase new machines.

Observe the principles of priority when arranging equipment. If drilling and turning machines are placed near the workbench, then the grinders are placed at some distance from the workplace. In addition, a good craftsman should always have everything at hand, so the workbench usually has cabinets, racks and hanging shelves.

Don't forget about safety. No matter how safe and familiar the work process may seem, have a first aid kit nearby with a first aid kit. Also use safety goggles and thick clothing. Work with buttoned sleeves, if the hair is long, hide it in a headdress.

Don't make a fuss. When arranging the premises, keep in mind the purchase of new machines in the future. Ideally, the free space should be twice the space for the machines. Lack of space can disrupt the process. The work plane must be approached from several sides. Also, do not turn the room into a warehouse: the tree should go into circulation, and not wallow in the corners.

Do I need to hire workers in the carpentry shop

On initial stage while the volumes are small, it is easier and faster for the master to act alone. However, this does not mean that no hired force will ever come in handy for you. Joiners usually require assistants for rough work or apprentices. They may carry planks, planer, remove shavings and debris, or perform other simple duties. As work force usually used are teenagers who are looking for a part-time job in the summer or youth.

It is worth noting that carpenters with experience are usually in no hurry to grow a full-fledged replacement for themselves. And their fears are understandable: there is a great risk of growing a competitor out of a student who can win over customers. Therefore, often the case is limited to auxiliary workers with contractual wages.

Please note that the average salary of a carpenter in Russia at the time of writing is about 38 thousand rubles, in Moscow and St. Petersburg - about 54.5 thousand rubles. Therefore, if you are sure that the net income will not differ much from these figures, think again about the advisability of opening your own workshop. Today the word "business" is very popular, but with such low turnover, working for hire will have much more advantages compared to independent sailing. In this case, it is wiser to continue to engage in the production of wooden products in the format of a part-time job and a hobby, gradually gaining experience and a client base.

The average level of salaries for the professions “carpenter/carpenter”, “assistant carpenter/carpenter”, rub.

*according to announcements on the Avito website on 09/12/2018

If you have the idea to open a carpentry workshop, but at the same time you are not going to work in it yourself, then the chances of finding a free carpenter who will work for you are close to zero. All masters with experience, as a rule, are attached and have a good income, and masters of “worse and cheaper” often abuse alcohol or have experience of staying in places not so remote and, let’s say, lost to society. In this case, it will be easier and more rational for you to place your orders with existing workshops and pay for their work, and then sell the finished product.

Ways to sell and promote joinery products

It is no secret that the traditional formats of carpentry workshops in terms of sales today are a clear loser. As a rule, they are located on the outskirts of cities and in industrial zones, where no one sees their activities, and the owners who managed to find some kind of permanent clientele do not always care about promotion and modern ways communication with the audience.

In the meantime, no matter what horrors and economic crises through the media frighten us from all sides, the number target audience, which can bring a good income to carpentry workshops, is gradually increasing. Pay attention to the pace of suburban construction, the emergence of new cottage settlements, people who are interested in buying garden furniture and quality wooden products for the home. These people want to equip their homes with maximum comfort and make them unique at the same time. Therefore, it is good if your workshop is located in front of the target audience and imprinted in her memory. It should not just be convenient to get to the workshop, people should see what you are doing. A good location will help in the development and achievement of the word of mouth effect. According to the experience of the masters, a person who visits the workshop live almost 100% becomes its client.

Ideally, the owner of the workshop should try to throw maximum amount"fishing rods" in all channels that can increase sales.

Ways to reach clients:

If some methods of reaching customers are rather passive (for example, publishing ads) and require one-time efforts (creating a business card site), then for others, for example, social networks, will require constant maintenance and time. Therefore, it will be good if you get an assistant who will control these issues. Expensive items for promotion can also be exhibition samples for presentations and exhibitions, custom photos of finished products, printouts of consumable promotional products, such as business cards.

furniture repair business

The payback period for the business of providing standard services (furniture repair and reupholstery) is from two months with minimum investment(from 10 thousand rubles).

Wood is natural material, from which a person has learned to make semi-finished products and other products. However, for industry, a simple tree is not of great value, so it must be processed on special equipment. But there are many nuances and interesting points. Let's talk with you about what wood processing is and what is the technology of the process.

General useful information

The most valuable thing that is obtained from recycled wood is paper. Today the paper industry is of great importance. Hundreds of tons of paper are produced every day in the world. After all, this product has a different purpose: household, industrial, etc. It cannot be said that the most expensive furniture is made from wood.

In principle, there are a huge number of materials that are obtained from wood. Today, particle boards have become extremely popular. They are somewhat similar to a board, but less uniform and most often measure 205 x 520 cm. Let's talk about everything in more detail. First you need to understand the types of wood processing.

Chemical processing

Wood-chemical technology allows you to get the following products: rosin, charcoal, turpentine, acetic acid, etc. From this we can draw a completely logical conclusion that this is an extremely popular method. It is based on hydrolysis - the reaction of polysaccharides and water. As a result, monosaccharides are obtained, which are processed by a biochemical method. After that, it is possible to obtain products such as glucose, ethyl alcohol, as well as protein substances.

If we consider purely chemical processing, then furfural is extracted by this method. The latter is the basis for the manufacture of medicines, plastics and more. It should be noted that hardwood trees are most often used as the main raw material: beech, aspen, birch, ash, etc. Of course, chemical wood processing lines are quite complex and require a lot of attention, as well as highly qualified specialists. A much simpler way, which we will now consider.

Mechanical restoration

The essence of this method is to change the size and volume of wood. It is easy to guess that in our case this is achieved mechanically, to put it simply, by cutting, sawing, planing, milling, and so on. For example, first, chips are obtained from the feedstock, and then chipboard material is made, with which almost all of us are familiar. But for you to understand, wood chips are made from technological waste, and not from solid wood.

This approach allows not only to save money, but also to reduce wood consumption. Although chemical treatment more complex and subtle, here, too, not everything is so simple. Depending on the size, as well as the type of wood and the further purpose of the material, various machines are used, which we will talk about a little lower. Every day, technology is becoming more perfect, which allows you to achieve better results. Mechanical processing products are widely used in construction, fuel briquettes and wood pellets are also widely used.

Main processing equipment

Automated equipment allows not only to increase the productivity of workshops and factories, but also significantly reduce the number of work-related injuries, which is important. Depending on the volumes, as well as the direction of processing, both simple units and entire complexes can be used. Let's look at the main machines:

• Shredders - used for shredding waste of various sizes. Cutting knives are used as the main working body. The stronger they are, the better.

• Low-speed shredders - characterized by high performance and reliability. Allow to receive spills in the size of 8-10 mm.

• Briquetting press - allows you to get briquettes used for space heating or in industry. It is characterized by functionality - the ability to work with various types of materials, for example, wood, paper.

• Horizontal shredders - designed for processing short as well as long lengths of waste.

• Silos are not mandatory, but simply necessary, especially if the wood processing plant has a large production capacity. Used for storage, transportation and unloading.

Wood processing machines

As noted at the very beginning of this article, machining involves sawing, milling, as well as planing and other similar operations. Therefore, it is hardly possible to do without the appropriate equipment even in a small workshop.

1. Planer - used to remove the surface layer of wood. In addition, during planing, the surface is polished. Modern machines allow you to process both sides of the board in one go. The shavings, as it used to be, are not burned, but sent for further processing.
2. Milling machines - used for cutting grooves, splines, etc.
3. Peeling machines are needed to obtain veneer, and they are chipless (no chips are formed in the process).
4. Debarkers allow you to remove the bark from logs. Depending on the purpose of the wood, corrugated swaths or circular knives can be used. The former are needed for rough processing, the latter for finishing.

Integrated wood processing

Today, the issue of waste disposal from the woodworking and wood-chemical industries is acute. Approximately 50% of the wood was thrown away as it was waste. Thanks to the introduction complex processing managed to achieve a significant reduction in this indicator. So, at present, not 50%, but 30% of waste is spent on recycling.

Such figures are due to the fact that, for example, sawdust, wood chips and bark are materials that are extremely inconvenient to transport and store. Moreover, without preliminary preparation (drying, grinding) they cannot be used. However, there is equipment for wood processing. At factories with such equipment, you can get:

• charcoal;
• briquetting of wood waste;
• gasification - the transformation of solid fuels (in our case, wood waste) into gas.

Getting charcoal

According to many experts, this method recycling is one of the best and most efficient. This is due to the great need of the population and industry for such coal. This is one of the few ways to effectively clear the forest from cutting waste. You can also recycle softwood. To get charcoal, you need to acquire equipment for pyrolysis. The essence of the method is the decomposition of raw materials in a special apparatus without oxygen. Today, three groups of coal are distinguished:

• grade A - obtained by processing hardwood waste;
• grade B - a mixture of hard and softwood waste wood;
• grade C - a mixture of hard and softwood, as well as coniferous waste.

Only the first group is of industrial importance. The fact is that such coal is used for the manufacture of active carbon and crystalline silicon. Some metallurgical plants this product used as a reducing agent.

Production of charcoal briquettes

As practice shows, enterprises that produce charcoal by pyrolysis accumulate quite a lot of little things that do not find any use and are most often simply thrown away. But today there are more conservative solutions, such as the manufacture of briquettes. Who would have thought that wood products could have great importance, especially for household purposes?

In principle, it is one of the most efficient and cheapest types of fuel. Today, briquettes are usually divided into two large groups: technological and fuel. The latter are widely used in everyday life, for example, for a fireplace or stove. Rarely used in CHP. By the way, the product of combustion is considered an excellent fertilizer. But it is worth paying your attention to the fact that it is impossible to get a full-fledged briquette by pressing alone. Here a binding element is needed, for example, wood resins, petroleum products or other binders.

Harvesting and processing of woodworking waste

According to statistics, about 30% of the world's timber resources are located in Russia. This figure corresponds to 18 million tons of fuel, and about 40 million tons of wood products are emitted annually. A variety of waste can be used as fuel. For example, it can be stumps, chips, bark, sawdust, slabs, as well as sleepers, plywood or even telegraph poles.

Waste should be transported by trucks and stored in warehouses. The latter may not have heating, but must be covered and well protected from moisture. This is due to the fact that high humidity hinders the production of high-quality fuels. It can be said with confidence that the harvesting and processing of wood in the territory of the Russian Federation is rather poorly developed. This is due to the disinterest of the state, as well as the complexity of procurement, transportation and storage.

Making paper by chemical processing

Most entrepreneurs are engaged in the manufacture of paper from wood waste. This decision is due small investment and low cost of the main raw materials. To receive a product required quality, first remove the cellulose. Further in aquatic environment mixing of fillers, sizing and dyes is carried out.

Then create a continuously moving grid paper pulp, which is further dried, driven through a press, and also wound into a roll. Since the process is continuous, the output of the finished product from the machine is quite large, approximately 800-1000 meters per minute. In principle, the chemical processing of wood is the best way paper making different quality. This approach allows you to clean the forest and dispose of waste in production.

What to do with low grade wood?

We have considered the main types of wood processing. From this it can be concluded that quite a large number of waste can still be recycled. But if hardwoods are still of interest, then low-grade waste practically does not bother anyone. This is due to the fact that neither high-quality paper nor good fuel can be made from them.

But even here there are several worthy solutions. You can make table wood or packing chips. There are profitable enterprises for the manufacture of plaster shingles, brooms, etc. In principle, the processing of low-quality wood waste is gradually finding its place. Thus, "slimmer" is increasingly given to animals as an additive to the main feed and used as bedding.

A few important points

As you can see, deep processing of wood will allow not only to properly dispose of waste, but also to do a lot of useful things. First of all, this fuel is used not only in everyday life, but also on an industrial scale. It is impossible not to mention the production of paper, especially since there are many countries in the world that are poor in forests and need such products. But the wood processing technology is quite complex and time-consuming, but the profitability sometimes makes you think. For this simple reason, many do not dare to work in this direction.

Conclusion

Here we have considered the main points on this topic. In principle, the direction is very interesting, but the underdevelopment of the industry scares off most entrepreneurs. But there are reasons for this. For example, to date, a rational way of processing has not yet been found. tree bark although several attempts have been made. But one can trace the trend that every year the interest is getting higher. For example, furniture factories, farmlands, and paper factories buy large quantities of raw materials. But the processing of thin wood requires serious lines, so many people consider it expedient to buy already prepared raw materials.

Removal, processing and disposal of waste from 1 to 5 hazard class

We work with all regions of Russia. Valid license. Full set of closing documents. Individual approach to the client and flexible pricing policy.

Using this form, you can leave a request for the provision of services, request Commercial offer or get a free consultation from our experts.

Wood processing as a business is a fairly profitable business area. Wood is a wonderful material with many advantages. positive qualities used in most different areas construction and light industry.

Disposal

Currently, the only rational way of disposal is incineration, respectively, in obtaining energy. This procedure is carried out in special boilers or CHP. The latter device helps to significantly reduce the cash costs for electricity in small and medium-sized enterprises.

However, it is better to use garbage like branches and sawdust as fuel for the above structures. This will significantly save on the purchase of fuel (there is no need to purchase briquettes, you can simply purchase wood waste) and save the environment.

Charcoal

According to experts, getting charcoal is the most efficient way of recycling. Despite the fact that the method is directly related to incineration, it is largely isolated. To obtain charcoal, a process called "pyrolysis" is used - the decomposition of raw materials in a device without oxygen.

There are three classes of coal:

• Class A. A similar group is obtained as a result of the processing of branches and other hardwood waste.
• Class B. Obtained by mixing hard and soft waste.
• Class C. A mixture of hard, soft and softwoods.

Among all groups, only the first is actively used in industry: in the manufacture of activated carbon, silicon, and the product is also used as a reducing agent in metallurgical plants.

Processing steps

Wood can be processed in various ways, depending on what product should be the output. The desired product can be obtained with various types of wood processing:

• chemical processing of wood
• mechanical processing
• deep wood processing
• complex wood processing

Chemical processing, coupled with mechanical processing, will allow you to get plywood, chipboard or fiberboard.

Using heat treatment, you can get various resins, coal, acetic acid. Consider the processing in detail, it allows you to get paper, cardboard, pulp or chipboard from branches and sawdust.

The process involves the following steps:

1. The tree is divided into pieces, like branches, trunk and greenery. Then they are sorted by rocks, subjected to hydrothermal treatment, rotten areas and foreign elements are disposed of.
2. After primary processing, wood waste is crushed. A complete processing of wood into chips is carried out using a chipper. To obtain chips, which will later be used for the manufacture of fibreboard or paper, disk machines are used. Processing with a drum chipper is only suitable for hydrolysis production.
3. The next stage of the process will be the transportation of chips for further processing using scraper or belt conveyors.

After the primary processing of branches and other wood waste with chips, you can work further, they can be pressed into briquettes or other wooden semi-finished products.

Chemical method

Recycling wood waste using wood chemical technology makes it possible to obtain products that are used in almost all areas human activity, such as turpentine, rosin, acetic acid and other products.

The basis of the chemical method is the hydrolysis reaction, after which monosaccharides are formed. These substances are then processed biochemical way, resulting in the formation of products such as glucose or ethyl alcohol. But chemical processing is more aimed at obtaining the extraction of furfural, which is the basis for the manufacture of medicines, plastics and many useful products.

Not every type of wood waste is suitable for such a procedure. More often they use secondary raw materials from birch, aspen and ash. There is also chemical recycling, which is environmentally friendly, but the disadvantage of such recycling is its economic irrationality, it requires large investments and careful work with chemicals.

mechanical method

The main essence of the method is to change the size and volume of elements. Mechanical methods involve planing, cutting and milling operations. Chips are first created from the original wood raw materials, and only then they are processed into chipboard material.

Mechanical processing compared to chemical processing is more economical in terms of money resources and time. However, there is a nuance, the equipment for wood processing is not universal, completely different machines are used for each type of raw material.

It is worth highlighting the briquettes, which are created by mechanical processing. Briquettes are one of many forms of preparing wood waste for use as fuel. Briquettes - great business, which requires little investment and has a short payback period. Therefore, recycling as a way to get rid of wood waste is irrational.

Quality standards

Depending on what will be the final product from a process such as deep processing, there are certain standards that the chips must meet. For all areas, it is imperative to exclude the presence of various impurities, such as: rot, sand, earth or metal particles.

• For the production of paper or cardboard, chips are taken that do not contain bark at all.
• For the production of fibreboard, waste with a bark content of up to 15% can be recycled.
• The highest quality fiberboard will be obtained only from wood chips that contain no more than 3% of the bark.

Compliance with these standards ensures the quality of products.

There is the concept of "thinner" - this is a raw material of low quality. The diameter in the upper cut of the thinner softwood is 2-6 cm, hardwood 2-8 cm, length 1-3 m. Over time, this material is increasingly used, despite its low quality. Processing of thin wood takes place, as recycled raw materials are used in construction, agriculture and mining industry.

Profitable business

If we consider the processing of wood waste as a business, then there are several undoubted advantages of entrepreneurship in this area.

• Firstly, it is relevant, because effective use wood waste today is not widely used. A lot of raw materials quite suitable for processing are left to rot.
• Secondly, a quick payback, although the initial costs may seem quite impressive, mainly due to the need to purchase specific equipment. With proper performance and well-established distribution channels, all costs can pay off in the first year.

Thus, we can conclude that the proper processing of wood and branches is quite a profitable business, of course, with a competent organization of production.