The best aircraft in the world military modern. The best planes in the world. The most expensive planes in the world

The most powerful fighter jet arrives in Paris fourth generation in the world - the Russian Su-35S. He flew there not to bomb beautiful city in Europe, and - to participate in one of the largest air shows in the world - "Le Bourget-2013". The Paris Airplane Show was first held in 1908 and has been held every two years since then. Our country made its debut here in 1936, and since 1957 it has been a regular participant.

This time, 2,000 companies from 44 countries of the world will take part in the 50th anniversary salon. It is assumed that the amount of transactions that can be concluded during the show will be about 125 billion dollars. This could be a record figure in history.

The central place on the main alley of the exhibition was occupied by our Su-35S. So, get acquainted. This jet super-maneuverable multirole fighter of the 4++ generation is a deep modernization of the Su-27. But it can be attributed to the fourth generation very conditionally, since in almost all respects, with the exception of stealth technologies, the aircraft meets the requirements of fifth generation fighters.

This bird is designed for air supremacy by destroying any aircraft, destroying surface and ground targets, in any weather conditions, as well as ground infrastructure facilities, air defense systems, etc.

The Su-35S is equipped with the BINS-SP2 strapdown inertial navigation system. It was developed by the Radioelectronic Technologies Concern, which is part of the Rostec Corporation. SINS-SP2 autonomously determines the location of an object without the use of satellite navigation systems and in the absence of communication with ground services, and is twice as accurate as previously created analogues.

In addition to BINS-SP2, the most important difference a new fighter from machines of the “4+” generation was the introduction of the fifth generation avionics complex. Radar station with a rotary phased array "Irbis-E" provides guaranteed detection and capture of air targets at ranges up to 200 kilometers, and in a narrowed field of view up to 350-400 km. This system is capable of simultaneously tracking up to 30 targets and directing missiles at 8 of them, while monitoring the airspace is not interrupted. The radar also provides the selection of ground targets. The visibility of the aircraft itself for enemy radars has been reduced several times. Protect the Su-35S from enemy missiles electronic warfare, developed by the same Radioelectronic Technologies concern.

The armament of the aircraft is divided into small arms and cannon, air-to-air and air-to-surface guided missiles, unguided missiles and bombs.
Today, the Su-35S is one of the most popular fighters. Within the framework of the aviation and space show MAKS-2009, the largest deal in Russia over the past decades for the purchase of combat aircraft was concluded. The agreement provides for the delivery of 48 Su-35Cs; as of the beginning of 2013, 10 fighters have already been delivered.

This is the only aircraft in the world that can make a "pancake" - a 365-degree turn in a horizontal plane without losing speed. Experts from the air show began to speak very flatteringly about our aircraft, for example, engineer Christian Kunowski said the following: "I've been in this industry for 22 years, I've seen a lot, but this flight is something incredible! This is not a fighter, it's just a UFO! To be honest, For the first time in my life, I cried with delight!

While foreigners admire our technology, you can sleep peacefully, because the skies of Russia are guarded by the best fighters in the world.

From the first steps of mankind in the conquest of the sky, the world has constantly observed evolution military aviation. Fighters have always come to the rescue in military and local conflicts, performing the most complex operations. To date, this type of aircraft has reached inexpressibly in its development high point progress. In our time, no one can be surprised by the ability of a person to stay in the air element, but the high technology, colossal combat equipment of combat fighters and the mass of opportunities that open up before them really amaze the mind and excite the imagination. The wealth of power and variety of these war machines encourages the creation ranking of the most best fighters in the world.

10. Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet

Unlocks the top 10 best Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet fighters. It is in service with the US Army and is a carrier-based fighter-bomber and attack aircraft. Combat vehicles of this type are very popular for deployment on aircraft carriers. This fighter is equipped with a 6-barreled cannon capable of firing at a rate of 6,000 rounds per minute. Nine external mounts allow you to equip the aircraft with a wide range of different weapons, including: missiles - simple and laser-guided, many types of bombs, as well as weapons that allow you to fly effective fight against enemy ships, and a system that prevents aircraft from being tracked on radar.

9 Saab JAS 39 Gripen

The Saab JAS 39 Gripen combat fighter, which ranks 9th in our rating, has been in service with the Swedish army for thirty years now. His first demonstration flight took place in the 88th year of the last century. To date, this fighting machine equipped with some of the best technology in the world. The fourth generation fighter was created specifically for the effective conduct of hostilities in the conditions of the Scandinavian terrain - the limited plains and the severity of the weather. The Saab JAS 39 Gripen is armed with a 30mm cannon, Various types bombs (depending on the need), several types of missiles (guided and unguided).

8. MIG-35

The genius of the Russian military air weapons- MIG-35 fighter. This aircraft is planned to be put into service only this (2018) year, but it has already established itself as one of the best fighters, although it has not yet shown itself in the combat field. The MIG-35 has surpassed its predecessor in many ways. For example, this fighter consumes less fuel, the oxygen station produces more oxygen, and the duration of the autopilot during aiming has been extended so that the pilot has more opportunity to conduct accurate fire at the enemy. Among other things, Russian engineers managed to reduce the cost of producing a fighter, for comparison, the French side spends 2-3 times more on the creation of aircraft of this type.

7F-16 Fighting Falcon

The seventh line in the ranking of fighters is the American F-16 Fighting Falcon. At one time, this combat vehicle was the leader among the most popular in the world - the low cost of its production and high quality characteristics allowed US military factories to produce these vehicles in large quantities for export to other countries. There are currently over 4,700 F-16 Fighting Falcons worldwide. These combat vehicles managed to prove themselves in more than a hundred combat operations around the world.

6 Eurofighter Typhoon

combat fighter Eurofighter Typhoon is the brainchild of four EU countries at once, which has proven its effectiveness in real armed conflicts. One of the main advantages of this aircraft is the ability to interfere with enemy radars, which allows you to adjust the flight of guided missiles. This, first of all, influenced the fact that the Eurofighter Typhoon became very "survivable" - getting into a fighter with such a system is quite difficult. Typhoon also surpasses its counterparts in firing range (as much as 100 km). Today, there are about five hundred such fighters in the world, and each combat vehicle is made using a unique technology.

5. Dassault Rafale

The pride of the French armed forces, the Dassault Rafale, was also on the list of the most powerful fighters. The creators claim that the only factor that prevents the incredible rise of this combat vehicle is its high cost. Dassault Rafale has been in service with the French army for 50 years, it has shown itself well in armed conflicts several times. However, today this fighter is used only for training and demonstration flights. Also, its name often appeared in air crashes, but the French side each time claimed that the human factor was the reason for this.

4Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II

Another development of the US Air Force was the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II, designed to replace obsolete aircraft of this generation. The fighter entered service as navy USA, and ground forces- it is actively used on fleet aircraft carriers due to the short takeoff run distance and braking distance - during landing. The Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II is also capable of vertical takeoff. After the development and release of the fighter into mass production, it was exported to other countries of the world, the first of which was Great Britain. The aircraft is equipped with advanced electronics and powerful weapons.

3. Su-35S

On the third line of the rating is one of the best Russian fighters. The Su-35S made its first sortie in 2008. According to its quality characteristics, the fighter can be attributed to the 5th generation. US analysts dubbed the Su-35S the most dangerous and deadly model ever created in the USSR and Russia. To date, part of the characteristics and combat capabilities of the fighter is kept by the armed forces in the strictest confidence, therefore it is not yet possible to fully assess its combat potential.

2. Su-57

A completely new achievement of the domestic military industry - the Su-57. The fifth generation fighter is recognized by domestic designers as the best fighter of Russian aviation. Today, this combat vehicle is on the same level as the American Raptor. Main Feature Su-57 is the ability to fight with several opponents at once, which can be both in the air and on the ground. Currently, the designers are working on an improved camouflage fighter. The aircraft is equipped with the world's most advanced electronics and incredibly deadly weapons.

1 Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor

On the first line of the rating "the best fighters in the world" is the American Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor. In fact, he shares the palm with the Russian Su-57. The Raptor is a 5th generation fighter, presented to the public in the second half of the 90th year. It is capable of performing many purposes and combat missions. On this moment The Raptor is recognized as an advanced development of American designers in this area. Among the advantages of a combat vehicle is complete invisibility to enemy radars. The Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor is described as a fighter with high maneuverability, low fuel consumption and relatively low weight. Only two cases of the loss of these fighters in combat operations have been registered.

Starting with the Second World War, and possibly during the armed conflicts that preceded it, such as the wars in Spain and Abyssinia, the decisive role in the outcome of hostilities of aviation became obvious. Air supremacy determines success. Then there were Korea, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iran and Iraq, the Middle East, Iraq again and many other local clashes that confirmed great importance aircraft in combat. Without the ability to effectively resist the actions of the assault and bomber aviation the enemy has no chance of winning. And for this you need funds. air defense, and aircraft of a special type, with a number of special qualities, such as speed, maneuverability and low vulnerability.

Ideas about what the best fighter should be have changed over the years. The metamorphoses of this type of military equipment were also influenced by emerging technologies, and experience gained at the cost of great sacrifices.

Thirties-forties, the era of propeller fighters

In the sky of Spain, the I-16 performed well. As of 1936, it was perhaps the best fighter in the world. In its design, the engineers of the Polikarpov bureau used the latest technical solutions revolutionary for the time. It was the first production model with retractable landing gear, a powerful engine and weapons (including the possibility of installing unguided rockets). But the reign of "Chatos" ("Snub-nosed" - as the Republicans called him for the wide profile of the hood) did not last long. The German Messerschmitt-109 appeared in the sky, which underwent several modifications throughout the Second World War. Only some planes close in class and engine power could compete with him, including the English Spitfire and the American Mustang developed somewhat later.

However, with all the outstanding technical specifications, it is very difficult to find a comprehensive criterion in order to determine the best aircraft. A fighter, it turns out, can also be different, and you need to evaluate it in many ways.

Fifties, Korea

In the post-war period, with the appearance, the countdown of generations of fighters began. The first of them can be attributed to the initial developments of engineers around the world, created back in the mid-forties. For us it was the MiG-9, which, in terms of its parameters, was not far from the Messerschmitt-262. Already at the time, the Americans were shocked by an unpleasant surprise for them.

The swift, compact and highly maneuverable MiG-15 crushed the seemingly unshakable power strategic aviation USA. From this MiG originates the second generation. Then it was the best fighter in the world, and it took time to create a worthy rival for him, which became the Saber.

Sixties, Vietnam and the Middle East

Then there was In the sky, two lifelong rivals, the Phantom and the MiG-21, spun in "dog fights". These aircraft were very different, both in size, and in weight, and in the degree of armament. The American F-4 weighed twice as much as the Soviet interceptor, was less maneuverable, but had a number of advantages in long-range combat.

It is difficult to determine which was the best fighter in the Vietnamese skies, but the overall score was in favor of the MiG. It should also be taken into account that, in comparable prices, a Soviet aircraft cost much (many times) cheaper, moreover, in the event of an unfavorable outcome of the battle, the Americans lost two pilots, and not one. Both of these aircraft belonged to the third generation. aviation technology. Meanwhile, progress continued, more and more stringent requirements were imposed on the interceptors.

Fourth generation since the seventies

Since 1970, the development of the fighter aircraft industry has gone along new main lines. Avionics has become not just a tool to help the pilot in detecting enemies and solving navigation problems, it has taken on a number of control functions. Became extremely important degree of visibility aircraft for enemy radars. The parameters of the engines have changed, and the thrust vector has become variable, which forced us to radically reconsider the concept of maneuverability. Determining which is the best fighter belongs to the fourth generation is not so easy, opinions are divided on this matter. The American F-15 has its supporters, especially in the West, and they have their own arguments, the main of which remains a successful experience combat use"Eagle". Others believe that in the fourth generation the best fighter in the world is the Russian-made Su-27.

Generation after generation

Generations of jet interceptors are separated from each other according to several criteria: by the time of development, the shape and type of the wing, information richness and some other criteria, but it is not always easy to draw a clear line between them, it remains conditional. For example, a deep modification of the MiG-21 has improved its performance so much that it can be roughly considered a fourth-generation aircraft in almost all indicators of combat effectiveness.

Direction of design thought

Fifth generation interceptors today form the basis of Russia and other technologically advanced countries. They are able to perform various combat missions, to protect the airspace of their states, they are sold within the framework of military-technical cooperation to strategic partners. But work on new projects is ongoing. Promising samples of the latest aviation technology have some features that distinguish them from previous models, which gives reason to believe that the turn of the fifth generation has come. Its features include low radar visibility, expressed in the desire to remove all types of weapons previously placed on external suspensions and the technology of radar absorbing surfaces, which received the name "Stealth" with the light hand of the Americans. In addition, all latest achievements in the field of aircraft engine building, rudders and control systems also indicate that the aircraft belongs to last generation. It is also important to use composite materials in the design, which reduces weight, and again, increases stealth. This is exactly what the best fighter in the world should be today. A photo of such an aircraft is recognizable, the outlines of the fuselage and planes are somewhat angular, the engines leave an inconspicuous contrail, and the nozzles have a rather high angle of possible rotation.

"Raptor"

In some way they are subtly similar, although the general layout schemes, and technical specifications differ significantly. These include, first of all, the Raptor F-22. Specialists, mainly American, believe that this is the best fighter in the world. The main argument in favor of this opinion is the fact that the Raptor is the only mass-produced and adopted machine in the world that meets the requirements for a fifth-generation interceptor. All other similar models, including Russian ones, are under development and refinement. There are also important factor, which casts doubt on the correctness of such an opinion. The fact is that the F-22 has never participated in hostilities, and how it will behave in a real battle is unknown. At one time, the American military-industrial complex widely advertised the Bi-2 stealth bomber, and then it turned out that even outdated Soviet radars, which were in service with the Yugoslav army, could well detect it.

How about us?

Russia, of course, does not disregard the US attempts to achieve military hegemony. We are planning to create an aircraft capable of fighting the most advanced interceptor potential adversary. It was planned to "put it on the wing" back in 2005, but difficulties, mainly of an economic nature, prevented it. IN developed countries it usually takes a decade and a half to create a similar model and put it into service, and the Sukhoi Design Bureau received the terms of reference in 1999. Simple calculations suggest that the date when the Russian Air Force will receive the best fighter in the world is 2014 or 2015.

Little is known about him. They called the project not just an aircraft or an interceptor, but a Frontal Aviation Complex. (PAKFA - "P" stands for promising, "A" - aviation, some tautology is excusable for aircraft designers.) Take-off weight is about 20 tons, like the American F-22 and the F-35, which has not yet been put into service. Tactical characteristics allow the machine to be used from small VPDs, the technology of low radio visibility is applied. Naturally, the electronic equipment is the most modern. It is likely that this will be the best fighter in the world. T-50 is another name for the PAKFA platform, it is possible that these working codes will give way to the classic designation "Su" with some number.

China

Our Chinese Friends for a long time did not bother with the task of developing their own aircraft. Usually in the PRC, they chose a good Soviet model that received a good reputation, purchased technical documentation and produced it under their own index, consisting of the letter Y (for civilians) or J (for military) and a number. However, the economic boom of recent decades, which has turned China into the world's one-stop shop, has spurred the people's aircraft industry to start working on own projects. Perhaps the J-10 is not the best fighter in the world, but all the known technical specifications of this aircraft indicate that it is a machine on the verge of IV and V generations with the possibility of further modification. original solution of the general layout scheme (delta-shaped "duck" without the classic tail) eloquently says that this time the Chinese aircraft manufacturers did without external borrowings, showing their own approach.

Top hit parade

The history of world aviation is rich in outstanding achievements. The mere enumeration of interceptor aircraft, which have become masterpieces of engineering art, will take up too much space. How to choose the best fighter among them? Among the successful models, one cannot but recall the La-5 and La-7, the Aerocobra, on which I.N. Kozhedub and A.I. Pokryshkin fought, the French Mirage, the Swedish Saabs, the English Lightning and many other powerful and beautiful machines. The task is complicated by the fact that no matter how perfect he was, he almost always found worthy opponent. Therefore, it makes sense to present the conditional rating of the most outstanding interceptors in pairs:

1. Messerschmitt-109 and Spitfire. During the Second World War Soviet aircraft were good, but they lacked powerful engines, so they were not on the top list.
2. MiG-15 and Saber F-86. They had plenty of war with each other in Korea.
3. "Phantom" F-4 and MiG-21. Vietnam, the Middle East and other military conflicts have pointed to strong and weak sides these very different planes.
4. "Eagle" F-15 against the Su-27. "Eagle" has a very good reputation due to its successful use in modern theaters of war. "Dry" is not inferior to him in most technical and tactical indicators, and in some it is superior, but combat experience it is not enough for him to absolutely win the competition for the title of "the best fighter in the world." 2014 was marked by the adoption of the combat units Russian Air Force dozens of Su-35S aircraft, which are a deeply modernized version of the Su-27.
5. T-50 and Raptor. Opponents, apparently, are quite worthy. It would be better for them not to meet in air fights, but if this does happen in the future, there is a high probability that our car will not let you down.

What will be the best fighter in the world of the 21st century? One can only guess what new concepts the aircraft engineers of the future will come up with. The century has just begun, and by all indications, it will be turbulent ...

The first inventions that made it possible to rise into the air caused euphoria, because then it was a miracle to get off the ground, rising up for several kilometers. But with the development of technology, people began to feel more confident in the sky, and thanks to fighters, they can even consider themselves masters of the air spaces. Equipped with a host of innovative features, they impress with their capabilities and military power. We present to you top 10 best fighter planes in the world.

10 Boeing F/A-18E

American-made carrier-based aircraft, which is often placed on aircraft carriers. Has at its disposal six-barreled gun, capable of firing 6 thousand rounds per minute, as well as many other weapons, including missiles with and without laser guidance.

9F-16 Fighting Falcon

Created in the USA in 1979, Falcon is still actively used not only at home, but also in other countries of the world. Due to its minimum price, as well as high flight capabilities, it has been put into service in more than thirty states. That is why it is considered one of the best fighters in the world.

8 Saab JAS 39 Gripen

It is in service with the Swedish army and, although it was released and first tested in action back in 1988, it still has impressive technologies. The reason for this is that in the manufacture of the JAS 39 Gripen, the designers focused on the terrain of their country - the mountains, as well as not simple Scandinavian climatic conditions.

The creation of Russian masters from the design shop named after P. Sukhoi, which was tested and passed a lot of different checks, each of which showed a high class of the car. In competitions between British and American counterparts, the Su 30 has always emerged victorious. It is also valued for its well-thought-out rescue system, because in nine out of ten cases, in an accident, the pilot remains safe and sound.

6. McDonnell Douglas F-15 Eagle

The creation of drawings and the development of the aircraft began in 1962. It took to the skies a decade later, but, despite its age, it is still in use today, and will continue to do so, according to representatives of the US Air Force, until at least 2025. Such trust "Eagle" deserved its reliability. Speed ​​and power can be found in other aircraft, but only this one has such a minimum number of breakdowns.

The US military has praised Russia's new development, the Su-35, as the most powerful and deadly aerial vehicle ever built by the Russians. Therefore, the Su 35 will not be able to get around the top of the best fighters in the world. It is still little used, and exact data on all its capabilities are kept secret.

Among American aircraft with destructive power, it is considered the best. The Raptor is light, agile and economical. Since its inception, which happened in the 90s, only two aircraft of this model have crashed.

3 Eurofighter Typhoon

It was simply impossible not to include the Typhoon in the top 10 fighters in the world, created by the joint efforts of the best designers in England, Italy, Spain and Germany. The development of the European Union to stabilize the situation in the Middle East, which has the ability to create noise and interference on enemy radars, which is why it is not possible to hit the Typhoon homing system.

Russian-made fifth-generation fighter, which has all the best from previous models and is equipped with many of the latest developments. According to preliminary data, the Su 57 can simultaneously fight with several opponents, both in the air and on the ground.

Completing the list of the best fighters in the world today is the Su 27 with its extensive history. It has been in operation for quite a long time and still shows excellent results. So during a military conflict in the expanses of Africa, one such managed to destroy three enemy fighters. And among the shortcomings, only one is obvious - high fuel consumption.

There are enough fans in the world to make ratings of the very best. Usually it is TOP-5 or TOP-10. Military equipment is also popular in these ratings. Of course, it is difficult to talk about their objectivity. After all, all these tanks, aircraft and ships most often never met in combat conditions, and therefore they are compared according to performance characteristics taken from open sources. In addition, patriotic feelings are superimposed, because of which the compilers of the ratings prefer native cars. However, it can be interesting to look at these TOPs.

Today we have the British version of the top five fighters in the world. The comparison was carried out according to the following parameters: speed and maneuverability, the level of stealth, the weapons system installed on board, the cost of production and maintenance. Let's fly!

5. F / A-18E / F Super Hornet - American carrier-based fighter-bomber and attack aircraft

The author of the rating claims that this american fighter many analysts are ignored, but in vain. Super Hornets serve in the US and Australian navies. The United States has about five hundred of them, and Australia has 24. "Super Hornet" has an excellent cruising speed and thrust vector control, but it is not as maneuverable as the Su-35 and F-22. After the planned upgrades, it can be expected that this aircraft will remain in service until the 2040s or even until the 2050s. Naval Forces The United States loves this aircraft very much and constantly upgrades it, not wanting to change it to something else.

• Maximum speed - 1900 km / h at an altitude of 12190 meters;
• Flight range - 2346 km;
• Combat radius - 722 km;
• Practical ceiling - 15 km.

4. lockheed The Martin F-35 Lightning II is an American fifth-generation stealth fighter-bomber.

wikipedia

In fourth place is again a product of the American aviation industry. The fifth-generation stealth fighter got off to a bad start. There was constant news about technical problems, due to which it was necessary to cancel its deliveries and postpone the start of mass production. The cost of the project has long exceeded the planned value. However, the F-35 is barely making its way through.

The F-35 is available in three versions: a ground-based fighter for the US Air Force, a fighter with a short takeoff and vertical landing for marines United States and British Navy and carrier-based fighter for the US Navy.

• Maximum speed - 1950 km / h;
• Combat radius - 1150 km;
• The maximum flight range without.

3. Su-35 - Russian multipurpose supermaneuverable fighter with thrust vector control engines

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Even the British put our Su-35 aircraft above the vaunted F-35. The Su-35 is the result of a deep modernization of the Su-27. This aircraft can carry a record eight tons of payload in the form of weapons and ammunition. In terms of maneuverability, the Su-35 is not inferior to the F-22, but is capable of performing unique aerobatics that no other aircraft can perform. About 60 of these aircraft are already in service. It is planned to release 70 more pieces.

• Maximum speed - 2390 km / h;
• Combat radius - 3600 km;
• Practical ceiling - 18 km.

2. Eurofighter Typhoon - fourth-generation European multirole fighter

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Well, here we see an example of subjectivity. Since Great Britain took part in the development of the European fighter, the author of the rating put the Eurofighter above the Su-35. Although the Eurofighter looks quite ordinary in appearance, inside it is crammed with the most sensitive sensors and innovative technologies. Initially, this aircraft was conceived as a pure fighter, but the modernization significantly expanded its capabilities. In the latest modification, called Tranche, the possibilities of hitting ground targets are significantly expanded, i.e. the aircraft is capable of performing the functions of an attack aircraft.

• Maximum speed - 2495 km / h;
• Combat radius - 1390 km;

1. lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor - fifth-generation American multirole fighter

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In the first place, the British put, oddly enough, the American Raptor, with which there were so many problems that it was discontinued. In addition, this is the most expensive fighter: in 2006, it cost as much as gold equal to it in weight. Due to the latest developments on board, the US Congress banned the export of the F-22. A feature of this aircraft are sensitive long-range radars, which allows the Raptor to hit targets without coming into direct contact with the enemy.

In principle, this aircraft can be not only a fighter, but also an attack aircraft, but then it loses the advantage of "invisibility". In fact, he does not need this function, which only increases the cost of production. The Raptor has excellent maneuverability, but it is of little use, since pilots are expressly forbidden to perform certain maneuvers in order to avoid losing consciousness. Therefore, only the most experienced pilots are allowed to fly the F-22. In total, the US Air Force has 187 of these machines.

• Maximum speed - 2410 km / h;
• Combat radius - 759 km;
• Practical ceiling - 19.8 km.

Let's remember that all these ratings are quite subjective. How can, for example, put in the first place a discontinued aircraft that has not shown itself in any way? Or why is the European aircraft, which had become obsolete by the time of its appearance, placed above the Su-35? The questions, as they say, are rhetorical. We will be glad that our designers are able to create a car that not only is not inferior to foreigners, but also surpasses them in many ways.