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One of the most essential conditions for the successful combat work of aviation is a well-developed network field airfields.

IN war time Temporary airfields are organized in the area of ​​combat operations for conducting flight work.

Temporary airfields do not have any specially erected structures.

Airfields are called active if aviation units are located on them. Otherwise, they are inactive or spare.

Aerodrome; allowing for its size only episodic flight work of single aircraft or. regardless of size, used only for occasional landings and takeoffs of single aircraft, is called a landing area.

Depending on the nature combat use airfields (sites) are divided into forward and rear.

Airfields (sites) are called advanced airfields from which combat sorties of aviation are directly carried out. They are located as close as possible to the front, depending on the situation (type and type of aviation, its combat missions, the nature of the terrain, the availability of means of communication, communications, etc.).

Forward airfields, depending on their significance, are divided into main and auxiliary.

The main airfield is the technical base for the flight operations of a unit or formation. At this airfield, the headquarters of the unit and all services are usually located.

Auxiliary airfields, to one degree or another, contribute to the combat work of aviation.

Auxiliary aerodromes include: a) alternates, where preparatory work in the event of the transfer of air units from the main airfields in case of danger of air attacks (when the enemy establishes the location of this unit), as well as in the destruction of military airfields; b) false, organized to mask the true; false airfields can often serve as alternates.

Rear airfields are called airfields (sites) intended for aviation rest in the period between flight and combat work, for viewing and repairing materiel.

The rear airfields are located at a distance that provides them with a raid by enemy fighter aircraft.

Several airfields occupied by an aviation unit or formation, false and alternate airfields, flying sites (for rapid dispersal in the event of a bombing and chemical attack), a communications and surveillance system, checkpoints, lighting equipment for night operations and air defense systems form an airfield hub.

The distance of airfields from each other should not be less than 10 km.

Basic requirements for the location of airfields

1. Military aviation. According to their location, airfields of military aviation must meet the following conditions:

a) be out of range of enemy artillery fire;

b) to have the shortest possible lines of communication with serviced military units, and even better - to allow personal communication between military and aviation commanders and their headquarters;

c) provide best conditions for the placement of the material part and the production of minor repairs;

d) have good ways to bring everything you need;

e) provide the most favorable conditions for recreation to personnel;

f) have good disguise;

g) give the opportunity to organize direct defense against both air and ground enemies.

The commander and headquarters are located at the airfield from which combat work. Landing pads at the headquarters of divisions are designed in case of need for personal communication between the crew and the division commander or his head

headquarters. Near the headquarters of the units for direct communication with them, landing sites are equipped, designed to receive and operate single aircraft.

Communication between airfields and the combined arms headquarters serviced by the aviation unit is carried out by means of the latter.

The main airfield and the headquarters of the military unit are connected by wire communication.

2. Army reconnaissance aircraft. army working conditions reconnaissance aviation There are no special requirements for airfields. In the event of a rapid movement of the field headquarters of a serviced operational formation, it will often be necessary to resort to work from a forward airfield, which may be the airfield of some part of military aviation.

3. Fighter aircraft. Army fighter aviation, in addition to its main airfields, must make extensive use of the entire network of airfields and sites in the army area. This ensures a successful struggle for air supremacy, allowing the fighters to quickly concentrate on various sectors of the front.

The use of fighter aviation requires, first of all, well-established communications, which is why all fighter aviation airfields must have direct wire or radio communication with the command at whose disposal they are, as well as with the headquarters (airfields) of aviation for other purposes, with air defense points and near the main air posts located communications and surveillance.

4. Assault and bomber aircraft are deployed at airfields in accordance with the general tactical situation.

The need for frequent re-sorties requires forward airfields to approach the front line with a wide dispersal of squadrons (detachments) over individual airfields.

5. Area of ​​airfields for military and light combat aviation. The zone of airfields of military aviation covers a strip, the front edge of which is 10-20 km away from the line of contact with the enemy, and the rear edge is 30-50 km away. Usually the main airfields of military aviation units are located at a depth of 1-1% of transitions from the enemy, and landing sites are moved forward, as far as possible closer to the parking area of ​​corps and division headquarters.

The forward edge of the zone of airfields for light combat aviation is 100 km from the line of contact with the enemy. With forward basing, the location of airfields for combat light aviation will be in the band from 100 to 200 meters per meter in depth, and when located at rear airfields, from 200 km and deeper.

Defense of the airfield from the ground enemy

The airfield may be threatened by the following enemy ground troops: a) motorized units; b) cavalry; c) airborne troops; d) sabotage groups.

Taking into account that the actions of large enemy forces equally threaten both airfields and the entire tactical and operational rear of troops, the defense of airfields cannot be considered in isolation from the general defense of the entire rear area.

Responsible for organizing the defense of a military rear area is the commander of the formation to which the given rear area belongs; the organization of defense within the army rear, according to its division, is directly in charge of the army headquarters or the heads of the corresponding rear bodies located in the given area.

When organizing the defense of the rear, one proceeds from the importance of one or another object, and the defense is organized in directions leading to one or another object or group of them. At the same time, the topographic conditions of the area are widely used and it is practiced to strengthen them with engineering, and sometimes chemical means of control (arranging blockages, notches, gouges, trenches, minefields and preparing for chemical contamination) using local improvised means and work force.

Air formations and rear units located in a given area receive certain sections and areas for defense, indicated by the appropriate order or order of the chief organizing general defense, and organize defense in accordance with the regulations, and aviation must also be ready for action from the air.

Organization of airfield air defense

In the struggle for air supremacy, the Air Force will seek to destroy enemy aircraft at its airfields during preparation for a combat sortie, rest or arrival after completing a mission, inflict the greatest defeat on personnel and render the airfield unusable.

The relative vastness of the target makes it possible to use any type of aircraft from various heights for an attack.

Ground attack aviation can fulfill all three tasks, using: a) machine-gun fire, fragmentation and incendiary bombs to destroy materiel; b) explosive bombs large caliber with decelerators from tenths of a second to several hours to destroy the airfield; c) machine-gun fire, small fragmentation bombs and explosive agents to destroy personnel.

Bomber aviation operates over the entire area of ​​the airfield, destroying the airfield and hitting everything on the airfield. Its main means are bombs of all types and calibers.

The possibility of attacking airfields of various types of aviation with action at various altitudes and with the use of various means defeat makes it necessary to use all the means of anti-aircraft defense for defense.

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Aviation. To cover the location of a large formation of various types of aviation, security is organized at the airfield hub own funds aviation connection, and a fighter unit can also stand out. In the latter case, the airfields of the aviation formation are connected with the airfield of the fighter unit.

Flak. Defense of airfields from enemy aircraft attacking from high altitudes(more than 1,000), can be carried out using anti-aircraft artillery.

For the successful defense of the airfield, the allocation of at least one anti-aircraft artillery battalion (3-4 batteries) is required. The idea of ​​​​defense is that enemy aircraft approaching the target, entering the zone of fire of anti-aircraft artillery, immediately fall under probable approaches under two-layer fire (fire of 2 batteries), and approaching the center, fired at three-, four-layer fire (3-4 batteries).

In case of insufficiency of anti-aircraft artillery and the impossibility of covering the entire airfield hub, the main airfield is covered in the first place.

Anti-aircraft guns. During the defense of the airfield anti-aircraft machine guns placed in groups of at least two machine guns. Machine-gun defense pursues the following tasks: a) to prevent aircraft from approaching the vulnerable part of the airfield and b) to prevent shelling or bombarding the target with impunity.

Enemy aircraft can approach the target from any direction, but their approach is most likely from closed or rough terrain. Therefore, machine-gun groups are positioned in such a way as to fire on enemy aircraft, from whichever side they appear; on the most probable directions, the fire of machine-gun groups should be condensed through the interaction of at least two groups; above the target itself (vulnerable area) the fire of machine-gun groups should be the most dense, since here the machine guns will have the greatest possibility of destruction.

It is most expedient to place machine guns on high places (buildings, trees), eliminating the dead spaces that are inevitable when they are installed directly on the ground. For the installation of machine guns on buildings and trees, appropriate sites are being prepared to allow circular firing.

Temporarily inactive aircraft turret machine guns can be brought in to fight the enemy, and the defense of the airfield itself is entrusted to them.

Air communication and observation posts. Timely warning of airfields about an attack by an air enemy is provided by a network of air communication and observation posts of combined arms formations and rear services located along the outer ring from airfields at a distance of 15-20 km.

The posts of aviation units and formations are included in common system Air defense of this area and serve on a common basis.

In the presence of anti-aircraft artillery covering the airfield, the service of air communication posts can be assigned to the observation posts of anti-aircraft batteries. Each battery allocates three observation posts that continuously monitor the air situation. To warn the airfield command post the battalion commander, and, if possible, each battery must have a connection with the central post of the airfield.

Airfield warning is also carried out with the help of shots from batteries.

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Disguise. The camouflage of airfields breaks down into camouflage: a) the airfield; b) the material part; c) personnel; d) signs of airfield life.

The camouflage of existing airfields is complemented by the construction of false airfields.

The following are widely used to mask the airfield of an airfield: field decoration and paint-camouflage - these tools make it possible to give the existing airfield the appearance of a site that is completely unsuitable for flights (pitted with ditches, pits, with sham, easily portable buildings: haystacks, shocks, stumps, etc. .); in winter - covering up traces left by aircraft skis.

Camouflage of the material part (aircraft) can be achieved by using natural shelters (trees, bushes, terrain), camouflage coloring of aircraft, protective painting to match the tone of the terrain (green in the meadow, yellow in the sand, white in winter, etc.) and, finally, by special coatings (massets). It is especially important to cover the shiny parts that give away the aircraft the most.

The camouflage of personnel outside the airfield does not present any particular difficulties, since it is easy to find some natural coverings near the airfield. It is much more difficult to disguise personnel at the airfield. To do this, it is necessary to allocate to each unit a prefabricated place, if possible covered (with trees, bushes, etc.). If such shelters are not available, they are created artificially.

In order to mask the signs of life of an aerodrome, it is necessary to make it look like an unusable site, as indicated above. It is especially important to eliminate traces of crutches at the airfield and mask the access roads to the airfield.

Similarly, it is necessary to mask air defense firing points, personnel quarters outside the airfield and rear facilities. airfield (stocks of fuel, lubricants, bombs, vehicles, etc.). Masking these objects does not present great difficulties, since they are relatively small?! they can always be placed in sheltered places.

Selection and preparation of field airfields and landing sites

Selection and preparation of field airfields and landing sites for military and light army combat aviation in most cases of aviation interaction with ground forces are the responsibility of the command of these troops.

The responsible executor for the selection of advanced airfields and landing sites will be the headquarters of the combined arms formation, in cooperation with which or as part of which aviation operates.

The technical executor will be one of the headquarters commanders or the commander of the engineering troops of the given formation.

The preparation of field airfields is carried out by sapper units of a given formation using military and working units or local residents as labor force.

Places for airfields are selected in advance according to military-geographical and aerographic descriptions of the given area and large-scale maps. Then, map data and aerographic descriptions are refined by reconnaissance from aircraft, and special reconnaissance teams are sent to make a final decision on the suitability of a given area of ​​terrain under the airfield.

Airfield Requirements

The general requirements for an aerodrome are:

a) sufficient size;

b) adequate preparation of the aerodrome surface;

c) the presence of free approaches from the air in the direction of landing or take-off, i.e. the absence of any vertical obstacles (houses, trees, high factory chimneys, etc.) in the path of an aircraft landing or taking off.

The direction of takeoff and landing of an aircraft depends on the direction of the wind. For each area there are prevailing winds(repeating in direction), which should be taken into account when choosing an aerodrome.

Linear dimensions of airfields. The linear dimensions of airfields depend on the number and type of aircraft and the nature of the flight operation of aircraft and units using a given airfield or landing site.

Relief. The surface of the aerodrome should be as level as possible. Slopes of 0.01-0.02 with a length of at least 100 m are allowed smoothly passing, without steps and springboards; more frequent and abrupt surface changes are dangerous when high speeds aircraft mileage.

Local obstacles (bumps, hollows, ditches, borders, furrows, bumps, pits, individual stones, bushes, stumps, pillars) must be eliminated.

It is advisable to avoid lowlands and hollows for. location of the airfield (subsoil waters).

Soil and vegetation cover. The soil should be dense, but elastic and absorb moisture well.

Unsuitable: swampy and very rocky.

Undesirable: sandy and clay.

Desirable: meadow areas with sandy loamy and podzolic soil, with a grassy, ​​rooty vegetation cover that protects against erosion, liquefaction and dust formation, but does not interfere with the operation of aircraft with its density and height. It is possible to use grain fields, provided that grains that have reached a height of 30 cm are removed, and with an appropriate soil density.

Aerodrome rules

The airfield should not be flooded with water and swamp (atmospheric and groundwater). General state cover<5очей площади полевого аэродрома должно допускать продвижение груженого полуторатонного автомобиля со скоростью 30- 40 км в час. Гусеничный трактор должен проходить без осадки почвы.

In winter, the airfield must have a flat surface, with a slight snow cover for take-off and landing on wheels, or a thicker and even snow cover without snowdrifts for skiing aircraft. In winter, they can also be used to base aircraft on ski lakes or rivers. In the latter cases, the time allowing such basing is taken into account.

Water sources. Each airfield needs water for various needs (water for radiators, for washing aircraft, for household needs, for extinguishing a fire). Desirable water supply, well or reservoir. For the landing site, you can limit yourself to a water source at a distance of no more than 1% of km from the aircraft parking area.

The quality of water should be close to rain or boiled (no precipitation and heavy salts).

Access roads and communications. The transportation of air cargo by road requires good access roads from the nearest railway stations, settlements and marinas. The conditions for basing aviation units at an airfield hub, combat work in cooperation with troops, the need for constant information about the weather, the timely delivery of the necessary cargo - all this requires a well-developed communication network (telephone, telegraph and radio), which should be taken into account when choosing an airfield.

Placement of materiel, stocks, material and technical means and personnel. The materiel, stocks of combat and logistical equipment and maintenance facilities at field airfields are dispersed using the surrounding terrain, lighting conditions and camouflage. Aircraft are located dispersed along the border of the airfield using adjacent forest groups or bushes at a distance of 150-200 m from each other. Stockpiles of ammunition and fuel are located hidden outside the airfield. The flight and technical staff are located from the airfield at a distance of 3-6 km. Transport, which is mainly intended for internal transportation at the aerodrome, is located in the aerodrome storage area. During flights at the airport there is an on-duty auto-sanitary vehicle with a service staff, the sanitary unit itself is located in the area where the personnel are located.

Breakdown of the airfield. The airfield (working area) for the takeoff and landing of an aircraft must correspond in size to the needs of this type of aviation.

The strip of approaches surrounding the airfield from all sides, or in any case from at least two sides (in the direction of the prevailing winds), must be of the appropriate width.

Preparation of the working area of ​​the airfield

Without preparation of the surface of the airfield, the operation of the airfield and the landing site is impossible.

Preparation consists in planning (eliminating irregularities) and surface treatment as necessary (plowing, harrowing, seeding, rolling and other work).

Large irregularities are cut off, hollows are filled up, small irregularities are leveled, sometimes the entire surface is somewhat loosened, bushes, stumps and individual trees are uprooted, stones are removed, and the entire area is often rolled, and if there is time and need, then it is sown and strengthened with grass cover.

In addition, some airfields will require drainage to deal with groundwater.

Site description. When surveying airfields, you need to answer the following questions:

1) the name of the nearest settlement (distance in kilometers);

2) the nearest railway station or pier (in which direction in relation to the cardinal points, how many kilometers, on which road or river);

3) communication routes leading to the railway station (or wharf) and the nearest settlement; their condition;

4) the dimensions of the site and its outline (linear dimensions - in meters, areal dimensions - in hectares);

6) the nature of the surface (soil, hilly);

7) obstacles on the territory of the site and approaches to it (trees, bushes, stones, stumps, ditches, bumps, buildings, telegraph poles, etc.);

8) the presence of reservoirs (natural and artificial), the quality and quantity of water in them;

9) the nature of the surrounding area (vegetation, surface features, water spaces);

10) availability and capacity of the nearest settlements for the needs of the Air Force;

11) dependence of the site on rains, river floods and snowmelt and for what period;

12) constant communication (radio, post and telegraph office, railway, telegraph, telephone); distance from the site to the nearest communication point;

13) the presence of enterprises and workshops in the area of ​​the site (within a radius of up to 5 km);

14) availability of labor and building materials in the surrounding area;

15) availability and condition of vehicles of the local population;

16) local medical and veterinary points;

17) a list of works necessary to adapt the site for the airfield;

18) other information (political, sanitary).

The latest best military aircraft of the Air Force of Russia and the world photos, pictures, videos about the value of a fighter aircraft as a combat weapon capable of providing "air supremacy" was recognized by the military circles of all states by the spring of 1916. This required the creation of a special combat aircraft that surpasses all others in terms of speed, maneuverability, altitude and the use of offensive small arms. In November 1915, Nieuport II Webe biplanes arrived at the front. This is the first aircraft built in France, which was intended for air combat.

The most modern domestic military aircraft in Russia and the world owe their appearance to the popularization and development of aviation in Russia, which was facilitated by the flights of Russian pilots M. Efimov, N. Popov, G. Alekhnovich, A. Shiukov, B. Rossiysky, S. Utochkin. The first domestic machines of designers J. Gakkel, I. Sikorsky, D. Grigorovich, V. Slesarev, I. Steglau began to appear. In 1913, the heavy aircraft "Russian Knight" made its first flight. But one cannot fail to recall the first aircraft creator in the world - Captain 1st Rank Alexander Fedorovich Mozhaisky.

Soviet military aircraft of the USSR of the Great Patriotic War sought to hit the enemy troops, his communications and other objects in the rear with air strikes, which led to the creation of bomber aircraft capable of carrying a large bomb load over considerable distances. The variety of combat missions to bombard enemy forces in the tactical and operational depth of the fronts led to the understanding of the fact that their performance should be commensurate with the tactical and technical capabilities of a particular aircraft. Therefore, the design teams had to resolve the issue of specialization of bomber aircraft, which led to the emergence of several classes of these machines.

Types and classification, the latest models of military aircraft in Russia and the world. It was obvious that it would take time to create a specialized fighter aircraft, so the first step in this direction was to try to equip existing aircraft with small arms offensive weapons. Mobile machine-gun mounts, which began to equip the aircraft, required excessive efforts from the pilots, since the control of the machine in a maneuverable battle and the simultaneous firing of an unstable weapon reduced the effectiveness of fire. The use of a two-seat aircraft as a fighter, where one of the crew members played the role of a gunner, also created certain problems, because an increase in the weight and drag of the machine led to a decrease in its flight qualities.

What are the planes. In our years, aviation has made a big qualitative leap, expressed in a significant increase in flight speed. This was facilitated by progress in the field of aerodynamics, the creation of new more powerful engines, structural materials, and electronic equipment. computerization of calculation methods, etc. Supersonic speeds have become the main modes of fighter flight. However, the race for speed also had its negative sides - the takeoff and landing characteristics and the maneuverability of aircraft deteriorated sharply. During these years, the level of aircraft construction reached such a level that it was possible to start creating aircraft with a variable sweep wing.

In order to further increase the flight speeds of jet fighters exceeding the speed of sound, Russian combat aircraft required an increase in their power-to-weight ratio, an increase in the specific characteristics of turbojet engines, and also an improvement in the aerodynamic shape of the aircraft. For this purpose, engines with an axial compressor were developed, which had smaller frontal dimensions, higher efficiency and better weight characteristics. For a significant increase in thrust, and hence the flight speed, afterburners were introduced into the engine design. The improvement of the aerodynamic forms of aircraft consisted in the use of wings and empennage with large sweep angles (in the transition to thin delta wings), as well as supersonic air intakes.

Russia's military-industrial complex is one of the most modern in the world, so Russia's military aviation is also one of the most modern on the planet.

The Russian military-industrial complex is capable of producing almost any type of modern military aircraft, including fifth-generation fighters.

Russian military aviation consists of:

• Bombers of Russia
• Russian fighters
• Stormtroopers of Russia
• AWACS aircraft of Russia
• Flying tankers (refuelers) of Russia
• Military transport aircraft of Russia
• Russian military transport helicopters
• Russian attack helicopters

The main manufacturers of military aviation equipment in Russia are PJSC Sukhoi Company, JSC RAC MiG, the Moscow Helicopter Plant named after M. L. Mil, OJSC Kamov and others.

You can see photos and descriptions of the products of some companies at the links:

Let's look at each class of military aircraft with descriptions and photographs.

Bombers of Russia

What is a bomber, Wikipedia will very accurately explain to us: A bomber is a military aircraft designed to destroy ground, underground, surface, underwater objects with bomb and / or missile weapons. .

Russian long-range bombers

Long-range bombers in Russia are developed and produced by the Tupolev Design Bureau.

Long-range bomber Tu-160

The Tu-160, unofficially called the White Swan, is the fastest and heaviest long-range bomber in the world. Tu-160 "White Swan" is capable of developing supersonic speed, not every fighter is able to keep up with him.

Long-range bomber Tu-95

Tu-95 is a veteran of Russian long-range aviation. Developed back in 1955, having gone through many upgrades, the Tu-95 is still Russia's main long-range bomber.

Long-range bomber Tu-22M

Tu-22M is another long-range bomber of the Russian Aerospace Forces. It has variable sweep wings, like the Tu-160, but its dimensions are smaller.

Front-line bombers of Russia

Front-line bombers in Russia are developed and produced by PJSC Sukhoi Company.

Front-line bomber Su-34

The Su-34 is a 4++ generation combat aircraft, a fighter-bomber, although it would be more accurate to call it a front-line bomber.

Front-line bomber Su-24

Su-24 is a front-line bomber, the development of which began in the USSR in the early 60s of the last century. Currently, he is being replaced by the Su-34.

Russian fighters

Fighters in Russia are developed and manufactured by two companies: PJSC Sukhoi Company and JSC RAC MiG.

Su Fighters

PJSC "Company" Sukhoi "delivers to the troops such modern combat vehicles as the fifth generation fighter Su-50 (PAK FA), Su-35, front-line bomber Su-34, carrier-based fighter Su-33, Su-30, heavy fighter Su- 27, Su-25 attack aircraft, Su-24M3 front-line bomber.

Fighter of the fifth generation PAK FA (T-50)

PAK FA (T-50 or Su-50) is a fifth-generation fighter developed by Sukhoi Company PJSC for the Russian Aerospace Forces since 2002. As of the end of 2016, tests are being completed and the aircraft is being prepared for transfer to regular units.

Photo by PAK FA (T-50).

Su-35 is a 4++ generation fighter.

Photo Su-35.

Su-33 carrier-based fighter

Su-33 is a 4++ generation carrier-based fighter. Several of these aircraft are in service with the aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov.

Fighter Su-27

Su-27 is the main combat fighter of the Russian Aerospace Forces. Based on it, the Su-34, Su-35, Su-33 and several other fighters were developed.

Su-27 in flight

MiG fighters

JSC "RSK" MiG "" today supplies the troops with the MiG-31 fighter-interceptor and the MiG-29 fighter.

Fighter-interceptor MiG-31

The MiG-31 is a fighter-interceptor designed to perform tasks at any time of the day and in any weather. The MiG-31 is a very fast aircraft.

Fighter MiG-29

MiG-29 - is one of the main combat fighters of the Russian Aerospace Forces. There is a deck version - MiG-29K.

Stormtroopers

The only attack aircraft in service with the Russian Aerospace Forces is the Su-25 attack aircraft.

Attack aircraft Su-25

Su-25 - armored subsonic attack aircraft. The machine made its first flight in 1975 since then, having undergone many upgrades, it has been reliably fulfilling its tasks.

Russian military helicopters

Helicopters for the army are produced by the Moscow Helicopter Plant named after M.L. Mil and OJSC Kamov.

Kamov helicopters

JSC "Kamov" specializes in the production of coaxial helicopters.

Helicopter Ka-52

The Ka-52 "Alligator" is a two-seat helicopter capable of performing both attack and reconnaissance functions.

Deck helicopter Ka-31

The Ka-31 is a carrier-based helicopter equipped with a long-range radio detection and guidance system, which is in service with the Admiral Kuznetsov aircraft carrier.

Deck helicopter Ka-27

Ka-27 is a multi-purpose carrier-based helicopter. The main modifications are anti-submarine and rescue.

Photo Ka-27PL Russian Navy

Mil helicopters

Mi helicopters are being developed by the Moscow Mil Helicopter Plant.

Mi-28 helicopter

The Mi-28 is a Soviet-designed attack helicopter used by the Russian army.

Mi-24 helicopter

Mi-24 is a world-famous attack helicopter, created in the 1970s in the USSR.

Mi-26 helicopter

The Mi-24 is a heavy transport helicopter, also developed back in Soviet times. At the moment it is the largest helicopter in the world.

Despite all the romanticism of professions, the work of pilots and flight attendants who fly from one country to another is not always beautiful views of the sky, but also hard work. Therefore, even for those who work high above the clouds, comfortable conditions for relaxation are needed. TravelAskу decided to tell you about the life of the crew on board the aircraft.

The most difficult in the work of pilots and stewardesses are non-stop flights, and this is over 15,000 kilometers of distance and more than 18 hours in the air. Few planes are capable of covering such huge distances, so the Boeing 777 and Airbus A340 are responsible for most of the transoceanic destinations.

However, such long flights require solid endurance not only from the equipment, but also from the crew itself. Their work is connected with great responsibility and making important decisions, they should always be calm and cheerful. A separate menu is provided for pilots, so that in the event of food poisoning from one, the other could take control. And of course, the main factor that allows staff to withstand the stress of long-distance flights will be healthy sleep.

There is always one pilot in the cockpit, and a flight attendant in the cabin. At the same time, during the entire flight, both pilots and flight attendants are entitled to up to 5 hours of rest. To make the rest as efficient as possible, airlines try to create all the necessary conditions. Although the crew will not be able to stand up to their full height, but you can stretch out on a soft bed and have a sweet sleep. Depending on the aircraft, the lounge is located under the passenger cabin, above it or in it. Despite the fact that the main goal of all airlines is to create the largest number of seats for passengers, the crew does not have to huddle in cramped quarters either.

For example, on board the Boeing 787, the stewardess lounge is located above the passenger cabin and is equipped with 5 berths. It is called CRC (Crew Rest Compartments).

When creating the project, it all seemed cozier and more colorful.

However, such an arrangement of a place to rest pleases passengers with the spectacular appearance of stewardesses after a rest.

For pilots, similar apartments have been created here.

But in the Airbus A350, the lounges were located under the passenger compartment, but in the latest models, they were moved to the upper part to increase the luggage compartment space.

For pilots, the room provides not only sleeping places, but also sitting ones.

The huge size of the Airbus A380 aircraft, designed for 853 passengers, more sleeping places are already required. The designers decided to use the height of the liner as rationally as possible, so they placed 12 beds, 3 one above the other. It may not be as comfortable as on the Boeing 787, but it gives you the opportunity to stand to your full height.

"Apartments" for pilots in the Airbus A380 are much more convenient - these are single rooms.

The sleeping area of ​​the Boeing 777-200LR is provided for 8 employees. The plane flies on such routes as Johannesburg-, distance - 13,582 kilometers, - Los Angeles, distance - 13,420 kilometers.

The video will tell you more about this airliner.

However, unfortunately, the rest rooms for the crew of transoceanic aircraft are not always so comfortable, there are also such:

The history of military aviation began almost immediately after the first flight of the Wright brothers' American aircraft, which took place in 1903 - after a few years, the military of most armies of the world realized that the aircraft could become an excellent weapon. With the outbreak of the First World War, combat aviation as a branch of service was already quite a serious force - first, reconnaissance aviation was used, which made it possible to obtain complete and operational data on the movements of enemy troops, followed by bombers, first improvised, and then specially built. Finally, fighter aviation was created to counter enemy aircraft. Air aces appeared, about the success of which films were made and newspapers wrote with admiration. Soon the fleet also acquired its own Air Force - naval aviation was born, the first air transports and aircraft carriers began to be built.

Indeed, military aviation proved to be one of the main branches of the military with the outbreak of World War II. The bombers and fighters of the Luftwaffe became one of the main instruments of the German blitzkrieg, which predetermined the success of Germany in the first years of the war on all fronts, and the Japanese naval aviation, as the main striking force of the navy, set the course of hostilities in the Pacific Ocean with an attack on Pearl Harbor. British fighter aircraft were the decisive factor in preventing the invasion of the islands, and Allied strategic bombers brought Germany and Japan to the brink of disaster. The legend of the Soviet-German front was the Soviet attack aircraft.
Not a single modern armed conflict can do without military aviation. So, even in the event of the slightest tension, military transport aircraft carry out the transfer of military equipment and manpower, and army aviation, armed with attack helicopters, provides support to ground troops. Modern aviation technology is developing in several directions. UAVs are increasingly being used - unmanned aerial vehicles, which, like 100 years ago, first became scouts, and now more and more often perform strike missions, demonstrating spectacular training and live firing. However, so far, drones have not been able to completely replace traditional manned combat aircraft, the design of which is now focused on reducing radar visibility, increasing maneuverability and the ability to fly at supersonic cruising speed. However, the situation is changing so rapidly that only the most daring science fiction writers can predict in which direction military aviation will develop in the coming years.
On the Warspot portal, you can always read articles and news on aviation topics, watch videos or photo reviews on the history of military aviation from its inception to the present - about airplanes and helicopters, about the combat use of the air force, about pilots and aircraft designers, about auxiliary military equipment and equipment used in the Air Force of different armies of the world.