What is the automatic ak. All Kalashnikov assault rifles and their performance characteristics. stage: position of parts and mechanisms during loading

WEAPONS DEVICE

The 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle is an individual weapon. It is designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy firepower. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine gun. For shooting and observation in natural night lighting conditions, the AK74N, AKS74N assault rifles are equipped with a universal night shooting sight (NSPU).

For firing from a machine gun, cartridges with ordinary (with a steel core) and tracer bullets are used.

Automatic or single fire is carried out from the machine gun. Automatic fire is the main type of fire: it is fired in short (up to 5 shots) and long (up to 10 shots from a machine gun) bursts and continuously. The supply of cartridges during firing is made from a box magazine with a capacity of 30 rounds.

Sighting range firing at a machine gun is 1000 m. The most effective fire at ground targets: at a machine gun - at a distance of up to 500 m, and at airplanes, helicopters and paratroopers - at a distance of up to 500 m. Concentrated fire from machine guns at ground group targets is conducted at a distance of up to 1000 m .

Direct shot range:

At the machine on the chest figure - 440 m,

According to the running figure - 625 m;

The rate of fire is about 600 rounds per minute.

Combat rate of fire: when firing bursts from a machine gun - up to 100; when firing single shots from a machine gun - up to 40,

The weight of the assault rifle without a bayonet-knife with a plastic magazine loaded with cartridges: AK74 - 3.6 kg; AK74N - 5.9 kg; AKS74 - 3.5 kg; AKS74N - 5.8 kg. The weight of the bayonet-knife with the scabbard is 490 g.

Lids receiver;

shutter;

return mechanism;

Shop.

The machine kit includes: accessory, belt and bag for magazines; in addition, a rifle case with a pocket for a magazine is included in the kit with a folding butt, and a universal night sight is also included in the kit with a night sight.

The principle of operation of automation.

The automatic action of the machine is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore into the gas chamber.

Order incomplete disassembly machine gun (machine gun):

1) Separate the store.

2) Remove the accessory case from the stock socket.

3) Separate the cleaning rod.

4) Separate the muzzle brake compensator from the machine.

5) Separate the receiver cover.

6) Separate the return mechanism.

7) Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt.

8) Separate the bolt from the bolt carrier.

9) Separate the gas tube with the handguard.

Assembly is carried out in the reverse order.

AK74: parts and mechanisms of the machine gun, their purpose; delays in firing, their causes and solutions.

The machine consists of the following main parts and mechanisms:

Barrel with receiver, sighting device, stock and pistol grip;

receiver covers;

Bolt frame with gas piston;

shutter;

return mechanism;

Gas tube with handguard;

trigger mechanism;

Shop.

In addition, the machine has a muzzle brake-compensator and a bayonet-knife.

The barrel serves to direct the flight of the bullet.

The receiver is used to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, to ensure that the bore is closed with a bolt and the bolt is locked. A trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver. The top of the box is closed with a lid.

The receiver cover protects the parts and mechanisms placed in the receiver from contamination.

The aiming device is used to aim the machine when firing at targets at various ranges. It consists of a sight and a front sight.

The buttstock and pistol grip are used for the convenience of the machine gun when firing.

The bolt carrier with a gas piston is used to actuate the bolt and trigger mechanism.

The shutter serves to send the cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.

The return mechanism serves to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position.

The gas tube serves to guide the movement of the gas piston.

The barrel pad serves to protect the hands of the submachine gunner (machine gunner) from burns when firing.

The trigger mechanism is used to release the trigger from the combat cocking or from the self-timer cocking, to strike the striker, to ensure automatic or single fire, to stop firing, to prevent shots when the bolt is unlocked and to set the machine gun (machine gun) to safety.

The fore-end serves for the convenience of action and to protect the hands of the submachine gunner (machine gunner) from burns.

The magazine serves to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver.

The muzzle brake-compensator of the machine serves to increase the accuracy of the battle and reduce the recoil energy.

The bayonet-knife is attached to the machine to defeat the enemy in battle. In addition, it is used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire).

Shooting delays, their causes and solutions.

Parts and mechanisms of the machine gun (machine gun) with proper handling and proper care for a long time work reliably and without fail. However, as a result of contamination of mechanisms, wear of parts and careless handling of the machine gun (machine gun), as well as malfunction of cartridges, delays in firing may occur.

The delay that occurred during firing should be tried to be eliminated by reloading, for which purpose the bolt carrier must be quickly pulled back by the handle to failure, released and continued firing. If the delay is not eliminated, then you need to find out the cause of its occurrence and eliminate the delay, as indicated below.

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Components of the AK-74 assault rifle

and their purpose of the part

CONTENT

1. 1947 KALASHNIKOV AUTOMATIC………………………………...

2. KALASHNIKOV AK-74 AKS-74 AK-74M (USSR - RUSSIA) ………..

CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………………………..

INTRODUCTION

The decision on the need to transfer the main small arms to an intermediate cartridge was made in the USSR during the Great Patriotic War. Such a cartridge was created by 1943, and under it, the development of a whole family of small arms was started, including a self-loading carbine (SKS), an assault rifle and light machine gun(RPD). Several designers and teams were involved in the development of automatic weapons on a competitive basis, and among them was the young sergeant M. T. Kalashnikov, who worked at the Izhevsk Machine-Building Plant (IZHMASH). In 1946, Kalashnikov, along with other participants, submitted his own model of an assault rifle to the competition, where he showed good results. For the second stage of the competition, held in 1947, Kalashnikov pretty much redesigned his machine gun, and in a modified form it was recommended for adoption. After initial military trials in 1949, the Kalashnikov assault rifle was officially adopted as the "7.62mm Kalashnikov assault rifle, model 1947", or simply AK (sometimes also referred to as AK-47).

1. 1947 Kalashnikov assault rifle

Creation

One of the myths associated with the AK says that Kalashnikov "copied" the AK from the German MP-43, also known as the Stg.44. Indeed, at first glance, the external layout of the AK and MP-43 is similar, as is the concept of automatic weapons chambered for an intermediate cartridge. Similar outlines of the barrel, front sight and gas outlet tube are due to the use of a similar gas outlet engine (invented long before Schmeisser and Kalashnikov). The disassembly of the AK and MP-43 differs fundamentally: for the AK, the receiver cover is removed, for the MP-43, the trigger box is folded down on the pin along with the fire control handle. The device for locking the barrel is also different (a rotary shutter for AKs against a skewed shutter for the MP-43) and trigger mechanisms. It is likely that Kalashnikov knew about the MP-43, but it is obvious that when creating his machine gun, he was more guided by other well-known samples and systems. The main merit of Kalashnikov (or rather, of his entire team involved in the development and debugging of the machine gun) is precisely the optimal layout of already known and proven solutions into a single sample that meets the set requirements.

early production version of the AK with a combined stamped/milled receiver

Modified AK arr. 1947 (mid-1950s issue) with a fully milled receiver.

2. KALASHNIKOV AK-74 AKS-74 AK-74M (USSR - RUSSIA)

The development of individual small arms over the past 200 years has been accompanied by a periodic but steady decrease in the caliber of these weapons, associated with the development of technologies in the production of both weapons and ammunition for them. So, by the middle of the 19th century, 0.4 - 0.5 inches (10 - 12.7 mm) was considered a common caliber for long-barreled weapons. In the last twenty years of the 19th century, a transition began to weapons of reduced caliber, usually on the order of 0.3 inches (7.62mm or so, in the 7-8mm range). Already in the first half of the 20th century, repeated attempts were made to further reduce the caliber of weapons to 7 millimeters or less, as well as to reduce the power of regular rifle ammunition, especially after the appearance of automatic weapons. Starting from the Second World War, ammunition of reduced power (intermediate) began to appear in the armies of the world, however, having a standard rifle caliber of 7.62 - 8 mm (German 7.92x33mm, Soviet 7.62x39mm). The Americans were the first to take seriously the problem of reducing the caliber of their rifles, adopting the M16A1 assault rifle in the mid-1960s. As soon as the practical experience of the Americans confirmed the possibility and usefulness of a further reduction in calibers (theoretically, this need had been repeatedly justified before), full-scale work in this direction began in other countries, including the USSR. Since the second half of the 1960s, based on the standard 7.62x39mm cartridge, 5.6mm caliber cartridges have been developed, and by the beginning of the 1970s, a new 5.45mm caliber cartridge was developed, which had an elongated bullet with a combined steel and lead core and a cavity in the nose. starting speed the bullet was about 900 m / s, the total mass of the cartridge is 10.2 grams, 6 grams less than the mass of the cartridge 7.62x39mm (16.2 g), which, with a portable ammunition load of only 8 magazines (240 rounds), gives a weight saving of 1.4 kg. The new cartridge also had a significantly flatter bullet trajectory, which provided a greater range of almost 100 meters for a direct shot. Due to the design features of the bullet, when it hit the body, it should have begun to tumble, inflicting more severe wounds than usual, but according to some reports, this does not always happen.

As the initial weapon for the new cartridge, it was decided to use the Kalashnikov assault rifle and light machine gun already tested and mastered in production and service with the minimum necessary changes, and in the future to develop and adopt a more advanced weapon system for the new cartridge. In 1974, the USSR Armed Forces adopted a 5.45 mm caliber weapon system, consisting of an AK-74 assault rifle (basic version), an AKS-74 assault rifle (version with a folding butt for the Airborne Forces) and an RPK-74 light machine gun. In the late 1970s, the shortened AKS-74U assault rifle was also adopted.

General view of the Kalashnikov assault rifle: a - with a permanent butt (AK-74); b - with a folding butt and an underbarrel grenade launcher (AKS-74); in - with a folding butt, shortened (AKS-74U)

Being an individual weapon, the Kalashnikov assault rifle is designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy fire weapons. Automatic or single fire is carried out from the machine gun. Automatic fire is the main type of fire: it is carried out in short (up to 5 shots) and long (up to 15 shots) bursts and continuously. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine gun. For shooting and observation at night, a night shooting sight is attached to the machine gun. The machine gun can be used in combination with the GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher. The Kalashnikov assault rifle has received wide recognition, it is simple in design and has high combat and operational qualities.

The combat properties of the AK-74 assault rifle:

Barrel caliber, mm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.45

Sighting range, m. . . . . . . . . . . .1000

The initial speed of the bullet, m / s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900

Bullet lethal range, m. . . . . . . . . . 1350

Combat rate of fire, rds / min:

when shooting bursts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . up to 100

when firing single shots. . . . . . . .up to 40

Rate of fire, rds / min. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600

Direct shot range, m:

on the chest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440

running figure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625

Magazine capacity, cartridges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . thirty

Weight with equipped magazine, kg. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6

Weight of a bayonet-knife with a scabbard, g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490

General device. The assault rifle consists of the following main parts and mechanisms: a barrel with a receiver, an aiming device, a butt and a pistol grip; receiver covers; bolt carrier with gas piston; shutter; return mechanism; gas tube with handguard; trigger mechanism; forearm; shop. In addition, the machine has a muzzle brake-compensator and a bayonet-knife. The machine kit includes accessories, a belt and a bag for magazines.

The automatic action of the machine is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore into the gas chamber. When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through the hole in the barrel wall into the gas chamber, presses on the front wall of the gas piston and throws the piston and the bolt carrier with the bolt to the rear position. When the bolt frame moves back, the bolt is unlocked, with its help the sleeve is removed from the chamber and thrown out, the bolt frame compresses the return spring and cocks the trigger.

The main parts and mechanisms of the AK-74 assault rifle: 1 - barrel with receiver, sighting device and butt; 2 - muzzle brake compensator; 3 - receiver cover; 4 - return mechanism; 5 - bolt carrier with a gas piston; 6 - shutter; 7 - gas tube with a handguard; 8 - ramrod; 9 - forearm; 10 - shop; 11 - accessory case; 12 - bayonet

The bolt frame with the bolt returns to the forward position under the action of the return mechanism, with the help of the bolt the next cartridge is sent from the magazine to the chamber and the barrel bore is closed, and the bolt frame removes the self-timer sear from under the cocking of the self-timer trigger. The trigger becomes on a combat platoon. The shutter is locked by turning around the longitudinal axis to the right, as a result of which the lugs of the shutter go beyond the lugs of the receiver.

If the translator is set to automatic fire, then the shooting will continue as long as the trigger is pulled and there are cartridges in the magazine.

If the interpreter is set to single fire, then only one shot will fire when the trigger is pulled; to make the next shot, you must release the trigger and pull it again.

Trunkserves to direct the flight of the bullet. Inside the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to give the bullet a rotational motion.

Barrel: a - general form; b - section of the trunk; 1 - sight block; 2 - coupling; 3 - gas chamber; 4 - gas outlet; 5 - front sight base; 6 - thread; 7 - field; 8 - rifling

Outside, the barrel has a front sight base with a thread for screwing in a muzzle brake-compensator and bushings for firing blank cartridges, a gas outlet, a gas chamber, a coupling, a sight block and a cutout for the ejector hook on the breech section.

Muzzle brake compensatorserves to increase the accuracy of the battle and reduce the recoil energy. It has two chambers: front and rear (with a round hole in them for the bullet to fly out).

Receiverdesigned to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, close the bore with a bolt and lock the bolt. A trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver. The top of the box is closed with a lid.

receiver coverprotects parts and mechanisms placed in the receiver from contamination.

sighting deviceserves to aim the machine at a target when firing at various distances and consists of a sight and a front sight. The sight includes a sight block, a lamellar spring, an aiming level and a collar. On the aiming bar of the sight there is a scale with divisions from 1 to 10 and the letter "P". The numbers on the scale indicate the required firing range in hundreds of meters, and the letter "P" indicates the constant setting of the sight, which corresponds to the sight 3. The front sight is screwed into the slide, which is fixed at the base of the front sight.

Stock and pistol gripprovide comfort when shooting.

Bolt carrier with gas pistondesigned to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism. The shutter serves to send the cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.

Return mechanismdesigned to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position.

Gas tube with handguarddirects the movement of the gas piston and protects the submachine gunner's hands from burns when firing.

With the help of a trigger mechanism, the trigger is released from the combat cocking or from the self-timer cocking, strikes the striker, provides automatic or single fire, and stops firing; in addition, it is designed to prevent shots when the shutter is unlocked and to set the machine to safety.

handguardserves for convenience of actions with the machine gun and for protection of hands of the machine gunner from burns.

Shopdesigned to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver.

Bayonet knifeattaches to the machine to defeat the enemy in battle, and can also be used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire). A scabbard is used to carry a bayonet-knife on a belt. If necessary, they are used together with a bayonet-knife for cutting wire.

live cartridgeconsists of a bullet, cartridge case, powder charge and primer. 5.45mm cartridges are available with regular and tracer bullets. The head of the tracer bullet is painted in green color. To simulate shooting, blank (without a bullet) cartridges are used, which are fired using a special sleeve.

Cartridge: a - cartridge with a bullet with a steel core; b - cartridge with a tracer bullet; c - blank cartridge; g - training cartridge

AK-74M. The newest version, adopted Russian Army in the early 1990s. It differs from the later AK-74s with a side-folding plastic buttstock and a rail for mounting sights on the left side of the receiver.

CONCLUSION

The advantages of AK are known to all. This is exceptional reliability even in the most difficult operating conditions, unpretentious maintenance, ease of use and maintenance, low cost.

In general, the AK can be described as an ideal weapon, which is not surprising - it was created on the basis of a very harsh experience of the Great Patriotic War.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Babak F.K. Fundamentals of small arms / Series: Arsenal. St. Petersburg: Publisher: Polygon, 2003 - 254 p.

2. Blagovestov A. I. That, from which they shoot in the CIS. Handbook of small arms. M.: Harvest, 2004 - 656 p.

3. Volkovsky N. L. Encyclopedia modern weapons and military equipment. M.: AST, Polygon, 2005 - 952 p.

4. Günter Wollert, Rainer Lidshun, Wilfried Copenhagen Small arms today. Illustrated encyclopedia. / Series: Weapons of the XX century. 1945 - 1985. M.: Potpourri, 2003 - 464 p.

5. Zhuk A. B. Encyclopedia of small arms. M.: AST, Ermak, 2004 - 800 p.

6. Hogg Jan. IN., Vicks John WITH. Encyclopedia small weapons. / Military Small Arms of the 20th Century.M.: AST, Astrel, 2005 - 416 p.

This article will discuss weapons with a worldwide reputation, the development of which marked the beginning of a whole era in the field of domestic weapons design. The performance characteristics of the Kalashnikov assault rifle were improved from one model to another, but the principle of operation remained unchanged. The traditions laid down by the creator himself in his model remained inviolable: quality, reliability, simplicity and long service life.

History of creation...

The prerequisites for the development of a new weapon model were the results of a meeting of the technical council at the USSR People's Commissariat in July 1943, where the captured prototype of the German StG-44 and the American M1 Carbine carbine were dismantled.

About a month later, a new experimental cartridge of 7.62 x 41 mm caliber was created, subsequently the cartridge was adjusted, as a result, the caliber was converted to 7.62 x 39 mm.

Later, a number of design competitions were announced, as a result of which the famous machine gun was developed.

In 1947, it was decided to start the production of the machine gun in Izhevsk. And two years later, two samples were put into service: a standard AK with a caliber of 7.62 mm and a model with a folding stock - AKS - of the same caliber.

1959 was marked by the release of a modernized version of the machine. The flaws identified during operation were corrected, on the basis of the already used TKB-517 assault rifle, new performance characteristics of the Kalashnikov assault rifle were compiled and the first machine gun based on AKM was released.

Machine

The Kalashnikov assault rifle, performance characteristics and main parts were refined from one version of the product to another to increase efficiency, reliability and improve quality. However, the design features remained unchanged.

From the moment it entered service, the performance characteristics established at that time became the starting point for the unstoppable development of design ideas. The types and forms of butts, the shape of the handle, the length of the barrel changed. Models of the hundredth series (in addition to the protrusions for mounting the bayonet-knife) have a mounting socket. The fifth generation machine (for example, AK-12) has provisions for mounting various types of equipment, such as optical or collimator sights, laser designators or a flashlight. The quality, purpose, performance characteristics of the Kalashnikov assault rifle are constantly improving.

Purpose of the main parts of the product

Now you should dwell directly on each component in order to make out which part serves what.

Trunk- is intended to set the direction of the bullet's flight directly when fired.

Receiver- acts as a connector for all parts and mechanisms of the machine, ensures that the barrel is closed with a bolt and the latter is locked.

receiver cover- promotes protection internal parts products (placed in the receiver) from contamination and penetration of foreign objects.

sighting device- consists of a front sight and a sight. Designed to point the barrel of the machine gun at the target to produce the most effective shooting.

Butt- Provides comfortable shooting along with the handle.

Bolt frame - actuates the bolt and trigger mechanism. The shutter, in turn, sends the cartridge into the chamber, locks the bore, breaks the capsule shell, removes the sleeve.

Return mechanism- brings the bolt carrier and the bolt to its original (front) position.

Gas tube and handguard- protect the hands of the shooter from burns, and also set the direction of movement of the gas piston.

trigger mechanism- pulls the trigger, which is in the cocked (combat) position. Strikes the striker, thereby providing automatic fire bursts or single shooting. Serves to stop firing, set the safety lock, and also prevents shots when the shutter is locked.

handguard- serves for a convenient girth of the body of the machine gun when firing. Together with a gas tube, it protects the shooter's palm from burns.

Shop- serves for storage and transportation of machine gun cartridges, as well as feeding into the chamber for firing in a different position.

Bayonet knife- in a position attached to the machine gun, it is used in a bayonet attack or any other form of close contact combat. Can be used as a knife, saw and wire cutter.

TTX of the Kalashnikov AK-74 and not only

The modern model of the Kalashnikov assault rifle AK-74M has following characteristics: the weight of the product is 3.6 kg without cartridges, 3.9 kg - equipped, 5.8 kg - without cartridges, but with the NSPUM model installed, the sight of the NSPU-3 type is slightly lighter - only 0.1 kg.

An empty magazine weighs 0.23 kg, and a bayonet-knife without a scabbard weighs only 0.32 kg.

The length of the machine is 940 millimeters, and with an attached bayonet - 1089 mm. With the stock unfolded, this figure already has a value of 943, and with the stock folded - 704 millimeters. With the advent of new models, the performance characteristics of the Kalashnikov assault rifle are undergoing changes.

The barrel length is 415 mm with the installed muzzle brake compensator and only 372 mm without it.

Width is also essential part of performance characteristics Kalashnikov assault rifle. It is 70 millimeters for a standard product. Height - 195 mm.

The principle of operation for all models is the same - the system for removing gases of burnt gunpowder and the rotary shutter - despite the performance characteristics of the Kalashnikov assault rifle changing from one model to another.

5.45 is the caliber of the modern AK-74M.

TTX of the Kalashnikov assault rifle AKS-74U and some interesting things

Folding shortened Kalashnikov assault rifle - this is how the abbreviation of the name of this weapon is deciphered. It is a shortened version of the standard AK-74, designed to conduct combat missions in a small enclosed space: to equip military transport crews in peaceful or combat conditions (for example, BTR-80), crews of various weapons, as well as landing units. It is in service in security structures, has proven itself in those due to its compactness and low weight.

It weighs about 3 kg with cartridges and 2.7 kg without them. The weight of the magazine is 0.21 kg, the mounting of the NSPUM sight weighing 2.2 kg is provided.

The length of the product is 730 mm with the butt unfolded, 490 - respectively, with the butt folded. The length of the barrel itself is 206 mm.

The rate of fire varies from 600 to 700 rounds per second. The effective range is 500 meters, but the effective range is only 300.

A bullet fired from the AKS-74U is capable of developing an initial velocity of 735 m/s.

Features of AKS-74U

In view of the global trend towards the creation of shortened versions of existing assault rifles, the designers of the USSR in the 70s also took care of creating a compact sample of an existing machine gun.

Compared to the original version, "drying" (sometimes there are versions with the letter "h" instead of "w") has the following features:

• a significantly shortened barrel with a mounted muzzle, which in turn serves as a flame arrester;
• the gas-piston rod is shortened by almost half;
• removed the system of slowing down the rate of fire;
• improved bullet flight stabilization system with a shortened barrel.

Advantages

The main feature is the relatively high firing range for of this type weapons. But this is far from the only plus. It should also be mentioned:

• due to its small dimensions, concealed carrying is possible;
• reliable, easy to disassemble, clean and reassemble;
• high penetrating power.

Flaws

Despite the high popularity of the AKS-74U, the product also has a number of disadvantages. Some of them lead to the refusal to use this weapon, some require getting used to. It all depends on the desire and capabilities of the owner.

• First of all, a significantly lower accuracy is noticeable to the naked eye compared to the original version of the product.
• Sighting range is similarly low when compared with the classic version of the machine.
• Low stopping power. This term refers to the parameter of the bullet, which determines the ability of the enemy to take any further actions after being hit by a bullet. In this case, the low rate of this parameter is associated with the use of caliber 5.45.
• The model quickly overheats due to its small size.

Kalashnikov assault rifle in popular culture

In a number African countries newborn boys are given the name "Kalash". There are many versions of this term.

One theory says that it is named after the hero of the film "22 Minutes" - a Somali pirate who helped the main character.

According to another version, it is argued that the name has no semantic link to the Kalashnikov assault rifle, but means something in local dialects.

And there is also a religious interpretation, rooted in totemic religions based on the cult of patron ancestors. Such views are held by about 16% of the population of all of Africa.

According to this interpretation, the Kalashnikov assault rifle is so famous all over the world that it is difficult to name a country that it would not have influenced. In particular, this weapon was also used in a number of armed conflicts and in Africa.

In the end, it got to the point that a number of African tribes who used the famous Kalash identified this weapon with the spirit of a great ancestor, capable of both harming and protecting. Therefore, when a boy was born, and, consequently, a warrior, he was called "Kalash", thus implying that the future protector, support and hope of the whole family is growing.

But this is just one of the theories.

On the albums of many musical groups different directions, images of the Kalashnikov assault rifle are used.

The song "Dragunov" by the Swedish Industrial band Raubtier mentions a Kalashnikov assault rifle in the following context:

Dragunov and Stolichnaya

Smirnoff and Kalashnikoff.

Here is such an unusual application found a Kalashnikov assault rifle. The device, purpose, performance characteristics are not involved in any way.

"Kalashnikov" on the coats of arms of the countries of the world

The famous automaton is present or was present in different time on the coats of arms of several countries. For example, it is used on the coat of arms and (with an attached bayonet-knife) in the heraldry of the state of Zimbabwe, Burkina Faso from 1987 to 1997.

Since 2007, the outline of "Kalash" has been used on the coat of arms of East Timor.

Also used in the emblem of the "Vanguard of the Red Youth" - a communist Bolshevik organization, common in the states of the former USSR.

The coat of arms of the Ukrainian volunteer paramilitary association, formed to eliminate a local conflict on the territory of Donbass, also includes a Kalashnikov assault rifle.

Even during the First World War, it became clear that the fire density of the rifle squad, created with the help of rifles and carbines, was insufficient.

There was a need for individual infantry soldiers to have personal rapid-fire weapons.

This problem was solved with the creation of submachine guns and machine guns. Second World War spawned many various designs automatic weapons, among which it should be noted.

However, by the end of the war, there was a need to create a new weapon, which was solved by the introduction of the Kalashnikov assault rifle.

How did the first Kalashnikov assault rifle appear?

In 1943, the Technical Council conducted a study of the German machine gun MKb.42 (H), created under the Wehrmacht cartridge 7.92 × 33 mm. The German experience and the experience of the American designers who created the M1 Carbine carbine were recognized as successful.

Before Soviet designers the question of creating a similar weapon was raised.

After several attempts to create a universal cartridge, the specialists settled on the 7.62 × 39 caliber. Its creators were the designers N.M. Elizarov and B.V. Semin. Under this cartridge, the designer Sudayev developed the AS-44 assault rifle, which went into a small series.

The assault rifle passed army tests, but the military recommended that the design be finalized by reducing the overall weight of the assault rifle. The death of Sudayev stopped work on this design.

The need to create weapons required a new round of the competition, in which in 1946 the first Kalashnikov assault rifle was shown. Following the results of two stages, this machine was declared unusable, but the designer managed to achieve the right to refine it.

After completion in 1947, the machine still did not meet the necessary requirements, but it was better than the others presented in the competition.

Kalashnikov was sent to Izhevsk, where, after refinement, the famous machine gun of the 1947 model of the year appeared, which determined the development of automatic weapons on the planet for decades.

The question of who invented the Kalashnikov assault rifle does not have such an unambiguous answer as it seems.

It is hard to believe that a not very literate Komsomol member was able to create an effective military weapon.

Designer Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov claimed that the idea of ​​​​creating a new machine gun came to him after reading a book about small arms. But it is one thing to think, and quite another to create it.

On the other hand, as a Komsomol leader, Mikhail Timofeevich was quite suitable for the role of a wedding general.

Recall that this was Alexei Stakhanov earlier, to whom the entire production of the brigade was recorded.

layout diagram and technical solutions used in the Ak-47 Kalashnikov assault rifle are in many ways similar to the German submachine gun, as well as the MP-40 created by a group of German specialists.

Automatic model 1946

The Kalashnikov AK-46 assault rifle itself was a very crude and intermediate version.

It was rather a transitional model from the Shpagin submachine gun, which was most common at that time in the Soviet (Red) Army, to the weapon that became familiar to everyone under the name AK-47.

It contained many shortcomings, but it was a necessary step towards the subsequent constructive breakthrough. Consider this weapon in more detail.

What was the scheme and device

Since the original automaton was quite different from the sample we are used to, it is interesting to know what these differences were:

1. The cocking handle was located on the left, not on the right. The location was changed at the suggestion of the state commission, since when crawling, the handle would rest against the stomach;
2. The presence of a separate fuse;
3. The lever for transferring fire from single to firing bursts was a separate device;
4. Folding trigger mechanism on a hairpin.

The bolt carrier with a rigidly fixed gas piston appeared during refinement at the Kovrov plant before the second round of the competition.

Her appearance dramatically improved the tactical specifications, so to the question of how the Kalashnikov assault rifle works, the answer is simple - due to the energy of the discharged powder gases.

A similar device could have been copied from the Bulkin assault rifle that participated in the competition.

The structure of the machine gun for firing in bursts was changed - the fuse was combined with the transfer lever, which greatly simplified the design, making it clearer to the fighters.

What technical characteristics did the AK-46 have

1. Cartridge caliber 7.62 × 41 sample 1943;
2. Barrel 450 mm long;
3. The total length of the machine is 950 millimeters;
4. Magazine with a capacity of 30 rounds + 1 round in the barrel;
5. The mass of the machine without taking into account the mass of cartridges is 4.328 kilograms;
6. Sighting range of 0.8 kilometers.

How the AK-47 and AKS were created

After the second round, held in 1946, the commission made a decision that said that none of the automata submitted for the competition, even after improvements, does not meet the required characteristics.

In terms of performance characteristics (TTX), the automatic machine created by the designer Bulkin came closest to the necessary requirements. However, for reasons of simplicity and affordability of manufacture, and perhaps for some other reasons, it was decided to finalize the Kalashnikov assault rifle.

To bring the weapon to the desired characteristics, the Kalashnikov-Zaitsev design team was sent to Izhevsk. Then a group of well-known German designers worked at the Izhevsk arms factory.

Among them was the famous Hugo Schmeisser, who at one time designed many models of automatic and assault weapons. His weapons were successfully used by the Wehrmacht on various fronts of the Second World War.

It is not known whether the Germans collaborated with the creators of the new machine gun, but it was very different from the one provided earlier.

The machine itself was originally produced with a wooden butt. However, this was inconvenient for special troops, primarily because of the length of the weapon, so a modification was created for them that reduced the dimensions of the product.

The wooden butt was replaced with a metal one, the latter being able to fold. This modification of weapons was called the Kalashnikov folding assault rifle (AKS). It was possible to go into battle with this weapon right after a parachute jump, without laying out the butt.

What performance characteristics did the AK-47 have

Consider the performance characteristics of the Kalashnikov assault rifle of the 1947 model. It should be noted here that the table itself is given for the base model. The folding version practically does not differ from it, with the exception of the mass. It is lighter by 400 grams and shorter by 2 millimeters.

1. The caliber of the weapon is 7.62 mm.
2. The cartridge used for firing is 7.62x39 mm;
3. The total length of the machine is 870 millimeters;
4. The length of the stem part is 415 millimeters;
5. The weight of the machine, excluding cartridges, is 4.3 kilograms;
6. total weight cartridges - 576 grams;
7. Total weight with cartridges - 4.876 kilograms;
8. Maximum firing range - 0.8 kilometers;
9. Rate of fire - 600 rounds per minute;
10. Burst rate - 400 rounds per minute;
11. Rate of fire with single shots - from 90 to 100 rounds per minute;
12. The initial speed of the bullet is -715 m / s (2500 km / h);
13. The number of cartridges in the store - 30 pieces.

How did the modernized Kalashnikov assault rifle (AKM) appear?

In the early fifties, the designer German Korobov presented to the court of specialists and the army leadership new sample infantry weapons automatic TKB-517.

This weapon had better accuracy, less weight compared to the AK-47. The mere fact that the production of TKB-517 was cheaper meant a lot. Considering the best technical and tactical characteristics of the newly presented model, it was clear that the time had come for a new weapon.

However, the army leadership and government Soviet Union decided not to radically change the production technology (as well as to debunk the designer's exaggerated glory) and made it possible for Kalashnikov to modernize his version of the weapon.

This is how the modernized AKM Kalashnikov assault rifle appeared.

In the new version, the buttstock turned out to be slightly raised compared to the original, which brought the point of emphasis of the butt against the shoulder closer to the line of the shot. Sighting range was increased to one kilometer.

In addition, on the basis of AKM, a light machine gun unified with it, called the RPK, was created.

Is it possible to install a bayonet-knife

On the first models of the AK-47, the installation of a bayonet-knife was not provided. This fact indirectly proves the participation of German weapons designers in the work on weapons.

The fact is that during the Second World War, the Nazi weapons did not provide for the possibility of attaching additional edged weapons. The German infantryman had to be able to use weapons in such a way as to hit the enemy with a bullet.

Infantry soldiers were simply practically not trained in hand-to-hand combat.

However, in the future, AK received a blade two hundred millimeters long, which was attached to the gas chamber. He possessed a double blade and fuller.

The appearance of AKM also changed the design of additional weapons.

Instead of a double blade, a single blade appeared with a file on the other side.

The length of the blade has decreased to 150 millimeters. The bayonet-knife itself received more opportunities for use in the economic field for the needs of the soldier.

How the 1974 AK-74 came about

In the early seventies of the last century, the armies of potential opponents (NATO) began to massively switch in their automatic weapons from the usual rifle caliber to a lightweight unified cartridge with a caliber of 5.56 mm.

There was an urgent need for the armies of the Warsaw Pact countries and the Soviet Union to take a step in the same direction. The 5.45 mm caliber was called to replace the rifle cartridge.

He had sufficient lethal force, but had less weight and was less expensive to manufacture. The total weight of eight wearable ammunition has decreased by 1400 grams.

The new version of the assault rifle has a 100-meter long direct-shot range, a magazine made of durable plastic. Thanks to the new muzzle brake, the grouping and accuracy of combat increased.

What myths and misconceptions are pursued by the Kalashnikov assault rifle

Main myth regarding this type of weapon, it is talk that this machine gun is the best on Earth. In fact, on the planet, and in Russia, there are many types of small arms that are superior in their characteristics to the Kalash, we can recall the same Abakan.

The second myth is that the machine was designed personally by Mikhail Timofeevich. In reality, the help of the designer Zaitsev was simply invaluable, in addition to this, a whole group of designers also worked on the weapon. We cannot exclude the work of German specialists led by Hugo Schmeisser.

Be that as it may, the Kalashnikov assault rifle was, is and will remain a legend glorifying the Russian designers who created one of the most trouble-free assault rifles of the 20th century and, without a doubt, it is the most common.

Kalashnikov is still in service with a huge number of states. It is depicted on the coats of arms of 4 states and the flag of Mozambique. Yes, new weapons are coming, but it is unlikely that anyone else will achieve such mass distribution as the AK.

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The Kalashnikov assault rifle is very popular all over the world. Thanks to the reliability and high performance he became a symbol Soviet weapons. In addition, AK served as the basis for the creation of Saiga carbines, which were highly appreciated by many hunters.

All the technical components of the machine are worthy of attention, but judging by the reviews, the AK-74 trigger mechanism is of greater interest. Information about the device and purpose of the USM of this shooting model is contained in the article.

Acquaintance

The Kalashnikov assault rifle is an individual weapon, with the help of which the manpower of the enemy is destroyed. Also, with the help of AK, enemy fire weapons are disabled. In addition, you can eliminate the enemy hand-to-hand, using a machine gun equipped with a bayonet-knife. It is possible to install night shooting universal sights on the weapon. As ammunition, an ordinary cartridge containing a steel core is used, and options for which tracer bullets are provided. With full ammunition and without a bayonet-knife, the machine gun weighs no more than 3.6 kg. Within one minute, up to 600 shots can be fired from the weapon.

About the main parts and mechanisms

The design of the Kalashnikov assault rifle has the following elements:

• receiver and barrel;
• sights;
• butt;
• pistol grip;
• shutter frame;
• gas piston;
• shutter and return mechanism;
• gas tube and handguard;
• handguard and shop;

The AK-74 is also equipped with a bayonet-knife. The weapon is completed with special accessories, a belt and a bag for ammunition. The rifle unit, for which a folding stock is provided, is supplied with a special case with a pocket for a clip.

About the USM device of the Kalashnikov assault rifle

USM AK-74 consists of the following spare parts:

• spring-loaded sear, providing shooting single;
• trigger;
• spring-loaded triggers and their moderators;
• an interpreter whose task is to change the mode of fire;
• self-timer.

The location of the USM AK-74 was the receiver. The technical unit is fastened using three interchangeable axles.

About purpose

USM AK-74 performs the following functions:

• Removes the trigger from the self-timer or cocking.
• Keeps the trigger cocked.
• Provides automatic or single firing. Also, the trigger mechanism is responsible for the ceasefire.
• With the help of the USM in the AK-74, the drummer is affected.
• Prevents firing if the bolt is not locked.
• Sets an automatic weapon to safety.

About the Kalasha trigger

The impact on the drummer is carried out by means of a spring-loaded trigger. It can be armed and self-timer. Equipped with rectangular ledges, shank, trunnions and holes, which are equipped with the USM AK-74 axle. The trigger is actuated by a mainspring, which is attached to the trunnions and is made in the form of a loop. The second end of the spring is connected to the rectangular ledges on the trigger.

About the trigger retarder

In order to improve the accuracy of the battle during automatic firing, the trigger is slowed down by a special spring-loaded element in the USM AK-74 device, which is called the retarder. It is equipped with a front and rear lugs, a hole for the axle, a spring and a latch that is studded to the rear lugs.

About single shooting

After a shot has been fired, the trigger is moved to the rear position and held with a sear. This element is located on the same axis as the trigger. The sear is equipped with a special cutout for the interpreter sector, a spring and an axial hole. If the interpreter is on safety, its turns are limited due to the cutout.

How is burst firing done?

The trigger is removed from the platoon thanks to the spring-loaded self-timer. With the help of this USM element, trigger release is prevented if the barrel channel of the machine gun is not closed or the shutter is not locked. The self-timer is equipped with:

• A sear with which the trigger is set to the platoon.
• A special lever that rotates the self-timer by a ledge in the bolt carrier when it is in the forward position.
• Spring. It is located on the same axis as the self-timer. The long end of the spring crosses the receiver and winds up in an annular groove on the axles where the self-timer and trigger are located.

About translator

With the help of this element of the trigger mechanism, the machine is set to perform firing in single and bursts. The translator is equipped with special trunnions. Their location was special holes in the receiver. If the translator is in the lower position, the Kalashnikov assault rifle is set to fire single shots. In the middle position - automatic fire. If the translator is moved all the way up, then the AK is set to safety.

Causes of misfires

During the use of the Kalashnikov assault rifle, misfires sometimes occur. In this case, the ammunition is sent to the chamber, the shutter is shifted to the forward position, and after the trigger is released, the shot is not fired. There can be several reasons for misfires. Most likely the cartridge is faulty. Also, the drummer, which is wedged in the bolt, or the trigger mechanism may be faulty. According to experts, misfires occur when the mechanical assembly is dirty or the lubricant has frozen in it. In this case, the machine is recharged. If the delay is repeated again, then disassembling the USM AK-74 can correct the situation. This unit may be broken or completely worn out.

How to remove the mechanical trigger assembly?

Judging by the reviews, some owners of carbines are interested in how to remove the trigger on the AK-74. Disassembly of automatic weapons is carried out as follows:

• First you need to disconnect the clip from the machine. To do this, hold the weapon with one hand by the forearm, grab the magazine with the other and, while pressing the locking latch, gently pull down. The locking bar is equipped with special protrusions that are pressed in with an awl or screwdriver.
• There is a ramrod in a special hole under the barrel of the carbine. It needs to be removed.
• Then the cover is removed from the receiver. guide tube in return mechanism equipped with a small protrusion. To dismantle, you need to press on it, and lift the cover itself.
• After that, you can proceed to extract the shock-return mechanism. This will be easy if his tube is moved forward until its heel goes beyond the longitudinal groove of the box. To get the tube, you need to pry it by the end.
• Detach the shutter frame. The weapon is pre-set for automatic firing. The dismantling of the bolt carrier consists in pulling it all the way, lifting it up and moving it back.
• To remove the shutter, you need to take it back and turn it. If the actions are performed correctly, a protrusion should appear in the groove of the bolt carrier. After that, the shutter is advanced forward and removed. With the help of a special drift, a pin is knocked out, which is necessary to hold the striker on the axis in the ejector, which is also dismantled along with the drummers.
• Before dismantling the gas pipe, the flag that closes it must be set in a vertical position. One end of the tube is connected to the branch pipe. To detach it, you need to pry it over the edge.

How to disassemble trigger in a carbine?

After dismantling the trigger mechanism, you can proceed to disassemble it. Start by separating the trigger. To remove it, you need to press on a special lever in the self-timer.

With the help of any pointed object, the mainspring rises from both edges and winds up with both ends behind the protrusions of the trigger, the axis of which must be shifted to the left. It then rotates until its trunnion is turned towards the chamber. After that, the trigger and the mainspring are removed. After completing these steps, with the help of a punch, they begin to dismantle the trigger and sear. When removing the axis previously shifted to the left, the sear is held in the single firing mode. The self-timer (AC) is also dismantled with a punch, the axis of which, as in the previous case, is shifted to the left before removal. In the course of work, it is necessary to hold the AC and its spring. In the machine for clips with ammunition there is a special opening through which the self-timer is removed. You can start dismantling the translator after it is set perpendicular to the receiver. Before removal, the axis of this element is shifted to the right.