What parts does a Kalashnikov assault rifle consist of. AK74: purpose, combat properties and general arrangement of the machine gun, the principle of operation of automation; order of incomplete disassembly and assembly. About the trigger retarder

Home hallmark appearance"AN-94" is a wide application of plastics (glass-filled, reinforced polyamide). Lodge in classical understanding here it is replaced by a carriage-type casing, inside which a firing unit moves along metal guides, consisting of a barrel connected to the receiver. Inside the box are a bolt carrier with an unusually short bolt and a trigger. Trigger mechanism integrated with the pistol grip and, if necessary, can be easily detached from the general working mechanism. What at first glance seems to be a gas tube with an unusual placement under the barrel, in fact, is a guide lever that supports the barrel when it rolls back according to the principle artillery piece. A regular 40-mm GP-25 grenade launcher is also mounted here with an adapter. It is also noteworthy that the bayonet-knife is not attached in the lower position, like in AK, but on the right side. This is done for reasons of ensuring the simultaneous attachment of both a grenade launcher and a bayonet-knife. In other designs, before installing a grenade launcher, you must make sure that the bayonet is removed. Seconds that are precious to a fighter’s life can be spent on this in battle. In addition, the horizontal position provides greater, compared with the vertical, penetrating power into the intercostal space. In this position, a bayonet-knife can be used not only for stabbing, but also for lateral cutting blows. As for the gas tube, it, as well as the entire firing unit, together with the box, are placed inside the casing. When firing in the casing of the machine, two main movements occur:
- rollback of the barrel connected to the box and
- reciprocating movement of the bolt group.
At the same time, the shutter does not “overrun” the store, as happens in all types of automatic weapons. The design of the machine allows you to supply ammunition in two steps - preliminary removal from the magazine when the frame moves back and chambering into the chamber when it rolls forward after locking the chamber by turning the sliding bolt. In this case, the stroke length of the frame with the shutter barely exceeds the length of the used cartridge. This is another significant difference from the known shooting systems, where the rollback of the bolt group is limited by almost the length receiver. In addition, there is a shock absorber and a buffer inside the casing, which not only effectively dampen the impact of the rolling firing unit against the rear wall of the box, but also set an additional accelerating impulse to return it to its original position. All this is calculated to ensure a high rate of fire.
And here we come to the main advantage of Nikonov's sample! The machine has three modes of fire: single, short burst with a cut-off of two shots and automatic. But this is not the main thing. And the main thing is that the machine in the short burst mode of two shots and the first two shots of fully automatic fire gives 1800 (!) Rounds per minute at a high rate. When firing with automatic fire, the weapon independently, without additional manipulations, goes into a normal rate of 600 rounds per minute, i.e. the rate of fire of the Kalashnikov assault rifle. And such a cycle is repeated each time the next time the shutter is pressed. Considering that during operation the firing unit rolls back, during the rollback time the machine has time to make two cycles at a high rate and only after both bullets have left the barrel, it reaches its extreme rear point, hits the buffer and the shooter feels the summed recoil momentum of the first shots . The offset of the recoil momentum significantly increases the accuracy of shooting and the probability of hitting the target.
I often have to shoot different types new automatic weapon, and when I first took the Abakan into my hands, Nikonov warned me not to “prop up” the weapon with my shoulder, which is sometimes used to compensate for recoil. He said that from such compensation, although the shots were heaped, they fell below the target. And he was right. Surprisingly, Nikonov practically does not feel the recoil momentum! Shooters are well aware of the effect of "bullying" the barrel when firing in long bursts. Here, however, such a phenomenon is practically non-existent. And the point is not only that the design uses an unusually successful two-chamber muzzle brake, which received the name “snail” among Izhmashevsky designers. As we noted above, in all firing modes, the bolt does not run over the magazine. This prevents the firing unit from hitting the rear wall at a normal pace (600 rounds per minute). As a result, the Nikonov surpasses the Kalashnikov by one and a half times in terms of accuracy, and the American M16A2 automatic rifle by 0.5 times. And this despite the fact that, according to objective data, the 5.56 x 45 mm HATO cartridge itself has better accuracy in terms of accuracy than our 5.45 x 39. Thus, Nikonov created such a weapon that, with the existing cartridge model, solely thanks to more advanced of its design, has achieved a sharp improvement in the quality of shooting.
If in 1974 the state made expenses on the development and implementation of the whole “cartridge + weapon” complex, now these expenses have been at least halved. This is the economic contribution of Gennady Nikonov to the treasury of the Fatherland.

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• To form students' understanding of the purpose, combat properties of the AK-74, the arrangement of its parts and mechanisms, as well as the ability and skills in handling weapons.

Lesson objectives:

Educational

• To acquaint students with the purpose, combat properties of the AK-74 and the arrangement of its parts and mechanisms.
• To form ideas about the automatic action of the AK-74 assault rifle.
• To teach how to perform incomplete disassembly and assembly after incomplete disassembly of the AK-74 assault rifle.

Educational

• To develop the intellectual qualities of students, cognitive interest and competence in the field of military training.
• Develop volitional qualities students, independence, the ability to overcome difficulties, using problem situations for this, creative tasks, discussions.

Educational

• To instill in students patriotic qualities, a positive attitude towards military service to inculcate a value attitude towards the Fatherland.

Study questions:

1. Appointment, combat properties, general device AK-74.
2. The order of incomplete disassembly and assembly after incomplete disassembly of the AK-74.
3. The order of operation of parts and mechanisms of the AK-74

Time: 45 minutes.

Location: OBZH office and basic military training.

Method: Formation of new knowledge and skills.

Material support:

1. Guide to the 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle. - M.: Military publishing house, 1976
2. Audiovisual information in the form of slides, video clips.
3. Multimedia console, computer.
4. Handout. - 20 pcs.
5. Training weapon AK - 74 - 20 pcs.

During the classes

I. Introduction

Organizing time.

Homework survey.

During what events in Rus' did the first mention of firearms appear?

Who and in what year invented the best three-line rifle in the world and what was it called?

What are the most famous designers of the Russian and Soviet schools who created first-class models of automatic weapons?

What is the most famous automatic weapon in the world?

Report the topic of the lesson, learning objectives, learning issues to be studied.

II. Main part.

Message: "Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov - an outstanding designer of small arms" Suvorov Kritsky. AND

1st study question

Purpose, combat properties, general arrangement of the AK-74.

The 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle is an individual weapon. It is designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy firepower. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine. For shooting and observation in conditions of natural night illumination, the universal NSPU night shooting sight is attached to the AK 74N assault rifles.

For firing from a machine gun (machine gun), cartridges with ordinary (steel core) and tracer bullets are used.

An ordinary bullet consists of a jacket, a steel core and a lead jacket; tracer - from a shell, a lead core, a cup and a tracer composition; armor-piercing incendiary - from a shell, a tip, a steel core, a lead jacket, a zinc pan and an incendiary composition.

The sleeve serves to connect all parts of the cartridge, to protect the powder charge from external influences and to eliminate the breakthrough of powder gases towards the bolt. It consists of a body, a muzzle and a bottom.

The powder charge serves to communicate translational motion to the bullet. It consists of pyroxylin powder.

Automatic or single fire is carried out from the machine gun. Automatic fire is the main type of fire: it is carried out in short (up to 5 shots) and long (up to 10 shots) bursts and continuously. The supply of cartridges during firing is carried out from a box magazine with a capacity of 30 rounds.

The ability of the AK-74 to hit enemy targets is determined by its combat properties.

Combat properties of AK-74

1. Caliber AK-74 -5.45 mm

2. Sighting range (Distance from departure point to intersection of trajectory with line of sight) shooting from a machine gun - 1000 meters.

3. The most effective fire (the degree of compliance of the firing results with the assigned fire mission):

For ground targets - up to 500 meters

For air targets (for aircraft, helicopters, paratroopers) - up to 500 m.

4. Concentrated fire (fire from several machine guns, as well as fire from one or more subunits directed at one target or part of order of battle enemy) on ground group targets is carried out at a distance of up to 1000 meters.

5. Direct shot range (a shot in which the trajectory does not rise above the aiming line above the target throughout its entire length)

On the chest figure - 440 m.,

According to the running figure - 625 m.

6. The rate of fire is about 600 rounds per minute.

7. Combat rate of fire (the number of shots that can be fired per unit of time with the exact implementation of shooting techniques and rules, taking into account the time required to reload the weapon, adjust and transfer fire from one target to another)

When firing bursts - up to 100 rpm,

When firing single shots - up to 40 rpm.

8. The weight of the machine without a bayonet-knife with an equipped plastic magazine is 3.6 kg., The weight of a bayonet-knife with a sheath is 490 g.

The general arrangement of the AK-74 assault rifle

The machine consists of the following main parts and mechanisms:

1 - a barrel with a receiver, with a trigger mechanism, an aiming device, a butt and a pistol grip; 2 - muzzle brake compensator; 3 - receiver cover; 4 - bolt carrier with a gas piston; 5 - shutter; 6 - return mechanism; 7 - gas tube with a handguard; 8 - handguard; 9 - shop; 10 - bayonet-knife; 11 - ramrod; 12 - accessory case.

Purpose of parts and mechanisms of AK-74:

The barrel serves to direct the flight of the bullet.

The receiver is used to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, to ensure the closing of the barrel with a bolt and locking the bolt.

The cover of the receiver protects the parts and mechanisms of the machine gun placed in the receiver from contamination.

The aiming device serves to aim the machine gun when firing at targets at various distances and consists of a sight and a front sight.

The buttstock and pistol grip provide the convenience of shooting from a machine gun.

The bolt carrier with a gas piston is designed to actuate the bolt and trigger mechanism.

The shutter serves to send the cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.

The return mechanism is designed to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position.

A gas tube with a handguard serves to guide the movement of the gas piston and protect hands from burns when firing.

The trigger mechanism is designed to release the trigger from the combat cocking or from the self-timer cocking, strike the striker, ensure automatic or single fire, stop firing, prevent shots when the bolt is unlocked and for setting the machine to safety.

The handguard serves for the convenience of operating the machine gun and for protecting hands from burns.

The store is designed to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver.

The bayonet-knife is attached to the machine before an attack and serves to defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, and can also be used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire).

Question 1: What is the purpose of the Kalashnikov assault rifle?

Question 2: List the combat properties of the AK-74.

Question 3: What are the main parts and mechanisms of the machine?

4 question: What cartridges are used for shooting from a machine gun?

Question 5: What is the accessory of the machine for and what does it belong to?

2nd study question

The order of incomplete disassembly and assembly after incomplete disassembly of the AK-74.

Disassembly of the machine can be incomplete and complete:

Incomplete - for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the machine;

Full - for cleaning when the machine is heavily soiled, after being exposed to rain or snow, and during repairs.

To disassemble and assemble the machine:

On a table or clean bedding or special table;

Put parts and mechanisms in the order of disassembly, handle them carefully, do not put one part on top of another and do not apply excessive force and sharp blows.

Incomplete disassembly of the AK-74 assault rifle

1. Separate the store.

2. Check if there are any cartridges in the chamber and pull the trigger from the cocking.

3. Remove the accessory case from the stock socket.

4. Separate the cleaning rod.

5. Separate the muzzle brake compensator.

6. Separate the receiver cover.

7. Separate the return mechanism.

8. Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt.

9. Separate the bolt from the bolt carrier.

10. Separate the gas tube with the handguard.

Assembly after incomplete disassembly of the AK-74 assault rifle

1. Attach the gas tube with the handguard.

2. Attach the bolt to the bolt carrier.

3. Attach the bolt carrier with the bolt.

4. Attach the return mechanism.

5. Attach the receiver cover.

6. Pull the trigger from the cocking and put on the safety.

7. Attach the muzzle brake compensator.

8. Attach the cleaning rod.

9. Insert the accessory case into the stock socket.

10. Attach the magazine to the machine.

1 question: What types of AK-74 dismantling exist, and where are they produced?

Question 2: In what sequence is the incomplete disassembly of the AK-74 assault rifle performed?

Question 3: What is the procedure for incomplete assembly of the AK-74 after incomplete disassembly.

3rd study question

The order of operation of parts and mechanisms of the AK-74.

The principle of operation of the AK-74 automation is based on the removal of powder gases through a hole in the barrel with their subsequent action on the piston of the bolt carrier, which, under the influence of these gases, moves away, turning the bolt itself around its axis (the lugs come out of their corresponding grooves), thereby unlocking it and takes him away. Moving back, the bolt reflects the sleeve, and the frame cocks the trigger. Further, under the action of a return spring, the frame with the bolt moves back and forth, pulling out the next cartridge from the magazine and sending it into the barrel, the bolt stops (rests against the barrel). Further movement of the frame leads to the rotation of the bolt stem around the axis, while the lugs enter the reciprocal grooves in the bolt box, as a rule (the trigger is still cocked under the frame). The shutter is locked. The frame stops. If the trigger is released, then the trigger gets on the sear, if not, then the trigger hits the drummer under the action of the mainspring - a shot occurs and everything starts from the beginning ...

Question 1: What is the principle of operation of the parts and mechanisms of the Kalashnikov assault rifle based on?

III. Final part

Evaluation of the activities of students in the lesson, grading with comments.

Homework

Learn the purpose, combat properties, general structure, the order of partial disassembly and assembly after incomplete disassembly, and the operation of parts and mechanisms of the AK-74.

Purpose and combat properties. The 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK-74) is the main type of automatic small arms V Armed Forces Republic of Belarus (Fig. 34).

Rice. 34. General view of the Kalashnikov assault rifle: a - with a permanent butt (AK-74); b - with a folding butt and an underbarrel grenade launcher (AKS-74); in - with a folding butt, shortened (AKS-74U)

Being an individual weapon, the Kalashnikov assault rifle is designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy fire weapons. Automatic or single fire is carried out from the machine gun. Automatic fire is the main type of fire: it is carried out in short (up to 5 shots) and long (up to 15 shots) bursts and continuously. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine gun. For shooting and observation at night, a night shooting sight is attached to the machine gun. The machine gun can be used in combination with the GP-25 underbarrel grenade launcher. The Kalashnikov assault rifle has received wide recognition, it is simple in design and has high combat and operational qualities.

The combat properties of the AK-74 assault rifle:

• Barrel caliber, mm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.45
• Sighting range, m. . . . . . . . . . . .1000
• The initial speed of the bullet, m / s. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 900
• Bullet lethal range, m. . . . . . . . . . 1350

Combat rate of fire, rds / min:

• when shooting bursts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . up to 100
• when firing single shots. . . . . . . .up to 40
• Rate of fire, rds / min. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .600

Direct shot range, m:

• on the chest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
• running figure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625
• Magazine capacity, cartridges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . thirty
• Weight with equipped magazine, kg. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6
• Weight of a bayonet-knife with a scabbard, g. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .490

General device. The machine gun consists of the following main parts and mechanisms (Fig. 35): a barrel with a receiver, sighting device, stock and pistol grip; receiver covers; bolt carrier with gas piston; shutter; return mechanism; gas tube with handguard; trigger mechanism; forearm; shop. In addition, the machine has a muzzle brake-compensator and a bayonet-knife. The machine kit includes accessories, a belt and a bag for magazines.

The automatic action of the machine is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore into the gas chamber. When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through the hole in the barrel wall into the gas chamber, presses on the front wall of the gas piston and throws the piston and the bolt carrier with the bolt to the rear position. When the bolt frame moves back, the bolt is unlocked, with its help the sleeve is removed from the chamber and thrown out, the bolt frame compresses the return spring and cocks the trigger.

Rice. 35. The main parts and mechanisms of the AK-74 assault rifle: 1 - barrel with receiver, sighting device and butt; 2 - muzzle brake compensator; 3 - receiver cover; 4 - return mechanism; 5 - bolt carrier with a gas piston; 6 - shutter; 7 - gas tube with a handguard; 8 - ramrod; 9 - forearm; 10 - store; 11 - accessory case; 12 - bayonet

The bolt frame with the bolt returns to the forward position under the action of the return mechanism, with the help of the bolt the next cartridge is sent from the magazine to the chamber and the barrel bore is closed, and the bolt frame removes the self-timer sear from under the cocking of the self-timer trigger. The trigger becomes on a combat platoon. The shutter is locked by turning around the longitudinal axis to the right, as a result of which the lugs of the shutter go beyond the lugs of the receiver.

If the translator is set to automatic fire, then the shooting will continue as long as the trigger is pulled and there are cartridges in the magazine.

If the interpreter is set to single fire, then only one shot will fire when the trigger is pulled; to make the next shot, you must release the trigger and pull it again.

(Fig. 36) serves to direct the flight of the bullet. Inside the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to give the bullet a rotational motion.

Rice. 36. Barrel: a - general form; b - section of the trunk; 1 - sight block; 2 - coupling; 3 - gas chamber; 4 - gas outlet; 5 - front sight base; 6 - thread; 7 - field; 8 - rifling

Outside, the barrel has a front sight base with a thread for screwing in a muzzle brake-compensator and bushings for firing blank cartridges, a gas outlet, a gas chamber, a coupling, a sight block and a cutout for the ejector hook on the breech section.

Muzzle brake compensator serves to increase the accuracy of the battle and reduce the recoil energy. It has two chambers: front and rear (with a round hole in them for the bullet to fly out).

Receiver designed to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, close the bore with a bolt and lock the bolt. A trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver. The top of the box is closed with a lid.

receiver cover protects parts and mechanisms placed in the receiver from contamination.

sighting device serves to aim the machine at a target when firing at various distances and consists of a sight and a front sight. The sight includes a sight block, a lamellar spring, an aiming level and a collar. On the aiming bar of the sight there is a scale with divisions from 1 to 10 and the letter "P". The numbers on the scale indicate the required firing range in hundreds of meters, and the letter "P" indicates the constant setting of the sight, which corresponds to the sight 3. The front sight is screwed into the slide, which is fixed at the base of the front sight.

Stock and pistol grip provide comfort when shooting.

Bolt carrier with gas piston designed to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism. The shutter serves to send the cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.

Return mechanism designed to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position.

Gas tube with handguard directs the movement of the gas piston and protects the submachine gunner's hands from burns when firing.

With the help of a trigger mechanism, the trigger is released from the combat cocking or from the self-timer cocking, strikes the striker, provides automatic or single fire, and stops firing; in addition, it is designed to prevent shots when the shutter is unlocked and to set the machine to safety.

handguard serves for convenience of actions with the machine gun and for protection of hands of the machine gunner from burns.

Shop designed to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver.

Bayonet knife attaches to the machine to defeat the enemy in battle, and can also be used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire). A scabbard is used to carry a bayonet-knife on a belt. If necessary, they are used together with a bayonet-knife for cutting wire.

live cartridge consists of a bullet, cartridge case, powder charge and primer. 5.45 mm cartridges (fig. 37) are produced with ordinary and tracer bullets. The head of the tracer bullet is painted in green color. To simulate shooting, blank (without a bullet) cartridges are used, which are fired using a special sleeve.

Rice. 37. Cartridge: a - cartridge with a bullet with a steel core; b - cartridge with a tracer bullet; c - blank cartridge; g - training cartridge

1. Tell us about the purpose and combat properties of the Kalashnikov assault rifle.
2. Name the main parts and mechanisms of the machine.
3. What is the purpose of the main parts and mechanisms of the machine?

Introduction

The 5.45-mm Kalashnikov assault rifle is an individual weapon and is designed to destroy enemy manpower. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine gun. For shooting and observation in conditions of natural night illumination, the AK-74N, AKS-74N assault rifles are equipped with a universal night shooting sight (NSPU).

An additional letter at the abbreviated name of the machine means: "H" - with a night sight; "C" - with a folding butt.

For firing from a machine gun, cartridges with ordinary (with a steel core) and tracer bullets are used.

Automatic or single fire is carried out from the machine gun. Automatic fire is the main type of fire: it is short (up to 5 shots) and long - up to 10 shots, in bursts and continuously. The supply of cartridges during firing is made from a box magazine with a capacity of 30 rounds.

Question number 1. The performance characteristics of the AK-74 assault rifle

Ballistic and structural data of the 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK-74 and AKS-74) and the 5.45 mm cartridge for it are shown in Table 1.

Beginning of table 1

Tactical and technical characteristics of the AK-74 assault rifle

End of table 1

Conclusion: in this issue, the ballistic and design data of the 5.45-mm Kalashnikov assault rifle were considered.

Question number 2. The device and purpose of the main elements of the AK-74 assault rifle

The device of the Kalashnikov assault rifle AK-74

The main parts and mechanisms of the machine and its accessories are shown in fig. 1.

Rice. 1. The main parts and mechanisms of the machine and its accessories

The machine consists of the following main parts and mechanisms:

receiver covers;

shutter;

return mechanism;

Shop.

In addition, the machine has a muzzle brake-compensator and a bayonet-knife. The machine kit also includes:

Affiliation;

Shopping bag.

The rifle with a folding butt also includes a case for the rifle with a pocket for the magazine, and the rifle with a night sight also includes a universal night sight.

The purpose of the main elements of the AK-74

2.2.1. Trunk(Fig. 2) serves to direct the flight of the bullet. Inside the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to give the bullet a rotational motion. The gaps between the grooves are called fields. The distance between two opposite fields (in diameter) is called the caliber of the bore. In the machine it is equal to 5.45 mm. In the breech, the channel is smooth and made in the shape of a cartridge case. This part of the channel serves to place the cartridge and is called the chamber. The transition from the chamber to the rifled part of the bore is called the bullet entry.

Rice. 2. Barrel:

A- external view; b- breech section; c - section of the trunk;

1 - threaded part; 2 - pool entrance; 3 - chamber; 4 - carving;

5 - the base of the front sight; 6 - gas chamber; 7 - coupling;

8 - sight block; 9 - notch for the barrel stud

Outside the trunk has:

Thread on the muzzle;

Fly base;

Gas outlet;

gas chamber;

Coupling;

Sight block;

Cutout for the ejector hook on the breech section.

The base of the front sight, the gas chamber and the block of the sight are fixed to the barrel with pins.

The thread (left) on the muzzle serves to screw on the compensator and bushing when firing with blank cartridges. To protect the thread from damage, it is screwed onto the barrel barrel sleeve.

Muzzle brake compensator serves to increase the accuracy of combat when firing bursts from unstable positions (on the move, standing, kneeling). He has cylindrical part for screwing the compensator onto the barrel. At the back of the cylindrical part there is a groove into which the latch enters, holding the compensator on the barrel in a predetermined position. A groove is made inside the protrusion, forming a compensation chamber and a collar. After the bullet leaves the bore, the powder gases, entering the compensation chamber, create excess pressure, which deflects the muzzle of the machine towards the protrusion (left - down). Outside, the ledge has a T-slot for holding the canister cover while cleaning the barrel.

Front sight base(Fig. 3) has:

Emphasis for the ramrod and the handle of the bayonet-knife;

Hole for the front sight;

Front sight safety;

Spring retainer.

Rice. 3. Front sight base with barrel sleeve:

1 - emphasis for a ramrod and a bayonet-knife;

2 - polozok with a front sight; 3 - fuse fuse; 4 - retainer;

5 - barrel sleeve

The latch keeps the sleeve for firing blank cartridges, the compensator and the barrel sleeve, as well as the canister cover from turning when cleaning the barrel bore, from screwing off the barrel.

Gas chamber serves to direct powder gases from the barrel to the gas piston of the bolt carrier.

She has:

Branch pipe with a channel for a gas piston and holes for the exit of powder gases;

Inclined gas outlet;

Emphasis for the handle of a bayonet-knife.

A ramrod is placed in the lug of the stop.

Coupling serves to attach the forearm to the machine. She has:

Forend lock;

Antab for a belt;

Hole for a ramrod.

The barrel is connected to the receiver by means of a pin and is not separated from it.

2.2.2. Receiver(fig. 4) serves for:

Connections of parts and mechanisms of the machine;

Ensuring the closing of the bore with a shutter;

Shutter lock.

Rice. 4. Receiver:

1 - cutouts; 2 - reflective ledge; 3 - bends; 4 - guide ledge;

5 - jumper; 6 - longitudinal groove; 7 - transverse groove; 8 - store latch;

9 - trigger guard; 10 - pistol grip; 11 - butt

A trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver. From above it is closed with a lid.

The receiver has:

1. Inside:

Cutouts for locking the shutter, the rear walls of which are lugs;

Bends and guides for guiding the movement of the bolt carrier and bolt;

Jumper for fastening the side walls;

Protrusion for the hook of the store;

One oval ledge on the side walls to guide the store.

2. Back top:

Longitudinal groove - for the heel of the guide rod of the return mechanism;

Transverse groove - for the cover of the receiver;

Tail with a hole for mounting the butt in the receiver.

3. In the side walls - four holes, three of them for the axes of the firing mechanism, and the fourth for the pins of the translator.

4. On the right wall - two fixing recesses for setting the translator on automatic (AB) and single (OD) fire. The machine with a folding buttstock also has holes for the connecting sleeve and holes for the protrusions of the butt locks.

5. Below - a window for the store and a window for the trigger.

Attached to the receiver is a buttstock, a pistol grip and a trigger guard with a magazine latch.

2.2.3. sighting device serves to aim the machine when firing at targets at various distances. It consists of a sight and a front sight.

Aim(Fig. 5) includes:

Sight block;

leaf spring;

aiming bar;

Clamp.

Sight block It has:

Two sectors to give the aiming bar a certain height;

Eyelets for attaching the aiming bar;

Holes for the pin and the gas pipe contactor;

Inside - a socket for a leaf spring and a cavity for the bolt carrier;

On the back wall there is a semicircular cutout for the receiver cover.

The sight block is put on the barrel and secured with a pin.

leaf spring is placed in the socket of the sight block and holds the aiming bar in the given position.

Rice. 5. Sight:

1 - chapel block; 2 – sector; 3 - aiming bar; 4 - clamp;

5 - mane of the aiming bar; 6 - clamp latch

The aiming bar has:

Mane with a slot for aiming;

Cut-outs to hold the collar in the installed position by means of a latch with a spring.

On the aiming bar there is a scale with divisions from 1 to 10 and the letter "P". The scale numbers indicate firing ranges in hundreds of meters; "P" - permanent setting of the sight, corresponding to sight 3.

Clamp put on the aiming bar and held in position by a latch. The latch has a tooth, which, under the action of a spring, jumps into the cutout of the aiming bar.

front sight screwed into the runner, which is fixed at the base of the front sight. On the track and on the base of the front sight there are risks that determine the position of the front sight.

The latest releases of assault rifles are equipped with devices for shooting at night (self-luminous nozzles). Each device consists of a folding rear sight with a wide slot, mounted on the mane of the aiming bar, and a wide front sight, put on the front sight of the weapon from above. Luminous dots are applied on the rear sight and front sight of the device.

Devices for shooting at night are installed on machine guns when they enter the troops and are not separated from them during operation.

2.2.4. receiver cover(Fig. 6) protects parts and mechanisms placed in the receiver from contamination.

Rice. 6. Receiver cover:

1 – stepped cut; 2 - hole; 3 - stiffening rib

On the right side, it has a stepped cutout for the passage of ejected shells and for the movement of the bolt carrier handle. Behind - a hole for the protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism.

The cover is held on the receiver using a semicircular cutout on the sight block, the transverse groove of the receiver and the protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism.

2.2.5. Stock and pistol grip(Fig. 7) serve for the convenience of automatic operation.

Rice. 7. Stock and pistol grip:

A- permanent butt; b- folding butt;

1 - swivel for a belt; 2 - socket for accessories; 3 - butt plate;

4 - lid; 5 – a spring for pushing out a case with accessories;

6 - pistol grip;

2.2.6. Bolt carrier with gas piston serves to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism (Fig. 8).

Rice. 8. Bolt carrier with gas piston:

1 – shutter channel; 2 - safety ledge; 3 - lowering protrusion

self-timer lever; 4 - a groove for bending the receiver; 5 - handle;

6 - figured cut; 7 - a groove for a reflective protrusion; 8 - gas piston.

The shutter frame has:

Inside - channels for the return mechanism and for the shutter;

Behind - a safety ledge;

On the sides - grooves for the movement of the bolt frame along the limbs of the receiver;

On the right side - a ledge for lowering (turning) the self-timer lever and a handle for reloading the machine gun;

Below - a figured cutout for placing the leading protrusion of the shutter in it and a groove for the passage of the reflective protrusion of the receiver;

In the front is a gas piston.

2.2.7. Gate(fig. 9) serves for:

Sending a cartridge into the chamber;

Closing the bore;

Breaking the capsule;

Extraction from the chamber of the sleeve (cartridge).

The shutter consists of a core, a drummer, an ejector with a spring and an axis, and a stud.

shutter frame It has:

1. On the front cut:

Two cylindrical cutouts for the bottom of the sleeve and for the ejector;

Two lugs that, when the bolt is locked, go into the cutouts of the receiver.

2. Above - a leading ledge for turning the shutter when locking and unlocking.

3. On the left side - a longitudinal groove for the passage of the reflective protrusion of the receiver (the manhole at the end is expanded to ensure the rotation of the bolt when locking).

4. In the thickened part of the shutter frame there are holes for the ejector axis and studs.

5. Inside the channel for placing the drummer.

Rice. 9. Shutter:

A- shutter frame; b- ejector;

1 - cutout for the sleeve; 2 – cutout for the ejector; 3 - leading speech;

4 – an opening for an ejector axis; 5 - combat ledge; 6 - longitudinal groove

for a reflective protrusion; 7 – ejector spring;

8 - the axis of the ejector; 9 - hairpin

Drummer has a striker and a ledge for a hairpin.

Spring ejector serves to extract the sleeve from the chamber and hold it until it meets the reflective ledge of the receiver. The ejector has a hook for gripping the sleeve, a socket for the spring and a cutout for the axle.

Hairpin serves to secure the drummer and the ejector axis.

2.2.8. Return mechanism(Fig. 10) serves to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position.

Rice. 10. Return mechanism:

1 – return spring; 2 - guide rod;

3 - movable rod; 4 – clutch

It consists of a return spring, a guide rod, a movable rod and a clutch.

guide rod has a spring stop at the rear end, a heel with protrusions for connection with the receiver and a protrusion for holding the receiver cover.

Movable rod at the front end has bends for putting on the clutch.

2.2.9. Gas tube with handguard(Fig. 11) consists of a gas tube, front and rear couplings, a handguard and a metal half ring.

Rice. 11. Gas tube with handguard:

1 - gas pipe; 2 - guide ribs for the gas piston;

3 – front coupling; 4 - barrel pad;

5 – back coupling; 6 - protrusion

gas tube serves to guide the movement of the gas piston. It has guide ribs. The front end of the gas tube is put on the branch pipe of the gas chamber.

barrel pad serves to protect the submachine gunner's hands from burns when firing. It has a groove in which a metal half-ring is fixed, which presses the handguard from the gas tube (this eliminates the appearance of the rocking of the lining when the wood dries out).

barrel pad mounted on the gas pipe by means of front and rear couplings; the rear coupling has a protrusion against which it abuts against the gas pipe contactor.

2.2.10. trigger mechanism(fig. 12) serves for:

Release the trigger from the combat cocking or self-timer cocking;

Striking a striker;

Ensuring automatic or single fire;

Cessation of shooting;

To prevent shots when the shutter is unlocked;

To put the machine on the fuse.

trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver, where it is attached with three interchangeable axles, and consists of:

Hammer with mainspring;

trigger retarder with spring;

Trigger;

Whispered single fire with a spring;

Self-timer with spring;

translator.

Hammer with mainspring serves to strike a striker. The trigger has a combat cocking, self-timer cocking, trunnions and a hole for the axis. The mainspring is put on the trunnions of the trigger and acts on the trigger with its loop, and with its ends - on the rectangular ledges of the trigger.

Rice. 12. Parts of the firing mechanism:

A- trigger; b- mainspring; V- trigger; G- whisper of a single fire;

d- self-timer; e- self-timer spring; and- axes; h- the spring whispered a single fire;

And- trigger retarder; To- trigger retarder spring;

1 - combat platoon; 2 - self-timer platoon; 3 - curved ends 4 - a loop;

5 - figured protrusion; 6 - rectangular ledges; 7 - tail; 8 - cutout;

9 - whispered; 10 - lever arm; 11 - latch; 12 - front protrusion

trigger retarder serves to slow down the movement of the trigger forward in order to improve the accuracy of the battle during automatic fire.

He has:

Front and rear protrusions;

Axle hole;

spring;

A latch attached to the rear ledge with a stud.

Trigger serves to hold the trigger on the cocking and

to pull the trigger. He has:

Figured ledge;

Axle hole;

Rectangular ledges;

A tail that holds the trigger on the cocking with a curly ledge.

Single Fire Whisper serves to hold the trigger after a shot in the rearmost position, if the trigger was not released during single fire. It is on the same axis as the trigger.

The sear of a single fire has:

spring;

Axle hole;

The cutout, which includes the sector of the translator when conducting automatic fire and stops the sear.

In addition, the notch limits the sector to rotate forward when the translator is on the safety lock.

Self-timer with spring serves to automatically release the trigger from the self-timer cocking when firing in bursts, as well as to prevent the trigger from being released when the bore is not closed and the bolt is not locked.

He has:

Sear for holding the trigger on the self-timer cocking;

A lever for turning the self-timer with a projection of the bolt carrier when it approaches the forward position;

spring.

On the same axis with the self-timer is its spring. Its short end is connected to the self-timer, and its long end runs along the left wall of the receiver and enters the annular grooves on the axes of the self-timer, trigger and trigger, keeping the axes from falling out.

Translator serves to install the machine:

On automatic fire;

On a single fire;

To the fuse.

It has a sector with trunnions, which are placed in the holes in the walls of the receiver. The lower position of the translator corresponds to setting it to a single fire (OD), the middle position to automatic fire (AB) and the upper position to the fuse.

2.2.11. handguard(Fig. 13) serves for ease of operation and to protect the submachine gunner's hands from burns. It is attached to the barrel from below with a coupling and to the receiver by means of a protrusion that enters the socket of the receiver. In the forearm groove there is a metal gasket to support the barrel, and on the sides there are finger rests. The cutouts on the handguard and handguard form windows for cooling the barrel and gas tube when firing.

Rice. 13. Handguard:

1 - finger rests; 2 - ledge; 3 – cutouts

2.2.12. Shop(Fig. 14) serves to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver.

Rice. 14. Shop:

1 - frame; 2 - lid; 3 - locking bar; 4 - spring;

5 - feeder; 6 - support ledge; 7 - hook

Shop includes:

retaining bar;

spring;

Feeder.

The store case connects all parts of the store. Its side walls have bends to keep the cartridges from falling out and ledges that limit the rise of the feeder. There is a hook on the front wall, and a support ledge on the back, through which the magazine is attached to the receiver. On the back wall of the case at the bottom there is a control hole for determining the completeness of the magazine's equipment with cartridges. The body walls are ribbed for strength. From below the case is closed by a cover. The cover has a hole for the protrusion of the locking bar. A feeder and a spring with a locking bar are placed inside the housing. The feeder is held at the upper end of the spring by means of an internal fold on the right wall of the feeder. The feeder has a protrusion that provides a staggered arrangement of cartridges in the magazine. The locking bar is permanently attached to the lower end of the spring and, with its protrusion, keeps the magazine cover from moving. Some machines have plastic magazines that do not differ from metal ones in terms of design.

2.2.13. Bayonet knife(Fig. 15) is attached to the machine before the attack and serves to defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat. The rest of the time it is used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire). The wires of the lighting network must be cut one at a time, after removing the belt from the bayonet-knife and the pendant from the sheath. When cutting the wire, make sure that your hands do not touch the metal surface of the bayonet-knife and scabbard. Making passages in electrified wire fences with a bayonet-knife is not allowed.

Rice. 15. Bayonet:

1 - blade; 2 - handle; 3 - latch; 4 - ring; 5 - saw; 6 - hole;

7 - cutting edge; 8 - belt; 9 - hook; 10 - safety ledge;

11 – tip screw; 12 - longitudinal grooves

The bayonet-knife consists of a blade and a handle.

The blade has:

cutting edge;

A cutting edge that, in combination with a sheath, is used as scissors;

The hole into which the protrusion is inserted is the axis of the scabbard.

The handle serves for the convenience of action when the bayonet-knife is attached to the machine. The handle has:

1. Front:

Ring for putting on a compensator or barrel sleeve;

The protrusion with which the bayonet-knife enters the corresponding groove on the stop of the front sight base;

Belt hook.

Longitudinal grooves with which the bayonet-knife is put on the corresponding protrusions on the stop of the gas chamber;

Latch;

Safety ledge;

Belt hole;

plastic cheeks;

Belt for easy handling of the bayonet.

2.2.14. Sheath(Fig. 16) are used to carry a bayonet-knife on the waist belt. In addition, they are used together with a bayonet-knife for cutting wire.

Rice. 16. Scabbard:

1 - pendant with carabiners; 2 – plastic case;

3 - protrusion-axis; 4 - emphasis

The scabbard has:

Pendant with two carabiners and clasp;

Ledge-axle;

An emphasis to limit the rotation of the bayonet-knife when it acts like scissors;

Rubber tip for electrical insulation;

Inside the scabbard there is a leaf spring to keep the bayonet-knife from falling out.

Currently, plastic scabbards are made without rubber tips, since plastic is an electrical insulator. In addition, the suspension has been changed, in which the upper carabiner has been replaced with a loop for putting on a waist belt.

Belonging to the machine

Accessory (Fig. 17) is used for disassembly, assembly, cleaning and lubrication of the machine.

Rice. 17. Affiliation:

1 - ramrod; 2 - rubbing; 3 - brush; 4 - screwdriver; 5 - punch; 6 - hairpin;

7 - pencil case; 8 - lid; 9 - oiler

Accessories include:

Rubbing;

Screwdriver;

punch;

Hairpin;

Butter dish.

Ramrod used for cleaning and lubricating the bore, channels and cavities of other parts of the machine.

The ramrod has a head with a hole for a punch, a thread for screwing a wipe or a brush, and a slot for rags or tow.

The ramrod is attached to the machine under the barrel.

Wiping is used to clean and lubricate the bore, as well as the channels and cavities of other parts of the machine.

The brush is used to clean the bore with a special cleaning and lubricating solution.

Screwdriver, drift and hairpin used for disassembly and assembly of the machine. The cutout at the end of the screwdriver is designed for screwing in and unscrewing the front sight, and the side cutout is for fixing the wipe on the ramrod. For ease of use, a screwdriver is inserted into the side holes of the case. When cleaning the bore, a screwdriver is inserted into the case over the head of the ramrod. The pin is used in the assembly of the firing mechanism. It holds the single-fire sear and the trigger retarder with a spring on the trigger.

Pencil case serves to store a wipe, a brush, a screwdriver, a punch and a hairpin. It is closed with a lid.

The case is used as a ramrod clutch for cleaning and lubricating the barrel bore, as a screwdriver handle for screwing in and unscrewing the front sight and for turning the gas tube lock.

The pencil case has:

Through holes into which the ramrod is inserted when cleaning the machine;

Oval holes for a screwdriver;

Rectangular hole for turning the gas tube connector when disassembling and assembling the machine.

The cap is used as a muzzle pad when cleaning the bore. It has a hole to guide the movement of the ramrod, internal protrusions and cutouts for mounting on the compensator or on the barrel sleeve. The side holes on the canister cover are designed for a punch used to remove the canister cover from the barrel or from the canister.

butter dish serves to store lubricant and is carried in the pocket of a shopping bag.

Conclusion: the machine consists of the following main parts and mechanisms:

Barrel with receiver, sighting device, stock and pistol grip;

receiver covers;

Bolt frame with gas piston;

shutter;

return mechanism;

Gas tube with handguard;

trigger mechanism;

Shop.

In addition, the machine has a muzzle brake-compensator and a bayonet-knife. The machine kit also includes: accessories; belt; shopping bag.

Conclusion

The lesson examined ballistic and structural data, the composition and purpose of the main parts and mechanisms of the AK-74 assault rifle.

Questions for self-control

1. List the main performance characteristics AK-74 Kalashnikov assault rifle.

2. List the main parts and mechanisms of the machine.

3. Appointment of the barrel with the receiver and sighting device.

4. Purpose of the receiver cover.

5. The purpose of the bolt carrier with a gas piston and the bolt.

6. The purpose of the return mechanism and the gas tube with the handguard.

7. Appointment of the trigger mechanism.

8. Appointment of the forearm, magazine and accessories.

Literature

1. Manual on shooting. M .: Military Publishing House, USSR Ministry of Defense, 1984. - 344 p.

2. Stepanov I.S. Fire training. Tutorial. M.: "Armpress", 2002. - 80 p.

3. Silnikov M.V., Salnikov V.P. Small arms and ammunition. Tutorial. St. Petersburg: University of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, 2001. - 535 p.

4. Timofeev F.D., Benda V.N. Fire Training: Textbook. S.-Pb.: GUAP, 2004. - 86 p.

5. Fire training - Ed. V.N. Mironchenko - M .: Military Publishing House, 2009 - 416 p.: ill.

6. Posters for fire training. M.: Military Publishing House, 1992

Head of the cycle - senior lecturer

military training center

lieutenant colonel A. Leontiev

Purpose and combat properties. The 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle (AK-74) is the main type of automatic small arms in the Armed Forces of the Republic of Belarus (Fig. 34).

Being an individual weapon, the Kalashnikov assault rifle is designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy fire weapons. Automatic or single fire is carried out from the machine gun. Automatic fire is the main type of fire: it is carried out in short (up to 5 shots) and long (up to 15 shots) bursts and continuously. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine gun. For shooting and observation at night, a night shooting sight is attached to the machine gun. The machine gun can be used in combination with the GP-25 grenade launcher.

The Kalashnikov assault rifle has received wide recognition, it is simple in design and has high combat and operational qualities.

The combat properties of the Ak-74 assault rifle:

Barrel caliber, mm .............................. 5.45

Sighting range, m............. 1000

Muzzle velocity, m/s ..................900

Bullet lethal range, m ........... 1350

Combat rate of fire, rds / min:

when firing in bursts ................... up to 100

when firing single shots ....... up to 40

Rate of fire, rds / min .................... 600

Direct shot range, m:

on the chest figure .......................... 440

on a running figure .......................... 625

Magazine capacity, cartridges .................30

Weight with equipped magazine, kg .............. 3.6

Weight of a bayonet-knife with a scabbard, g ............... 490

General device. The machine gun consists of the following main parts and mechanisms (Fig. 35): a barrel with a receiver, an aiming device, a butt and a pistol grip; receiver covers; bolt carrier with gas piston; shutter; return mechanism; gas tube with handguard; trigger mechanism; forearm; shop. In addition, the machine has a muzzle brake-compensator and a bayonet-knife. The machine kit includes accessories, a belt and a bag for magazines.

The automatic action of the machine is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore into the gas chamber.

When fired, part of the powder gases following the bullet rushes through the hole in the barrel wall into the gas chamber, presses on the front wall of the gas piston and throws the piston and the bolt carrier with the bolt to the rear position.

When the bolt frame moves back, the bolt is unlocked, with its help the sleeve is removed from the chamber and thrown out, the bolt frame compresses the return spring and cocks the trigger.

The bolt frame with the bolt returns to the forward position under the action of the return mechanism, with the help of the bolt the next cartridge is sent from the magazine to the chamber and the barrel bore is closed, and the bolt frame removes the self-timer sear from under the cocking of the self-timer trigger. The trigger becomes on a combat platoon. The shutter is locked by turning around the longitudinal axis to the right, as a result of which the lugs of the shutter go beyond the lugs of the receiver.

If the translator is set to automatic fire, then the shooting will continue as long as the trigger is pulled and there are cartridges in the magazine.

If the interpreter is set to single fire, then only one shot will fire when the trigger is pulled; to make the next shot, you must release the trigger and pull it again.

Trunk(Fig. 36) serves to direct the flight of the bullet. Inside the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to give the bullet a rotational motion.

Outside, the barrel has a front sight base with a thread for screwing in a muzzle brake-compensator and bushings for firing blank cartridges, a gas outlet, a gas chamber, a coupling, a sight block and a cutout for the ejector hook on the breech section.

Muzzle brake compensator serves to increase the accuracy of the battle and reduce the recoil energy. It has two chambers: front and rear (with a round hole in them for the bullet to fly out).

Receiver designed to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, close the bore with a bolt and lock the bolt. A trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver. The top of the box is closed with a lid.

receiver cover protects parts and mechanisms placed in the receiver from contamination.

sighting device serves to aim the machine at a target when firing at various distances and consists of a sight and a front sight. The sight includes a sight block, a lamellar spring, an aiming level and a collar. On the aiming bar of the sight there is a scale with divisions from 1 to 10 and the letter "P". The scale numbers indicate the prescribed firing range in hundreds of meters, and the letter “P” indicates the permanent installation of the sight, which corresponds to the sight 3. The front sight is screwed into the slide, which is fixed at the base of the front sight.

Stock and pistol grip provide comfort when shooting.

Bolt carrier with gas piston designed to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism.

Gate serves to send a cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.

Return mechanism designed to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position.

Gas tube with handguard directs the movement of the gas piston and protects the submachine gunner's hands from burns when firing.

By using trigger mechanism the trigger is released from the combat platoon or from the self-timer platoon, strikes the striker, ensures automatic or single fire, and stops firing; in addition, it is designed to prevent shots when the shutter is unlocked and to set the machine to safety.

handguard serves for convenience of actions with the machine gun and for protection of hands of the machine gunner from burns.

Shop designed to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver.

Bayonet knife attaches to the machine to defeat the enemy in battle, and can also be used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire). A scabbard is used to carry a bayonet-knife on a belt. If necessary, they are used together with a bayonet-knife for cutting wire.

live cartridge consists of a bullet, cartridge case, powder charge and primer. 5.45 mm cartridges (fig. 37) are produced with ordinary and tracer bullets. The head of the tracer bullet is painted green.

To simulate shooting, blank (without a bullet) cartridges are used, which are fired using a special sleeve.

1. Tell us about the purpose and combat properties of the Kalashnikov assault rifle. 2. Name the main parts and mechanisms of the machine. 3. What is the purpose of the main parts and mechanisms of the machine?

Pre-conscription training: a textbook for grades 10-11. institutions of general avg. education with Russian lang. training / V. B. Varlamov. - 3rd ed., revision. and additional - Minsk: Adukatsiya i vykhavanne, 2012. - 328 p. : ill.