How many parts does a Kalashnikov assault rifle have? Kalashnikov assault rifle: performance characteristics, device, modifications. Barrel and receiver

The Kalashnikov assault rifle is the main type of automatic small arms. Created by an outstanding Soviet designer M. T. Kalashnikov. The machine has received wide recognition. It is simple in design and has high combat and operational qualities. On the basis of this machine created and put into service Soviet army Kalashnikov light machine gun (RPK) and other models of small arms with the most effective combat properties.

The honor of superiority in the creation of automatic weapons belongs to our Motherland. The world's first automatic pistol - the prototype of an automatic weapon - was designed by the outstanding Russian gunsmith V. G. Fedorov. A great contribution to the development of automatic weapons was made by V. A. Degtyarev and G. S. Shpagin.

Purpose, combat properties, general device of the machine

The upgraded Kalashnikov assault rifle (Fig. 25) is an individual weapon and is designed to destroy enemy manpower. IN hand-to-hand combat a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine.

From the machine is automatic (AB) or single (OD) fire (shooting with single shots). Automatic fire is the main type of fire. The combat properties of the machine are characterized by the data given in table. 5.

The machine gun consists of the following main parts and mechanisms (Fig. 26): a barrel with a receiver, sighting device and butt; receiver covers; bolt carrier with gas piston; shutter; return mechanism; gas tube with handguard; trigger mechanism; forearm; shop; bayonet-knife. The machine kit includes accessories, a belt and a bag for magazines. The automatic action of the machine is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore to the gas piston of the bolt carrier.

Purpose, arrangement of parts and mechanisms of the machine

Trunk(Fig. 27) serves to direct the Bullet's flight. Inside the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to give the bullet a rotational motion. The gaps between the rifling are called fields, the distance between two opposite fields is called the caliber of the barrel.

In the breech, the bore is smooth, has the shape of a sleeve, this part of the bore is called the chamber. The transition from the chamber to the rifled part of the bore is called the bullet entry.

Outside, the barrel has a thread on the muzzle, the front sight base, a gas chamber, a coupling, a sight block and a cutout for the ejector hook on the breech section.

The communication of the gas chamber with the bore is made through the gas outlet.

Receiver(Fig. 28) serves to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, ensure the closing of the barrel bore with a bolt and lock the bolt. A trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver.

receiver cover(Fig. 29) protects parts and mechanisms of the machine gun placed in the receiver from contamination.

sighting device(Fig. 30) serves to aim the machine when firing at targets at various distances and consists of a sight and a front sight.

The sight consists of a sight block, a leaf spring, an aiming bar and a collar.

The aiming bar has a mane with a slot for aiming and cutouts for holding the yoke in the installed position using a spring latch. On the aiming bar there is a scale with divisions from 1 to 10 and the letter "P". The numbers on the scale indicate the corresponding firing range in hundreds of meters, the letter "P" - the constant setting of the sight, which corresponds to sight 3.

For shooting at night, self-luminous attachments are used (on the mane of the aiming bar and front sight), as well as night sights.

The front sight is screwed into a runner, which is fixed at the base of the front sight. On the strip and on the base of the front sight there are risks that determine the position of the front sight.

Stock and pistol grip provide the convenience of shooting from a machine gun.

Bolt carrier with gas piston(Fig. 31) is designed to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism.

Gate(Fig. 32) serves to send the cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.

Return mechanism (Fig. 33) is designed to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position

Gas tube with handguard(Fig. 34) serves to direct the movement of the gas piston and protect hands from burns when firing.

trigger mechanism(Fig. 35) is designed to release the trigger from the combat cocking or from the self-timer cocking, striking the firing pin, ensuring automatic or single fire, stopping firing, preventing shots when the bolt is unlocked and for setting the machine to safety.

The trigger mechanism consists of a trigger with a mainspring, a trigger retarder with a spring, a trigger, a single-fire sear with a spring, a self-timer with a spring and a translator.

The trigger with a mainspring is designed to strike the drummer. The trigger has a combat cocking, self-timer cocking, trunnions and a hole for the axis. The mainspring is put on the trigger trunnions and with its loop acts on the trigger, and with its ends - on the rectangular ledges of the trigger. The trigger retarder is used to slow down the movement of the trigger forward in order to improve the accuracy of combat during automatic fire. The trigger is designed to keep the trigger cocked and to pull the trigger; single fire whisper - to hold the trigger after firing in the rearmost position, if the trigger was not released during single fire. The purpose of the self-timer with a spring is to automatically release the trigger from the self-timer cocking when firing in bursts, as well as to prevent the trigger from being released when the bore is not closed and the bolt is not locked. The translator serves to set the machine to automatic and single fire or to the fuse.

handguard(Fig. 36) serves for the convenience of operating the machine gun and for protecting hands from burns.

Shop(Fig. 37) is designed to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver.

Bayonet knife(Fig. 38) is attached to the machine gun before an attack and serves to defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, and can also be used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire).

A scabbard is used to carry a bayonet-knife on a waist belt (Fig. 39). If necessary, they are used together with a bayonet-knife for cutting wire.

Disassembly and assembly

The disassembly and assembly of the machine is carried out on the machine table or on a clean bedding. Parts and mechanisms are stacked in the order of disassembly. Handle them carefully, do not put one part on top of another and do not apply excessive force and sharp blows.

Disassembly of the machine can be complete and incomplete. Complete disassembly the machine is made for cleaning when the machine is heavily soiled, after being exposed to rain, sand or snow, when switching to another lubricant and during repairs. In all other cases, incomplete disassembly is performed.

The procedure for incomplete disassembly of the machine

Separate store(Fig. 40). Holding the machine with your left hand by the neck of the butt or fore-end, right hand grab the magazine by pressing the latch with your thumb, move the bottom of the magazine forward and separate it. After that, check if there is a cartridge in the chamber, for which move the translator down, pull the bolt handle back, inspect the chamber, release the bolt handle and pull the trigger from the cocking.

Take out the pencil case with accessories. Drown the cover of the butt socket with the finger of the right hand so that the pencil case comes out of the socket under the action of the spring; open the pencil case and remove the rubbing, brush, screwdriver, punch and hairpin from it. In a machine with a folding butt, a pencil case is worn in the pocket of a shopping bag.

Separate cleaning rod. Pull the end of the ramrod away from the barrel so that its head comes out from under the stop on the base of the front sight (Fig. 41), and remove the ramrod up.

Separate the receiver cover(Fig. 42). Grasp the neck of the stock with your left hand, press the protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism with the thumb of this hand, lift up the back of the receiver cover with your right hand and separate the cover.

Separate return mechanism(Fig. 43). Holding the machine with your left hand by the neck of the butt, with your right hand push forward the guide rod of the return mechanism until its heel comes out of the longitudinal groove of the receiver; lift the rear end of the guide rod and remove the return mechanism from the channel of the bolt carrier.

Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt(Fig. 44). Continuing to hold the machine gun with your left hand, with your right hand pull the bolt carrier back to failure, lift it together with the bolt and separate it from the receiver.

Separate the bolt from the bolt carrier(Fig. 45). Take the bolt carrier left hand with the bolt up, pull the bolt back with your right hand, turn it so that the leading ledge of the bolt comes out of the figured cutout of the bolt carrier, and pull the bolt forward.

Separate the gas tube with the handguard(Fig. 46). While holding the machine with your left hand, with your right hand, put the accessory case with a rectangular hole on the protrusion of the gas tube lock, turn the lock away from you to a vertical position and remove the gas tube from the gas chamber nozzle.

The order of assembly of the machine after incomplete disassembly

Attach the gas tube to the handguard. Holding the machine gun with your left hand, with your right hand push the gas tube with its front end onto the gas chamber nozzle and press the rear end of the handguard against the barrel; turn the contactor towards you until its lock enters the slot on the sight block.

Attach bolt to bolt carrier. Take the bolt carrier in your left hand and the bolt in your right hand and insert it cylindrical part into the channel of the frame; rotate the bolt so that its leading ledge enters the figured cutout of the bolt carrier, and move the bolt forward.

Attach the bolt carrier with the bolt to the receiver. Grasp the neck of the butt with your left hand. Holding the bolt carrier with the bolt in the right hand so that the bolt, pressed with the thumb, is in the forward position, insert the gas piston into the cavity of the sight block and push the bolt carrier forward so that the limbs of the receiver enter the grooves of the bolt carrier, press it with a little effort to the receiver and move forward.

Attach return mechanism. With your right hand, insert the return mechanism into the channel of the bolt carrier; while compressing the return spring, move the guide rod forward and, lowering it slightly down, insert its heel into the longitudinal groove of the receiver.

Attach receiver cover. Insert the receiver cover with the front end into the semicircular cutout on the sight block; press the rear end of the cover with the palm of your right hand forward and downward so that the protrusion of the guide rod of the return mechanism enters the hole in the receiver cover.

Pull the trigger from the cocking and put on the safety. Pull the trigger and raise the translator up to failure.

Attach a cleaning rod.

Put the pencil case in the butt socket(Fig. 47). Put the accessory in the case and close it with a lid, put the case upside down in the butt socket and drown it so that the socket is closed with a lid. In a machine with a folding butt, the pencil case is retracted into the pocket of a shopping bag.

Connect the magazine to the machine. Holding the machine with your left hand by the neck of the butt or fore-end, insert the magazine hook into the receiver window with your right hand and turn the magazine towards you so that the latch jumps over the magazine support ledge.

When assembling the machine, the numbers on its parts are compared with the number on the receiver.

Cartridge device

A live cartridge (Fig. 48) consists of a bullet, a cartridge case, a powder charge and a primer. Cartridges arr. 1943 are issued with ordinary bullets and with bullets special purpose: tracer and armor-piercing - incendiary (Fig. 49). The head parts of special bullets have a distinctive color.

Bullet intended: ordinary - to defeat enemy manpower located openly and behind masks pierced by a bullet; tracer - to defeat enemy manpower, as well as to correct fire and target designation; armor-piercing incendiary - for igniting flammable liquids and destroying enemy manpower located behind light armor covers at ranges up to 300 m. An ordinary bullet consists of a shell, a steel core and a lead jacket; tracer - from a shell, a lead core, a cup and a tracer composition; armor-piercing incendiary - from a shell, a tip, a steel core, a lead jacket, a lead pallet and an incendiary composition.

Sleeve serves to connect all parts of the cartridge, protect the powder charge from external influences and to eliminate the breakthrough of powder gases towards the shutter. It consists of a body, a muzzle and a bottom.

Powder charge serves to communicate translational motion to the pool. It consists of pyroxylin powder.

Capsule designed to ignite the powder charge. It consists of a brass cap, percussion, composition and a foil mug.

Features of the Kalashnikov light machine gun (RPK) device

The Kalashnikov light machine gun (Fig. 50) is the most powerful automatic weapon. It is designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy firepower; its tactical and technical characteristics are given in table. 5. The principle of operation of the RPK and its main parts are similar to the principle of operation and the main parts of A KM.

Unlike the machine gun, the sighting device of the machine gun has a rear sight. It has a mane with a slot for aiming. When making corrections for side wind and side movement of the target, the rear sight mane moves to the right or left with the handwheel. The barrel of a machine gun is somewhat longer than that of an assault rifle. This contributes to the increase initial speed bullets, as a result of which the ranges of a direct shot and actual fire on targets increase.

For convenience when firing, the machine gun has a bipod and a butt (a slightly different device than the Kalashnikov assault rifle). The bipod is not separated from the machine gun.

In case of incomplete disassembly, the machine gun is mounted on a bipod. To do this, holding it with your left hand by the fore-end in a vertical position, with your right hand release the legs of the bipod from the spring fastener; move the bipod away from the barrel so that its legs are hushed up in a fixed position; install the machine gun on the bipod with the muzzle to the left. After assembly, put the machine gun in a vertical position with your left hand; with the right hand, slightly reducing the legs of the bipod, press them against the barrel and secure with a spring clasp.

Questions

1. Tell us about the purpose, combat properties and principle of operation of the Kalashnikov assault rifle.

2. Name the main parts of the machine.

3. Tell us about the purpose and arrangement of parts and mechanisms of the machine.

4. What are the features of the Kalashnikov light machine gun?

5. Perform partial disassembly and assembly of the machine.

The first pancake is lumpy. This saying fully reflects the beginning of the path along which the Kalashnikov assault rifle 47 model passed. In 1946, the Soviet government announced a competition for the development of automatic weapons chambered for 7.62 caliber.

At the first stage of the competition, drawings of the future weapon were presented. Among the many drawings, the commission selected three applicants for further testing, among them were the drawings of Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov.

Kalashnikov assault rifle AK-47 (photo)

The history of the creation of the Kalashnikov assault rifle

“There is a beautiful weapon, so beautiful that you want to take it and hug it”
"Mikhail Kalashnikov - a soldier who can draw"

Suzanne Wiau, 1991

To participate in the second stage, which took place in November 1946, Kalashnikov made 5 samples, called AK-46. Three copies were different properties, AK-47 with a wooden butt and two with a metal folding one. The cocking trigger and the cocking hook were located on the left side of the receiver, there was also a fire mode switch and, separately, a fuse.

The machine consisted of two main parts:

• first- barrel with forearm, receiver and magazine socket;
• second- trigger box with stock, pistol grip and trigger guard.

During assembly, the parts were connected by a pin passing through the holes in the receiver and trigger boxes. When testing the AK-47 without a stock, none of the participants in the competition satisfied the conditions for reliability and accuracy of fire.

All subjects were sent for revision.

AK-46 has undergone a radical redesign.

The cocking hook has been moved to the right side. The fire mode switch and fuse have been combined and also moved to the right side.

When in the "safe" position, the switch closed the cutout on the receiver cover for the movement of the cocking hook and prevented dust and dirt from getting inside. The cover of the receiver began to completely cover the firing mechanism. The stock of the machine gun and the bolt carrier were combined with the stock. The barrel length has been reduced by 80 mm.

In this form, the AK-46 entered the final tests. Thanks to the changes made, it was possible to achieve an increase in the reliability of the weapon, to reduce failures in firing, however, the accuracy of fire remained below the requirements. Despite this, the commission decided to allow the AK-46 to be produced, and in the future to solve the problem with high accuracy of fire.

Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the adoption of the AK-47 and AKS-47

On July 18, 1949, the Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was issued on the adoption of the AK-47 and AKS-47 (with a folding stock). The cost of manufacturing the first batches was very high, since the receiver was made by milling and there was a large percentage of rejects.

In the future, the receiver began to be stamped, which had a positive effect on the cost of production. Changes were regularly made to the design of the AK-47 to improve its performance characteristics. And in 1959, the production of AKM began (Kalashnikov assault rifle AK-47, modernized).

The performance characteristics of the AK-47

AK-47 weight

The first AK-47 models , produced before 1959, were much heavier than subsequent ones. This was due to the manufacturing technology of the receiver.

• weight without bayonet and magazine was 3.8 kg;
• weight with attached empty magazine 4.3 kg;
• weight with equipped magazine - 4.876 kg;
• weight with attached bayonet and equipped magazine 5.09 kg.

AKM had the following weight indicators:

• with an attached empty magazine - 3.1 kg;
• without a bayonet, with an equipped magazine - 3.6 kg (AKMS - 3.8 kg)

Depending on the model of the machine, its weight also changes. Short barrel models are lighter than conventional models. The use of plastic instead of wood in the manufacture of the butt and forearm, as well as the replacement of a steel magazine with a plastic one, greatly facilitated the weight of the machine and its ease of use. However, the AKS47, AKMS models weighed a little more due to the presence of a steel folding stock.

The device of the AK-47 assault rifle

Combat AK-47 consists of the following main parts:

• trunk;
• receiver;
• aiming device;
• receiver cover;
• stock and pistol grip;
• bolt carrier with gas piston;
• gate;
• return mechanism;
• gas tube with handguard;
• trigger mechanism;
• handguard;
• shop;
• bayonet knife.

The modernized AK-47 differs from the design of the AKM and subsequent models in the absence of a muzzle brake compensator, a greater arcuate curvature of the magazine and a low position of the butt heel in relation to the line of the weapon.

Trunk

The barrel is fixedly fixed to the receiver without the possibility of detaching it. The barrel is rifled, with 4 grooves running from left-up-to-right, which serve to impart rotational movement to the bullet. There is a chamber in the breech of the barrel, at the opposite end there is a post with a front sight. In the center of the barrel there is a hole for the removal of powder gases.

Receiver

The receiver is used to collect all parts and mechanisms into a single whole. A trigger mechanism is placed inside the receiver.

sighting device

Serves for pointing the weapon at the target when firing.

receiver cover

Serves for protection internal parts receiver from contamination.

Stock and pistol grip

They serve for the convenience of handling weapons.

Bolt carrier with gas piston

Required to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism

Gate

Sends a cartridge into the chamber, locks the bore during the shot, breaks the primer and removes the cartridge case from the chamber after the shot.

Return mechanism

With the help of a spring, it returns the bolt carrier and the bolt to the forward position.

Gas tube with handguard

The tube serves to guide the movement of the gas piston, and the pad protects the hands from burns.

trigger mechanism

It is placed inside the receiver and serves to release the shutter, strike the drummer. Provides firing in the mode of single fire or firing bursts. Allows you to put the weapon on the safety.

handguard

Protects hands from burns and provides convenience when using weapons.

Shop

It serves to place cartridges in it and feed them into the receiver.

Bayonet knife

In the attached state, it is used to defeat enemy manpower in hand-to-hand combat. In the unfastened state - like a knife.

Operating principle

To understand the principle of operation of the AK-47, it is necessary to learn three stages in the operation of the mechanisms of this machine.

Stage 1: position of parts and mechanisms before loading

The firing mode switch is in the “safe” position and closes the cutout in the receiver cover, along which the bolt hook moves. The gas piston with the bolt carrier and the bolt, under the action of a return spring, are in the extreme forward position. The bore is locked with a bolt. The trigger is in the extreme forward position.

Stage 2: position of parts and mechanisms during loading

To load the weapon, it is necessary to attach the magazine with cartridges, move the fire mode switch to the "automatic fire" position, move the bolt to the rearmost position by hand. In this case, the bolt unlocks the bore, the trigger gets up on the combat trigger.

The bolt pulled back to failure should be released, under the action of a spring it moves forward from its extreme rear position, pushes the upper cartridge out of the magazine with its lower plane, sends it into the bore and locks it there.

Stage 3: making a shot

The shot is fired by pressing the tail of the trigger. The trigger, under the action of the mainspring, strikes the drummer, which breaks the primer of the cartridge with a striker. The energy from the broken primer ignites the gunpowder in the case. From a sharp ignition of gunpowder, the bullet begins to move along the bore. As soon as it passes the gas outlet, part of the energy of the powder gases goes into this hole, where they put pressure on the piston, which moves the bolt carrier back, dragging the bolt along with it.

Moving back, the bolt ejects the empty cartridge case and releases the chamber.

Shots, in the "automatic shooting" mode, will continue as long as the trigger is pulled or until the cartridges run out.

For the production of shots in the mode " single shooting"It is necessary to press the tail of the trigger for each shot.

AK modifications

As already mentioned, in 1949, two types of machine guns were adopted - AK-47 and AKS-47. The second option was supplied with a metal butt folding down.

These modifications were replaced in 1959 by the AKM, a modernized Kalashnikov assault rifle. It was lighter, more reliable and easier to handle. Due to the change in the production technique of the receiver, it is also cheaper.

Which was finalized, which made it possible to improve the characteristics of Kalashnikov in terms of such a parameter as accuracy of fire. A thread appeared at the end of the barrel for installing a compensator or a silencer. A mount for an underbarrel grenade launcher also appeared.

Among the varieties was, as before, the AKS-47 Kalashnikov assault rifle with a folding metal butt. These models, equipped with night vision devices, were called AKMN and AKMSN.

In 1974, the AK-74 chambered for 5.45 mm caliber was adopted. The design of the AK-47 was changed to a smaller caliber cartridge, which had a positive effect on performance characteristics weapons. When firing with a lighter bullet, the vibrations of the weapon decreased, which, along with the use of a new muzzle brake-compensator, increased the accuracy of shooting.

The Kalashnikov assault rifle is the main type of automatic small arms. It was created by the outstanding Soviet designer M. T. Kalashnikov. The machine has received wide recognition. It is simple in design and has high combat and operational qualities. On the basis of this machine gun, the Kalashnikov light machine gun (RPK) and other models of small arms with the most effective combat properties were created and adopted by the Soviet Army.

The honor of superiority in the creation of automatic weapons belongs to our Motherland. The world's first automatic pistol - the prototype of an automatic weapon - was designed by the outstanding Russian gunsmith V. G. Fedorov. A great contribution to the development of automatic weapons was made by V. A. Degtyarev and G. S. Shpagin.

Purpose, combat properties, general device of the machine

The upgraded Kalashnikov assault rifle (Fig. 25) is an individual weapon and is designed to destroy enemy manpower. In hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine gun.

From the machine is automatic (AB) or single (OD) fire (shooting with single shots). Automatic fire is the main type of fire.

General view of the Kalashnikov assault rifle: a - with a wooden butt (AKM);

b - with a folding butt (AKMS)

The combat properties of the machine are characterized by the data given in the table

Purpose, arrangement of parts and mechanisms of the machine

The machine gun consists of the following main parts and mechanisms: 1-barrel with a receiver, sighting device and butt; 2 receiver covers; 3 bayonet-knives; 4-return mechanism; 5 bolt carrier with gas piston; 6-gas tube with handguard; 7-shutter; 8 forearm; 9 store; 10-shock-trigger mechanism. The machine kit includes accessories, a belt and a bag for magazines. The automatic action of the machine is based on the use of the energy of powder gases discharged from the bore to the gas piston of the bolt carrier.

Trunk serves to direct the flight of the Bullet. Inside the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to give the bullet a rotational motion. The gaps between the rifling are called fields, the distance between two opposite fields is called the caliber of the barrel.

In the breech, the bore is smooth, has the shape of a sleeve, this part of the bore is called the chamber. The transition from the chamber to the rifled part of the bore is called the bullet entry.

The communication of the gas chamber with the bore is made through the gas outlet.

Barrel: a - general form; b - breech section; c - section of the trunk; 1 - sight block; 2 - coupling; 3 - gas chamber; 4 - gas outlet; 5 - front sight base; 6 - thread; 7 - chamber; 8 - recess for the barrel stud; 9 - pool entrance; 10 - threaded part; 11 - field; 12 - rifling

Receiverserves to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, to ensure the closing of the bore by the shutter and the locking of the shutter. A trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver.

Receiver: 1 - transverse groove; 2 - longitudinal groove; 3 - limbs; 4 - guide ledge; 5 - jumper, 6 - reflective protrusion; 7 - cutouts; 8 - store latch

receiver coverprotects parts and mechanisms of the machine placed in the receiver from contamination.

Receiver cover: 1 - hole; 2 - stiffeners; 3 - stepped cutouts

sighting device serves to aim the machine gun when firing at targets at various distances and consists of a sight and a front sight.

The aiming bar has a mane with a slot for aiming and cutouts for holding the yoke in the installed position using a spring latch. On the aiming bar there is a scale with divisions from 1 to 10 and the letter "P". The numbers on the scale indicate the corresponding firing range in hundreds of meters, the letter "P" - the constant setting of the sight, which corresponds to sight 3.

Sighting device: a - sight; b - the base of the front sight; 1 - sight block; 2 - leaf spring; 3 - aiming bar; 4 - clamp; 5 - polozok with a front sight; 6 - fuse fuse

Bolt carrier with gas piston designed to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism.

Bolt frame with gas piston: 1 - channel for the shutter; 2 - safety ledge; 3 - protrusion for lowering the self-timer lever; 4 - groove for bending the receiver; 5 - handle; 6 - groove for a reflective protrusion; 7 - curly cut; 8 - gas piston

Gateserves to send a cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.

Shutter: a - shutter frame; b - drummer; in - ejector. 1 - leading ledge; 2 - hole for the ejector axle; 3 - cutout for the ejector; 4 - cutout for the bottom of the sleeve; 5 - combat ledge; 6 - longitudinal groove for a reflective protrusion; 7 - ejector spring; 8 - axis of the ejector; 9 - hairpin

Return mechanismdesigned to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position

return mechanism. 1 - return spring; 2 - guide rod. 3 - movable rod; 4 - clutch

Gas tube with handguard serves to direct the movement of the gas piston and protect hands from burns when firing.

Gas tube with handguard: 1 - gas tube; 2 - guide ribs for the gas piston; 3 - front coupling; 4 - handguard; 5 - rear coupling; 6 - ledge

Stock and pistol gripprovide the convenience of shooting from a machine gun.

trigger mechanism designed to release the trigger from the combat cocking or from the self-timer cocking, striking the firing pin, ensuring automatic or single fire, stopping firing, preventing shots when the bolt is unlocked and for setting the machine gun to safety.

The trigger mechanism consists of a trigger with a mainspring, a trigger retarder with a spring, a trigger, a single-fire sear with a spring, a self-timer with a spring and a translator.

The trigger with a mainspring is designed to strike the drummer. The trigger has a combat cocking, self-timer cocking, trunnions and a hole for the axis. The mainspring is put on the trigger trunnions and with its loop acts on the trigger, and with its ends - on the rectangular ledges of the trigger. The trigger retarder is used to slow down the movement of the trigger forward in order to improve the accuracy of combat during automatic fire. The trigger is designed to keep the trigger cocked and to pull the trigger; single fire whisper - to hold the trigger after firing in the rearmost position, if the trigger was not released during single fire. The purpose of the self-timer with a spring is to automatically release the trigger from the self-timer cocking when firing in bursts, as well as to prevent the trigger from being released when the bore is not closed and the bolt is not locked. The translator serves to set the machine to automatic and single fire or to the fuse.

Bayonet: 1 - blade; 2 - cutting edge; 3 - hole; 4 - saw; 5 - hook; 6 - belt; 7 - latch; 8 - safety ledge; 9 - longitudinal groove; 10 - tip screw; 11 - handle; 12 - ring

A scabbard is used to carry a bayonet-knife on a belt. If necessary, they are used together with a bayonet-knife for cutting wire.

Sheath: 1 - pendant with carabiners; 2 - plastic housing; 3 - emphasis; 4 - protrusion-axis

Back forward

Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

• To form students' understanding of the purpose, combat properties of the AK-74, the arrangement of its parts and mechanisms, as well as the ability and skills in handling weapons.

Lesson objectives:

Educational

• To acquaint students with the purpose, combat properties of the AK-74 and the arrangement of its parts and mechanisms.
• To form ideas about the automatic action of the AK-74 assault rifle.
• Learn how to perform partial disassembly and reassembly after incomplete disassembly AK-74 assault rifle.

Educational

• To develop the intellectual qualities of students, cognitive interest and competence in the field of military training.
• Develop volitional qualities students, independence, the ability to overcome difficulties, using problem situations for this, creative tasks, discussions.

Educational

• To instill in students patriotic qualities, a positive attitude towards military service to inculcate a value attitude towards the Fatherland.

Study questions:

1. Purpose, combat properties, general device AK-74.
2. The order of incomplete disassembly and assembly after incomplete disassembly of the AK-74.
3. The order of operation of parts and mechanisms of the AK-74

Time: 45 minutes.

Location: OBZH office and basic military training.

Method: Formation of new knowledge and skills.

Material support:

1. Guide to the 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle. - M.: Military publishing house, 1976
2. Audiovisual information in the form of slides, video clips.
3. Multimedia console, computer.
4. Handout. - 20 pcs.
5. Training weapon AK - 74 - 20 pcs.

During the classes

I. Introduction

Organizing time.

Homework survey.

During what events in Rus' did the first mention of firearms appear?

Who and in what year invented the best three-line rifle in the world and what was it called?

What are the most famous designers of the Russian and Soviet schools who created first-class models of automatic weapons?

What is the most famous automatic weapon in the world?

Report the topic of the lesson, learning objectives, learning issues to be studied.

II. Main part.

Message: "Mikhail Timofeevich Kalashnikov - an outstanding designer of small arms" Suvorov Kritsky. AND

1st study question

Purpose, combat properties, general arrangement of the AK-74.

The 5.45 mm Kalashnikov assault rifle is an individual weapon. It is designed to destroy manpower and destroy enemy firepower. To defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, a bayonet-knife is attached to the machine gun. For shooting and observation in conditions of natural night illumination, the universal NSPU night shooting sight is attached to the AK 74N assault rifles.

For firing from a machine gun (machine gun), cartridges with ordinary (steel core) and tracer bullets are used.

An ordinary bullet consists of a jacket, a steel core and a lead jacket; tracer - from a shell, a lead core, a cup and a tracer composition; armor-piercing incendiary - from a shell, a tip, a steel core, a lead jacket, a zinc pan and an incendiary composition.

The sleeve serves to connect all parts of the cartridge, to protect the powder charge from external influences and to eliminate the breakthrough of powder gases towards the bolt. It consists of a body, a muzzle and a bottom.

The powder charge serves to communicate translational motion to the bullet. It consists of pyroxylin powder.

Automatic or single fire is carried out from the machine gun. Automatic fire is the main type of fire: it is carried out in short (up to 5 shots) and long (up to 10 shots) bursts and continuously. The supply of cartridges during firing is carried out from a box magazine with a capacity of 30 rounds.

The ability of the AK-74 to hit enemy targets is determined by its combat properties.

Combat properties of AK-74

1. Caliber AK-74 -5.45 mm

2. Sighting range (Distance from departure point to intersection of trajectory with line of sight) shooting from a machine gun - 1000 meters.

3. The most effective fire (the degree of compliance of the firing results with the assigned fire mission):

For ground targets - up to 500 meters

For air targets (for aircraft, helicopters, paratroopers) - up to 500 m.

4. Concentrated fire (fire from several machine guns, as well as fire from one or more subunits directed at one target or part of order of battle enemy) on ground group targets is carried out at a distance of up to 1000 meters.

5. Direct shot range (a shot in which the trajectory does not rise above the aiming line above the target throughout its entire length)

On the chest figure - 440 m.,

According to the running figure - 625 m.

6. The rate of fire is about 600 rounds per minute.

7. Combat rate of fire (the number of shots that can be fired per unit of time with the exact implementation of shooting techniques and rules, taking into account the time required to reload the weapon, adjust and transfer fire from one target to another)

When firing bursts - up to 100 rpm,

When firing single shots - up to 40 rpm.

8. The weight of the machine without a bayonet-knife with an equipped plastic magazine is 3.6 kg., The weight of a bayonet-knife with a sheath is 490 g.

The general arrangement of the AK-74 assault rifle

The machine consists of the following main parts and mechanisms:

1 - a barrel with a receiver, with a trigger mechanism, an aiming device, a butt and a pistol grip; 2 - muzzle brake compensator; 3 - receiver cover; 4 - bolt carrier with a gas piston; 5 - shutter; 6 - return mechanism; 7 - gas tube with a handguard; 8 - handguard; 9 - shop; 10 - bayonet-knife; 11 - ramrod; 12 - accessory case.

Purpose of parts and mechanisms of AK-74:

The barrel serves to direct the flight of the bullet.

The receiver is used to connect the parts and mechanisms of the machine, to ensure the closing of the barrel with a bolt and locking the bolt.

The cover of the receiver protects the parts and mechanisms of the machine gun placed in the receiver from contamination.

The aiming device serves to aim the machine gun when firing at targets at various distances and consists of a sight and a front sight.

The buttstock and pistol grip provide the convenience of shooting from a machine gun.

The bolt carrier with a gas piston is designed to actuate the bolt and trigger mechanism.

The shutter serves to send the cartridge into the chamber, close the bore, break the primer and remove the cartridge case (cartridge) from the chamber.

The return mechanism is designed to return the bolt carrier with the bolt to the forward position.

A gas tube with a handguard serves to guide the movement of the gas piston and protect hands from burns when firing.

The trigger mechanism is designed to release the trigger from the combat cocking or from the self-timer cocking, strike the striker, ensure automatic or single fire, stop firing, prevent shots when the bolt is unlocked and for setting the machine to safety.

The handguard serves for the convenience of operating the machine gun and for protecting hands from burns.

The store is designed to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver.

The bayonet-knife is attached to the machine before an attack and serves to defeat the enemy in hand-to-hand combat, and can also be used as a knife, saw (for cutting metal) and scissors (for cutting wire).

Question 1: What is the purpose of the Kalashnikov assault rifle?

Question 2: List the combat properties of the AK-74.

Question 3: What are the main parts and mechanisms of the machine?

4 question: What cartridges are used for shooting from a machine gun?

Question 5: What is the accessory of the machine for and what does it belong to?

2nd study question

The order of incomplete disassembly and assembly after incomplete disassembly of the AK-74.

Disassembly of the machine can be incomplete and complete:

Incomplete - for cleaning, lubricating and inspecting the machine;

Full - for cleaning when the machine is heavily soiled, after being exposed to rain or snow, and during repairs.

To disassemble and assemble the machine:

On a table or clean bedding or special table;

Put parts and mechanisms in the order of disassembly, handle them carefully, do not put one part on top of another and do not apply excessive force and sharp blows.

Incomplete disassembly of the AK-74 assault rifle

1. Separate the store.

2. Check if there are any cartridges in the chamber and pull the trigger from the cocking.

3. Remove the accessory case from the stock socket.

4. Separate the cleaning rod.

5. Separate the muzzle brake compensator.

6. Separate the receiver cover.

7. Separate the return mechanism.

8. Separate the bolt carrier with the bolt.

9. Separate the bolt from the bolt carrier.

10. Separate the gas tube with the handguard.

Assembly after incomplete disassembly of the AK-74 assault rifle

1. Attach the gas tube with the handguard.

2. Attach the bolt to the bolt carrier.

3. Attach the bolt carrier with the bolt.

4. Attach the return mechanism.

5. Attach the receiver cover.

6. Pull the trigger from the cocking and put on the safety.

7. Attach the muzzle brake compensator.

8. Attach the cleaning rod.

9. Insert the accessory case into the stock socket.

10. Attach the magazine to the machine.

1 question: What types of AK-74 dismantling exist, and where are they produced?

Question 2: In what sequence is the incomplete disassembly of the AK-74 assault rifle performed?

Question 3: What is the procedure for incomplete assembly of the AK-74 after incomplete disassembly.

3rd study question

The order of operation of parts and mechanisms of the AK-74.

The principle of operation of the AK-74 automation is based on the removal of powder gases through a hole in the barrel with their subsequent action on the piston of the bolt carrier, which, under the influence of these gases, moves away, turning the bolt itself around its axis (the lugs come out of their corresponding grooves), thereby unlocking it and takes him away. Moving back, the bolt reflects the sleeve, and the frame cocks the trigger. Further, under the action of a return spring, the frame with the bolt moves back and forth, pulling out the next cartridge from the magazine and sending it into the barrel, the bolt stops (rests against the barrel). Further movement of the frame leads to the rotation of the bolt stem around the axis, while the lugs enter the reciprocal grooves in the bolt box, as a rule (the trigger is still cocked under the frame). The shutter is locked. The frame stops. If the trigger is released, then the trigger gets on the sear, if not, then the trigger hits the drummer under the action of the mainspring - a shot occurs and everything starts from the beginning ...

Question 1: What is the principle of operation of the parts and mechanisms of the Kalashnikov assault rifle based on?

III. Final part

Evaluation of the activities of students in the lesson, grading with comments.

Homework

Learn the purpose, combat properties, general structure, the order of partial disassembly and assembly after incomplete disassembly, and the operation of parts and mechanisms of the AK-74.

Chapter III

PURPOSE, DEVICE OF PARTS AND MECHANISMS OF THE AUTOMATIC (MACHINE GUN) KALASHNIKOV, ACCESSORIES AND CARTRIDGES

Purpose, arrangement of parts and mechanisms of the machine gun (machine gun) Kalashnikov

11. Barrel(Fig. 27) serves to direct the flight of the bullet. Inside the barrel has a channel with four rifling, winding from left to right. The rifling serves to give the bullet a rotational motion. The gaps between the grooves are called fields. The distance between two opposite fields (in diameter) is called the caliber of the bore; for a machine gun (machine gun) it is 5.45 mm. In the breech, the channel is smooth and made in the shape of a cartridge case; this part of the channel serves to place the cartridge and is called the chamber. The transition from the chamber to the rifled part of the bore is called the bullet entry.

Outside, the barrel has a front sight base for a machine gun with a thread (for a machine gun, a thread on the muzzle) for screwing a muzzle brake-compensator on a machine gun (for a machine gun-flash suppressor) and

· at the top rear - grooves: longitudinal - for the heel of the guide rod of the return mechanism and transverse - for the receiver cover; tail with a hole for attaching the butt to the receiver;

· in the side walls - four holes each, three of them for the axes of the firing mechanism, and the fourth for the pins of the translator; on the right wall - two fixing recesses for setting the translator on automatic (AB) and single (OD) fire;

· below - a window for the store and a window for the trigger.

The machine with a folding butt, in addition, has holes for the latch and the latch of the butt (Fig. 33).

The sight block is put on the barrel and secured with a pin.

leaf spring is placed in the socket of the sight block and holds the aiming bar in the given position.

aiming bar has a mane with a slot for aiming and cutouts to hold the collar in the installed position by means of a latch with a spring. On the aiming bar (for a machine gun - from above, for a machine gun - from above and below) there is a scale with divisions from 1 to 10; scale numbers indicate firing ranges in hundreds of meters.

The machine gun, in addition, has the letter “P” on the aiming bar - a permanent setting of the sight, approximately corresponding to sight 4 (firing range 440 m).

At the machine gun, the aiming bar has a socket for the rear sight and at risk; on the wall of the nest of the rear sight there is a scale with ten divisions; each of which corresponds to two thousandths of the firing range.

Rear sightthe machine gun has a mane with a slot for aiming, a screw with a handwheel, a spring, a washer and a pin.

Clampput on the aiming bar and held in position by a latch. The latch has a tooth, which, under the action of a spring, jumps into the cutout of the aiming bar.

front sightscrewed into the runner, which is fixed at the base of the front sight. On the track and on the base of the front sight there are risks that determine the position of the front sight.

Attached to the machine gun (machine gun) device for shooting at night and in conditions of limited visibility(self-luminous nozzles). It consists of a folding rear sight with a wide slot, mounted on the mane of the aiming bar, and a wide front sight, put on top of the front sight of the weapon. Self-luminous dots are applied on the rear sight and front sight of the device.

In the device of the new sample, self-luminous stripes are applied: two horizontally located - on the rear sight and one vertically - on the front sight.

A device for shooting at night is installed on an automatic machine gun (machine gun) and verified when it enters the troops and is not separated from it during operation.

The combat of a weapon when firing with a fixture is basically the same as with an open sight. In the event of a significant deviation of the midpoint of impact in height, it is necessary to fix the weapon in the sighting machine, aim at the target and select the rear sight so that the aiming line with the open sight and the device coincide.

When shooting during the day, the rear sight and front sight of the device recline down. In this position, they do not interfere with the use of the sighting device of the machine gun (machine gun).

When shooting at night and in conditions of limited visibility, the rear sight of the device turns up until it touches the mane of the aiming bar, and the front sight of the device moves up along the spring and is put on the front sight.

15. Stock and pistol grip serve for the convenience of the operation of the machine gun (machine gun) when firing.

The permanent buttstock of the AK74, AK74N assault rifles (Fig. 33) and the RPK74, RPK74N machine guns (Fig. 34) has a swivel for a belt, a socket for an accessory case and a butt plate with a lid over the socket. In the nest of the butt, a spring is strengthened for pushing out the pencil case. The permanent butt of the machine gun can be wooden or plastic (for the machine gun - wooden).

The folding buttstock of the AKS74 and AKS74N assault rifles consists of an upper and lower rod, a butt plate, a clip and a tip, connected into one piece by welding. On the right side of the butt on the clip there is a swivel for a belt. In the folded position, the butt is held by a latch, and in the folded position, by a latch.

To fold the butt, it is necessary to drown the latch (in this case, the latch will disengage from the butt tip) and turn the butt to the left around the axis until the butt is secured with a latch located on the left wall of the receiver.

To recline the butt, you need to take the latch back and turn the butt to the right until it is secured with a latch.

The folding butt of the RPKS74 and RPKS74N machine guns, in addition to the machine gun specified for the permanent butt, has a protrusion for the right butt latch holding the butt in the folded position, lugs for attaching the butt to the receiver, and for the RPKS74N, there is also a recess, which includes a strap for attaching a night sight when the butt is folded.

To fold the butt, it is necessary to drown the right latch of the butt with a punch or a cartridge bullet through the hole in the right wall of the receiver (Fig. 35) and turn the butt to the left until it is secured with the left latch in the folded position.

To recline the butt, you need to press your finger on the back of the latch with a notch in left side and turn the butt to the right until it is secured with the right latch.

16. Machine gun bipod(Fig. 36) serves as an emphasis when shooting. It has a base, two legs with skids for resting on the ground and protrusions for fixing the legs in the folded position, a spring for spreading the legs, a spring fastener on the left leg for fastening the legs in the folded position. The bipod is not separated from the machine gun.

17. Bolt carrier with gas piston(Fig. 37) serves to actuate the shutter and trigger mechanism.

Drummerhas a striker and a ledge for a hairpin.

Ejectorwith a spring serves to remove the sleeve from the chamber and hold it until it meets the reflective protrusion of the receiver. The ejector has a hook for gripping the sleeve, a socket for the spring and a cutout for the axle.

Hairpinserves to secure the drummer and the ejector axis.

The trigger mechanism is placed in the receiver, where it is attached with three interchangeable axles, and consists of a trigger With a mainspring, a trigger retarder with a spring, a trigger, a single-fire whisper with a spring, a self-timer with a spring, a translator and a tubular axis.

triggerwith a mainspring is used to strike the drummer. The trigger has a combat cocking, self-timer cocking, trunnions and a hole for the axis. The mainspring is put on the trigger trunnions and with its loop acts on the trigger, and with its ends - on the rectangular ledges of the trigger,

trigger retarder serves to slow down the forward movement of the trigger in order to improve the accuracy of combat when firing from stable positions. It has front and rear lugs, axle hole, spring and latch.

Trigger serves to hold the trigger on the cocking and to pull the trigger. It has a figured protrusion, a hole for the axle, rectangular protrusions and a tail. With his figured protrusion, he keeps the trigger on the cocking.

Single Fire Whisper serves to hold the trigger after a shot in the rearmost position, if the trigger was not released during single fire. It is on the same axis as the trigger. The sear of a single fire has a spring, a hole for the axis and a cutout, which includes the interpreter sector when conducting automatic fire and stops the sear. In addition, the notch limits the sector to rotate forward when the translator is on the safety lock.

Self-timerserves to automatically release the trigger from the self-timer cocking when firing in bursts, as well as to prevent the trigger from being released when the bore is not closed and the bolt is not locked. It has a sear for holding the trigger while the self-timer is cocked, a lever for turning the self-timer with the projection of the bolt carrier when it approaches the forward position, and a spring.

On the same axis with the self-timer is its spring. Its short end is connected to the self-timer, and its long end runs along the left wall of the receiver and enters the annular grooves on the axes of the self-timer, trigger and trigger, keeping the axes from falling out.

23. Shop(Fig. 43) serves to place cartridges and feed them into the receiver. It consists of a plastic body, a cover, a locking plate, a spring and a feeder.

The magazine body connects all parts of the magazine; its side walls have bends on top (on the neck) to keep the cartridges from falling out and protrusions that limit the rise of the feeder; on the front wall there is a hook, and on the back - a support ledge, through which the magazine is attached to the receiver. On the back wall of the case at the bottom there is a control hole for determining the completeness of the magazine's equipment with cartridges.

From below the case is closed by a cover. The cover has a hole for the protrusion of the locking bar.

A feeder and a spring with a locking bar are placed inside the housing. The feeder is held at the upper end of the spring by means of an internal fold on the right wall of the feeder; the feeder has a protrusion that provides a staggered arrangement of cartridges in the magazine. The locking bar is permanently attached to the lower end of the spring and, with its protrusion, keeps the magazine cover from moving.

Ramrodused for cleaning and lubricating the barrel bore, as well as the channels and cavities of machine gun (machine gun) parts. It has a head with a punch hole, a thread for screwing a wipe or a brush.

Rubbingused for cleaning and lubricating the bore, channels and cavities of other parts of the machine gun (machine gun). It has an internal thread for screwing onto a ramrod and a slot for rags or tow.

brushused to clean the bore with RFS solution.

Screwdriver and punch used for disassembly and assembly of the machine gun (machine gun). The cutout at the end of the screwdriver is designed for screwing in and unscrewing the front sight, and the side cutout is for fixing the wipe on the ramrod. For ease of use, a screwdriver is inserted into the side holes of the case. When cleaning the bore, a screwdriver is inserted into the case over the head of the ramrod.

Pencil caseserves for storage of rubbing, a brush, a screw-driver and a punch. It is closed with a lid.

The case is used as a handle for a screwdriver when screwing in and unscrewing the front sight and for turning the gas tube contactor, as well as a handle for a ramrod.

The case has through holes into which a ramrod is inserted when cleaning the machine gun (machine gun), oval holes for a screwdriver and a rectangular hole for turning the gas tube lock when disassembling and assembling the machine gun (machine gun).

Single neck oiler serves to store lubricant, it is carried in the pocket of a shopping bag.

clipserves for carrying cartridges and accelerated equipment of the magazine with cartridges. The clip holds 15 rounds. It has two longitudinal grooves and a leaf spring that keeps the cartridges from falling out. In addition, the leaf spring provides a strong connection of the cage with the adapter.

Adapterserves to connect the clip with the magazine when equipping it with cartridges. It has: from the bottom (broadened part) two bends that fit into the corresponding grooves on the neck of the magazine; on top - two longitudinal grooves for the clip, a hole for the clip spring and a stop that limits the progress of the clip when it is inserted into the adapter.

5.45mm live ammunition Kalashnikov

26. A live cartridge (Fig. 47) consists of a bullet, a cartridge case, a powder charge and a primer.

27. 5.45 mm rounds are issued with ordinary and tracer bullets. The head of the tracer bullet is painted in green color. To simulate shooting, blank (without a bullet) cartridges are used, which are fired using a special sleeve.

ordinarybullet(Fig. 48, a) is designed to defeat enemy manpower located openly and behind obstacles pierced by a bullet.

An ordinary bullet consists of a tombac-coated steel jacket and a steel core. There is a lead jacket between the sheath and the core.

tracer bullet (Fig. 48.6) is also designed to defeat enemy manpower. In addition, when a bullet is flying in the air, its burning tracer composition at firing ranges up to 800 m leaves a luminous trail, which allows for fire correction and target designation.

In the shell of a tracer bullet, a core is placed in the head part, and a checker of a pressed tracer composition is placed in the bottom part. During the shot, the flame from the powder charge ignites the tracer composition, which, when the bullet flies, gives a luminous trail.

28. Sleeve serves to connect all parts of the cartridge, protect the powder charge from external influences and to eliminate the breakthrough of powder gases towards the shutter. It has a body for placing a powder charge, a muzzle for fixing a bullet and a bottom. Outside, at the bottom of the sleeve, an annular groove is made for the ejector hook. At the bottom of the sleeve there is a nest for the primer, an anvil and two seed holes.

29. Powder charge serves to communicate translational motion to the pool; it consists of gunpowder spherical granulation.

30. Capsule serves to ignite the powder charge. It consists of a brass cap, an impact composition pressed into it and a foil circle covering the impact composition.

31. Capping of 5.45-mm cartridges is made in wooden boxes. The box contains two hermetically sealed metal boxes of 1080 rounds each; cartridges in boxes are packed in cardboard packs of 30 pieces. In total, 2160 rounds are placed in the box.

On the side walls of the boxes, in which cartridges with tracer bullets are sealed, a green stripe is applied. Each box has a knife to open the box.