Komsomol youth. VLKSM: history, goals and objectives of the organization. reference. Congress of Workers' and Peasants' Youth

The All-Union Pioneer Organization was formed on May 19, 1922. It was then, at the All-Russian Komsomol Conference, that a decision was made to create a mass children's organization in the USSR, led by the Komsomol Central Committee. Later, May 19 began to be considered Pioneer Day. An organized and ceremonial celebration of this event was held every year. At first, the pioneer organization bore the name “Spartak”, and then, after the death of the country’s leader, the official name was changed to the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Lenin. Many years have passed since then. they stopped accepting people as pioneers, few people remember.

Initially, scouting served as an example for the pioneer movement. In 1917, there were children's scout associations in the country, covering up to 50 thousand people. Scouts carried out a lot of public work to help street children. Soon this movement split into several directions, the basic principles of which differed significantly. Scout troops were led by famous figures such as the publisher and traveler, editor of the magazine “Around the World” V.A. Popov, famous self-taught sculptor and teacher I.N. Zhukov and others. The idea of ​​creating yuk-scouts (young communists - scouts) was proposed by Vera Bonch-Bruevich, an active party member and writer. But in 1919, at the congress of the RKSM, all scout troops were disbanded.

N.K. At the end of 1921, Krupskaya several times read the report “On Boy Scoutism,” where she called on the Komsomol to create a children’s association “scouting in form and communist in content.” Later, the idea was put forward to create a children's communist movement. I.N. Zhukov put forward a proposal to call the future organization pioneer. The symbols chosen were the following: a red tie, a white blouse, the motto “Be prepared!” and the answer is “Always ready!” This was similar to the traditions of the Scout movement, but was partially modified. Also, the goal of the children's pioneer movement was to fight for the freedom of oppressed peoples around the world. In the future, the pioneers had to help adults in the fight against anti-Soviet elements, according to the civic duty of every progressive person, a builder of a communist society.

By the beginning of the forties, the structure of the All-Union Pioneer Organization was completely formed in accordance with the already proven school principle. Each class was a detachment, and the school was a pioneer squad. Military-patriotic work was carried out in children's groups, circles of signalmen, orderlies, and young riflemen were formed.

Before the start of the Great Patriotic War The “Timur movement,” named after the hero of A. Gaidar’s children’s book “Timur and His Team,” spread. Timurites actively collected scrap metal, dried medicinal herbs, provided all possible assistance to the elderly and sick people, and looked after the children. It is difficult to overestimate everything that the pioneers did at this time, not only for individual citizens, but for the entire country.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, many children and teenagers instantly matured. Grief and overwhelming trials fell like a heavy burden on their shoulders. The pioneers were members of partisan detachments, whose sudden raids on fascist positions caused them significant losses. Some of them were awarded the title of "Hero of the Soviet Union", the highest award of the state, namely:

The pioneers served in the Red Army and were given the unofficial title “Son of the Regiment.” They were intelligence officers, signalmen, and underground workers. Most of them replaced their fathers and older brothers who had gone to the front, worked at machines and in the fields, looked after the wounded in hospitals, and performed concerts for them. Not all of them managed to live to see the Day Great Victory, children, along with adults, experienced all the hardships and horrors of wartime.

In the fifties, certain processes took place in the pioneer organization that led to changes active position and loss of independence in decision-making, her work became increasingly formal. In the 1960s, Leningrad teachers led by I.P. Ivanov on the basis of the new all-Union camp "Orlyonok", which was opened on Black Sea coast, tried to develop in children creativity along with past ideals. But the communard movement, which these activists tried to give rise to, was unable to go beyond the borders of a small region and remained in the arsenal of individual detachments and pioneer squads.

Until what year were there pioneers in the USSR?

With the beginning of perestroika, social and political life in the country sharply intensified. In the second half of the eighties of the last century, the leaders of the children's organization tried to change its goals and methods of working with schoolchildren. Due to the fact that propaganda was carried out about the need to exclude pioneers from ideological work, children's organizations of various directions appeared.

At the tenth rally of pioneers, which took place in Artek, on October 1, 1990, the delegates decided to transform the All-Union Pioneer Organization into the association “Union of Pioneer Organizations - Federation of Children's Organizations”, the abbreviated name SPO - FDO. But the Komsomol Central Committee did not approve this decision.

On September 27 - 28, 1991, at the XXII Extraordinary Congress of the Komsomol, the termination of the organization’s activities and its dissolution was announced. Together with the Komsomol, the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after Lenin was automatically disbanded. The building of the Central Council in Moscow was partially transferred to the use of SPO - FDO. The pioneer palaces became subordinate to the municipalities and became known as “Houses of Children's Creativity,” and the pioneer camps became tourist centers and boarding houses.

Based on this historical data, we can say with certainty what year the pioneers were in. It was in September that the pioneer organization ceased its work. Now we can accurately answer in what year they stopped accepting people as pioneers. And a little later, on December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR announced the adoption of a declaration that spoke of the cessation of the existence of the USSR.

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I joined the Komsomol in 1988, at the end of 8th grade. I remember we went to some classes after school - one of the teachers told us about the charter, how many orders the Komsomol had and what they gave it for, etc. I didn’t bother to memorize all this information, I thought that somehow later... And then one fine spring day we were interrupted from classes (hurray!), and on the way we learned that we were being taken to the district committee to be accepted into the Komsomol. The first thought is that they will fail. My classmate and I, who, in principle, was very exemplary, but within reasonable limits, so he didn’t really study all this either, decided to go in the last rows. Like, let’s see if they’re pushing hard, and if so, we’ll fade away so as not to embarrass ourselves. Not so. They herded us all into the first secretary's office, lined us up in a semicircle and... began calling us in alphabetical order and handing us Komsomol tickets. And no interview. And with the recommendations, everything was simple - one was signed en masse by the school Komsomol organizer, others were taken from friends. One figure actually created for himself an employee of a trolleybus depot, a member of the CPSU, and signed for it himself. It's gone through the channel.
It was more fun when, in the 11th grade (which I moved directly to from the 9th grade), I tried to leave the Komsomol due to political convictions - by that time I no longer believed in the “only correct” policy of the CPSU. At first, my application was kept under wraps for a long time, then after my visit to the district committee, where they had soul-saving conversations with me for a long time, after which the first secretary (as I remember now, by the name of Mokry) personally stated “we have no right to persuade you,” they nevertheless granted request. It turned out that this was the first case in the area and almost the only one in the city. Then Zavrono personally decided to carry out educational work with me, and he interrogated me with passion in the director’s office. In particular, he threatened with “organs”. And then, after 1991, for the first time this guy tried to remain “for the Reds”, he even tried to persuade the management of schools where there were polling stations to falsify them in favor of the communists in the next elections. By the way, our head teacher educational work, which I especially hated for its condescending Sovkism, categorically refused to do this. She said that she is only for those communists who are for justice, and justice is how the people actually voted, even if the people are wrong. When they told me about this, I respected her.
Well, the former head of district administration, Viktor Padlovich Garkavets, then received a promotion to department head, after which he quickly changed his colors. I do not rule out that this classic red-yellow-blakty bastard rules the education system of the city of Kharkov to this day. But no independent bodies were certainly involved in his person. It's a pity. I have a generally negative attitude towards Bandera’s people, but they rarely hanged people like this Garkavets.

There are no other examples in history of such a powerful youth movement as the Lenin Komsomol. In peacetime and during wars, shoulder to shoulder with the communists, Komsomol members were the first to go into battle, to virgin lands, to construction sites, into space and led the youth. At every historical milestone, the Komsomol promoted from its midst thousands and thousands of young heroes who glorified it with their exploits. Their example of selfless service to the Motherland and people will always be in the memory of current and future generations.

It all started back in the distant revolutionary year of 1917 with the creation of socialist unions of workers, peasants and student youth. But they were all separated. Therefore, already in 1918, on October 29, the First All-Russian Congress of Workers' and Peasants' Youth Unions began its work, gathering 195 delegates from all over Russia and uniting disparate youth organizations into a single monolithic Russian Communist Youth Union. October 29 became the birthday of the Komsomol.

After the congress, general meetings of unions of worker and peasant youth were held in all regions or, as they were called then, provinces.

The chronicle of the heroic deeds of the Komsomol is endless. Six orders burn brightly on his banner. This is national recognition of the Komsomol’s services to the Motherland. Everyone knew the Komsomol heroes: Lyubov Shevtsova, Oleg Koshevoy, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Matrosov, Liza Chaikina... Eternal glory and memory to them!

Komsomol is an organization that shapes a person, his personal qualities. Here the life views of young people were affirmed, and the first experience of social work was acquired here. Komsomol is the foundation that formed the Soviet man. Of course, there was everything in the Komsomol. It was good, and it was not so good. There were bureaucratic moments that irritated young people, but these moments were criticized. However, at its core, it was a wonderful public organization. The Komsomol shaped the worldview in certain coordinates - the Soviet worldview. Komsomol is youth. Komsomol - these are the most wonderful memories! Komsomol is energy, determination, the desire to turn this world upside down and make it better!

Komsomol is my destiny

Performed by: VIA "Gems" 1918-1928
RKSM was an active participant Civil War; he carried out three all-Russian mobilizations to the front. According to incomplete data, the Komsomol sent over 75 thousand of its members to the Red Army in 1918-20. In total, up to 200 thousand Komsomol members took part in the struggle of the Soviet people against the interventionists, White Guards and bandits. Heroically fought the enemies: 19-year-old commander of the 30th division Albert Lapin, future writers Nikolai Ostrovsky and Arkady Gaidar, armored train commander Lyudmila Makievskaya, commissars Alexander Kondratyev and Anatoly Popov, leader of the Far Eastern Komsomol Vitaly Banevur and many others. Komsomol members fought selflessly behind enemy lines. In Odessa, the Komsomol underground numbered over 300 people, in Riga - about 200 people, underground Komsomol groups operated in Ekaterinodar (Krasnodar), Simferopol, Rostov-on-Don, Nikolaev, Tbilisi, etc. Many Komsomol members died brave deaths in battles to defend their gains October revolution. In severe trials, the Komsomol grew stronger and stronger. Despite the enormous sacrifices he made on the fronts, his numbers increased 20 times: in October 1918 - 22,100, in October 1920 - 482,000. In commemoration of military merits on the fronts of the Civil War in the period 1919-20 against the troops of the White Guard generals Kolchak , Denikin, Yudenich, Belopoles and Wrangel, the Komsomol in 1928 was awarded the Order of the Red Banner by a resolution of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

Komsomol members of the 20th year

Music: O. Feltsman Words: V. Voinovich
Performed by: V. Troshin 1929-1941
After the Civil War, the Komsomol was faced with the task of preparing working peasant youth to peaceful, creative activities. In October 1920, the 3rd Congress of the RKSM took place. The leadership for the activities of the Komsomol was Lenin’s speech at the congress on October 2, 1920, “Tasks of youth unions.” Lenin saw the main goal of the Komsomol as “... to help the party build communism and to help the entire young generation create a communist society.” The Komsomol directed all efforts to restore what was destroyed during the war. National economy. Boys and girls took part in the restoration of factories in Petrograd, Moscow, the Urals, mines and factories in Donbass, and the country's railways. In September 1920, the first All-Russian youth subbotnik was held. Komsomol members assisted the Soviet government in the fight against profiteering, sabotage, and banditry. In 1929, the Komsomol carried out the first mobilization of youth for new buildings of the 1st Five-Year Plan. Over 200 thousand Komsomol members came to construction sites with vouchers from their organizations. With the active participation of the Komsomol, the Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Station, the Moscow and Gorky Automobile Plants, the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant, Railway Turksib and others. By the Resolution of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on January 21, 1931, “for the initiative shown in the matter of shock work and socialist competition, ensuring the successful implementation of the five-year plan for the development of the national economy...” The Komsomol was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

Far Eastern song

Music: B. Shikhov Lyrics: A. Pomorsky 1929
Performed by: Big Choir VRiT. Execution 1970 1941-1945
The Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 was a severe test for the entire Soviet people and their young generation. Komsomol, all Soviet youth are on call Communist Party came out to fight the Nazi invaders. Already in the first year of the war, about 2 million Komsomol members joined the ranks of the Red Army. Komsomol members, boys and girls showed unprecedented courage, bravery, and heroism, defending Brest, Liepaja, Odessa, Sevastopol, Smolensk, Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Stalingrad, and other cities and regions of the country from the enemy. The Komsomol organization of Moscow and the region alone sent over 300 thousand people to the front in the first 5 months of the war; 90% of the members of the Leningrad Komsomol organization fought against the Nazi invaders on the outskirts of the city of Lenin. Young partisans and underground fighters from Belarus, the occupied regions of the RSFSR, Ukraine, and the Baltic states acted fearlessly behind enemy lines. The partisan detachments consisted of 30-45% Komsomol members. Unparalleled heroism was shown by members of underground Komsomol organizations - “Young Guard” (Krasnodon), “Partisan Spark” (Nikolaev region), Lyudinovskaya underground Komsomol group, etc. In 1941-45, about 12 million young men and women joined the Komsomol. Of 7 thousand Heroes Soviet Union under the age of 30, 3.5 thousand are Komsomol members (60 of them are twice Heroes of the Soviet Union), 3.5 million Komsomol members have been awarded orders and medals. The names of Komsomol members who fell in the fight against the fascist invaders: Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Chekalin, Lisa Chaikina, Alexander Matrosov, Viktor Talalikhin and many others - became a symbol of courage, courage, and heroism. For outstanding services to the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War and for great work in education Soviet youth In the spirit of selfless devotion to the socialist Fatherland, the Komsomol was awarded the Order of Lenin by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on June 14, 1945.

Komsomolskaya
("Goodbye, mom, don't worry, don't be sad,
wish us a good journey")

Music: V. Solovyov-Sedoy Lyrics: A. Galich 1947
Performed by: KrAPPSA, solo. O. Razumovsky Performed in 1950. 1945-1948
The Komsomol invested enormous work in restoring the national economy destroyed by the Nazi invaders, in the construction of Minsk, Smolensk, Stalingrad, in the restoration of Leningrad, Kharkov, Kursk, Voronezh, Sevastopol, Odessa, Rostov-on-Don and many other cities, in the revival of industry and cities of Donbass, Dneproges, collective farms, state farms and MTS. In 1948 alone, 6,200 rural power plants were built and put into operation by youth. The Komsomol showed great concern for the placement of children and adolescents left without parents, for the expansion of the network of orphanages and vocational schools, and for the construction of schools. In 1948, the Komsomol celebrated its thirtieth anniversary. On October 28, 1948, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded the Komsomol the second Order of Lenin.

Komsomol members
(An unforgettable song of the wonderful Stalin era.)

Music: A. Ostrovsky Lyrics: L. Oshanin
Performed by: I. D. Shmelev, Choir and Orc. p/u V.N. Knushevitsky Execution 1948
1948-1956
The Komsomol took an active part in the implementation of measures developed by the party to raise Agriculture. Thousands of young specialists, workers and employees, and high school graduates were sent to state farms, collective farms, and MTS. In 1954-55, over 350 thousand young people went on Komsomol vouchers to develop the virgin lands of Kazakhstan, Altai, and Siberia. Their work was a real feat. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR for Active participation in communist construction and especially for the development of virgin lands of the Komsomol on November 5, 1956 he was awarded the third Order of Lenin.

On the road friends!

Music: Anatoly Lepin Lyrics: Alexey Fatyanov 1959
Performed by: actor Leonid Kharitonov and others. Performed in 1959. 1956-1991
The scope of the Komsomol’s activities in solving national economic problems, in particular in the development of the riches of Siberia, has expanded significantly. Far East and the Far North, in the redistribution of the country's labor resources. All-Union detachments numbering more than 70 thousand people were formed, over 500 thousand young people were sent to new buildings. With the active participation of young people, about 1,500 important facilities were built and put into operation, including the largest in the world - the Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station, the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Baikal-Amur Mainline named after the Lenin Komsomol, the Druzhba oil pipeline, etc. The Komsomol patronized 100 impact construction projects , including the development of the unique oil and gas resources of the Tyumen and Tomsk regions. Student construction teams have become a tradition for Komsomol members of universities. Millions of students took part in labor semesters. At the initiative of the Komsomol, the construction of youth residential complexes became widespread. Youth residential complexes have been built in 156 cities and regions of the country. The Komsomol is the initiator of all-Union campaigns to places of revolutionary, military and labor glory, in which millions of boys and girls participate. The children's and youth competitions “Golden Puck”, “Leather Ball”, “Olympic Spring”, “Neptune” and the all-Union military sports game “Zarnitsa”, held by the Komsomol Central Committee, became truly widespread. The Komsomol and Soviet youth organizations collaborated with international, regional, national and local youth organizations in 129 countries. On July 5, 1956, the Committee of Youth Organizations of the USSR was created, and on May 10, 1958, the Bureau of International Youth Tourism “Sputnik” was created. Over four years, more than 22 million young people traveled around the country via Sputnik, and 1.7 million people traveled abroad. In 1968, for outstanding services and the great contribution of Komsomol members to the formation and strengthening of Soviet power, courage and heroism shown in battles with the enemies of the socialist Fatherland, active participation in the construction of socialism, for fruitful work on political education younger generations, in connection with the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol, was awarded the Order of the October Revolution.

Komsomol tradition

Music: O. Feltsman Words: I. Shaferan
Performed by: Vladislav Lynkovsky Performed in 1968.

Unchanged; m. [in capital letters] In the USSR: All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union (social and political youth organization). * * * Komsomol see All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League. * * * Komsomol Komsomol, see All-Union... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Komsomol- take a shovel, dig your own grave! the great Lenin dug his own grave a wolf caught a goat for seven months wolves love bones with meat folklore. Komsomol Komsomol KSM All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union after: SKM RF historical ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

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Komsomol- abbreviation of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League until 1991. unchangeable dictionary unit ist... Spelling dictionary of Ukrainian language

Komsomol- (All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union) mass social polit. youth organization. The first organizational congress took place on October 29. 4 Nov 1918 in Moscow. Proletarian youth organizations in the U., as well as throughout the country, arose... ... Ural Historical Encyclopedia

Komsomol- [ve el ka es em], unchangeable, m. All-Union Leninist Kolshunistichesky Union of Youth. AGS, 203. ◘ Komsomol is an amateur public organization that unites in its ranks the broad masses of advanced Soviet youth. CPSP, 32. The basis of the Komsomol... ... Dictionary language of the Council of Deputies

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Komsomol- The Wolf Caught the Goat for Seven Months A humorous decoding of the abbreviation of the Leninist Komsomol... Dictionary of folk phraseology

Books

• Komsomol. 1918 - 1978, I. Mikhailov. We present to your attention the photo album of N. Mikhailov “VLKSM. 1918 - 1978”…
• Komsomol. 1918-1978, N. Mikhailov. Glorious Lenin Komsomol- a faithful and reliable assistant to the Communist Party and its combat reserve - a tireless fighter for the great cause of communism, a toiler, an innovator, a warrior,...
• Komsomol volunteers. Collective portrait of the Komsomol. Dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Komsomol, Alla Faatovna Sushchinskaya. This is a collective Portrait of the Komsomol. Not ordered, but sincere, voluntary research. A unique collection of memories of dozens of people (historical figures and current ones) and the answer...

After the victory of the October Revolution, red children's organizations, groups and associations arose in various cities. On May 19, 1922, the 2nd All-Russian Komsomol Conference decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere.

In the first years of Soviet power, pioneers helped street children and fought against illiteracy, collected books and set up libraries, studied in technical circles, cared for animals, went on geological hikes, nature study expeditions, collected medicinal plants. The pioneers worked on collective farms, in the fields, guarded crops and collective farm property, wrote letters to newspapers or to the relevant authorities about violations that they noticed around them.

AiF.ru recalls how in Soviet time Octoberists, pioneers and those who could become Komsomol members were accepted.

From what class were you accepted into October?

Schoolchildren in grades 1–3 became Octobrists, united on a voluntary basis into groups under the school’s pioneer squad. The groups were led by counselors from among the school's pioneers or Komsomol members. In these groups, children prepared to join the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin.

When joining the ranks of the Octobrists, children were given a badge - a five-pointed star with a child’s portrait of Lenin. The symbol was the red October flag.

In honor of the victory of the October Revolution, since 1923, schoolchildren were called “Octobers.” The Octobrists were united into stars (analogous to the pioneer unit) - October 5 and also “sickle” and “hammer” - the leader of the star and his assistant. In an asterisk, an October child could occupy one of the positions - commander, florist, orderly, librarian or sportsman.

In the last decades of Soviet power, all students were accepted in October primary school, usually already in first grade.

Who were accepted as pioneers?

The pioneer organization accepted schoolchildren aged 9 to 14 years. Formally, admission was carried out on a voluntary basis. The selection of candidates was made by open voting at a meeting of the pioneer detachment (usually corresponding to the class) or at the highest—at the school level—pioneer body: the squad council.

A student joining a pioneer organization gave a solemn promise of a pioneer of the Soviet Union at the pioneer assembly (the text of the promise in the 1980s could be seen on the back cover school notebooks). A communist, Komsomol member or senior pioneer presented the newcomer with a red pioneer tie and a pioneer badge. Pioneer tie was a symbol of belonging to the pioneer organization, a part of its banner. The three ends of the tie symbolized the unbreakable connection of three generations: communists, Komsomol members and pioneers; the pioneer was obliged to take care of his tie and protect it.

The greeting of the pioneers was a salute - a hand raised slightly above the head demonstrated that the pioneer was putting public interest above personal ones. "Be ready!" - the leader called on the pioneers and heard in response: “Always ready!”

As a rule, pioneers were accepted into a solemn atmosphere during communist holidays in memorable historical and revolutionary places, for example on April 22 near the monument to V.I. Lenin.

Punishments were applied to members of the organization who violated the Laws of the Pioneers of the Soviet Union: discussion at a meeting of the unit, detachment, or squad council; comment; exception warning; as a last resort - exclusion from the pioneer organization. They could be expelled from the pioneers for unsatisfactory behavior and hooliganism.

Collecting scrap metal and waste paper and other types of socially useful work, helping elementary school students, participating in military sports “Zarnitsa”, classes in clubs and, of course, excellent studies - this is what the pioneer’s everyday life was filled with.

How did you become a Komsomol member?

They became Komsomol members at the age of 14. The reception was carried out individually. To apply, you needed a recommendation from a communist or two Komsomol members with at least 10 months of experience. After this, the application could be accepted for consideration at the school Komsomol organization, but they might not have accepted it if they did not consider the giver a worthy figure.

Those whose application was accepted were scheduled for an interview with the Komsomol committee (council of Komsomol members) and a representative of the district committee. To pass the interview, you had to memorize the Komsomol charter, the names of the key leaders of the Komsomol and the party, important dates and the main thing is to answer the question: “Why do you want to become a Komsomol member?”

Any of the committee members could ask a tricky question during the trial stage. If the candidate successfully passed the interview, he was given a Komsomol card, which documented the payment of dues. Schoolchildren and students paid 2 kopecks. per month, working - one percent of salary.

You could be expelled from the Komsomol for sloppiness, going to church, or for non-payment membership fees, for family troubles. Expulsion from the organization threatened the lack of good prospects and career in the future. The former Komsomol member did not have the right to join the party, go abroad, and in some cases he was threatened with dismissal from his job.