State and municipal government what kind of profession. Profession state and municipal management. Who can work

Speciality "State and municipal government» (or, as they say in everyday life - GMU) is one of the youngest modern Russia officially established in 1992. In February 2015, a new federal state educational standard was put into effect higher education towardstraining 38.03.04 "State and municipal management" ("bachelor"), which assumes the maximum orientation of the educational process to the needs of the labor market. To date state and municipal administration universities identified as one of the most sought-after areas of training.

From the very name of this specialty, it is clear that professional activity graduates in the future is connected, first of all, with work in civil public service positions in government and administration at the federal, regional or municipal levels. But not only.

Graduates during their studies receive extensive knowledge from a variety of industries from economics to law, which gives them the opportunity to work with no less success in state and municipal institutions, enterprises and budget organizations, in public and non-profit, international organizations And international bodies management.

Often they find their application in research and development. educational organizations and institutions. There is a great demand for young and educated managers in commercial structures as well.

Anyway, specialty GMU gives young man good push for future career. And although to exclude protectionism on the same public service still early trend recent years unequivocally testifies: there are more and more of those who climb career ladder precisely because of the successful development of the specialty state and municipal management and their own perseverance.

Our university has accumulated extensive experience in teaching state and municipal management. Its graduates (suffice it to ask in the "News" section of one of the most popular search engines) today hold senior positions in various departments and regions. There are also many who, having received the specialty of the State Medical University in Moscow, made a career in the capital. In general, today in our university state and municipal administration These are bachelor's and master's degrees.

This year, taking into account the growing interest in state and municipal administration, the institute has prepared an author's course of lectures "Technologies of social design". Moreover, not only bachelors of state and municipal management, but even those who are just planning to enter MIGUP to study GMU.

The main idea of ​​the course is the development of managerial skills of young people, the ability to solve tasks in a systematic and programmatic way. After all, it is precisely these qualities of a modern and future leader that make it possible to achieve success in public administration and the economy, business, reforms in spheres of life, industries and public institutions.

Undergraduate GMU - it's for us!

The most common entrance exams are:

• Russian language
• Mathematics (basic level)
• Informatics and information and communication technologies (ICT) - a profile subject, at the choice of the university
• History - at the choice of the university
• Social studies - at the choice of the university
• Foreign language - at the choice of the university

To choose a university, you also need to pass one of the following exams: history, social studies, computer science and ICT.

An examination may be offered at the discretion of the school. English language, or any other foreign language, depending on the specific area of ​​study.

The specialty "State and municipal management" is a great opportunity choosing a prestigious job in large organizations. University graduates are in constant demand among employers, they are faced with wonderful prospects for further professional growth and career advancement.

Brief description of the specialty

The specialty allows students to gain advanced knowledge in the field of economics during their studies, including such economic directions like control theory and others. They master the necessary professional skills and administration skills that allow them to plan and coordinate the work of the organization, to manage the team.

Graduates who have completed training in this specialty possess the skills that allow them to manage the organization as successfully as possible, take part in organizing the work process of the management system, develop and improve the functioning of management in accordance with the main criteria for the development of the socio-economic sphere.

Major universities

• Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov

• State University of Management

• Nizhny Novgorod State University N.I. Lobachevsky

• Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

• Perm State National research university

Terms and forms of training

In this specialty, both full-time and part-time or part-time forms of education are provided. At face-to-face education the duration of mastering the specialty is 4 years, in other cases - from 4.5 years or more.

Subjects studied by students

The specialty is universal in nature, therefore, special requirements are imposed on the content of the curriculum. Particular attention is paid to such academic disciplines, How:

• economic theory
• management
• psychology
• history of world civilizations
• fundamentals of law and others.

Among the compulsory subjects necessary for mastering the specialty, the following can be distinguished:

• statistics
• civil law
• management theory
• information technology in management
• administrative law and others.

Some higher education institutions introduce a professional foreign language course and rhetoric into the curriculum. Training includes practical training in government bodies that meet the needs of the learning profile.

Acquired knowledge and skills

A bachelor-manager who has mastered the program in this specialty can perform the following types of professional activities:

• to plan different types activities;
• organize work according to the set goals, available resources and results;
• carefully monitor the activities of employees and the entire organization;
• lead a team and coordinate work in the external environment;
• motivate employees;
• represent the institution (company) and its interests;
• investigate and evaluate problems and situations;
• offer forecasts and plan goals;
• work with staff to provide advice, guidelines, educational highlights;
• realize innovative work in the field of management.

Future profession: who to work?

Graduates can count on good positions in prestigious organizations, and they also have excellent opportunities for excellent career growth in the state and municipal service.

A specialist bachelor-manager acts as an intermediary between people and the state. He performs work in various departments and services, including specialized ones, participates in the development of draft laws. Also, a specialist manager is receiving citizens, helping them to solve problems. wide range issues, is engaged in leadership in matters of health, social, housing, educational, cultural and other life activities, monitors databases, issues certificates and information upon request, deals with office work. A specialist can find work in:

• state and municipal authorities;

• bodies local government;

• international organizations and governing bodies;

• public sector organizations;

• non-commercial organizations;

• civil society institutions;

• educational and research institutions;

Occupying the position of a specialist of the second category immediately after graduation, you can count on wages from 20,000 rubles. The income of a leading specialist can be about 30,000, the main one - about 35,000, and the head of the department will receive from 40,000 rubles. High professional quality specialists allow them to quickly move up the career ladder, but gradually step by step.

Continuing education in the specialty

You can continue your studies in this specialty, if you wish, in the magistracy and postgraduate studies.

Public administration(English) public administration) - activity of organs state power and them officials on the practical implementation of the political course (public policy) developed on the basis of appropriate procedures. Public administration activities are traditionally opposed, on the one hand, political activity and, on the other hand, policy-making activities.

In theory government controlled There are three main approaches to formulating the basic principles of public administration:

• legal approach;
• political approach;
• managerial (managerial) approach.

According to the legal approach, the key values ​​of public administration are the values ​​of the rule of law, the protection of the rights of citizens. A civil servant is subordinate not so much to his leadership as to the requirements of the rule of law and the Constitution.

According to the political approach, the main task of public administration is the best possible embodiment of the will of the people. Civil servants must be politically responsible (accountable), receptive to the current interests of citizens. In order to realize this, it is sometimes proposed to implement the concept of a "representative bureaucracy", in which the authorities executive power must be social model society in miniature. It is assumed that in this situation it will be easier for the departments to take into account the interests existing in society, and the opportunities for discrimination of certain groups will be reduced.

According to the managerial approach, the main values ​​of public administration should be efficiency, economy and efficiency, formulated, if possible, in a quantifiable (measurable) form. The main problem posed in this approach is how to ensure desired result at the lowest cost or, alternatively, how to get the maximum result for a given cost. characteristic feature This approach is the use of the concept of "public management" (public management) as a synonym for the concept of "public administration".

Common to all three approaches is the problem of compliance of the actions of civil servants with the principles formulated in advance:

• adherence to the principle of the rule of law (legal approach);
• following the will of the people (political approach);
• following the goal of obtaining the desired socio-economic result (manager approach).

The assessment of how this problem is solved is called the quality of public administration. Each approach uses as the main different indicators of the quality of public administration.

municipal government- This component local self-government, associated with the ordering impact of municipal government (local self-government) on the municipality and interaction with its subjects in order to improve the level and quality of life of the population of the municipality.

Within municipal government, as well as at the national level, there may be a principle of separation of powers: executive power is concentrated in the hands of the head (mayor), legislative power is in the hands of the city council, and judicial power is in the hands of the city court and the municipal division of the Ministry of Justice.

Municipal, as well as state, is associated with a certain territory and different groups population living in this area. The noted similarity does not exclude deep differences, the main of which are as follows:

1. the municipal body does not create laws, it is the prerogative of the state legislatures;
2. the state governs the citizens (through regulations), the municipality as a body does not manage citizens and residents of the territory (with the exception of decisions on taxes and elections of municipal authorities), but its own services and enterprises. The main means of managing these services are projects of activity (goals, plans, decisions, orders, orders, etc.).

According to the Regulations on the basics of the organization of local self-government in Russian Federation for a phased constitutional reform, approved by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 26, 1993, elected representative body local government:

• approves the local budget and the report on its execution;
• establishes local taxes and fees;
• approves development programs for the respective territories;
• adopts a regulation (charter) on local self-government;
• exercises control over the activities of the head of local self-government (head of administration).

Decisions related to the approval of the local budget, the spending of financial resources, the establishment or abolition of local taxes and fees are taken by the elected representative body of local self-government. These decisions are submitted to and agreed with the head of local self-government, and correspond to the interbudgetary relations established in Russia.

Comparison with a private enterprise. The municipality has much in common with private enterprises. The latter also manage only their employees and employees, for which they use organizational norms, such as a charter or job descriptions, solutions. However, the status of these municipal authority documents is different. the federal law No. 154 defines the acts adopted by the CHI and local self-government officials as legal, that is, having the character of universal binding on the territory municipality, failure or improper performance which entails the use of measures of state coercion.

Also, municipal government differs from a private enterprise in that one of the sources of its financing is taxes. The municipality is a budgetary, not a commercial community.

Another difference is that a private enterprise supplies goods to the market, while the municipal service supplies only residents of a certain territory.

Finally, a private enterprise can be a mono-product, and the municipality always has many services.

The most common entrance exams are:

• Russian language
• Mathematics (basic level)
• Informatics and information and communication technologies (ICT) - a profile subject, at the choice of the university
• History - at the choice of the university
• Social studies - at the choice of the university
• Foreign language - at the choice of the university

To choose a university, you also need to pass one of the following exams: history, social studies, computer science and ICT.

At the discretion of the educational institution, an exam in English, or any other foreign language, depending on the specific area of ​​study, may be offered.

The specialty "State and Municipal Administration" is an excellent opportunity to choose a prestigious job in large organizations. University graduates are in constant demand among employers, they have excellent prospects for further professional growth and career advancement.

Brief description of the specialty

The specialty allows students to gain advanced knowledge in the field of economics during their studies, including such economic areas as management theory and others. They master the necessary professional skills and administration skills that allow them to plan and coordinate the work of the organization, to manage the team.

Graduates who have completed training in this specialty possess the skills that allow them to manage the organization as successfully as possible, take part in organizing the work process of the management system, develop and improve the functioning of management in accordance with the main criteria for the development of the socio-economic sphere.

Major universities

• Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov

• State University of Management

• Nizhny Novgorod State University N.I. Lobachevsky

• Peoples' Friendship University of Russia

• Perm State National Research University

Terms and forms of training

In this specialty, both full-time and part-time or part-time forms of education are provided. In full-time education, the duration of mastering a specialty is 4 years, in other cases - from 4.5 years or more.

Subjects studied by students

The specialty is universal in nature, therefore, special requirements are imposed on the content of the curriculum. Particular attention is paid to such academic disciplines as:

• economic theory
• management
• psychology
• history of world civilizations
• fundamentals of law and others.

Among the compulsory subjects necessary for mastering the specialty, the following can be distinguished:

• statistics
• civil law
• management theory
• information technology in management
• administrative law and others.

Some higher education institutions introduce a professional foreign language course and rhetoric into the curriculum. Training provides for internships in state bodies that meet the needs of the training profile.

Acquired knowledge and skills

A bachelor-manager who has mastered the program in this specialty can perform the following types of professional activities:

• plan different types of activities;
• organize work according to the set goals, available resources and results;
• carefully monitor the activities of employees and the entire organization;
• lead a team and coordinate work in the external environment;
• motivate employees;
• represent the institution (company) and its interests;
• investigate and evaluate problems and situations;
• offer forecasts and plan goals;
• work with employees in the field of providing advice, methodological recommendations, educational moments;
• carry out innovative work in the field of management.

Future profession: who to work?

Graduates can count on good positions in prestigious organizations, and they also have excellent opportunities for excellent career growth in the state and municipal service.

A specialist bachelor-manager acts as an intermediary between people and the state. He performs work in various departments and services, including specialized ones, participates in the development of draft laws. Also, a specialist manager receives citizens, helping them solve a wide range of issues, manages health, social, housing, educational, cultural and other life activities, monitors databases, issues certificates and information upon request, deals with office work. A specialist can find work in:

• state and municipal authorities;

• local governments;

• international organizations and governing bodies;

• public sector organizations;

• non-commercial organizations;

• civil society institutions;

• educational and research institutions;

Occupying the position of a specialist of the second category immediately after graduation, you can count on a salary of 20,000 rubles. The income of a leading specialist can be about 30,000, the main one - about 35,000, and the head of the department will receive from 40,000 rubles. High professional qualities of specialists allow them to quickly move up the career ladder, but gradually step by step.

Continuing education in the specialty

You can continue your studies in this specialty, if you wish, in the magistracy and postgraduate studies.

Stories, foreign language, do not know about some specialties for which the listed items are needed. For example, what is state and municipal government, who to work after graduation, what professions are there in this area. This specialty appeared not so long ago, but every year it becomes more and more popular. So what is it.

Public administration is the actions of government authorities and their officials aimed at implementing the chosen political course. Municipal government - the actions of local authorities. Works for the same purposes, but at the local level.

The main goal of the managerial approach is to ensure the maximum efficiency of the state system. For this, there are administrative institutions. The principle of separation of powers operates in Russia.

Power is divided into three types:

• executive (concentrated in the hands of the mayor);
• legislative (powers of the city council);
• judicial (local courts and departments of the Ministry of Justice).

Any management is carried out in a certain territory and is associated with a group of people living in this territory. Let us consider in more detail what kind of profession it is and who can work.

Functions

State administration performs work on the territory of the entire state, and municipal - on the territory of the region. But this is not their only difference.

An interesting feature! population of small towns and rural settlements often express dissatisfaction with the standard of living. At the same time, the initiative of the population in the periphery is low.

For effective work municipal authorities need a sincere desire of the population to participate in governance.

To improve life, the desire of the population to participate in governance is necessary.

What is a profession

The internal structure of the country is divided into 3 levels:

• federal,
• regional,
• municipal.

The system is built in such a way that each level must resolve its issues within its competence. For these systems to work effectively, highly qualified specialists are needed. The profession consists in the competent organization of the activities of power structures: the distribution of the budget, the stabilization of the economy, and the processing of citizens' appeals. The organization of activities may be different.

Here are some examples:

• territory cleaning;
• ensuring order and legal protection of citizens;
• adoption of legislation.

These activities are carried out in the interests of citizens to improve their quality of life and preserve well-being.

3 budget levels

Speciality

To carry out the above activities, a specialty was created in universities and secondary specialized educational institutions. The training standards were first issued in 1995. Then specialists were needed who could stabilize the situation in the country.

At that time, there were few people who wanted to study in this specialty, because no one knew what it was. Highly qualified specialists began to appear only after the 2000s. Currently, the sphere of state and municipal government is very popular. You can get an education in any major cities.

A graduate of this specialty is a manager who ensures the provision of public services at a high level.

Useful video: GMU specialty

Knowledge and skills of graduates

State and municipal service is a difficult job. It requires expertise in many areas.

What a graduate should know and be able to do:

• the Constitution of the Russian Federation, regional and federal laws;
• how the state is governed;
• find reliable information and check the information for accuracy;
• political situation in the country, economic and social problems;
• analyze, compile statistics, keep records;
• make management decisions.

It is also worth deciding in advance in which area of ​​management the graduate wants to work, and then develop in this direction.

Who can work

The concept of who to work with the received diploma is quite vague for many.

Where to go to work after graduation for a young specialist:

1. Administration at any level. Even the presidential administration with the appropriate qualifications.
2. Executive power committees that deal with the lives of citizens. For example: social authorities protection, health protection, housing and communal services.
3. Legislative authorities. For example: the people's assembly, the supreme councils, or even the State Duma.
4. Departments responsible for foreign economic relations.
5. Supervisory authorities. For example: tax service, legal protection.
6. Committees responsible for the provision of state. services to the population.

You can stay to teach at the university. In addition, some commercial organizations prefer to hire personnel with a diploma in this specialty. The choice of who to work after training is large.

Position examples:

• director's secretary;
• head of personnel department,
• tax inspector,
• adviser,
• specialist,
• utility worker,
• deputy.

Director's Secretary

Subjects studied

Disciplines are determined depending on the qualification and scope of professional activity.

The list of the main disciplines studied for the 1st course looks like this:

• foreign language;
• Theory of Government and Rights;
• philosophy;
• introduction to the specialty;
• psychology;
• management theory;
• political science;
• Russian language and culture of speech;
• finance;
• mathematics;
• Physical Culture;
• logistics;
• administrative law;
• constitutional law;
• sociology;
• life safety.

What exams are taken

Required subjects for passing the exam- Russian language and mathematics. Each university chooses other exams independently.

Subjects that the university can choose:

• social science,
• foreign language,
• story,
• Informatics.

You need to find out which subject you need to take at a particular university.

students

universities

In total, 408 universities in the Russian Federation train students in the specialty of state and municipal management. different cities. Education is carried out in the following forms: full-time, part-time, part-time.

You can find budget places, but not all universities provide them. The cost of studying is from 45 to 500 thousand per year. The term of study for the undergraduate program is 4 years, for the master's program - 2 years. If you perform well during your studies, your chances of getting into graduate and graduate programs will increase significantly.

You can study in a secondary special institution. But with such education, access to some positions is closed. For example, it will be impossible to become an official. For admission to educational institution senior level in the presence of secondary specialized education, an interview is required.

Jobs

On the Internet you can find many vacancies in various fields. To choose who you can work with, you just need to determine your priorities. If priority is career, then you can look for a position in state structures if good earnings- in private companies.

Note! Private companies are interested in hiring people with a diploma in this specialty.

Examples of what vacancies can be found related to state and municipal administration in Moscow:

• restaurant manager,
• department head,
• store manager,
• economist,
• Chief Specialist.

But before you can count on a good position, you will have to gain experience. At the beginning of activity, when there is no experience, you should not expect big earnings. Many bosses who receive a decent income began almost with volunteer work. In the central regions, the first time the salary will be about 20-25 thousand rubles, on the periphery - about 15 thousand rubles.

Experience is of the utmost importance in this profession. An ordinary clerk during his work will master skills that will help him grow to a leader or deputy, at any level, in the future.