Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Examination

Secondary general education

Line UMK I. L. Andreev, O. V. Volobuev. History (6-10)

General history

Russian history

USE in history: we analyze tasks with a teacher

Sergey Agafonov, co-author , methodologist of the corporation "Russian Textbook" *,teacher of the highest category:“In my opinion, half the success (if not more) in the history and social studies exam depends on the number of thoroughly analyzed typical tasks. It is the disassembled tasks, and not just the completed ones. It is important to enter events, processes, phenomena national history into the context of universal history, establishing connections between various social phenomena and processes.

Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, teacher of history and social studies of the 1st category, 5 years of experience as a teacher, graduate of the Faculty of History of Moscow State Pedagogical University. IN AND. Lenina, Ph.D.:“The unified state exam in history consists of 25 tasks. The answers to tasks 1-19 are a sequence of numbers or words, tasks 20-25 require detailed answers. Let's take a look at these tasks. The apparent simplicity of the first 19 tasks is leveled by the lack of answer options, so solid knowledge is required, and you can’t count on luck.”

1. In the first task, it is supposed to arrange in chronological order the events related to national and world history:

1) Convocation of the first Zemsky Sobor

2) Proclamation of Charlemagne as Emperor

3) Accession of Crimea to Russian Empire

Here it would be good to know the dates firmly: 1) - 1549; 2) - 800; 3) - 1783 and the problem is solved, but such bright events in history are well remembered at least in chronological order.

2. In the second task, you need to establish a correspondence between events and years. And again, you need to know the dates, at least imagine - about the era of the reign of which political figure in question. The events of our history are often correlated with the rulers of the country, why not use this in the exam? The task is complicated by the fact that there are more dates than events, that is, the exclusion method will not work here.

The date of the baptism of Rus' is firmly known to any student who takes the Unified State Exam in history - 988. The decree "on free cultivators" is also a textbook - 1803, the abolition of parochialism is clearly associated with the 17th century - 1682, and the 19th conference of the CPSU is Gorbachev, hence 1988.

3. The third task involves the exclusion of two abbreviations that are not related to the period 1945-1953:

1) CPSU; 2) NATO; 3) CMEA; 4) CIS; 5) SNK; 6) UN.

In this case, we will need to know that the SNK (Council of People's Commissars) is the first Soviet government. Its existence belongs to an earlier period, and the CIS (commonwealth independent states) is currently rumored, which also does not correspond to the indicated period.

4. Write the term in question:

The highest state position in the Novgorod Republic in the XII-XV centuries. he was elected at the veche for one or two years and supervised the activities of all officials, together with the prince he was in charge of administration and court issues, commanded the army, led the veche meeting and the boyar council.

According to the first words, "The highest state position in the Novgorod Republic ..." it is clear that we are talking about the tenant. In addition to the posadnik, a thousand man was elected in Novgorod, and he led the city militia as an assistant posadnik. The archbishop was the head of the church, and the prince had only military functions.

5. Establish a correspondence between events and facts:

Couple One World War- Brusilovsky breakthrough is obvious. The Battle of Austerlitz and the Anti-French Coalitions too. Prince Igor and his famous unsuccessful campaign against the Polovtsy at school are studied, in addition to history, also in the lessons of music and literature. The battle of Klushino is an unsuccessful attempt by Vasily Shuisky to stop the Polish army, after which he was overthrown by the Seven Boyars, and the Poles occupied Moscow.

6. Set correspondence between fragments historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment marked with a letter, select two relevant characteristics marked with numbers:

FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES

A)“We grant this nominal decree with our royal and paternal mercy to all who were previously in the peasantry and in the citizenship of the landowners, to be loyal slaves to our own crown, and we reward with an ancient cross and prayer, heads and beards, liberty and freedom and forever Cossacks, without requiring recruitment collections, per capita and other monetary taxes, ownership of lands, forests, hayfields and fishing, and salt lakes without purchase and without dues, and we free all the judges who were previously committed from the villains of the nobles and city bribe-takers to the peasants and all the people - imposed taxes and burdens.

B)“If any of the landlords wishes to release their acquired or ancestral peasants one by one or as a whole village to freedom and at the same time approve a piece of land for them or a whole dacha, then having made conditions with them that are recognized by mutual agreement as the best, he has to present them at the request his through the provincial noble leader to the Minister of the Interior for consideration and presentation to us; and if a decision follows from us according to his desire, then these conditions will be presented in the Civil Chamber and recorded at the serf deeds with the payment of legal duties. ... Peasants and villages, released from the landowners under such conditions with land, if they do not wish to enter into other states, can remain farmers on their own lands and in themselves constitute a special state of free cultivators.

CHARACTERISTICS

1) This document was published by Alexander 11
2) The execution of this document is made dependent on the will of the landowners
3) A contemporary of the publication of this document was A.D. Menshikov
4) This document was published by Alexander 1
5) According to this document, some duties introduced by Peter 1 are abolished
6) This document was issued by the leader of the popular uprising.

REASONING

The first fragment refers to the manifestos of Emelyan Pugachev. This becomes apparent when you look at the style - it is similar to the imperial manifestos of the XVIII century, as well as the content - the promise of the abolition of recruitment kits and the return of the old cross and beards. It was the recruitment kits and the poll tax that were the innovations of Peter I.

The second fragment is an excerpt from the decree "On free cultivators" of 1803, which, as you know, allowed the landowners to release peasants with land to the will with the consent of the emperor.

Thus, the answer is: A - 5.6; B - 2.4

7. Which three of the following events occurred in the 18th century:

1) Battle of Borodino
2) Gangut naval battle
3) defense of Shipka
4) the battle of Gross-Jägersdorf
5) Sinop naval battle
6) the battle of Rymnik

Here are quite famous battles, let's remember them. battle of Borodino- this is the war of 1812; naval battle - Crimean War, 1853, the Battle of Rymnik took place during the Russian-Turkish war of 1787-1791.

Accordingly to XVIII century include: the Gangut naval battle, the Battle of Gross-Egersdorf and the battle of Rymnik.

8. Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a gap, choose the number of the element you want:

A) Commander of the 62nd Army, which especially distinguished itself in the Battle of Stalingrad ___
B) The complete liberation of Leningrad from the enemy blockade took place in January ___
C) September 30, 1941 began ___

Missing items:
1) defense Brest Fortress
2) 1943
3) 1944
4) V.I. Chuikov
5) N.F. Vatutin
6) battle for Moscow

Great Patriotic War in the course of the history of Russia in the XX century. much attention is paid, and significant battles that had a significant impact on the course of the Second World War are especially highlighted. One of them is the Battle of Stalingrad, in which the 62nd Army under the command of V.I. Chuikov.

The Leningrad blockade was lifted during one of the 10 operations of 1944, namely the Leningrad-Novgorod one, while the blockade was broken as early as 1943.

On September 30, 1941, of course, the Moscow battle began, that is, its defensive stage, and the counteroffensive near Moscow on December 5-6, 1941 became the first major successful offensive operation of the Red Army in the Second World War.

9. Establish a correspondence between events (processes, phenomena) and participants in these events: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position in the second column:

EVENTS (PROCESSES, PHENOMENA)
A) the development of Siberia by Russia and Far East
B) internecine war in the Moscow principality
B) Northern War
D) economic reforms of the 1960s. in USSR

PARTICIPANTS
1) Dmitry Shemyaka
2) Ivan 111
3) E.P. Khabarov principality in the second half of the 15th century.
4) A.N. Kosygin
5) G.A. Potemkin
6) B.P. Sheremetev

The development of Siberia and the Far East by Russia is associated with the name of E.P. Khabarova. The internecine war in the Moscow principality was fought between Vasily the Dark and his brothers Vasily Kosy and Dmitry Shemyaka. B.P. Sheremetev - commander Northern war. A.N. Kosygin - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.

10. Read an excerpt from the Decree of the Presidium of the Board of the Union of Writers of the USSR and indicate the last name that was omitted three times in the text:

“Awarding ___ Nobel Prize, in essence, for the novel Doctor Zhivago, hastily covered grandiloquent phrases about his lyrics and prose, in fact, emphasizes the political side of the unscrupulous game of reactionary circles ... Considering the political and moral decline of ___, his betrayal of the Soviet people, to the cause of socialism, peace, progress, paid for Nobel Prize in the interests of inciting the Cold War, the Presidium of the Board of the USSR Writers' Union, the bureau of the Organizing Committee of the Writers' Union of the RSFSR and the Presidium of the Board of the Moscow branch of the Writers' Union of the RSFSR deprive ___ of the title of a Soviet writer, exclude him from the membership of the USSR Writers' Union.

In this task, the title of the novel will tell you the name of the author. Of course, this is Pasternak.

11. Fill in the blank cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each gap marked with a letter, select the number of the required element:

Missing items:
1) the formation of the Holy Roman Empire
2) the first convocation of the Estates General in France
3) XIII century.
4) Battle of Kulikovo
5) XVII century.
6) the emergence of the state of the Franks
7) X c.
8) oprichnina
9) the beginning of the compilation of Russian Truth

The complexity of this task is that it is necessary to synchronize the events of domestic and foreign history, which is not easy for children.

11th century in the history of Russia is the creation of "Russian Truth".

Battle on the Ice or the battle on Lake Peipus - 1242, which means the XIII century, the baptism of Rus' - 988, i.e. X century, and the formation of the Holy Roman Empire in 962 - also X century.

It turns out that in the XIV century. the Battle of Kulikovo took place (1380) and the first convocation of the Estates General in France (1302).

12. Read an excerpt from the Constitution of the USSR:

“Article 1. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is a socialist state of the whole people, expressing the will and interests of the workers, peasants and intelligentsia, the working people of all nations and nationalities of the country. Article 2. All power in the USSR belongs to the people. The people exercise state power through the Soviets of People's Deputies, which constitute the political foundation of the USSR. All other state bodies are controlled and accountable to the Councils of People's Deputies. Article 3. The organization and activities of the Soviet state are built in accordance with the principle of democratic centralism: the election of all bodies of state power from top to bottom, accountability to their people, and binding decisions of higher bodies for lower ones. Democratic centralism combines unified leadership with local initiative and creative activity, with the responsibility of each government agency and an official for the assigned work. Article 4 Soviet state All its bodies operate on the basis of socialist legality, ensure the protection of law and order, the interests of society, and the rights and freedoms of citizens. State and public organizations and officials are obliged to observe the Constitution of the USSR and Soviet laws. Article 5. Most important questions state life are submitted for public discussion, as well as put to a popular vote (referendum). Article b. Leading and guiding force Soviet society, the core of its political system, state and public organizations is communist party Soviet Union. The CPSU exists for the people and serves the people...”.

Using the passage and knowledge of history, select three correct judgments from the list below:

1) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted during the leadership of the USSR I.V. Stalin
2) The principle of democratic centralism implies that the decisions of higher bodies are binding on lower ones
3) Article 5 of this Constitution of the USSR during the entire history of the Soviet Union has never been implemented
4) According to this passage, there is Soviet power in the USSR
5) This Constitution of the USSR was adopted by the XXV Congress of the CPSU
6) One of the articles of the USSR Constitution presented in the excerpt was canceled before the collapse of the USSR

There are several “beacons” in this passage from the Constitution of the USSR that you need to pay attention to:

1) the mention in Art. 6 about the CPSU as the "leading and guiding force" of Soviet society. This immediately indicates that we have before us the "Brezhnev" Constitution of 1977.
2) reference to the referendum.

We need to choose the right judgments. 1) - we brush aside immediately, because led by Brezhnev. 2) - suitable, because in Art. 3 is clear enough about it. 3) - not suitable, because a referendum on the preservation of the USSR was held in 1991 4) - fits unambiguously. 5) - not good, because Party congresses did not adopt the Constitution, but only the Congresses of Soviets. 6) - suitable, because 6 art. was abolished in 1990, before the collapse of the USSR, which took place in 1991.

Review the diagram and complete tasks 13-16:

13. Name the country-opponent of Russia in the war to which the diagram is dedicated:

Tasks on the historical map often cause difficulties. In this case, a map of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905 is presented. this is clear from geographical names.

14. What is the name of the commander of the Russian troops in the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "1":

The number "1" denotes the battle of Mukden in Manchuria. General Kuropatkin commanded the Russian troops.

15. Indicate the name of the battle, the area of ​​​​which is shaded and indicated on the diagram by the number "2":

The number "2" denotes the Tsushima naval battle.

16. What judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three sentences from the six offered. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table:

1) The city indicated on the diagram by the number "3" was not surrendered to the enemy
2) The Russian squadron in the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "2", was commanded by Z.P. Rozhdestvensky
3) The peace treaty following the war, the events of which are indicated in the diagram, was signed in the American city of Portsmouth
4) One of the defenders of the city, indicated on the diagram by the number "3", was R.I. Kondratenko
5) As a result of the war, the events of which are indicated on the diagram, Russia lost the city of Vladivostok
6) In the battle, indicated on the diagram by the number "1", the Russian troops won.

Here again we choose the correct judgments. The number 3 denotes the fortress city of Port Arthur, it was surrendered to the enemy by General Stessel in 1904. Accordingly, 1) is not suitable. 2) - suitable, because The Russian squadron was commanded by Rozhestvensky. 3) - suitable, because the peace treaty was indeed signed in the American Portsmouth. 4) - suitable, because Kondratenko is the hero of the defense of Port Arthur. 5) - not suitable, Russia did not lose Vladivostok. 6) - does not fit, near Mukden, the Russian army, rather, was defeated, and Mukden was captured by the Japanese.

17. Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position of the second column:

MONUMENTS OF CULTURE
A) "The Tale of Bygone Years"
B) Tsar Cannon
C) the painting "Boyar Morozova"
D) sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Woman"

CHARACTERISTICS
1) a cultural monument created in the 16th century.
2) a cultural monument created in the 17th century. author - I.E. Repin
4) author - V.I. Mukhina
5) author-monk of the Kiev Caves Monastery Nestor
6) author - V.I. Surikov

The Tale of Bygone Years, according to the generally accepted version, was written by the monk Nestor. The Tsar Cannon was cast by master Chokhov in the 16th century. The painting “Boyar Morozova” was painted by V.I. Surikov. The sculpture "Worker and Collective Farm Woman" was created by V.I. Mukhina.

18. What statements about this coin are correct? Choose two sentences from the five offered:

1) This coin was issued after the Caribbean Crisis
2) The monument depicted on the coin was erected in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad
3) By the time of the collapse of the USSR, the number of ribbons on the coat of arms of the USSR depicted on the coin had decreased
4) The war, in which the coin is dedicated to the anniversary of victory, began in the first decade of June
5) The monument depicted on the coin was designed by the sculptor V.I. Mukhina.

The commemorative coin depicts the sculpture "The Motherland Calls". It was created by 1967 according to the project of the sculptor Vuchetich. Again, we choose the right judgments. 1) - right, the Caribbean crisis was in 1962. 2) - right, in memory of the Battle of Stalingrad and installed in Volgograd. Here you can stop, in the condition it was required to choose two correct judgments. 3) - not true, the number of tapes has not changed since 1956. 4) - not true, the Second World War began on June 22, and this is the third decade. 5) - not true, Vuchetich.

19. Indicate the photographs showing the buildings, the construction of which was completed in the same period when this coin was issued (during the period of the USSR leadership of the same statesman):

To begin with, we need to remember who led the USSR in 1967, by the time the monument “The Motherland Calls!” was opened! In Volgograd. This is L.I. Brezhnev (1964-1982). This means that the building under the number 2) is suitable - the house of the Soviets, built in the late 1970s, and 3) is the house-book on Novy Arbat, built under Brezhnev.

ASSIGNMENTS 20-25

From the Emperor's Manifesto

“Immortal Glory, Wise Monarch, Dear Sovereign, Our Grandfather, Peter the Great, Emperor of All Russia, what a burden and colossal labors he was forced to endure solely for the well-being and benefit of his fatherland, raising Russia to perfect knowledge of both military, civil and political affairs , not only the whole of Europe; but the greater part of the world is an unfaltering witness. But how to restore this it was necessary, in the first place ... to teach the noble nobility and show how great are the advantages of the enlightened powers in the prosperity of the human race against countless peoples, immersed in the depths of ignorance; then, therefore, at that time, self-extremism insisted Russian nobility, showing his excellent signs of mercy to them, ordered them to enter the military and civil services, and, moreover, to teach noble youth, not only various liberal sciences, but also many useful arts ...
The aforementioned establishment, although at the beginning it was somewhat coercive, but very useful, was followed by all those who have owned the Russian Throne since the time of Peter the Great, and especially Our Dear Aunt, blessed memory, the Empress Empress Elizaveta Petrovna, imitating the deeds of Her Sovereign Parent, knowledge political affairs and various sciences has spread and multiplied ... We see with our pleasure, and every true son of his fatherland must admit that countless benefits followed from that, rudeness was exterminated in those who are negligent about the common good, ignorance was changed into common sense, useful knowledge and diligence in service has multiplied skillful and brave generals in military affairs, in civil and political affairs it has placed knowledgeable and fit people, in a word to conclude, noble thoughts have rooted in the hearts of all true Russian patriots boundless loyalty and love to us, great zeal and excellent zeal for Our service, and therefore We do not find the need for compulsion to service, which until now has been needed ...

1) All nobles who are in Our different services can continue it for as long as they wish ... "

20. Indicate the year in which this manifesto was issued. Indicate the emperor who issued this manifesto. Specify the name of this manifest:

At the very beginning of the document, it is indicated that this is a manifesto. The text of the document refers to the release of the nobles from the compulsory service established by Peter I. Accordingly, this is the Manifesto on the Liberty of the Nobility of 1762, and its author is Peter III.

21. What, according to the author of the manifesto, is the reason that forced Peter I to oblige the nobles to serve and study? In what way does the author of the manifesto see the merit of Elizaveta Petrovna? How does the author explain the reason for the decision expressed in the last sentence of this passage?

This task can be performed based solely on the text of the document. 1) The reason was the need to have an educated nobility to serve for the benefit of the fatherland. 2) Elizaveta Petrovna “distributed and multiplied various sciences” (founded Moscow University, for example). 3) The reason is that the nobility became educated and diligent in service. And therefore, there is no need to force him to it.

22. List any three measures not mentioned in this manifesto that the author of the manifesto took during his reign:

Peter III ruled for a short time, about six months, was killed by guards conspirators who elevated Catherine II to the throne, but managed to do something. Firstly, he canceled the persecution of the Old Believers (Pugachev promised the old faith, posing as Peter III); secondly, he began the secularization of church lands, which was then continued by Catherine II; thirdly, he led Russia out of the Seven Years' War by entering into an alliance with Prussia, which, in many ways, brought the wrath of the guards on him.

23. In 1990, a program was developed for the transition of the USSR to market economy called "500 days". Specify any two directions of reforming the economy that were envisaged to be carried out as part of the implementation of this program. Specify the reason for the rejection of this program by the President of the USSR:

The 500 Days program envisaged a transition to a market economy, for which it was necessary: ​​1) to privatize state property and 2) to abolish centralized management of the economy, i.e. planning. Gorbachev rejected this program for fear of social unrest.

24. There are debatable problems in historical science, on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view that exist in historical science:

"The political activity of Prince Svyatoslav Igorevich was successful"

Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can support this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. When presenting arguments, be sure to use historical facts.

REASONING

Arguments to support:

1) Svyatoslav defeated a neighbor Kievan Rus- The Khazar Khaganate, to which the Slavs once even paid tribute.

2) He appointed the rulers of individual lands not the leaders of tribal unions, as it was before, but his sons, which reduced the risk of separatism.

Arguments in rebuttal:

1) Svyatoslav spent a lot of time on campaigns, leaving Kyiv without cover for the squad, which the Pechenegs used more than once.

2) Svyatoslav was defeated by the Byzantine army, having concluded a peace that was not particularly beneficial for Rus', and was killed by the Pechenegs, returning home from this campaign.

25. You need to write historical essay about one of the periods of Russian history:

1) 912-945; 2) December 1812 - December 1825; 3) March 1921 - October 1928. The essay must:

Evgeny Mikhailovich Polushin, history teacher:“I decided to take the period from December 1812 to December 1825. This is the time from the expulsion of the French from Russian territory during Patriotic War 1812 to the Decembrist uprising. In this eventful historical period, in my opinion, two stand out in particular - the creation of the Holy Alliance in 1815 and the uprising of the Decembrists in 1825.

The initiator of the creation of the Holy Alliance was the Russian Emperor Alexander I, who from his youth dreamed of an international arbitration court, necessary to prevent military conflicts. The Holy Alliance was formed after the Napoleonic Wars in order to preserve the European order that was established after the victory of the anti-French coalition over Napoleonic France and the prevention of revolutions.

This union, originally founded by Russia, Prussia and Austria, gradually included almost all European monarchs. But the existence of the Holy Alliance did not bring the fruits that Alexander I had hoped for. Russia, faithful to the ideals of the Holy Alliance, suppressed the Polish uprising of 1830-1831. and even sent Russian troops to suppress the revolution in Austria-Hungary. Such activity of Russia frightened some European countries and made it possible to suspect our country of expansion plans, for example, in the Balkans, which later affected during the Crimean War, in which Russia had no allies. The lack of allies and international isolation were important reasons for Russia's humiliating defeat in this war.

N. Muravyov is one of the founders of the Northern Society of Decembrists and the author of the "Constitution" - the program of this society. Secret societies arose among Russian officers after the foreign campaign of the Russian army. In Europe, they got acquainted with the way of life and methods of government, which were very different from Russian realities. The absence of serfdom, the relative economic well-being of the peasants, the officers dreamed of realizing in Russia. On the way to this, in their opinion, stood the autocratic power, firmly guarding serfdom and administrative arbitrariness. Although until the end of the 1810s, its young officers hoped for the goodwill of the emperor and dreamed of helping the authorities in reforming the country. Convinced that Alexander lost interest in reforms, the conspirators headed for an armed uprising. The northern society, created by N. Muravyov, represented the moderate wing of the conspirators, who assumed the preservation of the monarchy, provided that it became constitutional. The uprising of the Decembrists, as they were later called, took place on December 14, 1825 and was brutally suppressed by troops loyal to the government. The Decembrists had a huge impact on the further history of our country, stirring up the thinking part of society, becoming an example of disinterested service to the idea of ​​​​the country's well-being. Although there is another opinion formulated by P. Chaadaev. He did not approve of the Decembrist uprisings. He considered it senseless and even harmful, frightened and embittered the authorities, and made liberal reforms impossible in the foreseeable future. In many ways, he was right."

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There will be only 4 cartographic tasks in your version of the exam - these are tasks 13-16.

The first three of them can bring one point to your piggy bank, but the last one has a cost of 2 points. But it is worth noting that it is much more complicated. Before proceeding with the answer to the first task on the map, it is worth studying the statements presented in the last task. They are likely to give you an idea of ​​what event is represented. After reviewing the statements, move on to get to know the card itself and its legend. Pay attention to place names and various designations, for example, years, arrows indicating the movement of armies, and so on.

When the map has been studied, try to determine what event is being discussed and proceed to the study of the issue itself. It is possible that the first time you will not find the answer, and the task itself will seem too difficult for you. Skip the task in case of difficulty and return to it when you complete the rest of the tasks on the map.

Task execution algorithm

1. We read statements from task 16
2. We consider the provided scheme / map
3. We are looking for marker words (toponyms, symbols)
4. Determine which event the card belongs to
5. We carefully read the text of the task
6. Finding the answer to the problem
7. Making the final choice
8. Write down the answer

Analysis of typical tasks No. 14 from the exam in history

The first version of the task (demo version of 2018)

Write the name of the city, indicated on the diagram by the number “2”, during the period of events shown on the diagram by arrows.

Let's study the map carefully. From the legend we see that we are talking about Old Russian period, because unions of Slavic tribes, as well as campaigns of princes, appear.

We recall which of the Russian princes went to Bulgaria and at the same time to Byzantium. We conclude that these are the campaigns of Prince Svyatoslav, and therefore, we are talking about the tenth century.

We concluded that we have before us the campaigns of the Russian princes of the 10th century. The number “2” on the map indicates a part of Byzantium, namely, the city that is its capital.

In the 10th century, this city was called Constantinople. Then you can come across the names of Constantinople, Istanbul, Byzantium and even New Rome.

Answer: Constantinople

The second version of the task (collection of Artasov)

Review the diagram and complete the task. Indicate the name of the peninsula, indicated on the diagram by the number “1”.

This card is not heavy. Even looking at it for the first time, we understand that we are talking about the Russo-Japanese war of 1904-1905. But in fact, in this particular task, we do not need an event. We only need to understand, from the point of view of geography, which peninsula is marked. We understand that Korea is currently located there, and, accordingly, the Korean Peninsula.

Answer: Korean

The third version of the assignment (Artasov's collection)

Name the Russian emperor who ruled during the war, the events of which are indicated in the diagram.

We have already determined that on this map we are given the events of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877-1878. There are many clues on the map to help understand this (for example, the name of the Turkish leader is Osman Pasha, the capture of Plevna and the defense of Shipka, the city of San Stefano, where the San Stefano peace treaty was signed.

We just have to decide which Russian emperors rules at this time. From the Russian side, the treaty was signed by the Russian ambassador in Constantinople, Count Nikolai Ignatiev, and the head of the diplomatic office in the Balkans, A. I. Nelidov. Both of them were contemporaries of Alexander II.

Answer: Alexander II

The fourth version of the assignment (Artasov's collection)

Review the diagram and complete the task. What is the name of the military commander whose tent is indicated on the diagram by the number "3".

This is one of the most famous maps, which is available in almost all sources for preparation. We can easily determine that this is the Battle of Kulikovo in 1380. This is one of those battles that you need to thoroughly study for the exam.

Battle of Kulikovo

The main trick of this task is that the indicated tent did not belong to the Russian commander Dmitry Donskoy, but rather to the enemy. Seeing the need to name the commander, we would naturally write Dmitry Donskoy, because he became the most famous participant this event. Carelessness can lead us to the wrong answer. As already mentioned, this is the enemy's camp. And the main opponent in this battle for us was Mamai.

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25.

26.

To prepare for the exam in history, it is extremely important to be able to navigate in the space of a geographical and historical map. Let's see how these tasks look in the demo version of the exam.

USE assignments in the history of the map.

We have already spoken about the methodology of working with a historical map in this section more than once. In short - you need to disassemble everything key events stories. For this, school contour maps, for example, are quite useful.

For example, I propose to take tasks from the USE demo version of 2017. Also, as in part 1, there is a block of questions (there are 4 of them) to the historical map. It has also not been changed from previous demos. The score here is as follows: 13-1, 14-1, 15-1, 16 - maximum 2.

To begin with, we are trying to identify the presented historical map! We see Russian cities (Moscow, Kolomna, Rostov, Suzdal), but we do not see a single state! Instead, cities share borders. Therefore, we have before us the period of Russian lands.

And now let's remember the main military threat to the Russian lands in given period. The main consequence of the fragmentation of Rus' was the invasion of the Tatars and the subsequent defeat in the absence of unity.

Yes, this is Batu(Batu Khan's answer is also acceptable), on the map his campaign in northeastern Rus' 1237-1238

Answer: BAT.

Question from 14 to the orientation on the map of Rus' during the period of fragmentation. So, what city was next to Suzdal?

14. Write the name of the city indicated on the diagram by the number "1".

Yes it Vladimir-on-Klyazma (or simply Vladimir), the new capital of the principality, built by Andrey Bogolyubsky. And Suzdal - old capital, therefore the principality was called Vladimir-Suzdal.

Answer: VLADIMIR

15. Indicate the name of the city, indicated on the map by a number, where during the period of this campaign there was a republican form of government.

The question is not directly related to the map, rather it is the knowledge of the period. Yes, of course, Mr. Veliky Novgorod, it was here that the boyar republic existed.

Answer: NOVGOROD (NOVGORODVELIKY).

AND last question to the card for multiple choice answers.

Task 16 Unified State Examination in History

Here, too, you need a fairly deep understanding of the topic and its nuances. For example, 1) Did the conquerors invade Rus' in the winter? It turns out yes! They were afraid to go through the dense forests of the north-east of Rus', they walked along the beds of frozen rivers. Usually, of course, the nomads attack in the summer, when the horses are full and have eaten on the spring pastures.

2) None of the cities captured by the conquerors survived the siege for more than one week. The small town of Kozelsk (Batu called it "evil"), it is not even marked on this map, withstood 7 weeks of siege, and Torzhok - 2 weeks. Of the five months of the winter campaign of 1237/38 against Rus', Batu spent two months on Kozelsk.

3) Yam and Koporye were captured by the conquerors during the events indicated by arrows on the diagram. For attentiveness. We look at the map, and we see that the troops of Batu Khan simply DID NOT REACH them (as well as to Novgorod the Great, which is much more important, in fact).

4) One of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state. Cause and effect are confused. On the contrary, fragmentation is the root cause of foreign policy failure.

5) The conquerors, whose campaign is indicated by arrows on the diagram, invaded the borders of Rus' from the southeast. Just on the knowledge of the cardinal points and the ability to navigate on a geographical map!

6) Rus' fell into the yoke - dependence on the state of the Golden Horde, created by Batu in 1243.

Answer: 156.

Thus, having correctly determined what kind of card you were given in the exam, you can immediately get 6 primary points, which will be tenth Your USE scores!

Recall that you can complete tasks with a map and discuss them

Old Russian state

862/882 - 1132/1240

1. How many tribal associations lived on the territory of the future Kievan Rus?

2. Tribe indicated by number (1)

3. A city (2) based on the land of the glades.

4 . It went from the Baltic Sea through the Neva to Lake Ladoga, along the Volkhov River to Lake ...? ..., and from there up the Lovat River to its upper reaches, here the ships were dragged to the upper reaches ... ? …. and descended on it into the Black Sea. What is it about?

5 .Choose the correct judgments:

A.Slavs belong to the Indo-European language group.

B. Tribes: Chud, all, Karelians belong to the Eastern Slavs.

B. The most ancient gods Eastern Slavs were Perun, Veles and Mokosh.

D. Slash-and-burn agriculture was widespread among the Eastern Slavs

E. The descendants of the Eastern Slavs are Russians, Ukrainians and Bulgars.

1. Slavic tribe that lived in this city.

2 . What legendary prince did it become the place of calling?

3. What form of government was typical for this city?

4. Choose the right judgments :

1) Unlike other Russian lands, a people's veche was rarely convened in this city.

2) During the period of political fragmentation of the Russian lands, a strong princely power was established in this city.

3) It was in this city that Prince Yaroslav the Wise built Saint Sophia Cathedral in honor of the victory over the Pechenegs and the Golden Gate.

4) During the Mongol-Tatar invasion, it was destroyed to the ground.

5) From 1113 to 1125 Prince Vladimir Monomakh ruled in the city.

6) The city depicted on the plan was annexed to the Muscovite state in 1478.

1 . What is the name of the path marked on the map?

2. The name of the prince who established control over this trade route

3 .Write a number indicating the city, which in Rus' was called Tsargrad

Choose three sentences from the six offered. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

1) this trade route was the most important in Europe during this period

2) Byzantium was the main trading partner of Rus' during this period.

3) since the beginning of the 10th century, Russian princes have been making military campaigns against Byzantium

4) the main allies of the Russian princes at the end of the 9th - beginning of the 10th centuries were the Pechenegs

5) the main exports were incense and fruit

6) the population of Ancient Rus' paid tribute to the Grand Duke for the protection of the trade route

1 . What event is shown on the map?

2 . At what time did this

3 . In 964 Svyatoslav "went to the Oka

river and the Volga, and met ....... (1i

taxed them."

4. Choose the right judgments:

A. The occurrence of this phenomenon was

associated with the expansion of power

Russ into a part of East Slavic

tribes .

B. Annual detour of the subject

population ("people") Old Russian

princes, boyars-voivodes and their

warriors in the 10th-13th centuries. with the aim of

feeding and collecting taxes.

B. The first uprising in 945 among

Slavs associated with the collection of tribute.

G. Svyatoslav the first of the Russian princes

was able to streamline this system,

introducing graveyards and lessons.

D. Collection of tribute from subject Slavic

tribes produced princely

officials - Basques

1 .Name the prince of Rus' who made this trip to Byzantium?

2. “It is as if the Greeks have heavenly lightning and, by releasing it, they set fire to us; that’s why they didn’t overcome them.” What do these words from the annals say?

3. Indicate the number of the city whose inhabitants killed the prince in 945.

4. Choose the right judgments:

A. The aforementioned prince, according to chronicle tradition, is the son of Oleg the Prophet.

B. He became the first Russian prince to be named in non-Russian sources.

C. During the next campaign in 944, the Byzantine emperor, warned in advance, sent ambassadors with rich gifts to meet the Russian army that had already reached the Danube and thereby paid off.

G. This prince died during the polyudye at the hands of the glades.

E. The treaty of 944 formulated a provision on mutual military assistance between the Russian Grand Duke and the Byzantine tsars

1. What century do the events depicted on the map belong to?

2. Determine the missing person in the sequence of princes: Rurik-Oleg-Igor-Olga-……..Vladimir-……Izyaslav.

3. With which country (number 1) did Prince Vladimir sign an agreement in 985?

4. Choose the right judgments:

A. The Khazar Khaganate was defeated by Svyatoslav.

B. City with a number 2 - This is Pereyaslavets.

IN. Turkic tribes that threatened Russian lands from the end of IX to 1036 - Pechenegs

D. This map refers to the history of the Muscovite kingdom

D. Prince, whose campaigns are depicted on the map, received the nickname Wise.

E. This prince died during the return from a military campaign at the hands of the Pecheneg prince Kurya.

1 .What natural phenomenon for feudal states is shown on the map?

2. What centuries in the history of Russia does it cover?

3. Where (1), when and by whom were the words spoken: “Why are we destroying the Russian land, bringing quarrels on ourselves? And the Polovtsy plunder our land and rejoice that internecine wars are tearing us apart. and let each own his own father"

4. Choose the correct judgment:

A. The disintegration of the Old Russian state was facilitated by the division of lands and endless strife between the princes.

B. In the 30s. XII in Kievan land began to disintegrate into independent political entities - destinies. By the middle of the XII century. there were 50 of them.

C. Of the large number of sovereign lands into which the Old Russian state broke up, the largest were the Vladimir-Suzdal, Galicia-Volyn principalities and the Kiev principality.

D. The form of power in Novgorod land there was a republic where even real politics were determined by the powerful Novgorod boyars and a strong veche

1 . Whose campaigns are depicted on

2. Name the state ,(1)

ceased to exist

after his trip.

3. Name the number that

marked the city, which the prince

wanted to make the center of his land.

Name this city.

4. Which of these judgments is correct?

A. War with Byzantium in 971

ended with the victory of Rus'.

B.K principality (3) based

after the conquest of Taman

peninsula given by the prince, is called

Tmutarakan

V. This prince remained to the end

pagan, explaining that a Christian is not

D. He arranged management in a new way

state: put the son of Yaropolk on

Kiev reign, Oleg - on

drevlyanskoye, Vladimir - on

Novgorod.

D. After his death, the first

internecine war in Rus'.

The period of political fragmentation of the Old Russian state.

(Specific Rus')

XII-XIII centuries.

1

2. Which principality is hidden under the number 2.

3. Name the princes of this principality.

4. What event is shown by the arrows?

5. Which of these statements are correct:

A. Among the factors that caused the collapse of the Old Russian state was the system of subsistence farming.

B.Principalities in this era conducted their own foreign policy, concluded agreements with foreign states. V. Thanks to this phenomenon, internecine wars stopped in Rus'

G. Rus came out of this state before all other countries.

E. The result of this phenomenon was the weakening of the military potential of the country.

1. Name the principality shown on the map north of the Smolensk principality.

2. What city is indicated by the number 1?

3. What form of government was characteristic of this principality?

4. Choose the right judgments:

A.N the people's assembly, which decided the main issues of this land, is called vira.

B. The prince, whom the inhabitants of the city expelled in 1136, was called Mstislav Vladimirovich

V.V XII-XIII centuries. in this principality, princes changed 68 times

D. This form of government was characteristic of Pskov.

D. The freedom of this land was eliminated only under Ivan IV.

E. During the period greatest development it reached north to the Bering Sea, and in the east it spread beyond Ural mountains. Covered almost the entire modern north-west of Russia.

1. What military event is shown on the map?

2. Whose (number 1)

In battle, remaining on the right bank of the river in a fortified camp.

3 .To whom did the Polovtsian Khan Kotyan address with the words “And if you don’t help us, we will be cut now, and you will be cut in the morning.”

4. Choose the right judgments:

A. At the head of the Mongol-Tatar troops was Batu Khan.

B. In this battle, the troops of the Mongol-Tatars were commanded by experienced

commanders Subedei and Jebe.

D. Only a tenth of the Russian troops returned from the battlefield.

E. The Mongols did not shed a single drop of blood of the Russian princes - the princes were crushed under the boards on which the winners feasted

E. After this victory, the Mongol-Tatars invaded Rus' and, having devastated it, returned home

1. Write the name of the commander who carried out the campaign, indicated by arrows on the diagram.

2. Write the name of the city indicated by the number "1" on the diagram.

3. The City Called by M/T "Evil City"

4. Which judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct:

A) the conquerors invaded the borders of Rus' in the winter

b) none of the cities captured by the conquerors survived the siege

more than one week

V) the campaign, indicated by arrows in the diagram, lasted about three years

G) one of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning

fragmentation of the Old Russian state

d) as a result of the events indicated on the diagram, the Russian lands became dependent

e) the commander, whose campaign is indicated on the diagram, is the founder of the state

1. Where and to what

took place

this battle?

2. country whose

conquerors

invaded

limits of Rus'.

3. Who in 1710's

memory of this

battle founded in

mouth of the Black River

in St. Petersburg

Alexander Nevsky

monastery?

4. Choose the right judgment:

A. Novgorod prince during this battle "on the face of the king himself left a trace of a sharp

spears of his ... "

B. Having won a victory over the Swedes, the Russian troops stopped their advance to Ladoga and

Novgorod, and thereby averted the danger of coordinated action by Sweden and

Orders in the near future.

B. The victory of the Russians in this battle was achieved by numerical superiority.

D. However, because of the fear that after the victory the role of the young prince in the conduct of business

may increase, the Novgorod boyars began to build all sorts of intrigues for the prince, and the prince

went to his father.

E. This prince went in 1262 to the Golden Horde to Khan Berke with gifts to propitiate him.

1. What is the name of the great battle of the 13th century depicted on the map?

2. When did it take place?

3. The name of the prince, with whom this battle is connected.

4. Choose the right judgments:

A. The Russians fought with the knights of the Livonian Order on Lake Ilmen.

B.B The military order of the troops of the German knights was called a wedge.

IN. The young prince in this battle used a new military trick - an ambush regiment.

D. After the victory of the Russians, the order's ambassadors solemnly renounced all encroachments on the Russian lands, which were temporarily captured by the order.

D. In 1938, Sergei Bondarchuk was removed Feature Film"Alexander Nevsky", in which the Battle on the Ice was filmed

1. With what people

this is related

2. Founder of this

3.Which country

marked

4. She was

conquered by data

people in 1211-

4. years of conquest

given people

5. Indicate the number that indicates the city of Kievan Rus, which did not pay yasak to the conquerors.

6 . Choose the correct statements: As a result of the invasion of Rus'

A. there was an alienation of Southern and South-Western Rus',

B. accelerating the formation of an aristocratic republic

V. destroyed many monuments of spiritual and material culture.

G. killed the majority of the population of Rus';

D. Most of the land was not affected.

E. Rus retained its statehood and culture.

The rise of Moscow, the unification of Russian lands.

Late XIII-XV I centuries

1. What process does this map describe?

2. What is the name of the first Moscow prince and the year of separation of the principality from N / V Rus'.

3. Who and when addressed with the words: “Know that you will not have either a veche bell or a mayor, but there will be only the power of the sovereign, as in the country of Moscow”?

4. Choose the right judgments:

A. Moscow's main rival in the fight for unification is No. 9.

B. In Southwestern Rus', the collection of Russian lands was carried out by the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, which reached its maximum territorial expansion by the end of the 15th century.

V.Moscow principality under Ivan III increased by 6 times.

D. Accession of land took place only by military means.

D. Great importance in the association was the transfer of the residence of the patriarch from Byzantium to Moscow, which turned into the spiritual center of the resurgent Russian state.

1. Name the Moscow prince who made this campaign.

2. Indicate the number that indicates the place and name of the battle.

3 . When did this great battle take place?

4. Choose the correct judgment:

A. To strengthen Moscow under this prince was built

white stone kremlin

B. Before this famous battle, two battles took place on the Kalka River (1377) and on the City River (1378)

V. Many of his “wars” were given to the Moscow prince by the main rival, the prince of Tver.

D. Before the Great Sich, the young prince of Moscow received a blessing from Abbot Sergius of Radonezh.

D. In 1382, Tokhtamysh led a campaign against Rus', trying to restore tributary dependence.

1. Name the opposing

commanders involved

in this battle.

2. famous duel battle

Tatar………with a monk……….

3. About what military trick

Moscow prince says

the phrase of the Tatars "young with

they fought us, but doblii

(the best, older ones) have survived"

4. What army is indicated

5. Choose the Right

judgments: As a result of this

A. military and political

domination of the Golden Horde

dealt a severe blow.

B. attached to Moscow

organizer value

reunification of Russian lands

IN. Mongol-Tatars defeated

Moscow victory

G. The yoke was finally lifted

Golden Horde

D. Payment has been stopped

Tribute to the Golden Horde by Moscow.

5. Name the literary

memorials for this event.

1. During the reign of which Russian prince these events took place.

2. What is the name of this event.

3. State the date of the event.

4. Khan of the Golden Horde, who did not agree with the loss of power over Russia.

5. Choose the right judgments:

A. This historical event took place on the territory of the Moscow Principality

B. The campaign of the Khan of the Great Horde was caused by Moscow's refusal in 1476 to pay an annual tribute to the Horde

IN." Standing" put an end to the Mongol-Tatar yoke. G.Muskovskoe state became sovereign in fact.

D.This event caused the collapse of the Golden Horde

1. During the years of the reign of which prince, the cities indicated on the diagram by the numbers "1" and "2" entered the united Russian state.

2. What years were they included?

3. What is the name of the wife of the Novgorod posadnik, who organized the opposition of the Novgorodians to Moscow.

4. Choose the correct judgment:

A. Tver was annexed as a result of the war

B. The Moscow prince promised not to involve Novgorodians in serving on the southern borders

V. In 1489, western Siberia, a remote land beyond the Volga, was annexed to the Russian state.

Moscow Principality under this prince was increased 6 times.

D. In 1478, the wedding of this great Moscow prince to the kingdom took place.

E. The campaign, marked in black, was made in 1480 by Khan Mamai.

1. Name the king who made this campaign.

2. In what year and from what city was it made?

3. Name the fortress (1), built in 4 weeks, which served as a stronghold for the Russian army to conquer this city and the khanate.

4. Choose the correct judgments:

A. The young tsar was also driven to war with Kazan by economic reasons, primarily the desire to freely carry out trade along the entire space of the Volga route.

B. The city was taken during the first campaign of the young king.

G. The capture of the city put an end to the existence of the Kazan Khanate as an independent state.

1. The plan of which city is shown on the map.

2. What was the name of the last khan, the Kazan khan, whom the tsar called on to enter his service, becoming his vassal and subsequently captured during the storming of the city.

3. What judgments relating to these events are correct?

A. to conquer the capital of the khanate, a series of military campaigns was undertaken: the first two of them were unsuccessful;

B. In 1559, the Moscow Tsar laid siege to the capital of the Khanate for the third time;

C. After the explosion of the city walls with gunpowder laid in secret mines, the city was taken by storm, a significant part of the population was killed, and the city itself burned down;

D. As a result of the events indicated in the diagram, the khanate ceased to exist, and the Middle Volga region was largely annexed to Russia, as a result, prerequisites arose for the development of the Volga region by Russian settlers, further advancement to the Urals and Siberia

E. One of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Golden Horde;

E. In memory of the capture of the capital and the victory over the khanate, St. Basil's Cathedral was built on Red Square in Moscow.

1. Write the name of the war whose events are reflected on the map.

2. The name of the city in which the punitive campaign of government troops was carried out, accompanied by massacres at the height of this war.

3. The number that denotes the "unofficial capital" of the state after the departure of the tsar from Moscow in 1564. On initial stage war.

4. What judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct?

A . Russia won this war

B . The war ended with the signing

Yam-Zapolsky and Plyussky

truces.

C. During the war, the government lifted restrictions on the right of peasants to move to another

G. Russia's opponent in this war was Sweden.

E. During the war, a new state of Rzeczpospolita was formed

E. The war took place in the final period of the formation of a unified Russian state.

1. Under which prince

did these events happen?

2. "Velmy is courageous, and

human, and transparent, and

satisfied with all wisdom,

flat-faced, black-bradoyu,

middle age, and

flat and broad-shouldered.” About whom

these words?

3. What years were

lands attached

Western Siberia?

4. Choose the correct judgments:

A. This expedition of the Cossacks to Siberia was equipped by the merchants Demidovs.

B. The Cossacks were supposed to protect the towns of Russian merchants from predatory attacks from

side of the Siberian Khan Kuchum.

V. In 1585, the Cossack ataman drowned in the Chusovaya River during the battle.

D. The campaign of the Cossack squad Yermak created favorable conditions for joining

Siberia to the Russian state

D. The world's first linear icebreaker was named after him.

1. What is the name of the period in history whose events are depicted on the map?

2. With whose death is the crossing of the Rurik dynasty connected?

3. Name the first elected king, in whose reign False Dmitry I appeared.

4. The name of the Polish king (2), who aspired to the Russian throne.

5. What movement is shown by the number (1) and with whose names is it associated?

6. Choose the right judgments:

A. False Dmitry II received the nickname of Uglich.

B. TO Ostroma peasant who accomplished a feat in the name of the Russian people was called Ivan Susanin

C. The state under the number 4 is Norway, which invaded our country under the Vyborg Treaty

7. What Russian city (3) remained in the hands of Poland under the Deulino agreement?

8 .When and what kind of peace was signed with Sweden?

1. What historical event is related to this card?

2. What is the chronological framework of this struggle. Who led this movement?

3. City (1), where on January 8, 1654, the Rada spoke in favor of joining Ukraine to Russia.

4. Choose the right judgment:

A. This event refers to the reign of Peter I.

B. In 1943, an order was established in the USSR in honor of the person who led this movement, which was awarded to commanders and soldiers of the Red Army.

C. As a result of this war, the whole of Ukraine was included in Russia.

D. The largest battle took place near Poltava.

1. What is the chronological framework of this historical event.

2. What are the reasons for this war?

3. What coalition opposed Sweden?

4. Identify the city hidden under #1.

5. Name and number of the city where the general battle took place?

6. In which city was the peace treaty signed?

7 .Choose the correct judgment:

As a result of the war:

A. Russia passed Estland, Livonia and Ingermanland, part of Karelia.

B. Russia received a large indemnity

IN. Finland returned to Sweden.

G. Russia undertook to pay Sweden 2 million rubles in silver as compensation for the acquired territories.

D. The cities of Narva, Yam, Koporye and Yuryev were given to Sweden.

E. Russia established maritime trade with Europe.

AT 8. In what battle was the order given, requiring the soldiers to fight not for Peter, but for "Russia and Russian piety ..."

AT 9. Name the date of this battle

AT 10 O'CLOCK. Name the war in which this battle took place

1) the army of King Charles XII was so bloodless that it could no longer conduct active offensive operations

2) the Ukrainian hetman Mazepa assisted Peter I.

3) during the battle, Peter dressed the experienced soldiers in the uniform of the young ones. Karl, knowing that the form of experienced fighters is different from the form of young ones, led his army to young fighters and fell into a trap.

4) Charles XII and Mazepa managed to escape, the Swedish king fled to the territory of the Ottoman Empire

5) Russia lost this battle due to the lack of artillery.

6) in the battle, the Swedes lost over 11 thousand soldiers. Russian losses were 2 times less.

Q8. What is the name of the war to which this naval battle belongs?

Q9. What year

it happened

sea ​​battle?

AT 10 O'CLOCK. Name the place of the battle

AT 11. Choose three correct statements

1. One of the commanders in the battle was General-Admiral Count F.M. Apraksin

2. This battle was the first major victory for the Russian regular fleet.

3. The battle took place near the island of Grengam

4. Victory provided Russia with freedom of action throughout the Baltic Sea

5. In this battle, Russia used a steam fleet

6. The battle took place in 1720.

In this battle, Shautbenacht Pyotr Mikhailov proposed to build a perevolok (a wooden flooring for transferring part of the fleet across the narrow isthmus of the peninsula, for which, after the victory, he was promoted to vice admiral.

Who was hiding under the name Pyotr Mikhailov?

Q8. Under what name did this war enter Russian history?

AT 9. The surname of a statesman who received an honorary title for joining and developing the territories indicated on the diagram by the number "2".

AT 10 O'CLOCK. The name of the state, the main enemy of Russia in the war, whose government was called Porta.

AT 11. Choose three correct statements:

1) As a result of this war, Russia lost the territories shaded in the diagram.

2) The beginning of this war became a pretext for the termination of the activities of the Legislative Commission

3) After the end of the war, Russia became an empire.

4) The peace treaty that ended the war, the events of which are indicated in this diagram, was signed in the city marked with the number "1".

5) The consequence of the war, the events of which are depicted in this diagram, was Russia's access to the Black Sea.

6) Participants in the events of this war were A. Orlov and P. Rumyantsev.

Q8. Name the monarch during whose reign the war took place, the events of which are indicated in this diagram.

Q9. Determine the chronological framework of this war.

AT 10 O'CLOCK. What was the main reason for the war?

B10. Choose three correct judgments:

• During the war, the Russian army under the command of Rumyantsev and Suvorov defeated the Turkish troops in the battles of Larga and Cahul.
• The Russian fleet under the command of A. Orlov and G. Spiridov inflicted

defeat of the Turkish fleet in the Tsushima Strait.

3. In 1774, the Ottoman Empire signed the Kyuchuk-Kaynarji Treaty with Russia

4. As a result of the war, the Crimean Khanate formally gained independence under the protectorate of Russia.

5. Turkey conquered the northern coast of the Black Sea

AT 8. Write the name of the monarch during whose reign the war took place, the events of which are indicated in this diagram. AT 9. Name the dates of this war.

AT 10 O'CLOCK. Name the city marked with number 2

which they said: “Rather, the Danube will flow back and the sky will fall to the ground, than it will surrender ....”

AT 11. Choose three correct statements:

1. The consequence of this war in 1783 was a manifesto on the annexation of Crimea to Russia.

2. The main military battles took place on the Crimean peninsula.

C. In this war, the Russian fleet was commanded by Admiral F.F. Ushakov, who won a victory at Kaliakria (1791).

• As a result of the war, peace was signed in the city indicated on the diagram by the number 3.
• As a result of the war, the shaded territories went to Turkey
• In the battles at Rymnik, at Kinburn and Focsani, A.V. became famous. Suvorov
• Turkey's ally in this war was Austria

AT 8. name the process that characterizes this card?

Q9. What are the dates for the implementation of these actions by the European states.

AT 10 O'CLOCK. Name the countries that participated in these actions?

1. These events refer to the reign of Catherine II.

2. The suppression of the Polish uprising by T. Kosciuszko in 1794 was led by M.I. Kutuzov.

3. Western Belarus, Lithuania, Courland went to Russia in 1795

4. As a result of these events, an independent state ceased to exist

5. The territories that became part of Russia in 1795 were granted a Constitution.

6. After the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807, all these territories gained independence.

Q8. Give the exact start date of these military events. Name the emperors waging war against each other.

Q9. Name the commanders of the Russian army hidden behind the numbers 1 and 2.

AT 10 O'CLOCK. Violation of what condition of the Treaty of Tilsit became the main reason for war?

B11. Choose three correct judgments:

1. The retreating Russian armies managed to meet in the city at number 3.

2. The Emperor of the Russian Empire issued an order to protect Moscow by all means and forces.

3. Napoleon named M.I. Kutuzov "The Old Fox of the North".

• The end of the war was announced in November.
• The war lasted over a year.
• Two hordes on the monument "Grateful Russia" in Smolensk symbolize two Russian armies

• 1 . Name the place where this battle took place. Name her date. 2. What fortification was built before the Battle of Borodino in the center of the position of the Russian army 3. Name the commander of the fortifications, who heroically defended the left flank and was mortally wounded in this battle. 4. For which battle of the Patriotic War of 1812 M. I. Kutuzov received the rank of Field Marshal 5. Name the battles, the military governor of St. Petersburg, mortally wounded on Senate Square by the Decembrist Kakhovsky.
• 1 . Name the place where this battle took place. Name her date.
• 2. What fortification was built before the battle of Borodino in the center of the position of the Russian army
• 3. Name the commander of the fortifications who heroically defended the left flank and was mortally wounded in this battle.
• 4. For which battle of the Patriotic War of 1812 did M.I. Kutuzov receive the rank of Field Marshal General
• 5. Name the battles, the military governor of St. Petersburg, mortally wounded on Senate Square by the Decembrist Kakhovsky.

1. On what road did the Russian troops retreat after leaving Moscow?

2. For what purpose did Kutuzov carry out the "Tarutin maneuver"? What are the cities (identify the numbers) of the cities that Kutuzov defended by carrying out this maneuver?

3. What is the number that indicates the city, 8 times passed from hand to hand.

4. What battle is this memory talking about: “Everything was mixed up in a desperate fight ... A bunch of people were lying in the snow. But we knew that they would not reach the bridges, in order to do this, they would need to go over our bodies, killing us to the last. When did it happen?

5. What temple was erected in Moscow in honor of the victory over Napoleon. Call him an architect.

6. Who led the diplomatic mission that Napoleon sent to Kutuzov in Tarutino with the words: “ I need the world, I need it absolutely no matter what, save only honor »

IN 1. What war does this card belong to?

AT 2. Who commanded the Russian fleet in this battle? When did it take place?

AT 3. Why is it called the "swan song" of the sailing fleet?

AT 11. Choose the correct statements:

1 .The battle went down in history under the name Battle of Tsushima

2 The battle ended with the destruction of 15 out of 16 Turkish ships, and the Russian fleet had no losses in ships.

3 . The victory was the reason for the entry of England and France into the war with Russia.

4 . After this battle, naval tactics and shipbuilding around the world changed.

5. The commander of the fleet was Admiral Nakhimov

AT 8.What military events

described on this map?

AT 9. Against the coalition of which countries

had to fight Russia?

AT 10.Name the supreme

commander in chief in this war

AT 11. Choose three correct statements:

1. The defense of the city, indicated by the number 1, lasted 900 days.

2. Admirals Nakhimov, Istomin and Kornilov were the leaders of the defense of this city.

3. On September 8 (20), 1854, in the battle of Alta, the Allies defeated the Russian army, which was trying to block their path to Sevastopol

4. The last and most fierce battles took place on Mamaev Kurgan.

5. The city was taken by the allies only as a result of the sixth assault.

1. What is the name of this war?

2. What event was the reason for the start of this war?

3. Name the emperor who ruled during the war.

4. Choose the right judgments:

A. Russia sought to secure its southern borders, secure its influence in the Balkans, and establish control over the Black Sea straits of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles

B. The fighting took place in the Caucasus, in the Danube principalities, in the Baltic, Black, Azov, White and Barents Seas, as well as in Kamchatka

C. Under the terms of the Treaty of San Stefano, the Black Sea was declared neutral (that is, open to commercial and closed to military ships in peacetime), with the prohibition of Russia and the Ottoman Empire to have navies and arsenals there.

AT 8. Name the date of the war and the countries between which this war was fought.

AT 9. What unresolved issue caused the war on the part of Russia?

AT 10 O'CLOCK. What is the name of the mountain pass in Bulgaria through the Balkans, which was of great strategic importance during this war.

1. The generals of the Russian army, who distinguished themselves in this war, were Skobelev and I.V. Gurko.

2. Only the blockade of Plevna under the leadership of Totleben led to its fall in November 1877.

3 .The most fierce fighting took place near Sevastopol.

4 .According to the peace treaty, Serbia, Montenegro, Romania received complete independence.

5 .Under pressure from England, France and Austria-Hungary in Paris

Congress revised the results of the peace treaty.

6. Peace was signed in the city marked with the number 1.

1. What is the main reason for this war?

2. What years does it cover?

4. Determine the correct judgments:

A. The defense of Port Arthur lasted from July to December 1904.

B.The commander of the Russian army was A. Menshikov.

IN. The main battles took place near Liaoyang, Mukden, Shahe.

D. Under the terms of the Peace of Portsmouth, Japan received the p / o Liaodong with Port Arthur.

E . Russia lost South Sakhalin and was forced to pay a large indemnity

1. What military

actions are depicted

on the map.

2. Determine the main

reason and reason for this

3. Between which military

blocks turned around

fighting. Name

countries of each block.

A.The war has become protracted.

B. On the part of Russia, the war had a fair character.

IN. Outstanding commanders in this war were Gurko, Skobelev.

G. In 1915, the Russian army waged offensive battles, occupied Poland and Warsaw, Lithuania, and Z/Belarus.

D. As a result of the Brusilov breakthrough, the Russian army pushed the enemy back 120 km and destroyed 1.5 million enemy soldiers.

E. Russia emerged from the state of war on March 3, 1918 by signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, under the terms of which it paid 6 billion marks in reparations plus the payment of losses incurred by Germany during the Russian revolution - 500 million gold rubles.

D. L.D. Trotsky achieved the signing of this peace.

Soviet republic

1917–1991–

1 .The name of the period of national history, the events of which are depicted on the map.

2 .Determine the chronological framework of this event.

3 .What kind of events are depicted on the map.

4. Choose the correct judgment:

1). The main goal of the leadership of Poland was to restore the country within the historical borders of the Commonwealth of 1772

2) The Red Army was assisted by the allies in the First World War.

3) The period of the war indicated on the map includes the passage through the Sivash Bay.

4) In the west, the Red Army is fighting against the troops of General N. Yudenich.

5) The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918.

6) The troops of the Red Army in the south were commanded by M.V. Frunze, and Beloi-Wrangel.

1. Name the period in the history of Russia to which the events depicted on the map belong ___________.

2. During the events depicted on the map, the operation "Storm ______" was carried out

3. Name the commander of the Southern Front of the Red Army ______________

4. Select three correct judgments

1) The annexation of the peninsula to Russia took place in 1783.

2) The offensive of the Red Army began at the end of October 1919.

3) The Russian army was commanded by General Denikin

4) During this operation, the English Channel was crossed

5) The end of hostilities in the European part of Russia is connected with these events.

6) During the indicated operation, the Turkish shaft was taken by storm

1. The stamp depicts the events of the Civil War

2. The stamp depicts the commander of the Southern Front M.I. Frunze

3. The stamp was issued to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the events in 1942.

professional Bolshevik, leader of the first Soviet created during the first Russian revolution

1. What war does this operation belong to?

2. The surname of the commander-in-chief of the White Guard troops that reached the line indicated on the diagram by the number "2".

3. The city, indicated by the number "1" and which was the goal of the campaign of the White Guard troops, whose actions are shown in the diagram.

4. What judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct?

1) Significant damage to the rear of the White Guard troops, whose actions are indicated in the diagram, was inflicted by the army of N. P. Makhno.

2) After the defeat of the White Guard troops, whose actions are indicated in the diagram, their commander emigrated from Russia.

3) During the period of events indicated in the diagram, the Bolsheviks pursued a new economic policy.

4) The Commander-in-Chief of the White Army, whose actions are indicated on the diagram, had the title of Supreme Ruler of Russia.

5) The White Guard army, whose actions are indicated in the diagram, received weapons and ammunition from the Entente countries.

6) In the course of subsequent events that occurred immediately after those indicated on the diagram, the Whites managed to capture the city of Tula.

1. Determine which event

shown on the map.

2. Expand the main content

this plan.

3. What event should

end the attack.

4 . What is blitzkrieg?

5. What sea is hidden under the number 1.

6 . Determine the correct statements:

A. Participated in the war against the USSR

Finland, Germany, Italy,

Hungary, Romania.

B. Implementation of this plan

IN. For operational management

GKO was created, headed by Zhukov.

D.Battle near Moscow disrupted

implementation of this plan.

E. At the first stage of the war

the Soviet command chose

offensive tactics.

J. V. Stalin became the Supreme Commander during the war

1 .Specify the date of the given

historical event.

2. The code name for this operation.

3. Commanders on both sides

in this battle.

introduced….. ……….

5. Determine the correct judgments:

A. The purpose of the offensive was

the capture of Moscow before the offensive

Mozhaisk line of defense is being created

“Great is Russia, but nowhere to retreat

behind Moscow” is G.K. Zhukov.

G. Of great political importance was

D. The famous 316 rifle division

Commanded by General I.V. Panfilov

Soviet troops(more than 1 million soldiers and

officers).

E. The victory of the Red Army near Moscow marked the beginning of a radical change in the course of the Second World War.

1. When the counter-offensive of the Soviet troops near Moscow began.

2 .What fronts participated in the liberation of Moscow?

3. What front near Moscow was commanded by G.K. Zhukov?

4. Determine the correct judgments:

The result of the December counter-offensive:

A. liquidated directly

new threat to the capital of the USSR

B. the first major defeat of the German army in World War II was inflicted

IN. dispelled the myth of invincibility

fascist army

G. The Red Army wrested the initiative from the enemy and created the conditions for a general offensive.

D. Japan, true to its obligations, entered the war against the USSR on the side of Germany

E. During the battle near Moscow, partisan Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya showed exceptional courage.

1. Identify the name and date of the event on the map.

2 .The name of the German operation to capture and destroy the city.

3. German general who commanded the German army.

4. Choose the right judgments:

A . The defense of the city was assigned to the 62nd and 64th armies.

B.U order No. 227 adopted in July 1942, the main requirement of which was "Not a step back!"

B. Fascist troops failed to break into the city.

D. For a counteroffensive by Headquarters Supreme High Command South-Don, Steppe and Stalingrad fronts were created.

1. When did the offensive under this city begin?

2. Name the operations of the Red Army, as a result of which a radical turning point in the war began.

3. Name the city (number 1) where on November 23, 1942, as part of Operation Uranus, the ring around the 6th Army was closed

Wehrmacht.

4. Determine the correct judgments:

A. As a result of the operation, 330 thousand German soldiers and officers were surrounded.

B. According to rough estimates, the total losses of both sides in this battle exceed two million people

V. During the battle, Mamaev Kurgan changed hands several times.

D. The Don Army Group, created by the Wehrmacht, under the command of Manstein unsuccessfully attempted to break through the blockade of the troops surrounded in the city

D. Because of this victory, on the side of Germany, Japan entered the war against the USSR.

1. Code

Name

this military operation.

2. Determine the chronological scope of this operation.

3. Who owns the following strategic plan: “It would be better if we exhaust the enemy on our defense, knock out his tanks, and then, introducing fresh reserves, by going on a general offensive, we will finally finish off the main enemy grouping”

4. Determine the figure of the area where the famous tank battle took place.

5. The operations of the Red Army, as a result of which the Oryol and Belgorod-Kharkov groups were defeated, were named after what famous Russian commanders.

6. What is the main result of the counter-offensive near Kursk?

7. In honor of the liberation of which cities on August 5, 1943, the first salute in the entire war was given in Moscow?

1. The beginning of hostilities, indicated on the map by arrows.

2. Indicate the name of the city indicated on the diagram by the number "1".

3. Indicate the name of the river indicated on the diagram by the numbers "2".

4. Choose three correct judgments:

A. The diagram shows the operation "Bagration".

B. The events indicated in the diagram took place later than the meetings of the leaders of the "Big Three" powers in Crimea.

B. The events indicated on the diagram led to a radical change in the course of the Great Patriotic War.

D. Events, indicated by arrows in this diagram, lasted about six months.

D. With the end of hostilities indicated on the diagram, the Second World War was not yet over.

E. One of the fronts of the Red Army that participated in the events indicated in the diagram was commanded by G.K. Zhukov.

1. Name the city under the number 2 (Shlisselburg)

2. What is the name of the commander of the Leningrad Front during this operation

3. Name the country whose troops took part in this operation on the side of Germany

Which three statements are correct?

1. The blockade of Leningrad was broken in January 1944.

2. The blockade was lifted during Operation Iskra in January 1945.

3. The blockade of the city lasted 900 days

4. The Leningrad and Volkhov fronts participated in the operation to lift the blockade.

5. The actions of both fronts were coordinated by representatives of the Headquarters of the Supreme Command Marshal of the Soviet Union K. E. Voroshilov and General of the Army G. K. Zhukov. 6. During the operation to lift the blockade, a heavy defeat was inflicted on the German army group "Center"

1. The military-political bloc, in which in the mid-1960s. included countries shaded in the diagram.

2. A country (number) that has never been part of a military bloc.

3. The surname of the leader of the USSR, under which Soviet troops were introduced into the country, indicated by the number "3" on the diagram.

4. Choose the right judgment:

1) This military-political bloc was created at the end of the Second World War.

2) This diagram reflects the split of Germany into two states.

3) The diagram shows all countries that chose the socialist path of development for the period of the mid-1960s.

4) All countries indicated in the diagram by numbers were liberated by the Red Army during the Second World War

5) Currently, there are both military-political blocs that opposed each other during the period shown in the diagram.

6) This scheme characterizes international position developed during the Cold War period.