Fairy tale for preschoolers

Fairy tale "Who Lives Where"

The pink moth woke up from the gentle touch of a sunbeam. He slept under the warm blanket of a plantain leaf. The moth looked around and saw that morning had already come and life was already in full swing in the clearing: butterflies fluttered merrily over the flowers, bees buzzed and bumblebees buzzed, midges and heavy beetles flew. The pink moth flew to the flowers to treat itself to sweet nectar. He saw a bee on one of the flowers. She collected nectar with pleasure, and fluffy pollen stuck to her paws.
- Good morning“Bee,” the Pink Moth said politely, “you see, fluffy pollen has stuck to your paws.”
“Good morning, Moth,” responded the Bee, “yes, that’s how it should be, because I pollinate flowers, and not just feast on nectar.” Help yourself too. But you also help pollinate flowers,” the Bee noticed and flew away to another flower.

The moth enjoyed the nectar and flew on. A heavily buzzing bumblebee flew past.
- Hello, Moth, are you awake yet?
- Yes, the weather is beautiful today, isn’t it?
- Wonderful weather for collecting nectar. - Bumblebee agreed and flew on. Suddenly he disappeared from Moth's field of vision and he began to spin around himself, looking for where Bumblebee had gone. And then the Bumblebee appeared again and flew along the meadow.
Having looked closely, the Moth noticed a hole in the ground: it turns out that bumblebees live in holes.
Surprised, the Moth flew off to look for the bee. He found her already about to leave the flowering meadow.
- Can I ask, Bee, where do you live?
- In the hive, in the apiary. - Bee answered cheerfully. - Why are you asking?
- Because I saw a Bumblebee fly out of a hole in the ground.
- That's right, bumblebees live in burrows, and we live in hives. - The Bee laughed and flew away.
Then a red ladybug flew past the Moth. The moth wanted to greet her, but did not have time: some kind of shadow covered them. A bird flying by wanted to peck the ladybug, but then changed its mind. The moth managed to hide under the leaf.
-Have you seen it? - he asked Ladybug in a trembling voice. - We almost got caught.
“Yes,” she agreed. Ladybug, -only my wings are red, which means inedible for birds. - and the ladybug flew on.
The moth sat down to rest on a clover flower and from above saw ants hurrying somewhere. They quickly ran after each other in a chain, some carrying dry blades of grass and dry pine needles.
- Hello, ants, where are you in such a hurry? - the Moth flew to them.
“Home, to your anthill,” the ants answered without stopping, waving their free paws at the Moth.
“Everyone lives in their own houses, only we, the moths, don’t have a house.” - the Moth thought sadly and flew off to play with the Butterflies.

Tamara Cheremnova

Where does the fairy tale live?

Title: Buy the book "Where the Fairy Tale Lives": feed_id: 5296 pattern_id: 2266 book_author: Tamara Cheremnova book_name: Where the fairy tale lives

Once upon a time there was a girl who loved to listen to fairy tales every evening. And it’s good that she had a kind grandmother who loved to tell them to her. And then one day, when evening came and a star twinkled outside the window, the girl, like all obedient children, quickly went to bed and prepared to listen to a fairy tale. But her grandmother told her:

Try to fall asleep today without a fairy tale, granddaughter. Otherwise I don't have one new fairy tale I can't remember. I probably told them all to you.

Grandma, where do fairy tales live? - asked the granddaughter.

And who knows where they live? Maybe the goblin hides them in his hollow.

How is it in the hollow? - the granddaughter was surprised.

Yes, in the hollow. The goblin has a hole full of fairy tales.

Grandma, can I ask the devil for at least one new fairy tale? If he has a full hollow of them, then it’s probably cramped and uncomfortable for them there. After all, fairy tales live to be told to everyone, and not to be crowded into a dark hollow.

Probably possible. You can always ask,” the grandmother sighed. - And you still try to fall asleep without a fairy tale.

The grandmother stroked her granddaughter’s silky hair and quietly left. And the girl began to look at the distant star outside the window. How much or how much time has passed, only a thin ray stretched from the star to the girl’s window, passed through window glass and got entangled in the girl's eyelashes - and she fell asleep.

* * *

And the girl has a dream that she went into the forest to see the devil - to beg from him a new fairy tale. She walks along a forest path, and a gray wolf meets her.

Hello, unknown girl! Where are you going? - asked the wolf.

Hello, wolf! - the girl answered bravely. -You don’t know where the goblin lives? I go to visit him to ask for a new fairy tale for my grandmother.

Why does grandma need a fairy tale? - the wolf was surprised.

To tell me at night. Do you happen to know any fairy tales yourself? - the girl asked the wolf.

“I knew an old woman who told stories to Little Red Riding Hood, so I ate them both,” the wolf frankly admitted. - But I don’t know where to get a new fairy tale. It’s better to ask the deceiver Kolobok: he definitely knows new fairy tales,” advised the honest wolf and ran away.

Kolobok-Kolobok, wait, stop! - the girl asked. - Tell me, do you know new fairy tales? And maybe you know where the goblin lives?

“No, I won’t stop,” answered the bun. “I’m afraid to stop: what if you, like a fox, want to eat me?”

Why should I eat you, little bun? - the girl laughed. - My grandmother bakes sweeter koloboks for me.

Kolobok was offended that there were koloboks sweeter than him, and quickly rolled away. And the girl went further - to look for the devil. She walks, and a bear meets her. A girl approached him and asked:

Mishenka, show me where the goblin lives.

Why do you need a goblin? - the bear was surprised.

“I need to ask him for a new fairy tale for my grandmother,” the girl answered. - Or maybe you know fairy tales yourself? Then give me at least one for my grandmother.

Why does your grandmother need a fairy tale? - the bear was surprised.

She tells them to me at night. And today all her fairy tales are over. Grandma searched and searched and didn’t find one.

Wasn’t she the one who searched the whole bed in my den looking for a fairy tale? - the bear asked unkindly.

No, Mishenka, my grandmother never remembers someone else’s bed, she loves to tidy them up,” the granddaughter stood up for her grandmother.

Then I don’t know how to help you,” the bear scratched the back of his head and went about his bear business.

The girl walked and walked along the path, going deeper and deeper into the forest, and looked at how the leaves on the trees split the sun into warm golden reflections. The girl stumbled, fell to her knees and met someone’s curious nose sticking out of the grass in front of her.

Who are you? - the girl whispered in fear.

And who are you? - someone whispered in the grass.

“I’m a girl,” she answered.

“And I’m a little fox,” the creature from the grass answered joyfully.

Then the girl saw red ears and the tip of a fluffy tail, and then the little fox itself.

Are you walking far? - asked the little fox.

To the devil to ask for a new fairy tale for grandma.

Why does your grandmother need a fairy tale? - the little fox was surprised.

She will tell it to me at night so that I can sleep better.

My grandmother also tells me fairy tales at night, and very interesting ones,” the little fox giggled.

Maybe you can tell me at least one? - the girl asked.

No, they tell the foxes tricky tales“, and if you tell them to everyone, then they will stop being cunning,” answered the little fox and disappeared into the grass.

How beautiful you are! - the girl admired.

“I know,” the elk answered proudly and turned in profile so that the girl could get a better look at his elk-like beauty.

Wait, don't run away, I want to pet you. Do not be afraid of me.

What makes you think that I'm afraid of little girls? - the elk was surprised. -Where are you going, baby?

“I’m going to the goblin for a new fairy tale,” the girl answered.

A very beautiful fairy tale lives nearby. Would you like me to take you to her? - suggested the moose.

Let's run! - the girl was happy.

And they ran. The elk jumped up to a flower on which a large bright butterfly was sitting, wings spread wide, and turned to the girl:

Here's a fairy tale for you.

It's just a butterfly! What kind of fairy tale is this? - The girl was even offended.

“My mother always said that everything beautiful is a fairy tale,” the moose explained. - So a beautiful butterfly is also a fairy tale. But, I see, this fairy tale does not suit you. Then we'll do this. A very smart eagle owl lives nearby. I will take you to him, and you will ask him to take you to the devil.

So they did.

Ugh! - the owl said thoughtfully after listening to the girl. - All young people crave new fairy tales. And the elderly prefer to remember old fairy tales. I’ll take you, girl, to the devil, since you so want a new fairy tale. Follow me.

Turning his head back and forth, he fell from the branch and flew into the thicket of the forest, and the girl ran after him. Having flown to a forest clearing, the eagle owl sat down on a branch of a dry tree with a large hollow and said to the girl:

Here we are. This is where the goblin lives, which you are looking for throughout the forest.

And who is it looking for me throughout the forest? - a crumbly old voice grumbled from somewhere below.

The girl looked closely and saw that an old man was sitting near the hollow, all overgrown with green moss.

Well, come on, tell me, why did you come? “I am that same goblin,” he introduced himself.

My grandmother told me that you hide fairy tales in your hollow,” the girl said.

Did she say so? - the old man was surprised.

Yes,” the girl nodded her head.

Well, then climb into the hollow yourself: if you find a fairy tale, you can take it for yourself.

The girl climbed into the hollow, but there was nothing there except a pile of last year’s leaves and a wrinkled twig. She held the branch in her hand and climbed out.

There’s nothing there except this twig and dry leaves,” the girl said disappointedly.

This is a magical bitch. If you show it to your grandmother, she will immediately remember the fairy tale for you. “Take the branch and goodbye,” said the old man and began to blow into a wooden tube.

Why are you blowing into this tube? - the girl asked curiously.

This is me teaching the wind to dance over the clearing. Do you want to fly with him? - the goblin suggested goodbye.

Before the girl had time to say “yes” and thank her for the twig, she felt that someone strong was lifting her off the ground. Well, of course, it was the dancing wind that swirled her around. And she felt like a butterfly. “Maybe the moose was right when he said that the butterfly is also a fairy tale?” - she thought. Then she flew over a barely noticeable path and finally fluttered through her open window.

* * *

When the girl woke up, it was already morning. The whole room was flooded sunlight. The girl smiled, rubbed her eyes, and, remembering her forest adventures, shouted joyfully:

Grandma, grandma, the devil gave you a magic bitch!

What are you saying, granddaughter? You probably dreamed this. - The grandmother worriedly touched her granddaughter’s forehead. The forehead turned out to be cool, without fever, and the grandmother sighed with relief.

No, I didn’t dream it, it all really happened! - the granddaughter became stubborn. - And in truth there was a twig, I held it in my hand. Maybe he rolled under the bed?

She and her grandmother searched all the corners, but the twig was nowhere to be found.

Grandma, maybe this twig fell behind your chest? Let’s move the chest aside and take a look,” the granddaughter continued.

Well, let’s see,” the grandmother agreed tiredly and moved the chest away: “Look, there really is some kind of twig lying around.”

You see now! - the granddaughter was delighted. - This is the same branch that the goblin gave me. But you didn’t believe it!

Grandmother took the branch, laid it out on her wrinkled palm, looked at it carefully - and smiled. Apparently, she actually remembered something.

FOREST NEWSPAPER No. 4

NEST MONTH (FIRST MONTH OF SUMMER)

THE SUN ENTERS THE SIGN OF CANCER

YEAR - SOLAR POEM: JUNE

WHO LIVES WHERE

FOREST ACCIDENTS

Wonderful houses. -Who has the best house? - Who else has nests? - Who built their house from what? - To other people's houses. - Dormitories. - What's in the nests?

How a fox and a badger survived from home. — Interesting plant. - On request. — The mysterious night robber. — Strange disappearance of nightjar eggs. - Brave little fish. -Who is the killer? - A mole with six legs. - Hedgehog-savior. - Lizard. —From the diary of a youth: Nest of funnels.—3 apple and his mother.

GREEN FRIEND

WARRIOR IN THE FOREST

BITTING ON THE FISH!

COLLECTIVE FARM CALENDAR

HUNTING FROM DIFFERENT ENDS OF THE UNION

SHOOTING SHOOT. Competition four.

ANNOUNCEMENTS: Sharp-Eye, third test.

COLUMBUS CLUB: Month four.

Year - poem in 12 months

JUNE - rose-color. End of migration, beginning of summer. The longest days last; In the far North there is no night at all: the sun does not set. In the damp meadows, the flowers are now more and more sunny in color: leotards, marigolds, buttercups - the meadow is all golden from them.

At this time - at the very time of the solar dawn - people collect medicinal flowers, stems, roots for themselves in reserve, so that, if they suddenly become ill, they can transfer to themselves the life-giving power of the sun collected in them.

From this day on, slowly, slowly—but it seems so quickly!..—as slowly as the light arrives in spring—the day wanes. And the people say: “The crown of summer is already looking through the spindles...”

All songbirds have nests, and all nests have eggs of all colors. A tender little life shines through the thin shell.

WHO LIVES WHERE

The time has come to hatch the chicks. Everyone built a house for themselves in the forest.

Our correspondents decided to find out where and how animals, birds, fish and insects live.

WONDERFUL HOUSES

It turns out that the entire forest from top to bottom is now occupied by housing. There was no free place left anywhere. They live on the ground, underground, on water, under water, on trees, in trees, in grass and in the air.

In the air is the oriole's house. High above the ground, she hung a light basket woven from hemp, stems, hairs and hairs from a birch branch. There are oriole eggs in the basket. It's amazing how they don't fight when the wind sways the branch.

The grass is home to larks, tree pipits, buntings and many other birds. Our correspondents liked the willow warbler's hut the most. It is made of dry grass and moss, with a roof, entrance on the side. In trees - in hollows - are the homes of the flying squirrel (a squirrel with membranes between its paws), wood-boring beetles and bark beetles, woodpeckers, tits, starlings, owls and other birds.

Under the ground are the homes of moles, mice, badgers, shore swallows, kingfishers and various insects.

The great grebe, a water bird from the loons, has a floating nest on the water, made from a pile of marsh grass, reeds and mud. The great grebe rides on it around the lake, like on a raft.

Caddis flies and silverback water spiders have built homes under the water.

FOREST ACCIDENTS

WHO HAS THE BEST HOUSE?

Our correspondents decided to find the most best house. It turned out that it is not so easy to decide which house is better than all the others.

The largest nest is the eagle's.

It is made of thick branches and is placed on a huge thick pine tree.

The most small nest in the yellow-headed kinglet. His whole house is as big as a fist, and he himself is smaller than a dragonfly.

The most cunning house is the mole's. He has so many emergency passages and exits that there is no way to cover him in his underground hole.

The most skillful house is that of the leaf-rolling elephant - a small bug with a proboscis. The elephant gnawed the veins of birch leaves and, when the leaves began to wither, rolled them into a tube and glued them together with his saliva. The female elephant laid her testicles into this tube house.

The simplest nests are found in the Ringed Sandpiper and Night Owl. The tie-tailed man laid his four eggs right in the sand on the bank of the river, and the nightjar - in a hole in the dry leaves under a tree. They both didn't put much effort into building the house.

The most beautiful house is that of the Mocking Warbler. She made herself a nest on a birch branch, covered it with lichen and light birch peel, and wove in pieces of multi-colored paper that were lying in the garden of some dacha for decoration.

The coziest nest is that of the long-tailed tit. This bird is also called a ladle, because it looks like a pouring spoon - a ladle. Her nest is made from fluff, feathers and hairs on the inside, and moss and lichens on the outside. It is all round, like a pumpkin, and the entrance to it is round, small, in the very middle of the nest.

The most comfortable houses are those of caddisfly larvae.

Caddisflies are winged insects. When they sit down, they fold their wings into a roof on their back and cover their entire body with them. And caddisfly larvae are wingless, naked, they have nothing to cover themselves with. They live at the bottom of streams and rivers.

The larva will find a twig or reed the size of a match, glue a tube of sand grains onto them and climb into it backwards and backwards. It turns out very convenient: if you want, you can completely hide in a tube and sleep peacefully there, no one will see you; If you want, stick out your front legs and crawl along the bottom along with the house: the house is light. And one caddisfly found a thin cigarette lying at the bottom, climbed into it, and continues to travel in it.

The most amazing home is that of the silverback water spider. This spider stretched a web underwater between the algae, and brought air bubbles under the web on its shaggy abdomen. This is how a spider lives in a house made of thin air.

WHO ELSE HAS NESTS?

Our correspondents also found a fish nest and a mouse nest.

The stickleback fish built a real nest for itself. The builder was a male; For construction, I used only the heaviest stalks of grass, which do not float up if you take them from the bottom with your mouth and throw them up. I strengthened the stems on the sandy bottom. I glued the walls and ceiling together with my own glue and plugged all the holes with moss. He left two doors in the walls of the nest.

The little mouse's nest is just like a bird's nest. The mouse made it from blades of grass and stems torn into thin fibers. The nest hangs at a height of almost two meters on a juniper branch.

WHO BUILT THEMSELVES A HOUSE FROM WHAT?

Houses in the forest are built from all kinds of materials.

The song thrush smears the inside of the walls of its round nest with cement from rotten wood.

From the mud, holding it together with their saliva, swallows - killer whales and jackrabbits - make nests.

The Black-headed Warbler fastens the thin twigs of its nest with light sticky webs.

A nuthatch, a bird that runs up steep tree trunks upside down, settled in a hollow with a large exit hole. To prevent a squirrel from getting into his house, the nuthatch walled up the doors with clay, leaving only a small hole for him to squeeze through.

And the funniest of all was the emerald-brown-blue kingfisher. He dug himself a deep hole in the shore and covered the floor of his room with thin fish bones. The bedding turned out to be soft.

AT OTHER HOUSES

Those who failed or were too lazy to build a house for themselves settled in someone else’s house.

Cuckoos threw their eggs into the nests of wagtails, robins, warblers and other small homely birds.

The Black Sandpiper has found an old crow's nest and is raising its chicks in it.

The minnows (fish) really liked the crustacean burrows abandoned by their owners in the sandy shore under water. The fish laid their eggs in them.

And one sparrow arranged himself very cunningly.

He built himself a nest under the roof, but the boys ruined it.

I lined it up in a hollow, and the weasel pulled out all the eggs.

Then the sparrow settled down in the eagle’s huge nest. Between the thick branches of this nest his small house fit freely.

Now the sparrow lives calmly and is not afraid of anyone. The huge eagle does not pay attention to such a small bird. But neither a weasel, nor a cat, nor a hawk, nor even boys will destroy a sparrow’s nest: everyone is afraid of the eagle.

HOSTELS

There are also hostels in the forest.

Bees, wasps, bumblebees and ants build houses for hundreds and thousands of residents.

Rooks occupied gardens and groves for their nesting colonies, gulls occupied swamps, sandy islands and shallows, and bank swallows riddled the steep banks of rivers with their burrow-caves.

WHAT'S IN THE NESTS?

And the eggs in the nests are different for everyone.

And for good reason they are different for different birds.

In the sandpiper snipe they are all speckled and speckled, while in the sandpiper they are white, just slightly pinkish.

But the fact is that the spiny eggs lie in a deep dark hollow - you can’t even see them, but in the case of a snipe - right on a hummock, completely open. Anyone would have seen it if they were white. So they are painted to match the color of the hummock - you’ll step on it sooner than you’ll notice.

Wild ducks also have almost white eggs, and their nests on hummocks are open. But the ducks have to resort to cunning. When a duck leaves the nest, she plucks the fluff on her belly and covers her eggs with it. They are not visible.

Why do snipe eggs have such pointed eggs? After all, the large predatory buzzard has round ones.

Again it’s clear: the snipe is a small bird, five times smaller than a buzzard. How will he sit and cover such large eggs with his body if they do not lie so comfortably - toe to toe, sharp ends together - so as to take up as little space as possible?

Why does the little snipe have the same large eggs as the big buzzard?

This question will have to be answered later - when the chicks hatch from the eggs.

HOW THE FOX BADGER SURVIVED FROM THE HOUSE

The fox had a problem: the ceiling in the hole collapsed and almost crushed the fox cubs.

The fox sees: things are bad, we need to move to another apartment.

I went to the badger. He has a nice hole - he dug it himself. Entrances and exits, spare holes in case of a surprise attack.

He has a big hole: two families can live.

The fox asked to be a lodger, but the badger wouldn’t let him in. He is a strict master: he loves order and cleanliness, so that there is not a speck of dirt anywhere. Where can I let the kids go?

I chased the fox away.

“Aha,” the fox thinks, “so you are!” Well, just wait!"

It was as if she had gone into the forest, and herself behind the bushes; sits and waits.

The badger looked out: there was no fox, he climbed out of the hole and went into the forest to look for snails.

And the fox snuck into the hole, shit on the floor, got dirty - and ran away.

The badger returned - fathers, what a stench! He grunted in frustration and left to dig another hole for himself.

And that’s all the fox needs.

She dragged the fox cubs around and began to live in a comfortable badger hole.

INTERESTING PLANT

The ponds have already begun to be covered with duckweed. Some say: mud. But mud is mud, and duckweed is duckweed. Duckweed is an interesting plant. It's not like the others. A small root and a floating green cake with oblong protrusions. These protrusions are the stalk-cake and the branch-cake. Duckweed has no leaves. But flowers sometimes appear, but this happens very, very rarely. Duckweed does not need flowers. It reproduces easily and quickly. A cake-twig breaks off from the stem-cake, and so there are two from one plant.

The duckweed lives well, freely, nothing ties it to its place. A duck will swim by, and the duckweed will stick to the duck’s paw. And he will fly on a duck to another pond.

N. Pavlova

ON FIRST REQUEST

Purple meadow cornflowers bloomed in the meadows and clearings. When I see them, I remember barberry, because they, just like barberry, can show a little trick.

Cornflower is not a flower - an inflorescence. And its beautiful disheveled horned flowers are barren flowers. Real flowers in the middle. These are dark purple tubes. Inside such a tube there is a pestle and a magician-stamen. As soon as you touch the purple tube, it will swing to the side, and a lump of pollen will come out of its hole. If you touch the same flower again a little later, it will sway again and again drop a ball of pollen.

That's the trick!

The pollen is not scattered freely, but is released in portions at the first request of each insect. Take it, eat it, get dirty - just transfer at least a few specks of dust to another meadow cornflower.

N. Pavlova

MYSTERIOUS NIGHT ROBBER

A mysterious night robber appeared in the forest. The inhabitants of the forest are in alarm.

Several young hares disappear every night. Fawns, hazel grouse, grouse, wood grouse, hares, squirrels - no one feels safe at night. Neither the birds in the bushes, nor the squirrels in the trees, nor the mice on the ground know where to expect an attack. A mysterious killer suddenly appears from the grass, from the bushes, or from a tree. Maybe he is not alone: ​​maybe a whole gang of robbers.

A few days ago, a family of small forest deer-roes - a buck, a female goat and two kids - were grazing in a clearing at night. The goat stood as a watchman eight steps from the bushes, and the female goat and her kids were nibbling the grass in the middle of the clearing.

Suddenly, from the bushes, someone dark in one jump rushed straight onto the back of the goat. The goat fell. Kozlukha. with the kids she went into the forest.

When the goat returned to the clearing in the morning, all that was left of the goat were horns and legs.

And last night there was an attack on a moose. He was walking through a deep forest and noticed that on one tree, on a branch, there was a large ugly growth.

Who should the forest giant be afraid of? He has such faces that even a bear would not dare to attack him.

The elk came under that tree and was just about to raise his head and see what kind of growth was on the branch, when something terrible and heavy, weighing a good thirty kilograms, fell on his neck.

The elk was so frightened - from surprise, of course - that, shaking his head, he shook the robber off his back and rushed to run without looking back. He still doesn't know who attacked him that night.

There are no wolves in our forest, and they don’t climb trees. The bear has now climbed into the thicket - he is molting, and he will not jump from a tree onto an elk’s scruff. Who is this mysterious robber?

Not yet known.

STRANGE DISAPPEARANCE OF GOAT EGGS

Our correspondents found a nightjar's nest. There were two eggs in the hole, and the female flew off them when people approached.

Our correspondents did not touch the nest, but only took a good look at the place where it was located.

An hour later they returned to the nest, but there were no eggs in it.

Only two days later it was possible to discover where they had gone: they were carried in the beak of a female nightjar to another place. She was afraid that people would destroy her nest.

BRAVE FISH

We have already told you what type of nest the male stickleback built underwater.

When the construction was finished, he chose a female stickleback and brought it to his house. The fish entered the door, spawned, and immediately ran away through other doors.

The male went for another, then for a third and a fourth, but all the female sticklebacks ran away from him, leaving their eggs in his care.

And so the male was left alone to guard the house, and in the house there was a whole bunch of eggs.

There are many lovers of fresh caviar in the river. Poor little male stickleback has to defend his nest from ferocious underwater monsters.

Recently a voracious perch attacked the nest. The little owner of the nest bravely rushed into battle with the monster.

He picked up all five of his spines: three on his back, two on his belly, and deftly stabbed the perch in the cheek.

The entire body of the perch is covered with strong armor - scales - and only its cheeks are bare.

The perch got scared of the brave kid and ran away.

WHO IS THE KILLER

(See article, Mysterious Night Robber)

Tonight a squirrel was killed in a tree in the forest. We examined the scene of the murder, and from the traces left by the killer on the tree trunk and on the ground below it, we were able to find out who the mysterious robber was who had recently killed a wild goat and was keeping the entire forest in fear.

From the claw marks we learned that this was our panther. northern forests- a ferocious forest cat - a lynx.

Her kittens have already grown up, and the mother lynx now wanders with them throughout the forest and climbs trees.

At night she sees as well as during the day. Woe to those who cannot hide well before going to bed!

A MOLE WITH SIX LEGS *

One of our lescors tells us from the Kalinin region:

“I was digging a pole for physical education and threw out some animal along with the earth. Its front paws have claws, its back has some kind of membranes like wings, its body is covered with yellow-brown hairs, like thick short hair. The animal is five centimeters long. Looks like a wasp and a mole. I knew from its six legs that it was an insect."

Editor's clarification

This wonderful insect really looks like an animal. It’s not for nothing that he has an animal name: bear. The mole cricket has the most in common. Both have wide front paws (palms): both are masters of digging. In addition, the little mole cricket's front legs are designed like scissors. She needs this in order to trim the roots of plants while moving underground. A large and strong mole simply breaks such roots with its strong paws or gnaws them with its teeth.

The mole cricket's jaws are lined with what look like teeth - horny plates.

The mole cricket spends most of its life underground, digs holes in the ground like a mole, lays eggs there and places piles of eggs over them, like mole eggs. In addition, the mole cricket has even larger soft wings, and it flies beautifully; In this, the mole cannot keep up with her.

In the Kalinin region there are few mole crickets, in the Leningrad region - even less, but in southern regions there are a lot of them.

Anyone who wants to find this wonderful insect should look for it in damp soil, especially near water, in gardens and orchards. You can catch it this way: in the evenings, water the ground all in one place and cover this place with wood chips. At night, mole crickets will crawl into the mud under the wood chips.

HEDGEHOG-SAVIOR

Masha woke up very early, threw on a dress and, as if she were barefoot, ran into the forest.

There were a lot of strawberries in the forest on the hill. Masha quickly filled the basket and ran back to the house, jumping over the hummocks cold with dew. But suddenly she slipped and screamed loudly in pain: her bare foot, falling off a hummock, pricked itself on some sharp thorns until it bled. It turned out that there was a hedgehog sitting under a hummock. He immediately curled up into a ball and fumed.

Masha began to cry, sat down on a nearby hummock and began to wipe the blood from her leg with her dress. The hedgehog fell silent. Suddenly a large gray snake with a black zigzag on its back crawls straight towards Masha - poisonous viper! Masha's arms and legs were paralyzed from fear. And the viper crawls towards her, hisses and sticks out its forked tongue.

Then suddenly the hedgehog turned around and quickly, quickly trotted off towards the snake. The viper threw up its entire front of its body and rushed at him, like a whip. But the hedgehog cleverly offered her his thorns. The viper hissed terribly, turned and wanted to crawl away from him. The hedgehog rushed after her, grabbed her with his teeth behind her head and stepped on her back with his paw.

Then Masha came to her senses, jumped up and ran home.

LIZARD *

I caught a lizard in the forest near a tree stump and brought it home. She lived in a large wide jar, into which I poured sand and pebbles. Every day I changed the turf and water in the jar and let flies, bugs, larvae, worms, and snails in there. The lizard ate them greedily and grabbed them with its wide mouth. She especially liked the white cabbage butterflies. She quickly turned her head in their direction, opened her mouth, stuck out her forked tongue and then jumped for tasty food like a dog.

One morning I found about a dozen elongated white eggs with a thin soft shell in the sand between the pebbles. The lizard chose a place for them that was heated by the sun. More than a month passed, the testicles burst, and tiny, nimble lizards came out, very similar to their mother.

Now the little family was climbing on the pebbles and basking in the sun.

Leskor Shestyakov

From the diary of a youth

NEST OF FUNNELS

June 25. “Every day the swallows work before my eyes, sculpting, and the nest grows little by little.” They start work early in the morning, at noon they sabbath for two or three hours, then again they correct, sculpt and finish the work two hours before sunset. It’s true that you can’t sculpt continuously: after all, the clay must dry out.

Sometimes other funnel swallows come to visit them, sit on the ridge if the cat Fedoseich is not on the roof, and chirp something peacefully. The new owners don't drive them away.

Now the nest has already become like a month on the damage, when it comes down after the full moon and its horns are turned to the right.

I understood well how swallows’ nests get this shape, why the nest does not grow evenly to the right and left. Because both the female and the male - both - sculpt it, but they do not try equally hard. The female, having flown into a nest with clay, always sits with her head to the left; She sculpts very diligently, everything on the left side, and flies for clay much more often than the male. The male sometimes disappears somewhere for hours - probably chasing with other swallows under the clouds. He always sits on the nest with his head to the right. But, of course, he does not keep up with the female, and his right side lags behind the left. So the building is growing unevenly.

What a lazy male he is! And how not ashamed he is to be lazy! He is stronger than the female.

June 28. “Swallows no longer sculpt, but carry straws and fluff into the nest to make a bed.” And I didn’t think that they planned the whole construction project so cleverly; It turns out that it was necessary for the nest to grow faster on one side than on the other! The female completed it from the left side to the very top, but the male never completed his side - and the result was an incomplete clay ball with a hole in the upper right corner. And, of course, that’s how it should be: after all, this is their entrance, the entrance! Otherwise, how would swallows get into their home? In vain, that means I scolded the male.

Today is the first evening the female stayed in the nest overnight.

30 June. — The construction of the nest is finished. The female no longer comes out of it - she has probably laid her first egg. The male constantly brings her midges and sings, sings, sings, chirps - congratulates, rejoices.

Again the “commission” flew in - a whole flock of funnels. Everyone took turns looking into the nest in flight, fluttering in the air around it and, perhaps, even kissed the happy hostess on the beak sticking out of the entrance. They chirped, chirped and flew away.

And the cat Fedoseich, no, no, he’ll climb onto the roof and look under the ridge. Is he really waiting for the chicks to appear in the nest?

July 13.—Wow, the female has been sitting in the nest almost continuously for two weeks. It flies out only in the afternoon, in the heat of the day, when the tender testicles cannot cool down. He circles over the roof, catching flies. Then he flies to the pond. There he will glide over the very water and scoop up some water with his beak. Got drunk and went back to the nest.

And today both the female and the male began to fly in and out of the nest frequently. Once I saw a white shell in the male’s beak, and a fly in the female’s beak. This means there are already chicks in the nest.

July 20. - What a horror, what a horror! The cat Fedoseich climbed onto the roof and completely hung over the ridge - he wants to reach the nest with his paw. And in the nest the little chicks squeal so pitifully!

Out of nowhere, a whole flock of swallows flew in. They scream, rush around, almost touching Fedoseich on the nose. Oh, he almost caught one with his paw! Oh!.. rushed for another!..

Hooray! The gray robber miscalculated: he fell from the roof and - bang!..

He didn’t crash to death, but still, apparently, he had a great time: he meowed and went for three.

It serves him right! Will no longer scare the swallows.

Lescor Verica

Finch AND HIS MOTHER *

Our yard is very green.

I was walking across the yard, and suddenly a fledgling finch with fluffy horns on its head fluttered out from under my feet. He took off and landed again.

I caught him and brought him home. My father advised me to sit him in front of the open window.

Less than an hour later, the parents began to fly in and feed the chick.

So he spent the whole day with me. At night I closed the window and put the finch in a cage.

In the morning I woke up at five o'clock and saw that the mother finch was sitting on the window frame with a fly in her beak. I jumped up, opened the window and began to watch from the back of the room.

Soon the finch's mother appeared again. Sat on the window. The little finch squeaked, asking for food. Then the chaffinch decisively fluttered into the room, jumped up to the cage, and began to feed the finch through the bars.

Then she flew away for a new portion of food, and I took the finch out of the cage and took it to the yard.

When I wanted to look at the chaffinch again, it was no longer there: the mother had taken her chick away.

Volodya Bykov

HAIRY

In rivers, lakes and ponds, even just in pits, there is a mysterious creature - a hairy creature. Old people say that this is horsehair come to life. And as if during bathing it penetrates a person’s skin and begins to walk there, causing unbearable itching...

The hairy creature really looks like someone's coarse red-brown hair. It looks even more like a piece of wire bitten off with tongs. He is so hard that if you put him on a stone and hit him with another stone, nothing will happen to him. At the same time, he constantly unclenches, then contracts, curls into some kind of cunning tangle-ball.

In fact, the hairworm is a harmless worm without a head. His female is stuffed with testicles. Tiny larvae with a horny proboscis and hooks emerge from her testicles in the water. They stick to the larvae of aquatic insects, climb into them and become covered with a shell. That’s the end for them, unless their “master” is swallowed by some water spider or insect. In the body of the new “master”, the hairy larva turns into a headless worm, emerging into the water to the fear of superstitious people.

WITH A GUN AT MOSQUITOS

The buildings of the Darwin State Nature Reserve are located on the peninsula. All around is the Rybinsk Sea. A new, special sea: so recently there was still a forest here. The sea is shallow, and here and there the tops of trees still stick out from it. The water in it is fresh and warm. Myriads of mosquitoes breed in it.

Hordes of little bloodsuckers crawl into scientists' laboratories, dining rooms, and bedrooms - neither work, nor eat, nor sleep.

In the evening, shotgun fire suddenly begins in all rooms.

What happened?.. Nothing special: they were just shooting at mosquitoes.

The cartridges are loaded, of course, not with bullets or lead shot. A small charge of ordinary hunting powder is poured into the cartridge case with the primer; a dense wad is placed on it. Then the cartridge case is filled to the top with insect powder - dust - and sprinkled on top so that it does not spill out.

When fired, the dust disperses into fine dust throughout the entire room, gets clogged into all the cracks and kills insects everywhere.

YUNNAT'S DREAM

Yunnat diligently prepared for a report in his class on the topic: “Insects are pests of forests and fields; fight them."

“The costs of mechanical and chemical control of bugs amounted to more than 137,000,000 rubles,” read the young nat, “.. . 13,015,000 bugs were collected by hand. If trains were filled with them, 813 carriages would be required.” “20-25 man-days were spent on each hectare for the war against insects...”

The young man felt dizzy. Long snakes of numbers with tails of zeros began to flicker and swirl before my eyes. I had to go to bed.

All night he was tormented by nightmares. Endless lines of beetles, larvae, and caterpillars emerged from the dark forests, quickly crawled across the fields, wrapped themselves around him, and choked him. He crushed them with his hands, poured poisons from hoses, but they did not decrease, they kept walking, walking, walking, and where they passed, there remained a desert... Yunnat woke up in horror.

In the morning things turned out to be not so bad. In his report, the youth suggested making a lot of birdhouses, titmice, and nest boxes for Bird Day. Songbirds are much better than people at collecting beetles, larvae, and caterpillars, and, moreover, completely free of charge.

CHECK, PLEASE!

They say that if you stretch ropes crosswise over an aviary open at the top or over a cage without a roof, then any owl and even the eagle owl itself, before rushing at the birds sleeping in the aviary or cage, will certainly sit on these ropes. To an owl's eyes they seem solid. And if he sits down, he will immediately turn upside down, because the ropes are too thin and not stretched very tightly.

Having turned upside down, the predator will hang upside down until the morning: it will be afraid to flap its wings in this position and crash to the ground to death. At dawn you will come and remove the thief from the ropes.

Is this so, please check. You can try replacing the rope with thick wire.

OPERATION METER

They also say this: if you take fish with water from that lake or that river where you are going to fish, and put them in an aquarium or just in a large jam jar, you will always know whether it’s worth going for it today Should I fish the lake (or river) or not? You just need to feed the fish before going fishing. If they quickly pounce on food, it means there will be good fishing in the lake; Perch and other fish will bite well. And if they don’t eat in the jar, it means that the fish has no appetite in the wild. This means that the atmospheric pressure is not right, there will be a change in weather, a thunderstorm, maybe.

Fish are very sensitive to any changes in the air and water; by their behavior one can predict the weather several hours in advance. Every amateur fisherman just needs to check whether they are equally good living barometers both at home and in the open air.

HEAVENLY ELEPHANT

A cloud walked across the sky, dark as an elephant. From time to time she lowered her trunk to the ground. Then dust rose from the ground in a column, swirled, swirled, grew, and connected with the trunk of the heavenly elephant. The result was a tall, rotating pillar from the ground to the sky. The elephant absorbed this pillar and rushed further across the sky.

The heavenly elephant ran into a small town and hung over it. Suddenly rain poured out of it. But what rain - a real magical downpour! They drummed on the roofs of houses, on umbrellas raised above their heads - who would you think? - tadpoles, frogs, small fish! They huddled and wandered around in the street puddles.

Then it turned out that the cloud elephant, with the help of a tornado - a whirlwind spinning from the ground to the sky - drank water from one forest lake and with the water absorbed tadpoles, frogs, and fish. He rushed for many kilometers across the sky, dropped all his loot on the town - and rushed on.

GREEN FRIEND

Our forests once seemed boundless and endless.

And in the old days, our careless owners, the landowners, did not take care of or spare the forest. They cut it down without measure, they depleted the land without measure.

And where the forest was destroyed, sand and ravines appeared.

There was no forest around the fields, and the winds of distant deserts rushed at them - dry winds. The fields are filled with hot sand - the grain perishes and there is no one to protect it.

There were no forests along the banks of rivers, ponds and lakes - reservoirs began to dry up, ravines began to creep into the fields.

But then the people drove out the careless owners - the landowners - and took up their own huge farm. He declared war on drought, dry winds, sands, and ravines.

And his main assistant was his green friend - the forest.

We send it to where our naked rivers, ponds, and lakes need to be protected from the hot rays of the sun. And the mighty forest rises to its full heroic height and covers them from the sun with its curly head.

People grow forests where our vast fields need to be saved from the evil dry winds that cover the arable land with the hot sands of distant deserts. And the forest hero becomes his chest towards evil winds, protects the fields from them with an impenetrable wall.

We plant it where the loosened earth crumbles, where ravines and gullies, growing rapidly, greedily gnaw at the edges of our arable land. And the green friend - the forest - will firmly cling to the ground there with its mighty roots, strengthen it and stop the creeping ravines, will not allow them to gnaw our arable land.

There is an onset of drought.

FOREST RESTORATION

The Tikhvin district is carrying out artificial tree planting in clear-cut areas. Pine, spruce and Siberian larch are planted here on an area of ​​250 hectares. On 230 hectares of clear-cutting, the soil was harrowed so that the seeds from the abandoned seed trees fell on the bare soil and grew faster.

Siberian larch was sown on 10 hectares. The young trees gave good shoots. Breeding this breed enriches forests Leningrad region valuable construction wood.

A tree nursery has been established in which coniferous and deciduous species of construction timber are grown.

It is planned to breed fruit trees and rubber bushes, warty euonymus.

WAR IN THE FOREST

(Continuation)

The same thing happened to the young birch trees as to the grass folk and aspen trees: their fir trees drowned out.

Now the invaders no longer had enemies in the clearing. Our correspondents folded their tent and moved to another clearing: where there were logging operations not last winter, but the winter before last.

There they saw with their own eyes what happened to the invaders in the second year of the war.

The Spruce people are strong. But he has two weaknesses.

The first is that they send their roots into the ground at least widely, but not deeply. In the fall, strong winds blew through the large, spacious clearing. Many young fir trees fell down and were pulled out of the ground by the storm.

The second weakness is that spruce trees are afraid of the cold while they are young and not strong.

All the buds of the young trees were beaten by frost, all the still weak branches were cut off by the icy wind. And by spring, on all the conquered land, not a single Christmas tree remained.

The spruce seed harvest does not happen every year. It so happened that the ate, having at first won a quick but fragile victory, were out of action for a long time.

And the wild grass people, as soon as they crawled out of the ground in the new spring, immediately started fighting again.

Now he had to fight with aspen and birch trees.

But young aspen and birch trees, growing up, easily shook off the thin and flexible bodies of grass. They only benefited from the fact that they were closely surrounded by grass folk. Last year's dead grass covered the ground with a thick carpet; it warmed and gave warmth. And new shoots of grass covered the tender trees that had just emerged from the ground and protected them from dangerous mornings.

The short grass could not compete in height with the rapidly growing aspen and birch trees. She fell behind. And as soon as she falls behind, that’s it for her.

Each tree, having risen above the grass, immediately extended its branches above it. It’s okay that aspens and birches don’t have thick and dark needles, like Christmas trees. But they have wide leaves. There is a big shadow from the leaves.

The grass people would have endured it if the trees were rare. But birch and aspen trees rose throughout the clearing in a dense crowd. They fought together, stretched out arms like branches to each other and closed their ranks closely.

It was a continuous shady canopy. Without sunlight, the grass underneath died.

And soon our correspondents saw that the second year of the war ended with the complete victory of aspens and birches.

Then the correspondents moved to the third clearing.

We will publish what they see there in the next issue.

BITTING ON THE FISH!

Weather and fishing.

In summer, strong winds and storms drive fish into quiet places: into deep holes, reeds and reeds. If prolonged bad weather approaches, all the fish climb into the most secluded places, become lethargic and reluctantly take food.

In the heat, the fish looks for cool places - where the water is cooled by springs gushing from underground. On hot days, fish fish only in the cool morning air and resume biting in the evening when the heat subsides.

During the summer drought, when the water level in rivers and lakes drops, the fish climb into deep holes. But there is not enough food for her here, and, having found a parking lot, she can fish well, especially with complementary foods and bait.

The best spice is hemp cakes, fried in a frying pan, passed through a coffee pot and softened in a mortar. Added to rye flour, to grains of rye, wheat, barley, oats, to peas, rice, beans, boiled until softened, to buckwheat and oatmeal, they give the whole thing a fresh hemp oil smell. This smell is very fond of crucian carp, carp, tench and many other fish. We need to feed them every day so that they get used to the place. And predatory fish will come after them: perch, pike, pike perch, asp.

Short rains and thunderstorms refresh the water and awaken a strong appetite in the fish. After fog, in good weather, the bite also improves.

Everyone can learn to determine weather changes in advance by using a barometer (aneroid), by good and bad fish bites, by clouds, by night fogs that clear with sunrise, by dew. Bright crimson-red dawns indicate that there is a lot of water vapor in the air - and there may be rain.

Fawn (golden-pink) dawns, on the contrary, say that the air is dry, and, therefore, there will be no rain in the next few hours.

In addition to fishing with an ordinary fishing rod with or without a float - fly fishing, in addition to casting a spinning rod, there is also fishing on the path from a boat. To do this, you only need to have a sufficiently long and strong cord (50 meters) with a leash made of steel wire or vein - and a spoon. The track lure is lowered on a cord behind the boat at a distance of 25-50 meters. There are two people sitting in the boat: one rows, the other controls the cord. The spoon is cast near the bottom or in mid-water. A predatory fish - perch, pike, pike perch - notices a spinner flashing overhead and, mistaking it for a fish, rushes after it and swallows it, pulling the cord as it does so. The fisherman feels the bite and begins to fish for the prey, gradually pulling the line towards him. Large fish often take the path.

On the lakes best places for fishing on the path where there are deep holes under high steep banks, overgrown with bushes and littered with wells, and stretches along reeds and reeds. On rivers, the boat must be guided along the fairway along the ravines and along deep and calm reaches, above and below rapids and rifts. When fishing on the lane, the boat must be driven quietly, especially in calm weather, when even the weak blow of an oar on the water can be heard far away by the fish.

CRASH CATCHING

The best fishing for crayfish is in those months that do not have the letter “r” in their names.

Here's what a crayfish fisherman needs to know about the life of these animals. Crustaceans will be born from eggs. The eggs - up to a hundred in number - are carried by the rachis on her abdominal legs (legs crayfish ten; the front pair are claws) and the underside of the tail, which in crayfish is politely called the neck. The crayfish carries caviar all winter, and at the beginning of summer the eggs burst and from them emerge crayfish the size of an ant. And now everyone knows where crayfish spend the winter, not just the most cunning people, as was believed in the old days. Crayfish overwinter in burrows on river and lake banks.

In the first year of life, cancer changes its shell (this is its external skeleton) eight times, and as an adult, once a year. After molting, the naked crayfish hides in its burrow until the new shell hardens on it. Molting crayfish is a very tasty treat for many fish.

Cancer is a nocturnal beast. During the day he sits in his hole, but, sensing prey, he often jumps out of it even in the sun. Then you can see how bubbles rise from the bottom in a chain to the surface: it is he who releases the air. Crayfish prey is all kinds of small living creatures: water insects, fish, and most of all it loves carrion. From afar he can smell it underwater.

This is the treat they catch him with: a piece of fragrant meat, a dead fish, a frog - when in the evening he comes out of his hole and wanders along the bottom in search of prey - head first. (Cancer just runs away backwards.)

The bait is tied to a crayfish - a net stretched over two wooden or wire hoops 30-40 centimeters in diameter, so that the first crayfish does not drag the carrion out of the net. The crayfish is tied with twine to the end of the pole and lowered from the bank to the bottom. Where there are a lot of crayfish, they very quickly crowd into the net and get entangled in it.

There are more complex ways of catching crayfish, but the simplest and most often the most productive method of hunting them is: where it is shallow, walk along the bottom and simply pull the crayfish out of the holes with your hands by the back. It happens, of course, that a crayfish will pinch your finger, but this is not at all scary, and we advise not cowards to catch crayfish with their hands.

If you have a pot, salt and dill with you, you can boil water right there on the shore, add salt and dill to it and boil the crayfish.

Crayfish are wonderfully tasty by the fire on the banks of a river or lake in warm weather. summer night under the starry sky!

COLLECTIVE FARM CALENDAR

The rye has grown taller than a man and is already blooming. In it, as in a forest, a field cockerel walks with his partridge, and behind them their tiny partridges roll like yellow balls: they have already hatched from the eggs and run away from the nest.

Haymaking is underway. Collective farmers where they mow by hand with scythes, where they go out on hay mowers. A car is walking through a meadow, flapping its empty wings, and behind it, tall, lush, fragrant grass lies in even rows, as if along a ruler.

Grew up in the vegetable garden green onions, - the kids are dragging him around.

Girls go berry picking with boys. By the beginning of this forest month, sweet strawberries ripened on the sunny hills. Now it is its very strength, and the blueberries are already ripening in the forest, the gonobol berry is ripening, and in the mossy forest swamps the cloudberries have turned from white to red, from red to golden cloudberries full of seeds. Take what you want - any berry!

And the guys would take it, but at home there is a lot of work to do: we need to fetch water, water the entire garden, weed the beds.

Collective farm news

Reported by N. Pavlova

THERE ARE COMPLAINTS

from meadow grasses. They complain that collective farmers are offending them. The grasses are just about to bloom. And some of them have already blossomed. White feathers—stigmas—protruded from the spikelets, and heavy anthers hung on thin threads.

Suddenly the mowers arrived and cut off all the grass close to the ground. Now they have no time to bloom! We must grow and grow again!

Lescors investigated the case. It turned out that the cut grass was dried. It turns out to be hay. Livestock must be provided with hay throughout the winter. Therefore, collective farmers, cutting all the grass for hay, are doing exactly the right thing.

FIELDS SPRAYED WITH MAGIC WATER

Splashes of magical water will fall on the weeds, and the weeds will die. For them this water is dead. And if splashes of magic water fall on the cereals, the cereals will still stand cheerfully and cheerfully. For them this water is alive. Not only does it not harm them, but it helps them live: it gets rid of their enemies—weeds.

VICTIM OF THE SUN

On the Komsomolets collective farm, two piglets burned their backs while walking in the sun. Blisters appeared on the burned areas. A veterinarian was urgently called to the piglets. Walking of little piglets, even with their mothers, is prohibited during hot hours.

DISAPPEARANCE OF CUTTERS

Two recently arrived summer residents mysteriously disappeared from the Zarechye collective farm. After a long search, they were found on a haystack, three kilometers from Zarechye.

The summer residents got lost. And here's how. In the morning they went swimming and noticed a road through a blue flax field. In the afternoon we got ready to go home and began looking for the blue field, but we couldn’t find it. So we lost our way.

The summer residents did not know that flax blooms early in the morning, and during the day its flowers fall off, and the flax field turns from blue to green.

RESORTS CHICKENS

Today early in the morning the collective farm chickens went to the resort. They travel with all the comforts: in cars and even in their own homes. Chicken resort in an empty field. The bread was removed, all that remained was a bristle of straw and grains that had fallen to the ground. So that these grains do not go to waste, resort chickens are brought here. There will be a whole chicken village here. Only short-lived - temporary. The chickens will pick up the last grains from the ground - and again go to the car and to a new place - to collect new grains.

UNIT AMONG THE SHEEP

The mother ewes are very excited: their lambs are being taken away from them. But we must not allow adult lambs, three to four months old, to still follow their mother’s heels. It's time for them to learn to live an independent sheep life. The lambs will now graze in separate lamb flocks.

GET GOING ON THE WAY

The berries are ripe: raspberries, currants and gooseberries. They need to get ready to travel from collective and state farms to the city.

Gooseberry is not afraid of a long journey:

“Take me, I can stand it, and the sooner you send me, the better: I’m not quite mature and hard yet.”

And the currant says:

- Lay it down more carefully - I’ll get there.

And the raspberries have already become sour:

- It’s better not to touch me, leave me where I am! I'm scared to death of driving. The worst thing in life is to shake. You shake, you shake, and you become mush.

DISORDERS IN DINING CENTERS

In the pond of the collective farm “Pervoe Maya” there are pegs sticking out above the water. These are signs: “Fish canteen.” Each such underwater dining room has a large table with sides. There are no chairs in the fish canteens.

In the mornings, the water around the pegs is boiling: the fish are impatiently waiting for breakfast. The fish's discipline is still weak: they touch each other, push each other.

At seven o'clock, boiled potatoes, dough made from weed seeds, dried cockchafers and other tasty dishes are brought to the canteens by boat from the kitchen factory.

At this hour there are too many fish in the canteens: at least four hundred fish are having breakfast in each canteen.

A YOUNG STORY

Our collective farm stands near an oak grove. Cuckoos rarely fly into it. He'll crow once or twice - and good-bye! And now in the summer I hear that they have begun to crow painfully often. Just here the collective farm herd was driven to graze in this grove. At lunchtime a shepherd boy comes running and shouts: “The cows have gone mad!”

We all hurry to the grove - and there this is happening, this is happening - it’s just creepy and terrible! The cows roar, rush about, hit themselves on the back with their tails, blindly stumble into trees - and at any moment they will break their own heads or trample all of us.

They quickly moved the herd to another place. And what happened?

It's all the caterpillars' fault. Brown, huge, hairy, shaggy - well, like little animals. All the oak trees are covered, some branches are already bare, the leaves are eaten. The hairs of the caterpillars are torn off, the wind carries them through the air - they get into the cows' eyes, they prick like that - it's just creepy and terrifying!

And there are cuckoos here, cuckoos! I've never seen so much in my life! And, besides them, golden and black beautiful orioles, and cherry and blue jays on their wings. People from all over the area gathered in our grove.

And - imagine! — the oak trees survived: less than a week passed, all the caterpillars were gone. Well done, right? Otherwise our grove would have ended. Just creepy and terrifying!

HUNTING

NOT FOR GAME AND NOT FOR BEAST

In summer, hunting is not for game or animals. More likely not even hunting, but war. In summer a person has many enemies. Let's say you planted a vegetable garden. We planted vegetables. Water it. Well, will you be able to protect them from enemies?

It’s not enough to put a scarecrow on a stick. The scarecrow will help against sparrows and other birds, but even then not very much.

And there are such enemies in the garden that not only scarecrows, but even a man with a gun will not be afraid. You can’t kill them with a club, you can’t shoot them with a gun.

You can deal with them only by cunning; against them you need a sharp, alert eye. They themselves are not very tall; they take it from others.

ENEMY JUMPING

Small black bugs with two white stripes on the back appeared on the vegetables. They jump on the leaves like fleas. Sound the alarm: the garden is in danger.

A terrible enemy is the garden flea beetle. In two or three days it can destroy a vegetable garden covering several hectares. She will gnaw holes in young, not yet strong vegetable leaves, turn the leaves into lace - and the garden will perish! The flea beetle is especially dangerous for turnips, turnips, rutabaga and cabbage.

Hike to the flea

This is how they fight fleas. They are armed with pikes with flags, the flags on both sides are thickly smeared with glue, leaving their lower edge clean (about seven centimeters).

With this weapon they go to the garden, walk between the ridges and wave flags over the vegetables, touching them with the clean edge of the cloth.

Fleas jump up and get stuck in the glue. But even here you cannot consider yourself a winner. New hordes of enemies may attack the garden.

You need to get up early in the morning, while there is dew on the grass, and through a fine sieve, sprinkle the vegetables with stove ash, tobacco dust or slaked lime. On large collective farm areas this is done not by hand, but from an airplane.

This will not harm the vegetables, but will keep fleas away from the garden.

FLYING ENEMIES

Even worse than fleas are butterflies. They quietly lay their eggs on vegetables. Caterpillars emerge from the testicles and gnaw on leaves and stems.

The most dangerous butterflies: daytime butterflies - the cabbage white (large, with white wings with black spots) and the turnip white (the same, only smaller); nocturnal - cabbage moth (small, winged, yellow in front, like ocher), cabbage cutworm (fluffy, brown-gray) and cabbage moth (tiny grayish butterfly, similar to clothes moth).

With them it’s a hand-to-hand fight: they collect and crush the testicles directly with their hands. And one more thing: sprinkle on vegetables as against fleas.

But there are more terrible enemies, those who attack a person directly.

These enemies are mosquitoes.

Tiny hairy worms and barely visible pupae with small horns on absurdly large heads swim in the stagnant water.

These are mosquito larvae and pupae. Their testicles are right there in the swamp: some float, stuck together in small boats, others are stuck to the swamp grass.

MOSQUITO AND MOSQUITO

There is a mosquito and a mosquito. One burns - it only hurts and a blister pops up. This is a simple mosquito, not dangerous. And another one will bite you and you will get swamp fever, malaria, as scientists call it. It makes you feel hot, cold, shaking, and chilling. It lets go for a day or two, and then it exhausts you again.

This is a malaria mosquito. It's pictured here on the right.

In appearance, both mosquitoes are similar to each other, only the female malaria mosquito also has tentacles next to the proboscis (sting). On the proboscis of the malaria mosquito (female) there are poisonous microbes. When a mosquito bites, these microbes enter the human blood and then destroy it.

That's why the disease comes.

Scientists learned all this by examining the blood of mosquitoes under a very powerful microscope. You won't see anything here with the naked eye.

DEATH TO MOSQUITOES!

You can't kill all the mosquitoes with your hands.

Scientists fight their larvae while they are in the water.

Take a bottle of swamp water with larvae. Drop some kerosene into a bottle. Look what happens. Kerosene will spill over the water like oil. The larvae will curl up like snakes. The big-headed pupae will either fall to the bottom or quickly jump up.

The larvae with their tails and pupae with their horns will begin to break through the oil film of kerosene.

The kerosene will clog the holes through which the larvae breathe, and they will all suffocate. This is how they fight mosquitoes in many other ways.

In swampy areas, where people cannot survive from mosquitoes, they pour kerosene into standing water.

It is enough to add kerosene to the reservoir once a month so that all mosquito offspring disappear from it.

RARE CASE

An unprecedented incident happened here. The shepherd came running from the grooming and shouted:

- The beast crushed the heifer!

The collective farmers gasped, and the milkmaids roared.

This was our best chick, she had a medal from the exhibition.

Everyone abandoned their work and ran to the office to take a look.

In the pasture—that’s what we call the pasture where cattle graze—in the far corner, near the forest, lies a dead heifer. Her udder was eaten away, her neck at the scruff of the neck was torn, but the rest was intact.

“Bear,” says Sergei the hunter. “He’s always like this: he’ll crush you and throw you away.” Then he will come to eat when the meat gives off the breath.

“That’s true,” Andrei the hunter agrees. “There’s nothing to interpret here.”

“Let’s all disperse,” says Sergei. “We’ll make a storage shed here in the trees.” If not today, then tomorrow night, I suppose, a bear will come here.

It was only then that we remembered our third hunter, Sysoi Sysoich. He is small in stature and invisible in the crowd.

—Will you sit on guard with us? - Sergey and Andrey ask.

Sysoy Sysoich is silent. He stepped aside and looked at something on the ground.

“No,” he says, “the bear won’t come here.”

Sergei and Andrey shrugged their shoulders.

- Your will.

The collective farmers dispersed, and Sysoi Sysoich also left.

Sergei and Andrey cut up poles and set up a storage shed on nearby pine trees.

They look - Sysoy Sysoich returns with a gun and Zorka, his husky.

Again he examined the ground around the heifer, and for some reason also examined the trees.

Then he headed into the forest.

That same night, Sergei and Andrey ambushed the storehouse.

They sit all night - there is no beast.

The other one is sitting - no.

The third one is gone.

The hunters' patience ran out. They say to each other:

“But Sysoy Sysoich found out something that we didn’t notice.” It’s true: the bear doesn’t come.

- Shall we go and ask him?

- A bear?

- Why a bear? Sysoich.

“There’s nowhere else to go.” I'll have to go.

They come to Sysoy Sysoich, but he’s just from the forest.

A large bag is dumped in the corner, he is cleaning the gun himself.

“So and so,” say Sergei and Andrey. “Your truth: the bear didn’t come.” What is the reason here, pray tell?

“Have you ever heard,” Sysoy Sysoich asks them, “that a bear would eat the udder of a squashed cow and throw away the meat?”

The hunters looked at each other: such mischief, and it’s true, is not common with a bear.

- Well, we looked. The trail is wide - a quarter wide.

-Are the claws big?

The hunters were completely confused.

“We didn’t notice any claws on the trail.”

- That's it. On a bear trail, the first thing you will see is claws. Now tell me: what animal retracts its claws while walking?

- Wolf! - Sergei blurted out.

Sysoy Sysoich just grunted:

- Well, the rangers!

“Come on,” says Andrey. “A wolf’s footprint is the same as a dog’s, only bigger and narrower.” The cat, indeed, takes in its claws as it walks, its trail is round.

“Here’s the thing,” says Sysoy Sysoich. - The cat ran over the heifer.

-Are you laughing?

- If you don’t believe me, look what’s in the bag.

Sergei and Andrey rushed to the bag, untied it, and there was the red, spotted skin of a large lynx.

That means who finished our chick! And how Sysoy Sysoich overtook the lynx in the forest, how he killed it - that’s all he and his husky Zorka know about. They know, but they remain silent and don’t tell anyone.

It is very rare for a lynx to attack a cow. But this happened to us today.

FROM DIFFERENT ENDS OF THE UNION

RADIO CALL CALL

Attention!

Attention!

Leningrad speaking - the editorial office of Lesnaya Gazeta.

Today, June 22, on the day of the summer solstice - the longest day of the year - we are organizing a radio roll call from different parts of our country.

We evoke tundra and desert, taiga and steppe, seas and mountains.

Tell us what is happening to you now - in the midst of summer, on the longest days and the longest short nights?

Listen! Listen!

THE ARCTIC OCEAN ISLANDS SAY

What nights are you talking about? We have forgotten what night and darkness are.

Our longest day: it lasts around the clock. The sun rises and falls in the sky, but does not disappear into the sea. And this will last for almost three months.

The light does not dim, and with fabulous speed, by leaps and bounds, grass grows from the ground, leaves and flowers bloom. The swamps are overgrown with moss. And even bare stones are covered with colorful plants.

Tundra came to life.

True, we don’t have beautiful butterflies and dragonflies, we don’t have nimble lizards, we don’t have frogs or snakes. There are also no animals that burrow into the ground for the winter and sleep in holes all winter. Our land is bound by permafrost and even in the middle of summer it thaws only at the surface.

Clouds of mosquitoes buzz over the tundra, but we do not have the famous fighters of these bloodsuckers - agile bats. How would they live here - even fly here for the summer - when they hunt for mosquitoes only in the evenings and at night - and we have neither darkness nor twilight all summer?

There are not many different animals on our islands. Only pieds - short-tailed rodents the size of a rat - white hares, arctic foxes and reindeer. Yes, from time to time huge polar bears swim to us from the sea - to wander around the tundra, looking for prey.

But we have birds, the birds can’t be counted! Although the snow still lies in all the shady places, a great force has already flown towards us. There are horned larks, and pipits, and wagtails, and snow buntings - all the singing brethren. And even more seagulls, loons, waders, ducks, geese, fulmars, guillemots, funny little puffins and others amazing birds, which you may have never even heard of.

Screaming, noise, songs. The entire tundra, even the bare rocks above it, are already occupied by nesting sites. On another rock there are thousands and thousands of nests nearby, all the smallest depressions in the stone are occupied, where at least one egg can be laid. There is such a hubbub here - a real bird market! If a predator tries to approach such a place, the birds will attack him like a cloud, deafen him with their screams, beat him to death with their beaks, but they won’t let their children be harmed.

It's so much fun in the tundra now.

You ask: “When do your birds and animals rest and sleep, since you don’t have nights?”

Yes, they hardly sleep: they have no time. They take a nap for a minute and then get back to work: some feed their young, some build a nest, some hatch eggs. Everyone's mouth is full of troubles, everyone is in a hurry: our summer is too short.

And they will have time to sleep even in winter - for the whole year.

THE CENTRAL ASIAN DESERT SPEAKS

But with us it’s the other way around: everyone is sleeping now.

Our cruel sun has dried up the greenery; The last rain, we don’t remember when it happened. It’s also surprising how not all the plants withered to death.

Camel thorn grass - itself barely half a meter tall - managed to send its roots five to six meters deep into the hot earth and sucks subsoil water. Other bushes and grasses have grown thin green hairs instead of leaves; This way they exhale less moisture from themselves. And the thickets of saxaul - our low desert tree - stand completely without leaves: saxaul has green thin branches.

The wind will blow, and dust will rise over the desert like a dry cloud and cover the sun. And suddenly a terrible noise and whistle is heard: as if thousands of snakes were hissing.

But these are not snakes: they hiss, whistle, whipping through the air from strong wind, thin branches of saxaul forest.

And the snakes are sleeping now. The steppe boa also sleeps, buried deep in the sand - a thunderstorm for gophers and jerboas.

These animals also sleep. The thin-legged gopher sleeps all day, having blocked its hole from the sun with an earthen plug; Only early in the morning does he go out to look for food. And how much he has to run now to find a plant that hasn’t dried out! And the yellow gopher has completely hid underground and will sleep for a long, long time: all summer, all autumn, all winter - until the new spring. He only walks for three months a year, otherwise he’s still sleeping.

Spiders, scorpions, centipedes, ants - they all hid from the scorching sun: some under stones, some in the ground - in the shade - and only come out at night. You will no longer see nimble lizards or slow-moving turtles.

The animals moved to the outskirts of the desert - closer to the water. The birds raised their chicks long ago and flew away with them. Only the swift-winged hazel grouse lingered: it costs them nothing to fly a hundred kilometers to the nearest river, drink from it themselves and, having collected a full crop of water, rush with it back to their nests and feed the chicks. But the hazel grouse will also leave these terrible places as soon as their chicks learn to fly.

Only our Soviet people are not afraid of the desert. Armed with powerful technology, he builds irrigation canals where he can, to bring water here from distant mountains, to turn dead sands into green meadows and fields, to grow gardens and vineyards here.

Where there is no man, the master in the desert is the wind—man’s first enemy; it uplifts the dry ramparts of sandy dune hills, drives them into villages, and buries them at home. But our man is not afraid of it either: in alliance with water and plants, he firmly sets a limit to the wind. In places irrigated by humans, trees stand like a wall, grasses dig into the sand with countless roots - and there are no dunes here.

Yes, the desert is not at all like the tundra in summer. All living things sleep in the sun. The nights are dark, dark - and only at night there is still a glimmer of timid life, tormented by the merciless sun.

Listen! Listen!

TAIGA USURIYSKAYA SAYS

We have an amazing forest: either the Siberian taiga or some tropical jungle: there are pine, larch, and spruce here, and broad-leaved trees intertwined with thorny vines and wild grapes.

Our animals: reindeer and the Indian antelope, the common brown and black Tibetan bear, and the black hare, the lynx and the panther, and the tiger, the red wolf and the gray wolf.

Birds: the humble gray hazel grouse and brilliant pheasant, our gray and white Chinese geese, the common mallard duck and the colorful and amazing tree-dwelling mandarin duck and the white-billed ibis.

During the day it is stuffy and gloomy in the taiga; sunlight cannot break through the solid green canopy of overgrown crowns.

Our nights are dark, and so are our days.

All the birds now have eggs or chicks, all the animals have grown up and are learning to earn their own food.

THEY SAY THE KUBAN STEPPE

Machines and horse-drawn reapers deployed in wide formation across our flat, endless fields and reaped a large harvest. Our trains have already transported our white wheat to Moscow and Leningrad.

Eagles and kites, buzzards and falcons soar over the empty fields.

That’s when they began to deftly deal with harvest thieves - mice and voles, gophers and hamsters: from afar you can now see where they will stick out of their burrows. It’s scary to think how many ears these evil little animals ate while the grain was still standing.

Now they are picking up the grain that has fallen to the ground and filling their underground storerooms with it - as a supply for the winter. Keep up with birds of prey and animals: foxes mouse on the stubble, the white steppe ferret, which is most useful to us, mercilessly destroys all rodents.

THE ALTAI MOUNTAINS SAY

Stuffy, steamy in the deep valleys. Hot summer sun Dew quickly evaporates in the morning. In the evening there are thick fogs over the meadows. Water vapor rises, drenches the mountain slopes with dampness, becomes cold and settles on the peaks as clouds. Look, by morning a cloud is swirling over the mountains.

And during the day the sun is on high altitude will turn water vapor back into drops of water, and rain will pour out of the cloud.

And the snow melts and melts above. Only on proteins, the most high peaks, there remains eternal snow, eternal ice - entire ice fields - glaciers. There, at a great height, it is so cold that even the midday sun cannot melt them.

But underneath them, streams run from the rain, from the melting snow, merge into streams, roll down the slopes, fall off the cliffs in waterfalls, and rush down into the rivers. And now for the second time in the year - as it was in the spring - the rivers swell from the abundant influx of water, overflow their banks, and spill over the valleys.

In the mountains we have everything: below on the slopes there is taiga, higher up there are fat alpine meadows- a kind of steppe, - even higher - only mosses and lichens, as in the most distant cold tundra; and at the very top - snow and ice - endless winter, like at the North Pole.

There, at this terrible height, neither animals nor birds live. Only mighty eagles and vultures fly there - with a keen eye they look out from under the clouds for prey. But below, as in a multi-storey building, there are now many different residents - each on their own floor, at their own height.

The male teks climbed higher than everyone else, into the bare rocks - mountain goats. Below them live their goats with kids and large, turkey-sized mountain partridges - ulars.

Herds of steep-horned mountain sheep, the Argali, graze in the lush alpine meadows, and the snow leopard, the snow leopard, has come after them. There are entire colonies of fat marmots - bobak - and many songbirds. Below, in the taiga, there are hazel grouse, wood grouse, deer, bears...

Previously, grain was sown only in the valleys. Now we cultivate fields higher and higher in the mountains. And they plow there not on horses, but on long-haired high-mountain bulls - yaks. We have worked hard to get the best harvest from our land. And we will get it!

Listen! Listen!

THEY SAY SEA-OCEANS

Three boundless oceans washed our great country: from the west - the Atlantic, from the north - the Arctic, from the east - the Pacific.

We left Leningrad by ship and through the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea ended up in Atlantic Ocean. Here we often met foreign ships - English, Danish, Swedish, Norwegian - merchant and passenger ships, fishing sailboats. Herring and cod are caught here.

From the Atlantic we came to the Arctic Ocean. We went along the coast of Europe and all of Asia along the Great Northern Route. This is our ocean and our path, paved by our brave Russian sailors. Previously it was considered impassable, entirely clogged with ice, full mortal dangers. Now our captains lead entire caravans of ships along it, led by powerful icebreakers.

We saw many miracles in these deserted places. We sailed first warm current Gulf Stream. Here we met floating ice mountains- icebergs sparkling unbearably in the sun. Here we pulled sharks and starfish out of the water.

Then the current turned north - towards the pole, and huge ice fields began, quietly moving through the water, splitting and joining again. Our planes do reconnaissance and tell ships where they can pass between the ice.

On islands Arctic Ocean we saw thousands, thousands of geese molting, completely helpless. Their large feathers have fallen out of their wings and they cannot fly. They are simply driven on foot into fences made of nets. We saw huge fanged walruses crawling out to rest on the ice floes, and various amazing seals: a large sea hare, a crested seal, which suddenly inflates a leather bag on its head, as if it were putting on a helmet! We saw scary, toothy, fast-moving killer whales that hunt for whales and their calves.

But about whales next time, when we get to Pacific Ocean: There are more of them. Goodbye!

This concludes our summer roll call from different parts of the country.

Hit the answer straight to the target!

CONTEST FOUR

1. — On what day (according to the calendar) does summer begin and why is this day remarkable?

2. -What kind of fish builds a nest?

3. -What animal makes a nest on the grass and in the bushes?

4. —What birds do not build nests, but raise their chicks in a hole in the sand?

5.—What color are the eggs of these birds?

6. —Which legs grow first in tadpoles—front or back?

7. —How are the spines located on the body of the common stickleback and how many are there?

8. — How does the nest of a city swallow (funnel; short tail) differ (in appearance) from the nest of a barn swallow (killer whale; tail with a fork)?

9. — Why can’t you touch eggs in nests with your hands?

10. — Do male Ivanov worms (fireflies) have wings? At night in the forest, cover the glowing female Ivan's worm with a glass. The light will lure her to the glass of males.

11. —Which bird makes bedding from fish bones in its nest?

12. — Why are the nests of the finch, goldfinch, and warbler so little visible on the branches?

13. — Do all birds hatch their chicks once a summer?

14. — Do we have carnivorous plants?

15. — Who builds a house underwater out of thin air?

16. - The baby has not yet been born, and has already been given away to be raised - who has it?

17. — An eagle flies across distant lands, spreads its wings, covers the sun.

18. - The forests fell, the mountains became.

19. — At the end of the tree our bellies are swaying.

20. - Naked gurgle into the water.

21. - Sweep - sweep - I won’t sweep; I carry it, I carry it, I can’t bear it. The time will come, it will go away on its own.

22. - He wears his bast, but doesn’t wear bast shoes.

The holes are similar, and they were dug by the same owner. And they live in them different animals. Which?

Take care of your friends!

Very often our guys destroy birds' nests - just like that, without any need, out of sheer mischief. At the same time, they do not think about the enormous harm they are doing to themselves and their Motherland. Scientists have calculated that every bird, even the smallest one, brings twenty-five rubles worth of benefits to our agriculture or forestry over the summer. But in each nest there are from four to twenty-four eggs or chicks. Calculate for yourself what loss you bring to the country by destroying a bird’s nest.

Organize detachments to protect the nests, do not let anyone destroy them. Don't let cats into the bushes and forests, drive them out of there: cats catch birds and destroy nests. Tell everyone why we need to take care of birds, how wonderfully birds protect our forests, fields and gardens, how they save our crops from terrible hordes of small, elusive pests - insects.

COLUMBUS CLUB

Month four

Continuation of kukida experiments. - Main mother. - Bibishka and the chicks. - A gift for the grouse. — Water under a lying stone. — Poems and elements. - Anxiety.

Soon the stepmother birds hatched other people's chicks in their nests. Birds sometimes threw testicles that did not resemble their own from their nests during kukida. But since a yellow-throated, helpless chick has hatched in your nest, even if it looks funny, not a single bird will offend it or deny it its cares. The chicks who saw the light in someone else's nest asked for food, and they were fed, without distinguishing whether it was theirs or someone else's.

The kukid with lentils turned out very well. The little stepmother hatched all five chicks and, together with the male - a handsome, red-headed, red-chested - zealously began to feed them. When the lentils flew up to the nest, five thin rope necks, with five blind heads dangling from them, with fluff on the crown of the head, rose to meet them. Three chicks with thin insectivorous noses - a mint, a flycatcher and a warbler, two - a small lentil and a chaffinch - with thick noses of granivorous birds.

But the parents feed the chicks of both of them with caterpillars and other delicate insects. Therefore, the Columbuses had no fears for the life of the small motley group of chicks in the lentil nest.

The Columbuses also transferred the eggs of a thin bird - the white wagtail - to simple house sparrows and back - the eggs of the sparrows to the wagtail. And the sparrows fed the wagtail two days earlier than the wagtails are supposed to feed their chicks; wagtails fed the sparrows for two days too late. And when the chicks left the nest and began to fly further and further from it, both wagtails and sparrows recognized their children by their voices - and the real parents easily lured them to themselves.

The same thing happened with lentils. She only fed other people's chicks until they learned to fly and each flew to their real parents. But the lentil was left with her own chick, and it was also joined by her chicks, fed in other nests by other birds. So the lentil proved to the Columbuses that she is an excellent mother and that in some cases, transferring eggs from one nest to another can be quite painless for both adult birds and their chicks.

The Columbuses themselves also had pupils: they took in fledglings and - straight from the nests - not yet fully fledged chicks for feeding.

Ryo, the eldest of the girls, kind and strict, energetic and neat, was recognized by everyone as the main mother of all the chicks. Who was there in her bird kindergarten: small buntings, linnets, chaffinches, large-headed shrikes, woodpeckers in colorful uniforms and along with all of them - as if made from the same fluff, but with hooked predatory beaks - goggle-eyed owlets. All these “chicks” - as the Columbuses affectionately called them - with hungry squeaks and screams woke up the main mother at first light, and she woke up the other girls - the nannies. All the chicks received their breakfast on time - and even the well-fed owls did not touch their little comrades. The Columbuses purchased pies from grandfather Brad, and the owls received pieces of fresh meat.

Of the boys, Andes alone took part in the difficult task of feeding the chicks. This did not stop him from widely exploring the “Unknown Land.” And made several light boxes from birch bark, sewed them to his belt; he filled one of them with ant pies, and planted “little birds” in the rest and calmly went into the forest with them. When the boxes began to beep, Andes lagged behind his comrades, sat down on the first stump he came across, opened the boxes and, using wooden tweezers, stuck food into the wide-open mouths of the hungry kids.

At this time, Kolk and Vovk were driving through all the forests, looking for nests, setting traps for shrews and small rodents that lived invisible somewhere under the fallen leaves in the grass; They buried deep jars with bait for them - the edges were level with the ground. Love actively assisted them in all their work. But sometimes he suddenly disappeared, got lost, as they say here, in an unknown place. He hid from everyone somewhere in the tall grass in a clearing or in a ditch above a river, lay down on the ground and, propping his fiery head with his hand, peered into the mysterious depths of the pool or into the abyss of the sky, where invisible ships slowly sailed under the inflated sails of the clouds, or the dense depths of the forest, where a gray wolf with a princess on his back flashed before his thoughtful gaze, he imagined a hut on chicken legs, or he saw a goblin: one nostril and no back.

Suddenly waking up, he noticed with surprise that it was already twilight. He jumped up and, muttering something under his breath and waving his hand to the beat, tripping one foot after another, returned home. By his thoughtful appearance, the comrades who met him immediately recognized that he had been writing poems on the way, and until then they pestered him with requests to shake them out of himself until he began to read. Always at the same time, the artist Xi grabbed paper, colored pencils and quickly, quickly sketched out what he wrote poems about. During the day she painted landscapes, and in the evening she populated them with poetic images of Love.

“It’s good when it’s just squirrels in the forest,” she complained to the girls. - But how to draw his favorite heroes - the elements? Remember his quatrain after bad weather:

The sun is back!

The wind is the heavenly janitor -

Swept the sky clean

And fell asleep.

“Then draw a janitor,” Mi advised. - Only not simple, but truly heavenly - with a huge flowing beard. ..

“And how did he fall asleep,” supported Lya. —- He dropped the broom and is lying on a cloud.

Or here are some more of his poems about a willow tree over a river:

- How many long, sharp tongues

At the coastal curious willow!

But the shores are full of secrets...

It's good that willows are not talkative.

Or there are various other things about the wind:

— The water lilies are dozing lightly under the sun.

Suddenly there is an alarm - the breeze is running!

And instantly over the sleepy water

Leaves rise - shields.

- The wind blew from under the ravine,

The ripples drove under the shores,

Red-throated loon

The regime scared with a whistle,

Shot down a magpie over the shore,

Soared into the sky, fell into the river

And deep in its waves

He choked and disappeared.

“Well, Kolk will show me the loon,” said Si. “They say she lives on our lake.” Forty is also nonsense - there are as many of them as you want around. Here's how to draw the wind, which makes ripples and whistles through your fingers!

“And you depict it,” advised Re, “as in Shakespeare’s book.” King Lear turns to him and says: “Blow, wind, blow until your cheeks burst!” And a kind of mug with puffy cheeks is drawn.

So all the Columbus members took turns helping the artist draw, and they often suggested images to the poet for his poems, as if they had one poetic soul for the whole club.

Only Puff kept himself apart. Now that Do had brought home whole heaps of tree and shrub leaves and twigs, he completely stopped going into the forest, but just kept drying the leaves in paper under a press, moving them from place to place, numbering sheets of paper - all day long he was doing what he himself called “putting the herbarium in order.” And when one day the Columbuses unanimously attacked him with threats that they would carry him with them on a string, that there was no need to go far away to sip jelly, not to get out from behind the table— then he suddenly stunned everyone with a mocking statement:

- You all... chase this... from morning to night, sticking out your uh... tongues, and none of you have yet discovered anything like this.

- You opened it! - Caulk interrupted him contemptuously. “If I found anything related to your unit, it was Do, not you.” You are a lying stone under which even water does not run.

- A-and here... this... and he’s running! - Puff declared with unexpected triumph. —-I am an armchair scientist, and not... that... a forest horse. I, sitting still,.. uh-uh... will do more,.. uh-uh... than jumping Do. Have you heard about the aleine tree? Yeah! Keep quiet! No one knows. I looked in all my determinants: it’s not there anywhere. I looked at “A” and “O”: I thought “oleina”, from “deer”. There is no such tree! My discovery!

Puff was so triumphant that he even stopped dragging and stuttering.

“Interesting,” Do asked curiously. - Where did you see him?

- I haven’t seen... that... yet. Collective farmers speak. If only it had been closer, I would have looked long ago - otherwise in the village of Mineev, they say, it’s 18 kilometers away. In the old days, landowners brought it from nowhere, probably from Africa or maybe from Australia. Tall trees, they say. And honeybees - the bees are hovering and buzzing. Wonderful trees! Honey. The food of the gods is nectar.

“So these are not natives,” Vovk tried to reduce the impression made on everyone by the fat man’s unexpected discovery. —Once from somewhere in Australia. And until we see at least one of their branches ourselves, we still won’t believe your “discovery.”

“That’s all the more interesting,” Puff snapped without even looking at him. —These are immigrants from distant countries. And here, they say, they are so big, you look at the top and your hat falls off. Centenarians.

The next morning Vovk brought a little badger, and the impression of unexpected discovery Pafa immediately went dark.

The collective farm boys showed him a badger hole with many entrances and exits in the forest. And Vovk had the patience to climb a tree while it was still dark and watch the hole from there. He sat on the branch for several hours, got hungry, and wanted to get down, but then - it was already noon - a badger’s head poked out of the hole, twisted her nose, disappeared... About five minutes later she crawled out of the hole with a little badger in her teeth. She dragged him to a sandy patch of grass on a hillock, in the full sun, and went back to the hole.

Vovk thinks - for the second.

But he didn’t wait for her to return, he quickly slid down the tree, ran up to the little badger, grabbed him by the collar - and ran!

Vovk wanted to give the animal to Mi, but she refused: she said that her parents would not allow her to keep such an animal in the apartment. You’ll get attached, and then you’ll still have to give it to the zoo... Vovk gave the little animal to Lya, who was looking at him touchingly.

La was very happy about her pet! The wild little animal did not immediately get used to its nurse, and for the first days Lya walked around with bandaged fingers: as soon as the ill-mannered little badger let the teacher feel his teeth. But you should have seen how steadfastly, with what courageous patience Lya endured the pain, how she hid her tears and bitten hands from her comrades! Not once did she even lightly hit or spank her Bibishka.

“Bibishka’s character will deteriorate,” Lya explained, “if force is used to educate him.” My uncle Misha Malishevsky - you know, whose famous fox lives in Moscow on the fourth floor, there was a picture of him in Ogonyok - Uncle Malishevsky says that if he were a minister, he would first let all preschool teachers raise animals, and then already - small children. He says, - children, in general, are all the same - both among people, and among animals, and even among birds. You need love for them, you need patience and perseverance with them. Uncle Misha raised his fox in such a way that the kids on Gogolevsky Boulevard - remember the photo? - they put their fingers in his mouth and grabbed his tongue, and he - beast of prey- and doesn’t think about biting them.

And it’s true: after two or three days, the little badger not only stopped biting, but allowed her teacher to grab him by the face, by the collar, roll him on his back, and even throw him in the air, playing with him. The little animal felt complete trust in her and soon became so attached that it ran after her like a dog.

It was already July 20th, the nesting season was over, almost all the birds had already hatched their chicks. And suddenly Mi and Re come running from the forest and excitedly say that at the edge of the forest under a bush they found a nest of a black grouse with five eggs.

- How so? — Ryo was surprised. “Soon the hunt will begin, all the wild game have their broods matured, and this fool is still soaring!”

“Apparently, her first clutch died,” said Tal-Tin. —This spring has been terrible. Chickens, ducks, and all ground birds laid full clutches, and then suddenly frosts hit. The clutches are gone. Yes, and the second time like this: they laid eggs again, again all the eggs froze! This grouse has apparently nested for the third time. Well, that's good for us. Let's try the kukid here too.

Tal-Tin went to the barn, drove the motley hen from the nest-box there and took one egg from under it. Ryo and Mi ran into the forest - and planted this white egg to the yellow-brown grouse eggs. And in return they took one Teterkino.

They blew him out at home; it turned out to be a chatterbox - without an embryo.

“And I heard,” said Mi, “how a chick was already squealing in the egg of our pest!”

“Yes, interesting,” said Tal-Tin. - What will come of this? The white spot in the grouse’s nest is very striking. Will she really accept him?

“Of course,” said Ande, “he’ll just abandon the nest.” She sat and sat, the eggs were all chattering, she hatched nothing, and then there were ugly people white egg planted. It's clear - he'll be scared.

— This conversation took place over dinner. Kolk, Mi and Si went to the lake during the day and stayed somewhere. We finished dinner, but they were still not there. It got dark. Night has come.

Mi, Si and Kolk never returned.

(To be continued)

Topic of the lesson: “Who lives where?”

Goals: to expand children’s understanding of wild animals, their habits, external signs; develop the ability to respond in detail to the teacher’s questions based on the text read; retell the content of the work close to the text, conveying the author’s attitude towards the characters of the work; develop the ability to find in the text figurative and expressive means used by the author.

Objectives: to instill a love of nature and animals.

Equipment: alphabet notebook, house-teremok, pictures of wild animals, illustrations for fairy tales.

Progress of classes:

INTRODUCTORY PART.

1.The teacher's word.

Today we will talk about animals. And about which animals, you can guess for yourself. I will ask you riddles, and you will guess, and so you and I will make up a word about what animals we will talk about.

2. Telling riddles.

A). Under the pines, under the fir trees, a bag of needles crawls.

Prickly, you can’t take it with your hand. Who is this? (Hedgehog)

There is a picture of a hedgehog on the board.

Question: - What words of the riddle helped you guess that it was a hedgehog?

Bag of needles; Prickly, you can’t take it with your hand

3.Articulation warm-up:

Pure sayings:

Zha-zha-zha- the hedgehog has needles.

Zhu-zhu-zhu - I'll give the hedgehog needles.

Zhi-zhi-zhi- spiny hedgehogs.

Same-o-o-a mushroom rides on a hedgehog.

Zi-zi-zi-hedgehog, slow down hedgehog.

Si-si-si- invite me to visit you.

b). Who jumps deftly under the trees? And flies up into the oak trees?

Who hides nuts in a hollow and dries mushrooms for the winter? (Squirrel).

There is a picture of a squirrel on the board.

Question: - What words of the riddle told you that it was a squirrel?

He jumps deftly. He hides nuts in a hollow. Drying mushrooms.

4. Tongue twister:

White snow. White chalk. White sugar is also white.

White hare also white But the squirrel was not white. It wasn’t even white.

V). Striped beast of prey He was not born for games.

As soon as he sees the enemy, instantly jump at him from the thicket! (Tiger)

There is a picture of a tiger on the board.

Question: - What told you that it was a tiger?

Striped, predatory.

5. Funny verse.

The world bought a TV, asked for the best one.

“I love you,” he said sternly. May there be a lot of stripes!

Questions: - Tell me, what is significant about the tiger this year?

And what animal is similar in its habits to a tiger? (a lion)

There is a picture of a lion on the board.

ABC game for the letter el (L).

Lion cub listens to ditties on a summer afternoon by the pond

Pop-eyed frogs always love to sing there!

Question: - What are the habits of these animals? They are identical. How are these animals different?

Teacher's word. And listen, this riddle also talks about two animals, their habits are also the same, but there are also differences.

Let's listen. Mystery.

The owner walks through the forest touching the grass with his hooves,

He walks boldly and easily, with his horns spread wide.

Who is this? (Elk). What about his relative? (Deer).

There are pictures of elk and deer on the board.

Question: - Are there any differences between these animals?

Nursery rhyme starting with the letter O.

Cucumber, cucumber, don’t go to that end:

Wolves live there and they will bite your tail off.

Teacher's word.

Question: - Guys, where do these animals we are talking about now live?

(children's answers)

So, today we are talking about wild animals.

Our lesson topic: Who lives where?

Guys, we still have wild animals that we haven’t named. But now the children themselves will tell us about these animals.

Teacher's word: Well, now we are listening to a story about another wild animal.

Hare: He lives in the bushes, sleeps under the bushes, flees from evil animals, it’s good that he has long legs. In winter it is white, and in summer it is gray, so it is more convenient for him to live. Who is he? (hare).

Question: - By what signs did you guess that it was a hare?

Fleeing, long legs, white, gray.

There is a picture of a hare on the board. (The student comes in dressed as a hare.)

Poem about a hare: A bunny rides on a tram, A bunny rides, reasons:

If I bought a ticket, “Who am I, a hare or not?”

Question: - So, who is he in this situation? (children's answers)

Teacher's word.

Listen guys about another wild animal.

Wolf: He lives in the forest, in his deep hole. He is strong, and when he wants to eat, he is also angry. He is not afraid of anyone, on the contrary, they are afraid of him. People call it gray. Who is he? (Wolf).

There is a picture of a wolf on the board.

Question: - What words suggested that it was a wolf?

Strong, angry, hungry.

(The student comes in wearing a wolf costume.)

Poem about a wolf: A wolf-wolf rides in a field on his bicycle.

Today he overtook a sparrow and two crows,

Only the wind - the breeze could not overtake.

Teacher's word.

There is also a wild animal and now we will find out who it is?

Fox. Lives in the forest and steppe. Her house is in the ground, she digs a hole for herself, where she hides from evil dogs. Redhead, fluffy tail, skin too, she is cunning. Her name is Patrikeevna. Who is she? (Fox).

There is a picture of a fox on the board.

Question: - How did you know it was a fox? (red-haired, cunning, fluffy tail).

(A student comes in wearing a fox costume).

Why was the fox given the nickname Patrikeevna?

Poem: I am a fluffy fur fox. I just laugh with fools.

The mouthless one will not notice my daring cunning.

If necessary, I'll circle your finger!

Teacher's word.

And there is another animal, listen.

Bear. He also lives in the forest. He's big and clumsy. People call him the forest master. He loves honey, and is also called clubfoot. Who is he? (bear).

There is a picture of a bear on the board.

Question: - By what signs did you understand that it was a bear?

(Big, clumsy, loves honey, club-footed).

(The student comes in wearing a bear costume.) Verse: “Teddy Bear.”

Uch. : And so we met wild animals.

PHYSMINUTE.

The sun looked out the window, 1,2,3,4,5 We are all doing exercises.

We need to sit down and stand up. Extend your arms wider, 1,2,3,4,5.

Bend 3-4. And jump on the spot. On the toe, then on the heel.

We all do exercises.

Teacher's word.

So, well done guys, you solved the riddles well and showed good knowledge about wild animals. – Now tell me fairy tales in which wild animals participate.

(Kolobok, Teremok, Wolf and seven kids, Masha and the bear, Fox and crane). (accompanied by a display of paintings and illustrations of fairy tales).

MAIN PART.

Teacher's word.

Today we will get acquainted with a new work about animals. It was written by Vitaly Bianchi. This is the story - “Bathing Bear Cubs”.

A). reading the story by the teacher.

b). conversation based on reading:

V. – What do you think this story is about?

Who is its main character?

What is the main event in the story?

Tell us how the mother bear bathed her little cubs.

Why do you think she did this?

Did the cubs enjoy the swim?

How did they behave during this?

Who do you think witnessed this event?

And how are you?

V). detailed retelling.

I draw the children’s attention to the fact that when retelling, they try to reflect the author’s point of view and their own.

FINAL PART.

After this, the children run, each sit in their own corner and do their own thing.

Poem.

Today is a whole day: All the animals are at work: Here is an old grandfather bear, beating his boot.

Fox - sister hems his fur coat Bunny sweeps under the tree with a broom

And the gray top guards Kolobok.

DRAGING THE TALE “Kolobok”.

Work in the ABC - notebooks.

Teacher's word. Let's open the notebooks on page 21.

Remember the basic habits of the fairy tale heroes.

What color would you use to represent their characters?

Color the square in each picture.

This concludes our lesson, thank you all.

Ekaterina Sobolevskaya
Ecology lesson notes “Who lives where?”

Task: formation of children's ideas about different conditions animal habitats, characteristic features their type, development of mental operations (generalization, analysis, synthesis).

Equipment: books, illustrations, mosaic game “Whose house?”, attributes for outdoor games.

Preliminary work: conversations with children on Topics: "Who Lives in the forest?» , "Residents of the Pond", "Underground Dwellers", viewing pictures and illustrations, drawing, outdoor and didactic games.

Progress of the lesson:

Educator: Guys, we are now going on an exciting journey! Tell me please, do you have a house?

Children's answers.

Educator: Guys, do you know that it’s not just people who have houses? Animals, insects, birds, fish also have homes! Somebody lives in the river, someone in the forest, someone in the meadow! Now we will go to visit some animals and get to know their homes better.

Where is whose house?

A beehive - a bee lives in it,

But she's not alone there.

The whole family lives there with her,

He makes honey for us.

A bird's house is a nest.

There it is on the tree.

It might be on the roof.

They can fold it on the ground.

Frogs have different homes:

River, swamp or pond.

Any convenient body of water

She is more important than everyone here and there.

Natalya Mazhirina

Educator: What are these poems about?

Children's answers.

Educator: About whose houses?

Children's answers.

Educator: Well done boys! And now we will play a game! I'll throw a ball to everyone and name someone's house, and you have to say who lives in this house.

Held didactic game "Whose is this house?" (example: Who lives in a hollow, in the river, in a nest, in a hole, in a kennel, etc.)

Educator: Now listen to the riddle.

Touchy, covered in needles,

I live in a hole, under a Christmas tree.

Even though the doors are wide open,

But no animals come to me.

Educator: Where hedgehog lives?

Children's answers.

Educator: What does he use to make his house?

Children's answers.

An outdoor game is being played "Funny Hedgehogs"(the guys pretend to be hedgehogs and dig "paws" mink, throw the soil onto the surface, climb out to the surface, sniff the air with their nose).

Educator: Well done boys! And now you must help the animals get into their houses!

Children collect puzzle pictures depicting animals and their houses.

Finger gymnastics.

A fox in a deep forest has a hole - a safe home.

Snowstorms in winter are not scary for a squirrel in a hollow tree.

Under the bushes, a prickly hedgehog rakes leaves into a pile.

(children bend their fingers on both hands: one by one

finger on each line)

Beavers make huts from branches, roots, and bark.

The clubfoot sleeps in the den, and he sucks his paw until spring.

Everyone has their own home, everyone is warm and comfortable in it.

(strikes with palms and fists alternately)

From branch to branch,

Fast as a ball

Jumping through the forest

Red-haired circus performer.

Here he is on the fly

I picked the cone,

Jumped on the trunk

And he ran into the hollow (squirrel)

A bun made from needles.

Who's curled up in a ball here?

You won’t understand where the tail is, where the nose is,

He carries groceries on his back.

In general, you won’t understand right away.

Who is this anyway? (Hedgehog)

Long ear

A ball of fluff.

Jumps deftly

He's nibbling on a carrot.

(Hare)

I, friends, am an underground dweller

I am a digger and a builder,

I'm digging, digging, digging,

I'm building corridors everywhere,

And then I'll build a house

And I live peacefully in it.

(Mole)

Who lives in the deep forest,

Clumsy, clubfooted?

In summer he eats raspberries, honey,

And in winter he sucks his paw.

(bear)

Educator: Well done guys, everyone guessed the riddles! Do you want to draw houses for your animals?

Children: Yes.

On the next two classes you can conduct a drawing or appliqué lesson on topic: “Everyone in the world needs a home!”