Larch. Properties of wood. Beneficial features. About larch Forests and timber reserves

Larch is a coniferous tree that lives for about 600 years and reaches a height of 45-50 meters. Family Pinaceae Lindl. Varieties:

• Larix sibirica Ledeb. - Siberian larch;
• LarixdahuricaTurcz. exTrautv - Daurian larch;
• Larix decidua Mill. - European larch, deciduous;
• Larix maritima Sukacz - Seaside larch;
• Larix olgensis A. Henry - Olgin larch;
• Larix Czekanowskii Sz - Czekanowski Larch;
• Larix SukaczewiiDjil. Dyl. - Sukachev's larch.

This tree is 30% denser and stronger, more resistant to dampness and damage by putrefactive fungi. Siberians say that one larch will outlast two or three pine trees. A larch building can last two or three centuries. But entire houses from larch were rarely cut down due to the hardness of the wood - only a few lower crowns were laid from larch logs.

Larch in nature

Larch can remain in water for many centuries. After lying in water for a long time, it becomes very hard. That is why it went to the construction of bridges, piers and piers. It was on larch piles that I decided to place it on the marshy soils of St. Petersburg Saint Isaac's Cathedral its creator Montferrand. Larch wood was used to make telegraph poles, antennas, sleepers, mine stands, the most important wooden structures and parts for ships, and end pavements.

Until the middle of the 19th century. In Russia, it was forbidden by law to sell larch wood to private individuals - too much of it was required for military and commercial shipbuilding (and even now there are restrictions on its use). An exception was made during construction Winter Palace, St. Basil's Cathedral, the Moscow Kremlin cathedrals, the Manege (now the Central Exhibition Hall in Moscow), where the frames and ceilings were made of larch wood.

Festive and ritual utensils were cut from the root wood. In Zagorsk there is a ladle with a capacity of one and a half buckets. The ladle was hollowed out in the 18th century. from larch root by a Volga master. The wood of this tree is also “musical”. Its high acoustic properties were used in the 17th century. in the manufacture of an organ Polish city Kazimierz.

On old trees you can find tinder fungi or larch sponge. The Evenks used it for washing and washing clothes. Larch soap produces rich foam, easily washing away dirt. The sponge was also used to make a rich red fabric dye. In terms of the content of resinous substances, the larch sponge has no equal. Before the revolution in large quantities exported abroad, and now it continues to be exported. Also in Ancient Rome“white agaricus” - this is what the Romans called the larch sponge - was used as a valuable medicinal raw material. Exported from northern countries The sponge was highly valued in Arab medicine. For the needs of modern medicine, agaricic acid is extracted from it. Durable as amber, larch resin-resin refreshes the oral cavity, cleans teeth well and strengthens gums. Tree bark is also a valuable raw material. Taiga residents get red-brown paint from it. Durable textile dyes are produced from larch bark, essential oils and tannins are extracted.

Siberian larch (Larix sibirica) is from the pine family. Its needles are soft and fall off every autumn like leaves - hence the name of the tree. Larch grows throughout Russia, but most valuable breed found in Siberia. The tree has tall, large, even trunks with low knots. During the growth period, which lasts 100 years, it reaches 50 meters in height.

Larch branches

Siberian larch is very durable material. Its density depends on humidity. At natural humidity, its density ranges from 900 to 1100 kg/m3. At a humidity of 12%, its density is about 700-800 kg/m3. Larch wood is one of the best in terms of resistance to weathering. As long-term studies have shown, due to the combination of high density and high resin content, as well as the specific composition of the resin, it not only ranks first in resistance to decay, but is also twice as durable as such species as oak, ash and pine. In addition, it is practically not susceptible to damage by insects and rodents. Over time, larch only becomes stronger.

In a relationship maximum age There is no reliable information about how long this forest giant can live. During the construction of the Great Siberian Route, a larch tree 425 years old was found. However, there is information that in the Bratsk area there are still living trees that are more than 10 centuries old! For comparison: pine lives about 400 years.

Characteristics of larch tree

The tree is up to 30-50 m high, the trunk diameter is 80-180 cm. The diameter of the trunk at the butt of the larch can reach up to 2.5 m. The crown is ovoid-cone-shaped, narrow at a young age, wide in old trees, with a blunter apex, which Unlike European larch, it does not bend. In old trees, the branches extend from the trunk almost at right angles, bending like a candelabra.

Characteristics of larch wood

The breed is sound. The core is intensely colored reddish-brown. The sapwood is relatively narrow (up to 20 annual layers), white or slightly yellowish with a slight greenish tint. The boundary between the core and sapwood in the cross section is sharply expressed. The annual layers are clearly distinguishable on all three sections and consist of darkly colored (dark brown) and well-defined late wood and lighter early wood. The boundary between the annual layers, as well as the transition from early wood to late wood, is clearly sharp. Resin passages are few and small, visible often and with great difficulty. Due to the clearly visible rather wide annual layers and the straightness of the trunks, the wood in a radial section appears striped. Knots that have a horizontal direction are scattered individually and randomly. The texture is interesting and looks good under varnish. The strength of root wood is much higher than that of the stem, and the curled texture gives it special expressiveness. 0.54%).

Strength. The wood is durable. At 12% humidity, the compressive strength along the fibers is 50-60 MPa, with static bending - 90-100 MPa; end hardness 37 MPa.

Durability. Wood is not subject to rotting.

Technological properties. Difficult to process with conventional cutting tools. When sawing, the tools become oily.

Application. It is used in underwater structures, used for sewer pipes, window frames, construction, ornamental and shipbuilding logs, balance sheets, sleepers, power poles, and mine stands. This breed also occupies a worthy place in furniture and plywood production.

It is the most common material used in construction. The wood of this tree has many beneficial qualities and is absolutely universal in its use.
Due to its high resistance to moisture, temperature changes and excellent resistance to weather conditions, this material is used for the manufacture of ship parts, at hydroelectric power stations, for telegraph poles, and sleepers for railway tracks.
When burned, larch wood gives off a lot of heat, which is why it is considered the best material for heating.
It is interesting to note that the ancient burial mounds found in Altai contain items made of larch. Another 2 thousand years BC. e. Sarcophagi and even chariots were made from this wood. Ritual utensils were made from the root of this tree. A ladle made by an 18th-century master that holds 15 liters is still kept in Zagorsk.

A strong proof of the strength of this wood is the well-known fact: built back in the 5th century AD. e. The palaces and temples of Venice still stand on stilts made of larch wood. Examples closer to us are the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, St. Isaac's Cathedral and buildings in Arkhangelsk also have larch piles at their base. St. Basil's Cathedral and Cathedrals located on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin also have larch wood in their ceilings.
It is interesting to note that in the 17th century larch was used to build a church organ in Poland.
People have long noticed medicinal properties larch, and also used it to make soap. Larch resin - oleoresin - was used to cleanse the mouth and prevent gum disease. Larch bark is also used to obtain dyes and extract essential oils.

For ancient times, the widespread use of larch wood was common. And what role V modern life does this type of tree play? Today, just like many centuries ago, larch is popular and widely used. It is difficult to replace during construction country houses, interior or exterior decoration, when choosing flooring for indoor or outdoor terraces.
Excellent resistance to rotting allows the use of larch wood in construction, where the wood will be constantly in contact with water. For example, for pier construction, for pilings, for garden paths or for finishing swimming pools.
When arranging your home, remember that larch has excellent thermal conductivity, therefore it creates a pleasant microclimate and brings comfort to any place. In the cold weather conditions Wood will help warm the room and keep it cool in hot weather. Thanks to these qualities it is convenient to use when finishing balconies.

Since larch retains heat well, it is used to build a bathhouse. In addition, when in contact with water, this wood not only does not rot, but over time even petrifies. Therefore, larch is the most successful choice of raw materials for the construction and finishing of baths both inside and outside.
Larch occupies a special place in the manufacture of furniture. The texture of the wood is very interesting and looks great under the applied varnish. This wood is often used to make cladding panels for furniture.
Larch is often and justifiably used as a floor covering. This is a smart choice in light of the qualities listed above. The colors and texture of larch will not leave you indifferent. You will definitely find an option to your liking. By choosing a larch floor board, you will receive a durable, aesthetic and high-quality coating.
The last and most important aspect is the price of larch. When choosing this material, you will find a lot of advantages, quality and excellent appearance at a reasonable price.

Larch stands a little apart. As a rule, everyone admires the properties of cedar ( Siberian pine), however, few are ready to say that larches are better. Moreover, many people think that it is almost no different from spruce and pine. In reality, everything is exactly the opposite. The qualities of larch are so unique that it may well be on the same level as cedar, or even surpass it.

In nature, larch (lat. Larix) is one of the most common species coniferous trees. IN Northern Eurasia And North America About 20 species of larch grow. The following larch varieties are of industrial interest: European Larch (Latin Larix decidua), Siberian Larch (Latin Larix sibirica) in Eurasia, American Larch (Latin Larix laricina) and Western Larch (Latin Larix occidentalis).

More than ten species of larch grow on the territory of Russia, with two of them accounting for 99 percent: Dahurian larch (Larix dahurica) and Siberian larch (Larix sibirica).

Siberian larch is called in the world: Larix sibirica, Larix russica, Sabine ex Trautv, Siberian Larch, Russian Larch and even “The Tree of Eternity” - “Tree of Eternity”, for its special wear resistance.

In favorable conditions, Siberian larch grows in height up to 50 m with a trunk diameter of up to 1 m. As a rule, it lives up to 300-400 years, although there are single specimens aged 700, 800 and even 1000 years. For example, in the Bratsk region you can still find larches older than a thousand years - 1052, 1280 and 1348 years old.

Further, larch wood is highly durable and moisture resistant. In terms of strength, it is even ahead of oak - 96 MPa versus 94 MPa. Moreover, thanks to the special composition of the resin, larch only gains strength over time. In terms of hardness, it is only one point inferior to oak - 109 units on the Brinell scale versus 110 (oak). The density of wood depends on the type and location of growth. The densest wood is larches from Altai - 725 kg/m3. And the average density is The average density of this wood is 550-590 kg/m. For comparison: the density of oak is 670-720 kg/m3.

Larch has the unique property of resisting rot. The reason is gum (a natural substance) that protects the wood from deterioration. According to the European standard EN 350-2:1994, larch belongs to the group of very rot-resistant species.

Moreover, it is important that larch can retain all of the above properties without additional treatment with varnishes and special impregnations. Due to the peculiarity of the resin that impregnates larch, it is not attacked by wood-boring insects. All these characteristics allow the use of larch wood in the most various areas, from construction work to the chemical industry.

Let's give some striking examples. The larch trunks that fell in the taiga in the 18th (!) century still have completely healthy wood. Parquet floors of the Ostankino Palace of Counts Sheremetyev; internal details of the Moscow Kremlin cathedrals and St. Basil's Cathedral; The frames of the Winter Palace are all proof that larch wood can last for hundreds of years. There are many known buildings made of larch wood, whose age exceeds 500 years and which are well preserved to this day.

However, the most a shining example is Venice, which stands on larch stilts. In total, about 400 thousand piles were driven during construction. In 1827, i.e. after about 1000-1400 years, part of the piles was examined, and it turned out that they seemed to have petrified... The tree became so hard that an ax and a saw could barely take it. In general, scientists have found that prolonged contact of larch with water leads to a noticeable increase in its hardness. Another example is the larch piles of the Troyan Bridge across the Danube that stood for 1800 years.

Larch is widely used in shipbuilding. In this area, only some tropical breeds can compete with it. Even now, the hull lining of expensive yachts is often made of larch.

The high-quality acoustic characteristics of larch were used in the 17th century in the manufacture of an organ in the Polish city of Kazimierz.

Festive and ritual utensils were cut from the root wood. For example, in Zagorsk there is a ladle with a capacity of one and a half buckets, which was dug out of a larch root in the 18th century. Historically, larch wood was used for the main beams of mill wings, as well as for the production of cooling towers and silos.

Where is larch wood currently used? In the construction of houses, ships, bridges, in the manufacture of furniture, for the equipment of swimming pools, beaches, boat berths. In the construction field these are roofs, walls, ceilings, external doors, garage doors, window frames, facade coverings, for the production of shingles. In mining it is used for stands. The track of the modern Olympic cycling track in Krylatskoye is made using larch covering.

The best qualities are obtained from larches harvested in Altai, in the Baikal region, in the upper reaches of the Lena and Angara. However, despite the widespread prevalence of larch and the high quality of its wood, the volume of harvesting and industrial applications larch in Russia does not exceed only 5 percent of the total logging volume. One of the reasons for its limited use is the difficulty of processing, which is caused by the structure and properties of this wood.

Due to its high density, larch wood sinks, making it impossible to float along rivers. In other words, transportation from procurement sites to processing sites is impossible.

Larch is difficult to process. Due to the high resin content (up to 23 percent; for comparison: pine has up to 5 percent) cutting tool becomes oily, the saw tooth bosoms become clogged, which leads to increased wear of tools and mechanisms. On the other hand, larch is easily sanded and painted (after deresining the surface).

Separately, it should be said about the technology of drying larch, since it is different from drying wood of other coniferous species. To protect the wood from cracking and warping during drying, it must be kept in the steaming mode for a long time and dried in a “soft” mode.

High density wood, which is considered as positive characterization, in practice creates problems, and as the wood dries, its density increases so much that it becomes impossible to hammer a nail into larch, and it is impossible to remove nails from old boards because they tear.

Among the advantages of larch is low thermal conductivity. Thus, in winter such a house will be warm, and in summer it will not warm up much, and even at +30 degrees the natural coolness will remain. Also, a larch house does not allow extraneous noise from the street to pass through.

Larch wood has increased fire resistance. According to research conducted by the Moscow State University forests, the fire resistance of larch is twice as high as that of pine.

The pattern of larch wood is very beautiful, it has a pronounced structure, a special silky shine and a wide range of 12 colors: it is formed by light yellow, red and golden brown. Wood with a strong red color is called blood larch. The beautiful texture combined with the strength of the wood makes it possible to widely use it, for example, as a floorboard for a long time.

But larch is not only attractive for its construction characteristics. Throughout its entire service life, a larch product releases phytoncides, which prevent colds and viral diseases and have a positive effect on nervous system- reduce the likelihood of developing migraines and neuroses. For example, it is very useful for people with high blood pressure to make interior decoration in a house from Siberian larch boards.

In addition, larch contains the bioflavonoid dihydroquercetin (DHQ), which has high antioxidant properties, that is, it is capable of renewing cells. In other words, larch prolongs youth and delays old age. In the epic tales of the Mansi peoples, larch was revered as a symbol of power, longevity and ever-renewing life.

Secondary plant material and a biologically active flavonoid (taxifolin) are obtained from certain parts of the larch trunk using liquid chromatography. When the purity of this extract approaches 100 percent, it acquires pharmacological quality and is used for circulatory diseases.

I can talk about larch for a long time. The uniqueness of this wood and its high consumer properties are amazing. That is why houses made of logs or larch beams are popular today. Very often it is used only for cladding houses, which gives the building an expensive appearance and also reliably protects it from external influences.

At the same time, it should be noted that the cost of structures made of larch is, of course, higher than those made of pine. However, larch does not require additional processing, which means it will not cause additional financial costs. At the same time, it is more durable. In other words, if you carry out detailed calculations, the price for the period of operation will turn out to be quite adequate.

Siberian larch ( Latin name Larix sibirica) is a coniferous tree from the pine family. The name of this coniferous tree reflects its ability to shed its needles like leaves every fall. The dimensions of the larch tree itself are on average 50 m in height and 2.5 meters in width at the base. Larches are long-lived trees, usually living between 700 and 1000 years.

In Russia, larches are distributed from the northern border of forests to the border with the forest-steppe. Largest clusters larches are on Far East and in Siberia. Larch is also found in the European part of our country, but larch lumber of Siberian origin is valuable for construction. Larch, grown in a milder European climate, has looser wood, similar in properties to pine wood.

Properties of larch

Siberian larch has high resistance to decay. Its wood has a biological resistance twice that of pine. In accordance with European standard EN 350-2; 1994 larch wood is classified as a very resistant species, and pine wood is classified as moderately resistant. The resistance to destruction of this wood is explained by a combination of a number of its unique properties:

• high density,
• special resin composition,
• high resinity.

Well-known proof of the strength and durability of larch are the piles on which Venice stands, made from this very tree. They have been standing in water and have not required replacement for more than 1000 years.

The resistance of larch to rot makes it possible to use it in places where a wooden structure is forced to come into contact with water or ground: in the finishing of swimming pools, piers, in the exterior decoration of houses, for creating wooden floors in the open air, piles, paths, etc.

Larch has very hard wood, it is almost equal to the hardness of oak wood, and its strength in bending, tension and compression is greater than that of oak. And the beautiful texture of larch, combined with its strength, makes it possible to widely use Siberian larch as a floorboard, designed to be used for many decades.

As already noted, the pattern of larch wood is very beautiful. It has a pronounced structure, a special silky shine and a wide range of 12 colors: it is formed by light yellow, red and golden brown.

The value of larch wood is that it has a very small number of knots and other defects. Therefore, a large amount of high-quality wood can be obtained from a larch trunk. The absence of flaws makes it possible to use larch in the design of the most expensive interiors.

Larch wood has increased fire resistance.

The use of larch in interior decoration

(lat. Lárix) - genus woody plants pine family, one of the most common species of coniferous trees. Larch - singular gender conifers, whose needles fall off in the winter. However, larch seedlings retain needles throughout the year. If we take into account that in “childhood” trees exhibit the features of ancient forms, we can assume that the deciduousness of larch is a secondary quality. Probably, its ancestors were evergreen trees, and the ability to shed leaves in the fall arose as a result of adaptation to a harsh climate (with frosts up to 60 ° C). Due to its exceptional frost resistance and unpretentiousness, larch is very widespread.

About 20 species of larch grow in cold and temperate zones Europe, Asia and North America. The most ancient species grow in mountain systems Himalayas, Eastern Tibet and Cordillera. In Russia there are 6-7 species and several hybrid forms that arose at the junctions of habitats. The participation of larch in the species composition of forests increases with movement to the north. There are 14 species of larch growing in Russia. Of these types, the largest economic importance have Daurian and Siberian. Larch in Russia occupies the most large areas among all species - about 40% of the forest area and 33% of our total timber reserves are concentrated in them. In harsh climatic conditions larch reaches operational indicators only after 150-200 years.

Larch is a monoecious tree, usually large, up to 35-50 m high and up to 1 m in diameter. The crown is cone-shaped (in young trees), cylindrical or wide-conical (in old ones), formed by elongated growth shoots, on which the needles are located singly and in a spiral, and short shoots with bunches of needles (20-40 each).

Larch forests (larch, foliage) - pure light coniferous or mixed forests with the main species (dominant) larch. The most significant areas are occupied in Northern Eurasia, North America (Canada), small areas- in Central and East Asia(China) and in Western Europe. In Russia - the bulk in Western and Eastern Siberia, in the Urals, in the mountains of Southern Siberia and Transbaikalia, in the Far East. In the northwestern regions of the European part of Russia, larch forests are found in small areas.

Larch forests are common in various climatic and soil conditions, from arid central regions Asia, where they border with the steppes, to the forest-tundra and upper limit forests in the mountains. Up to 80% deciduous forests grows in a zone of continuous permafrost. Larch forests are the most common type of vegetation cover in Russia. Their appearance varies significantly from region to region.

Characteristics of larch wood

Larch wood is characterized by increased strength compared to oak - 96 MPa to 94 MPa. The density of Siberian larch is 620-725 kg/m3 with a humidity of up to 12%, which is slightly inferior to the density of oak 670-720 kg/m3. In addition to special strength and resistance to external influences, it is characterized good color and structure.

Larch belongs to the soundwood species. It has a reddish-brown core and sharply limited narrow white or slightly yellowish sapwood, clearly visible annual layers with a clear boundary between early and late wood.

The texture of larch is determined in longitudinal sections by the width of the annual layers, the difference in the color of late and early wood, as well as the core and sapwood. The texture on tangential cuts is especially rich and beautiful. The wood has few knots. Larch wood has low uniform density, i.e. it is characterized by a significant difference in density between late and early wood.

Freshly cut larch wood has a water absorption moisture content of 126%. Just like other species, a growing larch tree experiences seasonal and daily fluctuations in humidity, which, while maintaining the general pattern, manifest themselves to a significantly lesser extent.

Moisture and water absorption of larch wood is significantly lower than that of pine due to its greater density. When using protective coatings, products made from it practically do not change their moisture content during operation, so larch can be used for parquet. The moisture conductivity of larch is also significantly lower than that of pine, spruce and birch, which requires a special approach to drying larch lumber.

Larch is a species with severe drying. The internal stress that arises during the drying process of larch lumber is also significantly greater than that of pine and spruce. Therefore, such lumber is prone to cracking and warping during the drying process more than other coniferous species.

The density of wood depends significantly on the type and location of growth. The densest wood is distinguished by deciduous timber obtained in Altai, followed by the Urals and the Urals. European larch has the lowest density.

The air permeability of larch wood (core) is the lowest among all our species. The same can be said about water permeability. Thanks to this, larch wood is difficult to impregnate with various protective qualities.

In addition to its beautiful texture and color, larch has very high strength properties. It is slightly inferior in these indicators only to hardwood species. Her mechanical properties also significantly depend on the species and place of growth.

Possessing high physical and mechanical properties, larch wood at the same time requires a certain technological approach when processing it. Saw blades become heavily oiled when sawing. It is difficult to process with ordinary tools, but can be sanded and painted well (after de-resining the surface.)

The best qualities are obtained from larches harvested in Altai, in the Baikal region, in the upper reaches of the Lena and Angara. Larch wood belongs to the group of resistant to biological effects (fungal damage). Moreover, biostability increases with the age of the tree. More biostable wood in the lower (butt) part of the trunk.

Long-term exposure to water leads to a noticeable increase in the hardness of larch. During the construction of Venice, about 400 thousand larch piles were driven to strengthen the foundations of various structures. In 1827, i.e. after 1000 - 1400 years, part of the piles was examined. In conclusion about their strength it is said that the larch forest piles on which the underwater part of the city is based seem to have petrified. The tree has become so hard that both the ax and the saw can barely handle it.

Due to the peculiarity of the resin impregnating larch, it is not attacked by wood-boring insects, and also allows it to be used without any chemical treatment in cases where other breeds are susceptible to rot.

The fire resistance of larch wood, according to research conducted by the Moscow State Forestry University, is approximately twice as high as that of pine wood.

Dahurian larch has valuable properties. This is a sound breed with resin passages. The sapwood is narrow, white with a slight brownish tint; the core is reddish-brown, sharply different from the sapwood. The annual layers are very clearly visible in all sections due to the sharp difference between early and late wood, and their number in one centimeter is 12-16 pieces. In terms of physical and mechanical properties, larch wood ranks first among Russian coniferous species, while Daurian larch produces wood with higher physical and mechanical properties (10%) than Siberian larch. The trunk height is up to 46 meters, the camber is 1.2%.

Application of larch wood

Larch wood is used in small shipbuilding, construction, carpentry - elements of building structures, wall beams, parquet, molded products, window frames, sleepers and power poles.

Larch is used to make piles and other elements of hydraulic structures that last indefinitely. One example is Venice, which was already mentioned above. Another example is that the piles of the Troyan Bridge across the Danube stood for 1800 years.

The parquet flooring of the Ostankino Palace of Counts Sheremetyev, the window frames of the Winter Palace prove that larch wood can serve long years without the use of special antiseptics.

Currently, a technology has been developed for the production of laminated veneer lumber and furniture panels from larch. Larch wood in laminated laminated structures can be combined with pine (under certain conditions).

The track of the Olympic cycling track in Krylatskoye is made of larch.

Larch wood, both in the form of round timber and lumber, is in steady demand on the market Western Europe. Moreover, prices for larch wood are practically not subject to seasonal fluctuations and remain consistently high.

Larch wood is used: for the equipment of swimming pools, beaches, boat berths, balconies, loggias, terraces, showers, cladding of built-in equipment, wardrobe partitions, dressing rooms, panels, etc.

The cost of products or structures made from larch wood is higher than from pine, but the products are much more durable. The strength of root wood is much higher than that of the stem, and the curled texture gives it special expressiveness. Festive and ritual utensils were cut from the root wood. In Zagorsk there is a ladle with a capacity of one and a half buckets. The ladle was hollowed out in the 18th century. from larch root by a certain Volga master.

Until the middle of the 19th century. In Russia, it was forbidden by law to sell larch wood to private individuals - too much of it was required for military and commercial shipbuilding (and even now there are restrictions on its use). An exception was made during the construction of the Winter Palace, St. Basil's Cathedral, the Moscow Kremlin cathedrals, the Manege (now the Central Exhibition Hall in Moscow), where the frames and ceilings were made of larch wood.

The high acoustic properties of larch were used in the 17th century. during the manufacture of an organ in the Polish city of Kazimierz.

On old trees you can find tinder fungi or larch sponge. The Evenks used it for washing and washing clothes. Larch soap produces rich foam, easily washing away dirt. The sponge was also used to make a rich red fabric dye. In terms of the content of resinous substances, the larch sponge has no equal. Before the revolution, it was exported abroad in large quantities, and now it continues to be exported. Even in Ancient Rome, “white agaricus” - as the Romans called the larch sponge - was used as a valuable medicinal raw material. The sponge exported from the northern countries was highly valued in Arab medicine. For the needs of modern medicine, agaricic acid is extracted from it.

Durable as amber, larch resin-resin refreshes the oral cavity, cleans teeth well and strengthens gums.

Tree bark is also a valuable raw material. Taiga residents Red-brown paint is obtained from it. Durable textile dyes are produced from larch bark, essential oils and tannins are extracted.

In the epic tales of the Mansi peoples, larch was revered as a symbol of power, longevity and ever-renewing life. Larch is a calming tree. It heals nervous disorders, especially those accompanied by attacks of melancholy and depression. Medicinal properties larches are determined by biologically active substances - antioxidants, which help the body fight aging and various diseases, especially under conditions of stress, polluted environment, radiation.