Yuriev-Polsky- a city (since 1152) in the Vladimir region, located on the Koloksha River (a tributary of the Klyazma), 68 km northwest of Vladimir and 180 km northeast of Moscow.

Name

In the chronicles, the city was originally called Gyurgev or Gergev - after its founder Yuri Dolgoruky. The second part of the name - from the word “field”, the city stands on the Suzdal opole - appeared to clarify the location, due to the existence of other cities with the same name during this period: until 1224 - Yuryeva (Tartu), and from 1224 - Yuryeva- Povolsky (Yuryevets), Yuryev in the Dnieper region, located in the southern patrimony of the Suzdal princes (now the city of Belaya Tserkov).

The parallelism of the names “Yuryev-Polskaya” and “Yuryev-Polsky” is recorded, in particular, in the form of two spelling options for the name of the city in the TSB. Currently, on all maps and in official documents the city is called Yuryev-Polsky.

Story

The city was founded in 1152 by Yuri Dolgoruky. By his order, an almost circular fortress was built, which was surrounded by earthen ramparts up to 7 m high that have survived to this day, with wooden walls. In the center of the fortress, St. George's Cathedral was erected in 1234.

Since 1212, Yuryev-Polsky has been the center of an appanage principality, headed by Vsevolod's son Svyatoslav the Big Nest. During his reign, the princely St. Michael the Archangel Monastery was founded in the city fortress.

In 1216, the famous Battle of Lipitsa took place near the city.

In 1238, 1382 and 1408 the city was devastated by the Mongol-Tatar invasion. In 1340 it became part of the great Moscow Principality.

During the unrest of the early 17th century, Yuryev-Polsky was burned by the Poles. From the middle of the 17th century, the economic growth of the city began, which was facilitated by its location on the Great Stromynskaya Road, which connected the Suzdal lands with Moscow.

In the 17th-18th centuries, the ensemble of the Archangel Michael Monastery was rebuilt, in which the gate Theological Church of 1670, located in the western part of the monastery fence, as well as the monumental hipped bell tower of the 17th century and the Znamenskaya refectory church stand out.

Since 1708 - as part of the Moscow province (county town since 1778), since 1796 - in the Vladimir province.

On July 11, 1919, government institutions of the city were looted by a gang of the staff captain of the tsarist army, Efim Skorodumov (Yushka).

In 1920, the Yuryev-Polsky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum was founded.

Until 2010, Yuryev-Polsky had the status of a historical settlement, however, by Order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2010 N 418/339, the city was deprived of this status.

Attractions

Yuryev-Polsky is part of the Golden Ring of Russia. The most famous architectural monuments of the city:

• Michael the Archangel Monastery (XVII century) with a cathedral (1792)
• Znamenskaya Church (1625)
• St. George's Cathedral (1230-1234, reconstruction of the 15th century).
• Remains of the ramparts of the Yuryev-Polsky Kremlin of the 12th century.
• Church of the Nativity of Christ from the 18th century.
• Temple of Nikita the Martyr of the 18th century.

Nearby, in the village of Sima (known since the 14th century) - former estate Prince Golitsyn, here in September 1812 the hero died Patriotic War General P.I. Bagration.

Notable natives

• Nikon of Radonezh (1350-1426) - Venerable. Holy Russian Orthodox Church. The second abbot of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery after St. Sergius of Radonezh.
• Sokolov, Andrey Konstantinovich (1941-2015) - Soviet and Russian historian, specialist in the field of source studies and methodology modern history Russia.
• Fomin, Nikolai Sergeevich (1895-1987) - Soviet military leader, Colonel General of Artillery. Hero of the Soviet Union.
• Yakimovich, Roman (1889-1951) - Polish archaeologist.

Yuryev-Polsky in cinema

In the spring of 1968, the first episode of the film “The Golden Calf” was filmed in Yuryev-Polsky. The city also hosted the filming of the films “The Seventh Day” (2006, directed by Kakha Kikabidze), “St. George’s Day” (2008, directed by Kirill Serebrennikov) and the TV series “Russian Chocolate” (2010, directed by Daria Poltoratskaya).

Yuryev-Polsky, a city with more than 850 years of history, attracts tourists all year round. Yuryev-Polsky is part of the so-called Golden ring Russia, which means there is something to see here and you can recharge yourself with new impressions. So what attractions should you include on your trip?
When arriving in Yuryev-Polsky, tourists first of all strive to visit St. George's Cathedral. And they do this for a reason, since the temple, without exaggeration, is a real treasure of the city. The stone walls of St. George's Cathedral are decorated with unique carvings: ancient sculptors depicted famous biblical scenes and many Orthodox saints.

Once in Yuryev-Polsky, do not forget to visit the monument to the founder of the city - Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
Second place in the list of the most visited attractions in Yuryev-Polsky is occupied by the St. Michael the Archangel Monastery. The monastery is located on the territory of the surviving Kremlin, adjacent to three more existing churches in the city.

You can continue the tour to such attractions as the Church of the Nativity and Nikitsky Church. These Orthodox sites also have rich history and are not inferior in beauty to other shrines.

Leaving Yuryev-Polsky, stop by the village of Sima (it is located 20 kilometers from the city). There is an equally famous attraction here - the estate of the princes Golitsyn.

Of course, you shouldn’t expect a luxurious mansion to appear before you (after all, it’s over 200 years old), but it will be interesting to get acquainted with the estate of the Golitsyn family and the museum that operates there.

Holy Intercession Church

GENERAL INFORMATION
Yuryev-Polsky (Yuryev-Polskoy) is a city (since 1152) in Russia, administrative center Yuryev-Polsky district, Vladimir region.
Population - 18,737 people. (2016).
The city is located on the Koloksha River (a tributary of the Klyazma), 68 km northwest of Vladimir and 180 km northeast of Moscow.

Name
In the chronicles, the city was originally called Gyurgev or Gergev - after its founder Yuri Dolgoruky. The second part of the name - from the word “field”, the city stands on the Suzdal opole - appeared to clarify the location, due to the existence of other cities with the same name during this period: until 1224 - Yuryev (Tartu), and from 1224 - Yuryev- Povolsky (Yuryevets), Yuryev in the Dnieper region, located in the southern patrimony of the Suzdal princes (now the city of Belaya Tserkov).

The parallelism of the names “Yuryev-Polskaya” and “Yuryev-Polsky” is recorded, in particular, in the form of two spelling options for the name of the city in the TSB. Currently, on all maps and in official documents the city is called Yuryev-Polsky.

Shopping arcades

Story
The city was founded in 1152 by Yuri Dolgoruky. By his order, an almost circular fortress was built, which was surrounded by earthen ramparts up to 7 m high that have survived to this day, with wooden walls. In the center of the fortress, St. George's Cathedral was erected in 1234.

Since 1212, Yuryev-Polsky has been the center of an appanage principality, headed by Vsevolod’s son Svyatoslav the Big Nest. During his reign, the princely St. Michael the Archangel Monastery was founded in the city fortress.

In 1216, the famous Battle of Lipitsa took place near the city.

In 1238, 1382 and 1408 the city was devastated by the Mongol-Tatar invasion. In 1340 it became part of the great Moscow Principality.

During the unrest of the early 17th century, Yuryev-Polsky was burned by the Poles. From the middle of the 17th century, the economic growth of the city began, which was facilitated by its location on the Great Stromynskaya Road, which connected the Suzdal lands with Moscow.

In the 17th-18th centuries, the ensemble of the Archangel Michael Monastery was rebuilt, in which the gate Theological Church of 1670, located in the western part of the monastery fence, as well as the monumental hipped bell tower of the 17th century and the Znamenskaya Refectory Church stand out.

Since 1708 - as part of the Moscow province (county town since 1778), since 1796 - in the Vladimir province.

On July 11, 1919, government institutions of the city were looted by a gang of the staff captain of the tsarist army, Efim Skorodumov (Yushka).

In 1920, the Yuryev-Polsky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum was founded.

Until 2010, Yuryev-Polsky had the status of a historical settlement, however, by Order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2010 N 418/339, the city was deprived of this status.

Economy
Avangard weaving and finishing factory (produces terry fabrics, furniture and lightweight fabrics and products made from them)
Promsvyaz plant (produces electrical power equipment)
OJSC "Yuryev-Polsky Meat Processing Plant"
Distillery
OJSC "Yuryev-Polskiy Skimmed Milk Powder Plant"
Horse breeding (Vladimir heavy trucks) and meat and dairy farming are developed in the region.

The Northern Railway passes through the city.

Attractions
Yuryev-Polsky is part of the Golden Ring of Russia. The most famous architectural monuments of the city:

Michael the Archangel Monastery (XVII century) with a cathedral (1792)

Znamenskaya Church (1625)
St. George's Cathedral (1230-1234, reconstruction of the 15th century).
Remains of the ramparts of the Yuryev-Polsky Kremlin of the 12th century.
Church of the Nativity of Christ from the 18th century.
Temple of Nikita the Martyr of the 18th century.
Nearby, in the village of Sima (known since the 14th century) is the former estate of the Golitsyn princes; here in September 1812, the hero of the Patriotic War, General P. I. Bagration, died.

Monument to the founder of the city Yuri Dolgoruky

Michael the Archangel Monastery

Twin Cities
Flag of Moldova Hincesti
Flag of the Czech Republic Litomerice
Flag of Georgia Sagarejo

Yuryev-Polsky in cinema
In the spring of 1968, the first episode of the film “The Golden Calf” was filmed in Yuryev-Polsky.
The city also hosted the filming of the films “The Seventh Day” (2006, directed by Kakha Kikabidze), “Yuriev’s Day” (2008, directed by Kirill Serebrennikov) and the TV series “Russian Chocolate” (2010, directed by Daria Poltoratskaya)

GEORGE'S CATHEDRAL

St. George's Cathedral is a white-stone cathedral located on the territory of an ancient detinets in the city of Yuryev-Polsky, Vladimir region. Built in 1230-1234 by Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich.
Front chronicle collection (Vol. 5, P. 309): “In the summer of 6742, the blessed Prince Svyatoslav Vsevoldovich built the church in the city of Yuryev of the Holy Great Martyr George and decorated more than any other churches, because from inside around the entire church, wonderfully great saints were carved into stone, like exists and still stands to this day"
Traditionally it was believed that the cathedral was built on the foundation of the white stone Church of St. George, which was built in 1152 when the city was founded by Yuri Dolgoruky. Archaeological research in recent years has shown that the temple of 1152 was located in a different place (where exactly is still unknown). Apparently, the original church differed little in type from the Vladimir church of the same name in the courtyard of Dolgoruky, Boris and Gleb in Kideksha near Suzdal, and the Church of the Savior in Pereslavl-Zalessky.
In 1230, Vsevolod's son III Big Svyatoslav’s nest, the church, which had “dilapidated and broken,” was dismantled. In its place, four years later, a “wonderful church was built, velmily decorated with carved stone from the base to the top.” According to the Tver Chronicle, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich “was a master himself,” that is, he acted as an architect and led a construction team. Modern researchers adhere to the same point of view.
No earlier than 1252 and no later than the end of the 14th century, the Trinity chapel was added to the north-eastern corner of the temple, where the burial of Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich was moved.
In 1326-1327, the Assumption Cathedral was built in Moscow, following the model of St. George's Cathedral, which became the first stone church in Moscow.
In the 15th century, a significant part of the building collapsed. In 1471, by the efforts of Vasily Ermolin, the cathedral was restored, but lost its original proportions and became much more squat.
After restoration in 1471, the following from the cathedral of 1230-1234 were preserved: from the west - the first tier of the vestibule and the northern half of the wall to the top of the arched-columnar belt; from the east - the base of the apses; from the south - the vestibule and adjacent walls (closer to the corners they have survived only up to the base); from the north - the vestibule and the most significant part of the walls of the cathedral (an arcature-columnar belt has survived on the central and western sides).
The building restored by Ermolin was repeatedly subjected to new changes and additions. In 1781, a four-tier bell tower was added to the temple, in 1817 the Trinity Limit was expanded, which turned into a full-fledged temple, in 1827 with south side a sacristy was added. The ancient temple was literally drowned in later additions. The sad state of the ancient monument of church architecture attracted the attention of specialists in the culture of Ancient Rus'. In particular, Nikodim Kondakov wrote about this with contrition. For the first time, Archpriest Alexander Znamensky, who was the rector of the temple from 1889 to 1917, proposed to free the ancient temple from the extensions of the 18th-19th centuries. Instead of the hypertrophied Trinity chapel, a new Trinity Cathedral was built nearby (consecrated in 1915), but the dismantling of the extensions did not begin until the October Revolution of 1917.

In 1923 the temple was closed. In 1923-1936, the bell tower, sacristy and warm chapel were dismantled during restoration work, led by Pyotr Baranovsky and Igor Grabar. Subsequent restorations of the cathedral were carried out in 1957-1960 and 1980s.

George Wagner completely or partially reconstructed the compositions: “Trinity”, “Crucifixion”, “Seven Sleeping Youths of Ephesus”, “Daniel in the Lion’s Den”, “Three Youths in the Fiery Cave”, “Ascension of Alexander the Great”.

BATTLE OF LIPITSKAYA
The Battle of Lipitsa is a battle between the younger sons of Vsevolod the Big Nest and the Murom people, on the one hand, and the united army from the Smolensk and Novgorod lands, which supported the claims of the elder Vsevolodovich Konstantin to the Vladimir throne and led by Mstislav Mstislavich Udatny, on the other. The Smolensk-Novgorod coalition won, thus deciding the fate of the Vladimir inheritance in favor of Constantine. One of the most brutal and bloody internecine battles in Russian history. Occurred in 1216 near Yuryev-Polsky near the Gza River.

In 1215, Mstislav Udatny left Novgorod to the south, and the Novgorodians called Yaroslav Vsevolodovich from Pereyaslavl-Zalessky to reign. During his conflict with the Novgorodians, he captured Torzhok, blocked the supply of food to Novgorod from the “lower lands”, which, given the crop failure, led to the death of many Novgorodians from starvation. He took the Novgorod ambassadors prisoner. Under these conditions, the Novgorodians resorted to the help of Mstislav Udatny, supported by Vladimir Rurikovich of Smolensk and Vladimir Mstislavich of Pskov. Mstislav Romanovich of Kiev sent his son Vsevolod. The Allies invaded the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality along the Tver-Ksnyatin-Pereslavl-Zalessky route.

The allies were also favored by the fact that in the principality there was a struggle for the inheritance of Vsevolod the Big Nest. His eldest son Konstantin did not receive a great reign from his father for the reason that he wanted to concentrate both main cities in his hands: the old capital Rostov and the new one - Vladimir, and offered Suzdal to the next in order Vsevolodovich, Yuri. Konstantin reigned in Rostov, Yuri - in Vladimir and Suzdal.

Yuri and his younger brothers sided with Yaroslav, he retreated from Torzhok to them. On April 9, Konstantin joined the Smolensk princes at the Settlement on Sarah, between Rostov and Pereyaslavl, from where they moved together to meet the younger Vsevolodovichs, who set out from Vladimir with Murom help. The Vsevolodovichs also set themselves not only defensive goals, as evidenced by the words of Yuri: “For me, brother, the land of Vladimir and Rostov, for you - Novgorod, Smolensk - to our brother Svyatoslav, give Kiev to the Chernigov princes, and Galich - to us.” Thus, the defeat of the coalition of the Smolensk princes, Novgorodians and Constantine could lead to a new large-scale redistribution of Russian lands. The fact that the clash was not a local event is indirectly indicated by the episode with the reign of Vladimir Vsevolodovich in Pereyaslavl. In 1213, he was sent there by his older brothers; in 1215, in a battle with the Polovtsians (allies of Mstislav of Galicia), he was captured, from which he was freed only in 1218.

monument to Yuri Dolgoruky

Before the battle, Konstantin positioned himself on the Lipitsa River, his allies near Yuryev, and the Suzdal forces on the Gze River, which flows from the north into Koloksha near Yuryev.

After the failure of peace negotiations, the battle was supposed to begin at Lipitsa, but the Suzdal residents retreated to Avdova Gora, thus hiding behind a ravine from the opponents located on Yuryeva Gora. Mstislav suggested that the Suzdal people either let him go to Avdova Mountain, or they themselves should go to Yuryev Mountain, for which he was ready to retreat back to Lipitsy, but they refused, trying to take advantage of the advantages of the defending side.

The battle took place on April 21. The formation of both sides was divided only along the front and consisted of three regiments. Yuri stood in the center against Mstislav, Vladimir of Pskov and Vsevolod, Yaroslav with supporters from Novgorod and Novotorzh - on the right flank against Vladimir of Smolensk, the younger Vsevolodovichs - on the left against Konstantin.

The Smolensk and Novgorodians attacked the enemy on foot through a ravine, and the Smolyans cut down Yaroslav's banner. Then the main forces struck through the pawns, Mstislav drove through the enemy regiments three times with an ax secured to his hand with a belt loop.

According to the chronicle, the squads of Yuri, Yaroslav and the younger Vsevolodovichs lost 9,233 people killed alone.

Yuri and Yaroslav, fleeing death and captivity, fled to Vladimir and Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, respectively, traveling about 60 km each, with the first driving three horses, and the second four. It helps to get an idea of ​​the danger that threatened them that Yuri galloped to Vladimir in his underwear, despite the time of year (end of April).

The flight of Grand Duke George (Yuri) Vsevolodovich after the Battle of Lipitsa. Lithograph based on drawings by B. A. Chorikov. 1836
As a result of the Battle of Lipitsa, Yuri had to cede the Vladimir throne to his older brother Konstantin, and himself agree to the Gorodets inheritance. With this victory, the Smolensk princes got rid of their rivals, in particular Yaroslav Vsevolodovich, in the fight for Novgorod, but not for long. Already in 1217, Constantine gave Yuri Suzdal and guaranteed him a great reign after his death in exchange for an extensive Rostov inheritance for his sons, who were supposed to recognize Yuri instead of their father. Thus, the Battle of Lipitsa put an end to civil strife and the beginning of a new rise of the Vladimir Principality: already in 1219 it restored its influence in Ryazan, in 1221 - in Novgorod, replacing the Smolensk princes in active actions in the Baltic states against the Order of the Swordsmen, and achieved conditions from the Volga Bulgarians the world “as before, as it was under Yuri’s father and uncle” (S. M. Solovyov).

According to Doctor of Historical Sciences I. Ya. Froyanov, “the victory in the Battle of Lipetsk is the most important milestone in Novgorod history. It was a turning point in the relations of Novgorod with the princes of the Vladimir-Suzdal land. More than half a century of their onslaught was stopped. In a long and stubborn struggle, the Novgorodians defended the right of “freedom in the princes,” acquired by them as a result of the events of 1136, which ended the rule of Kyiv over Novgorod, and repelled attempts to transform the Novgorod reign into viceroyalty. All this was consolidated by the placement of Constantine on the Vladimir grand-ducal table... All this affected the evolution of the princely power itself in Novgorod itself: more favorable conditions developed for the unification of the local government organization with princely power, which took shape as one of the institutions of supreme power of the Novgorod Republic. Thanks to the Lipitsa victory, Novgorod not only defended its independence, but retained its position as the main city in the volost, while defending its territorial integrity.”

Helmet of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich
In the summer of 1808, the peasant woman Larionova, “while in the bushes to pluck nuts, saw something glowing in a hummock near a walnut bush.” This “something” turned out to be an ancient gilded helmet, under which lay a rolled-up coat of chain mail. The provincial authorities took urgent measures, and the find was transferred to St. Petersburg, to the President of the Academy of Arts A. N. Olenin.

The helmet found by Larionova is displayed in a display case of ancient military armor in the Armory Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin. In addition, its copy adorns the head of Alexander Nevsky - Cherkasov in Eisenstein's film. And although Alexander Nevsky was born already when the helmet was lying on the bank of Koloksha, the famous commander still has rights to it: after all, he was the son of the owner of this helmet, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich.

Warriors and epic characters
According to surviving chronicles, the battle was attended by the heroes Alexander Popovich, Dobrynya Zolotoy Belt (aka Timonya Rezanich) and Nefediy Dikun, as well as Yuryata and Ratibor, who fell at the hands of Popovich. The Nikon Chronicle also names certain “Iev Popovich and his servant Nestor, great brave men,” mourned by Mstislav Udatny. “This gave grounds to assert that Alexander Popovich had a heroic brother, Job or Ivan. However, there is clearly a distortion of the original text of the earlier Novgorod Chronicle, where “Ivanka Popovitsa” was also mentioned among the dead Novgorodians.”

Ascension Church

GOLITSYNH ESTATE
Golitsyn estate in Yuryev-Polsky
Once in Yuryev-Polsky, do not forget to visit the famous Golitsyn estate. The estate is not located in the city itself, but about 20 kilometers from it, in the village of Sima. The journey will take a little time, especially since you will have to drive on a straight and well-paved road.
In the Golitsyn estate after the Battle of Borodino, their last days conducted by General Pyotr Bagration.
But let's return to the history of the Golitsyn estate. The mansion was built here at the beginning of the 18th century, after the village, with the light hand of Emperor Peter I, was presented as a gift to the prince and commander in one person - Mikhail Golitsyn. In addition to the spacious two-story house with a balcony and outbuildings, a large beautiful park and an equally picturesque pond were laid out around the estate. Today, more than two centuries later, the Golitsyn estate in Yuryev-Polsky, of course, looks “old.” Little has been preserved of the former beauty and grandeur of the princely mansion; nevertheless, tourists will find it interesting here.
Firstly, the Golitsyn estate is famous not only for its owners. The notorious general Pyotr Bagration spent his last days here. The commander came to Sima on leave after the Battle of Borodino, but the wounds he received turned out to be so serious that the prince soon died. Bagration was buried at the local church. Now a monument has been erected on this site in his honor.
In addition, at the Golitsyn estate, tourists can visit a museum where the orders and weapons of the talented commander are displayed.

The museum is open every day, except Monday and Tuesday, from 10.00 to 17.00 (on Sunday - until 15.00).

The exhibition dedicated to the military leader occupies one hall of the mansion; the remaining rooms are given over to the activities of the folk art center and the village library. This is how an architectural monument of federal significance - the Golitsyn estate - now serves for the benefit of art and education.

Finally, after a tour of the Golitsyn estate, you can visit the local operating temple - the Church of Dmitry of Thessalonica.

MICHAYLO-ARKHANGELSKY MONASTERY
The Archangel Michael Monastery, one might say, is the same age as the other main monastery of Yuryev-Polsky - St. George's Cathedral, also built in the 13th century. But unlike its “brother,” the monastery faced many trials. Michael the Archangel Monastery, as historians write, was destroyed four times. The first time it suffered at the hands of Batu Khan himself, in the 14th century the monastery was attacked by Tokhtamysh, in the next century it was destroyed by the Golden Horde Khan Edigei, and the monastery also suffered a lot during the Time of Troubles.

Cathedral of St. Michael the Archangel

Along with the Archangel Michael Monastery, within the walls of the Kremlin there are the Znamenskaya Refectory Church, Gate Church John the Evangelist and St. George's Church.
Despite this, today the Archangel Michael Monastery is in good condition and receives tourists all year round. The monastery is easy to find in the city; it stands on the territory of the former Kremlin. Since the Archangel Michael Monastery is active, services are held here, but there are no restrictions for tourists to visit (except for the operating hours of the museum complex).

Territory of the Archangel Michael Monastery
Along with the Archangel Michael Monastery, within the walls of the Kremlin there are the Znamenskaya Refectory Church, the Gate Church of St. John the Theologian and the St. George Church. You can visit these monasteries every day, except Tuesday, from 9.00 to 17.00. The ticket office for purchasing entrance tickets (there is a small fee for them) is open until 16.00. On Friday, entry for tourists to the monastery territory is organized from 9.00 to 16.00.

St. George's Church and the Chapel above

Once here, don’t miss the moment and visit an interesting exhibition of carved frames by Yuryev-Polsky masters. The exhibits are usually displayed directly on inside Kremlin walls.

In the summer, if time permits, take a final look at the apothecary garden of the St. Michael the Archangel Monastery. Of course, you shouldn’t pick flowers and plants, but admiring them and taking some beautiful pictures will be just right!

NIKITS CHURCH

The Church of Nikita the Martyr, or simply Nikitsky Church in Yuryev-Polsky was built at the end of the 18th century. Today the temple is not inferior in beauty, perhaps, to any Orthodox landmark in the city. Made in the style of classicism, the Nikitsky Church has an elegant structure, framed on several sides by snow-white columns.

You can get to the Nikitskaya Church from the central square by driving along Krasnooktyabrskaya Street.
Despite its modest size, the so-called drum with elongated windows rises above the temple, and a light blue dome rises above it. Nikitsky Church in Yuryev-Polsky is beautiful at any time of the year, and therefore it is visited along with St. George's Cathedral and St. Michael the Archangel Monastery - the main attractions of the city. If we return to history, during the Great Patriotic War the Nikita Church, like many Orthodox shrines, experienced difficult times.

So, in 1941, the temple was closed, and a repair shop, simply put, a car service station, was placed inside it.

In the early 90s, the revival of the Nikitsky Church began, and today it is a real decoration of Yuryev-Polsky. You can get to the Nikitskaya Church from the central square by driving along Krasnooktyabrskaya Street.

Address: Yuryev-Polsky, st. Embankment.

CHURCH OF THE NATIVITY OF CHRIST

There are many Orthodox attractions in Yuryev-Polsky, but the Church of the Nativity of Christ deserves special attention. The white stone temple with six domes was built in the 18th century. As written in historical documents, the church was built on the site of a former wooden church and consecrated in honor of the brothers Saints Cosmas and Damian.

Next to the Church of the Nativity of Christ there is another Orthodox site - Boris and Gleb Church.
The Church of the Nativity, since it was not heated, was called summer or cold. The temple in Yuryev-Polsky served for the benefit of believers until the beginning of the 20th century, but in the 30s it was closed and printing presses and equipment for a dairy plant were placed in it. Later, the decoration of the Church of the Nativity of Christ was completely plundered.

Today the temple has been restored and is open to the faithful during services. Tourists can also freely explore the Church of the Nativity.

Next to the Church of the Nativity of Christ there is another Orthodox site - Boris and Gleb Church. But, unfortunately, it is badly damaged and closed to visitors. Restoration of the shrine began not long ago, so perhaps the temple will soon live a new life.

Address: Yuryev-Polsky, Avangardsky lane, building 6.

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SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTO:
Team Nomads
Official website of the municipal administration of Yuryev-Polsky district
Article by Nikolai Chuksin “Yuryev-Polskaya and the surrounding area”
Voronin N. N. Vladimir. Bogolyubovo. Suzdal. Yuryev-Polskoy: A companion book to the ancient cities of the Vladimir land. 5th ed. - M.: Art, 1983. - (Architectural and artistic monuments of cities of the USSR).
http://boris-mavlyutov.livejournal.com/83411.html
Nevolin P.I. Yuriev, district town of Vladimir province // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
Monuments of history and culture of the Vladimir region: Catalog / Compiled by: V. A. Kostkin and others. State. center for registration, use and restoration of historical and cultural monuments of the Vladimir region. - Vladimir: Publishing house "Pokrova", 1996. - 520, p. — 5,000 copies. — ISBN 5-87393-004-X..
G. P. Smolitskaya. Toponymic dictionary Central Russia. // Russian speech, No. 2, 1996
M. V. Gorbanevsky, V. Yu. Dukelsky. Through the cities and villages of the “Golden Ring” - M.: Mysl, 1983
Vladimir province. List of populated places according to information from 1859.
Voronin N.N. Vladimir, Bogolyubovo, Suzdal, Yuryev-Polskoy. A companion book to the ancient cities of the Vladimir land. - M.: Art, 1974. (Architectural and artistic monuments of cities of the USSR).
Vladimir Encyclopedia: biobibliographic dictionary / Administration of the Vladimir Region, Vladimir Cultural Foundation. - Vladimir, 2002. - 524 p.
Official website of the municipal administration of the Vladimir region

The city of Yuryev-Polskaya was founded on the Koloksha River and the Gze River flowing into it in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. The city received its name in honor of the prince and his heavenly patron - St. Georgy (Egoriya, Yuriy). To distinguish the new city from the old Yuriev in the Dnieper region, it received the prefix “Polish”, that is, standing in the fields - in Opole. The city was surrounded by earthen ramparts with wooden walls. At the same time, the white-stone St. George Church was founded in the center of the new princely fortress city. In the XII-XIII centuries, the role of Yuryev-Polsky was insignificant. Not far from the city in 1177, a battle took place between the Vladimir people and the Rostov people, which ended in the victory of the Vladimir prince Vsevolod III Yuryevich (Big Nest). The second major battle - the Battle of Lipitsa - took place in 1216; this time the Rostov troops won.

Table of contents:

• Historical reference

  In 1212, Yuryev became the center of a small appanage principality, ruled by the son of Vsevolod III Svyatoslav (1196-1252), who during his life also ruled in Novgorod, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Suzdal, and Vladimir. Svyatoslav, the ancestor of the Yuriev princes, was born in Vladimir on March 27, 1196. He was the penultimate son of the most powerful ruler of Rus' at that time, Grand Duke Vladimir Vsevolod “The Big Nest”, who strengthened and strengthened North-Eastern Rus', decorating it with many holy temples and monasteries. In holy baptism, the baby Svyatoslav was named Gabriel - in honor of one of the supreme heavenly archangels - Archangel Gabriel. His mother, the blessed Princess Maria, monastically Martha, was the daughter of Schwarn, Prince of Bohemia, and raised her son in piety, teaching him to live a virtuous life, in which she herself excelled. Before her death, she blessed her sons to live in love for God and people, to be sober, friendly and especially respect the elders. The nephew of the holy prince Svyatoslav was the holy noble prince Alexander Nevsky, who devoted his whole life to defending the Fatherland from foreigners and preserving the Orthodox faith. The wife of Prince Svyatoslav was Princess Evdokia of Murom, the daughter of Prince Peter of Murom and Princess Fevronia, the holy Wonderworkers of Murom. Svyatoslav and Evdokia had two children: a son, Dmitry, who was revered as a saint according to the ancient calendar, and a daughter, Boleslav. At the request of the pious wife, Prince Svyatoslav released her in 1128 to the Murom Boris and Gleb Monastery, where she was tonsured a monk. The princess lived in the monastery until her death and was buried there. Her honest remains are there to this day.

  Reign of Svyatoslav

  As a four-year-old child, Prince Svyatoslav was appointed to reign in Novgorod, then was replaced by his older brother Konstantin in 1206 and again returned to Novgorod in 1208. In 1212, after the death of his father, Svyatoslav received the city of Yuryev-Polsky as an inheritance.

  In 1220, Svyatoslav, at the head of the Vladimir army, was sent by his elder brother Yuri against the Volga Bulgarians. The expedition ended with the victory of Russian troops at Ochelle. In 1222, Svyatoslav, at the head of the Vladimir army, was sent by Yuri to help the Novgorodians and their prince Vsevolod, Yuri's son. A 12,000-strong Russian army, in alliance with the Lithuanians, invaded the territory of the order and ravaged the outskirts of Wenden. In 1226, Svyatoslav, together with his younger brother Ivan, at the head of the Vladimir army, was sent by Yuri against the Mordovians and won. In 1229, Svyatoslav was sent by Yuri to Pereyaslavl-Yuzhny. In 1234, in Yuryev-Polsky, on the site of the ancient cathedral of 1152, founded by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, Prince Svyatoslav recreated the new St. George Cathedral. The first cathedral stood for less than a hundred years, and, judging by the chronicles, it was destroyed during an earthquake: “On May of the third day the earth shook and the churches were torn apart.” That same year, the prince ordered to dismantle the rubble and begin construction of a new cathedral. The cathedral turned out to be of extraordinary beauty, the construction process was supervised by the prince himself, as it is written in the chronicle: “I marvelously, I decorated the saints’ faces and holidays with carved stone from the base to the top, and he himself was a master.” In 1238, Prince Svyatoslav took part in the Battle of the City. From his brother Yaroslav, who took the Vladimir throne, he received the Suzdal principality as an inheritance.

  In 1246, Yaroslav died, and Svyatoslav took the grand-ducal throne according to the old right of inheritance. He distributed the principality to his nephews, the seven sons of Yaroslav, but the Yaroslavichs were dissatisfied with this distribution. In 1248 he was expelled by his nephew Mikhail Yaroslavich, who soon died in a battle with the Lithuanians on the Protva River. Then Svyatoslav himself defeated the Lithuanians at Zubtsov. The reign of Vladimir, by the will of Yaroslav and by the will of Khan Guyuk, went to Andrei Yaroslavich. After a short great reign in Vladimir, Prince Svyatoslav returned to Yuryev-Polsky. Here he founded a male princely monastery in honor of Archangel Michael. The holy noble prince Svyatoslav died in the city of Yuryev-Polsky on February 3, 1253, and was buried in St. George's Cathedral.

  Brief history of the city of Yuryev-Polsky

  The Mongol invasion greatly devastated the city. It was destroyed three times in 1238, 1382 and 1408. Later, the city became the patrimony of the great Moscow princes, and by their will it was transferred to some vassal princes and khans “for feeding.” It is known that in the 15th century it was the patrimony of the Lithuanian prince Svidrigailo, in the 16th century - the Kazan Khan Abdul-Letif, and after him - the Astrakhan prince Kaibula. During the Time of Troubles in 1609, the city was taken by Polish-Lithuanian troops, and False Dmitry II also intended to give it “to feed” to the Kasimov prince Magomed Murat; the Yuryevites, led by Fyodor the Red, rebelled. After the Polish-Lithuanian devastation, Yuryev-Polskoy began to live the life of a quiet provincial town. Since 1708, it became part of the Moscow province. The status of a city was officially assigned to it during the reign of Empress Catherine II - in 1778; then it became the center of the Vladimir governorate district.

  Michael the Archangel Monastery

  Michael the Archangel Monastery is the city-forming center of the ancient city, around which, inside an earthen rampart, the old settlement was built. In fact, the monastery became a Kremlin for the city inside an earthen rampart, serving as the main defensive line. Michael the Archangel Monastery was founded by Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich in the 13th century. It is known that in 1238, Batu’s troops, during the capture of Yuryev-Polsky, destroyed the monastery, and for almost two centuries it stood in desolation. The Lithuanians also destroyed the monastery; then the entire archive was lost, and the abbot of the monastery had to submit a petition to Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich so that the Tsar would confirm the privileges granted to the monastery by the previous sovereigns. The monastery had many gifts from Prince D.M. Pozharsky, who had a patrimony not far from Yuryev - the village of Luchinskoye. The cathedral church in the name of Archangel Michael was destroyed in 1408 during the next capture of the city, this time by Edigei, and was soon rebuilt.

  In 1535 it was written in the chronicle: “The wooden church of the Archangel Michael with the chapel of the Prophet Elijah, rebuilt at the expense of Grand Duke Vasily Ioannovich.” In 1560, the first stone church was built; Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Kubensky donated funds for its construction. In 1636, the temple was surrounded on three sides by porches, and at the end of the 18th century, the dilapidated building was dismantled. The construction of the new cathedral was carried out at the expense of city residents; work began in 1792 and ended in 1806. The interior decoration of the temple continued for about two more years, and in 1808, Bishop Xenophon (Troepolsky), who arrived specially from Vladimir, consecrated the new cathedral at the St. Michael the Archangel Monastery in Yuryev-Polsky. The cathedral kept the image of the Archangel Michael, which in 1812 the abbot of the monastery Nikon gave with him to the 5th regiment of the Vladimir militia. The icon went through the entire war and returned to the monastery in 1814.

  Many abbots of the monastery were buried in the Archangel Michael Cathedral, including the tomb of the son of the monastery founder, schemamonk Prince Dmitry Svyatoslavich, who died in 1269. Two ancient monastery icons, considered miraculous, have been preserved in the temple to this day. Refectory Church Icons Mother of God“The Sign” was built in the Archangel Michael Monastery in 1625. This is a simple low temple with a spacious refectory. It is connected from the west with the cellar, or sacristy chamber and cellars. This large complex is connected by a passage with the stone archimandrite and fraternal buildings, which were built in 1763. The Gate Church of St. John the Evangelist was built in 1670. The Holy Gate, on which the church itself stands, was built a little earlier, in 1654. A separate bell tower standing next to the cathedral was built in 1685-1688. In the 16th century, the monastery’s fence was rebuilt in stone, and in subsequent centuries it was only renewed. The walls and towers of the fence were rebuilt in the 17th-18th centuries. The oldest wall of the monastery, the western one, dating back to 1535, has been preserved.

  IN historical information According to the history of one of the oldest cities in Rus', Yuriev-Polsky, it is clear that the city was founded in 1152 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. When carefully studying the history of Ancient Rus', one pattern always catches the eye - almost all Russian cities were founded in the 12th-13th centuries AD! However, this is not the time of their founding, but first chronicle mentions. The reason for such records had a purely practical side - taking into account cities and villages when dividing princely inheritances or accepting inheritance after the death of one of the princes’ relatives.

  To clarify the issue of dating the time of foundation majority ancient Russian cities, it is enough to give two examples. During construction work in different places in Moscow, archaeological finds from the 7th century BC are being discovered everywhere. During restoration work carried out on the territory of the Moscow Danilov Monastery in 1982-1988, which was located in the far outskirts of ancient Moscow, a settlement of this ancient era. Another example. Currently, intensive restoration is underway at the New Jerusalem Monastery, which is located in Istra, near Moscow. When preparing a pit for the construction of the foundation of the monastery's bell tower (during World War II, the bell tower was blown up by the Germans), an ancient settlement dating back to the 7th century BC was uncovered. Household items and weapons that belonged to the ancestors of the Slavs - the Scythians - were discovered. Similar objects were discovered during excavations in the city of Moscow and other ancient cities of Rus'. All items belong to a single Proto-Slavic culture. This is also confirmed by the discovered geoglyphs and dendroglyphs on the territory of the Kremlin (monastery) and the adjacent lands around Yuryev-Polsky.

  Fig.1a. Mask of Yar Rod

  

  Rice. 1b. Mask of Yar Rod - reading the inscriptions

  On the southern side of the city there is a field on which there is a rare half-length image of Rod the Adorant, which in its artistic design is very similar to the traditional canonical icon painting type of letter in the “medallion”. This type is very often used in paintings Orthodox churches. Rod's face is turned towards his left shoulder, his hands are raised in prayer to Heaven, and the cult precious hryvnia is visible on his neck. On the chest there is an inscription: YAR, and on the sleeves there is a signature: ROD. In the upper field above the medallion the inscription is repeated twice: MASK. Below on the right it is written in large letters: “RS” - Rus' - “RS”. On the left is the inscription: TEMPLE OF YAR RODA and immediately visible is the MIM-PRIEST dressed in a toga, wearing a crown on his head, and his face is covered with a ritual mask. To the right of the overall composition, on the ledge of the bank, a large inscription is visible: YAR ROD.

  

  Rice. 2a. Rod Rus

  

  Fig.2b. Rod Rus - reading inscriptions

  Photos No. 2 a and 2 b show the same field only from west to east. Here, to the left of the center of the field, you can see the ROD standing on the podium and around it the dedicatory inscriptions: AS, YAR, ROD. Also visible is the inscription found here for the first time, dedicated to the goddess MAKASHI. There are many inscriptions dedicated to the people glorifying their gods: ROD AREA, OUR KIND Rus', “RS” - Rus'.

  

  Rice. 3a. Yuriev-Polsky head of the Leo family

  

  Rice. 3b. Yuryev-Polsky head of the Leo family - reading the inscriptions

  In photo No. 3 a and 3 b - Old city. On the right you can see the Archangel Michael Monastery and the dedicatory inscriptions preserved on its land: PEACE OF THE ROD. On the left is the cathedral square, on the eastern side there is a very well-preserved zoomorphic face of the god ROD in the form of a LION, under the image there is a corresponding caption: YAR ROD FACE, next to it is Rus'. Behind the altar of the cathedral church there is a large inscription: ARIES. Many inscriptions on YARU and ROD indicate that the city of Yuryev-Polskaya was, from ancient times, a sanctuary of the two main Vedic gods - ROD AND YAR. The ancient sanctuary was built of wood and therefore could not have been preserved in any way, but the earthen rampart that has survived to this day (extremely low in height, less than 2 m) shows that the circular structure and rampart from ancient times had not a defensive meaning, but a ritual and sacred one. The temple city is a traditional ancient Russian Vedic sanctuary, inside which prayers and sacrifices took place, the towers served as temples of the god Rod.

  Many temple cities were built according to this type, not only in Rus', but also in all the lands where the Proto-Slavs lived, starting from Corsica (Nuraghi culture) to the miraculously preserved city of Izborsk.

  

  Fig.4a. Yuriev-Polsky Yar Rod

  

  Rice. 4b. Yuryev-Polsky Yar Rod - reading inscriptions

  Photos No. 4 a and 4 b are the same photo, only turned from east to west. On the slope of the earthen rampart there is an inscription, from left to right: ARIES YAR ROD, then there is a repetition and it ends with the glorification of the god Rod: THE WORLD OF ROD. In the upper circle one can see the zoomorphic face of the god ROD in the form of a LION with his paws raised up. Below in big circle inscription: YAR ROD, which is repeated many times, on the right in a small circle there is an inscription made diagonally: AREEA.

  

  Rice. 5a. Monastery walls

  

  Fig.5b. Inscriptions on the walls of the monastery - reading

  If you carefully examine the walls and towers of Yuryev-Polsky, you will find many dedicatory inscriptions to the Vedic gods! This phenomenal phenomenon in our folk history and culture is quite understandable. The fact of dual faith in Rus' continued to exist for 1700 years: from the preaching and baptism of the Slavic Russians by Apostle Andrew until the reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov. Proof of this immutable fact are all the temples and monasteries that have survived to this day, built before the reign of the Romanov dynasty.

  
  

  Fig.6a.Altar apse

  
  

  Fig.6b. Inscriptions on the Altar Apse

  On the altar apse of St. George's Cathedral, along the lower belt, inscriptions are visible, from left to right: YAR, YAR, YAR, TEMPLE OF THE ROD.

  

  Fig.7a. Another Altar Apse

  

  Fig.7b. Inscriptions on the Altar Apse

  The photo shows the western wall of the Archangel Michael Monastery in the city of Yuryev-Polsky. In the foreground you can see a corner tower, on which there are inscriptions: YAR ROD TEMPLE, next to it are three “Rod wheels”. Along the lower part of the fortress wall, under the loopholes, you can see a large inscription “in a line”: MIR YAR MIR, and on the next tower - YAR ROD.

  conclusions

  1. The city of Yuryev-Polskaya is one of the oldest sanctuaries in Rus' dedicated to the Russian Vedic gods Rod and Yar. Judging by the layout of Detinets, the city is a giant wheel, the inner part of which is divided crosswise into four equal parts. The oldest wooden walls of the city formed a Vedic fortress-temple. During the Christianization of Rus', ancient Russian builders did not violate this layout. Nowadays the city is also divided into four parts: St. Michael the Archangel Monastery, Cathedral Square with two cathedral churches, two suburbs located on the southwestern and northwestern sides. The earthen rampart surrounding the ancient city was never of a defensive nature, but served as a circular earthen frame for the ancient sanctuary.

  2. Based on the well-preserved architectural ensemble of the Archangel Michael Monastery of the 14th-16th centuries, as well as the St. George Cathedral of the 12th century, we can state the fact of a continuous Vedic tradition on Russian soil since prehistoric times, that is, the Paleolithic (the cult of Rod, Mokosh, Yar and Mary dates back to the Paleolithic), until the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich Romanov. Judging by the ubiquitous Vedic inscriptions on the walls, towers and temples of the city of Yuryev-Polsky, the religious Vedic folk tradition existed here until XVII V.

The name of the city Yuryev-Polsky (or Yuryev-Polskaya) speaks of its founder and location. The city was named in honor of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, as confirmed by the Nikon Chronicle in 1152: “Grand Duke Yuri of Suzhdal created many churches and founded the city of Yuriev in his name, called Polish.” Cities in Rus' were usually built on a high, steep bank at the confluence of two rivers, which served as an additional defensive fortification when enemies attacked the city. The city of Yuryev was founded on a plain, in a field, although at the confluence of the Koloksha and Gza rivers. To distinguish it from another city of Yuryev (Yuryev-Derpt-Tartu), founded by Yaroslav the Wise and named after the name of the founder (given to him at baptism), the new Yuryev received the prefix Polsky due to the treelessness and large fields surrounding the city.

Yuriev-Polsky was built during the active construction of new fortified fortified cities to repel raids of nomads and became the stronghold center of Opole. There were no steep banks or deep ravines around the city. The only natural defense of the city was the swamp, and Yuryev was protected from enemies by fortress walls. Yuryevskaya fortress had round shape, was surrounded by a high rampart (up to seven meters high) and wooden walls. The shaft and walls opened three times, forming gates to three roads: to Vladimir, Pereyaslavl-Zalessky and Moscow. Behind the fortress there was a settlement, the inhabitants of which took refuge behind the fortress walls in the event of an enemy attack.

Yuryev-Polsky was part of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. The short-lived prosperity of the city is associated with the name of Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, who became the appanage prince of Yuryev in 1212. During the princely strife, the field near the city several times became the site of bloody battles. The most brutal was the battle on the Lipitsa River, in which the Vsevolodovich brothers fought to the death. The chronicle says about her: “Not 10 were killed, not 100, but thousands by thousands, and many were drowned, fleeing in the river, and some were wounded, they came in and died, and the living ones ran to Volodimer, and some to Pereyaslavl, and some to Yuryev.” Prince Svyatoslav took part in this battle on the side of the Vladimir prince Yuri. Victory in the battle went to their opponents. During the reign of Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, the tragic year 1238 also occurred. There is information in the chronicles that Yuryev’s squad fought with the Tatars on the City River, and many warriors fell on the battlefield. In the same year, Yuryev was destroyed by the Tatars and imposed tribute.

During the reign of Ivan Kalita, Yuryev became part of the Moscow Principality, and in 1380 the Yuryevites bravely fought on the Kulikovo field under the banner of Prince Dmitry Donskoy. Yuryev Polsky was often subjected to devastating raids by the Horde. The Novgorod Chronicle preserved information about the raid on the Russian lands by the army of Khan Tokhtamysh in 1382: “The Tatar king Tokhtamysh came in great strength to the Russian land, much wasteland of the Russian lands: he took the city of Moscow and then Pereyaslavl, Kolomny, Volodymer and Yuryev.” In 1408, during the next invasion of the Golden Horde led by Edigei, the city was burned again, and many of its inhabitants were taken into captivity. From this time on, Yuryev-Polsky lost its significance as a strategic fortress and trading city. He is often given “to feed” to foreigners serving the Moscow princes. Yuriev-Polsky was owned by the Lithuanian prince Svidrigailo Olgerdovich, the Kazan Khan Abdul-Letif, and the Astrakhan prince Kaibula.

The Polish-Lithuanian invaders brought a lot of troubles to the city. Yuriev-polsky was taken by troops of False Dmitry II, who gave it to the Kasimov prince Mohammed Murat. In 1609, the townspeople, who did not want to endure humiliation, raised an uprising, led by the centurion Fyodor the Red, and liberated their city from their enemies with arms in hand. In 1612, in the ranks of the militia of Minin and Pozharsky, the military men of Yuryev-Polsky liberated Moscow from enemies.

From the middle of the 17th century, a commercial and industrial boom began in the city. The development of the city and the growth of trade were facilitated by its position on the Great Stromynskaya Road, which connected the Suzdal lands with Moscow. Trade was carried out mainly in grain and flax. Among the craft items, linen and yuft were brought to the capital.

In 1708, Yuryev became part of the Moscow province, and since 1778 it became a district town of the Vladimir governorship (since 1796 - a province). The manufacturing production of yarn and fabrics is developing in the city, and by the end of the 18th century the first industrial enterprises, textile and paper weaving, appeared here.

During the Patriotic War of 1812, Yuryev received thousands of wounded and gave shelter to no less a number of refugees. One and a half thousand militiamen, who made up half of the 5th regiment of the Vladimir militia, left the city to defend the Fatherland. The regiment was headed by Lieutenant General Prince Golitsyn, a representative of the nobility of Yuryevsky district. The merits of the Yuryev militia were noted by Emperor Alexander I, who in February 1813, in a letter to Prince Golitsyn, expressed “special favor and gratitude” to them.

In the 19th century, Yuriev-Polsky, as before, retained considerable trade importance. Even during the time of Peter the Great and his successors, the intensification of trade in Russian cities forced the authorities to pay special attention to shopping areas and guest yards in urban planning plans. A new Gostiny Dvor also appeared in Yuryev-Polsky, where each type of goods had its own shopping row. On market days, the city's trading area was filled with tents, marquees, trays and carts of peasants bringing their goods here. The role of the city as an industrial center of the Vladimir province especially increased in the second half of the 19th century, when the railway passed through it.

But Yuryev-Polsky did not become a city with developed industry. By the beginning of the 20th century, several paper-weaving factories and a workshop for agricultural implements operated here. But trade flourished. The Gostiny Dvor became cramped and there were not enough trading places. Therefore, the city council decided to build new shops at the expense of the owners. This is how log shops with one solution under a common roof appeared in the city, which received a strange nickname from the residents - “Warsaw Bazaar”.

Yuryev-Polsky remained a trading city. In a newspaper for 1910, in a note by a local resident, there are the following lines: “There are more than enough shops and merchants in our city. Wherever you spit, you’ll end up in a shop. Trashy little shops.”

The city received its coat of arms at the beginning of the 19th century: “In the upper part of the medallion is the coat of arms of the provincial Vladimir, and in the lower part in a silver field are two golden baskets filled with ripe cherries.”

Yuryev-Polsky/Gergev Grad