Pioneer organization encyclopedia of our childhood. Dissolved Komsomol members. how the Komsomol collapsed Who financed Komsomol organizations in Soviet times

There are no other examples in history of such a powerful youth movement as the Lenin Komsomol. In peacetime and during wars, shoulder to shoulder with the communists, Komsomol members were the first to go into battle, to virgin lands, to construction sites, into space and led the youth. At every historical milestone, the Komsomol promoted from its midst thousands and thousands of young heroes who glorified it with their exploits. Their example of selfless service to the Motherland and people will always be in the memory of current and future generations.

It all started back in the distant revolutionary year of 1917 with the creation of socialist unions of workers, peasants and student youth. But they were all separated. Therefore, already in 1918, on October 29, the First All-Russian Congress of Workers' and Peasants' Youth Unions began its work, gathering 195 delegates from all over Russia and uniting disparate youth organizations into a single monolithic Russian Communist Youth Union. October 29 became the birthday of the Komsomol.

After the congress, general meetings of unions of worker and peasant youth were held in all regions or, as they were called then, provinces.

The chronicle of the heroic deeds of the Komsomol is endless. Six orders burn brightly on his banner. This is national recognition of the Komsomol’s services to the Motherland. Everyone knew the Komsomol heroes: Lyubov Shevtsova, Oleg Koshevoy, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Matrosov, Liza Chaikina... Eternal glory and memory to them!

Komsomol is an organization that shapes a person, his personal qualities. Here the life views of young people were affirmed, and the first experience of social work was acquired here. Komsomol is the foundation that formed the Soviet man. Of course, there was everything in the Komsomol. It was good, and it was not so good. There were bureaucratic moments that irritated young people, but these moments were criticized. However, at its core, it was a wonderful public organization. The Komsomol shaped the worldview in certain coordinates - the Soviet worldview. Komsomol is youth. Komsomol - these are the most wonderful memories! Komsomol is energy, determination, the desire to turn this world upside down and make it better!

Komsomol is my destiny

Performed by: VIA "Gems" 1918-1928
RKSM was an active participant Civil War; he carried out three all-Russian mobilizations to the front. According to incomplete data, the Komsomol sent over 75 thousand of its members to the Red Army in 1918-20. In total, up to 200 thousand Komsomol members took part in the struggle of the Soviet people against the interventionists, White Guards and bandits. Heroically fought the enemies: 19-year-old commander of the 30th division Albert Lapin, future writers Nikolai Ostrovsky and Arkady Gaidar, armored train commander Lyudmila Makievskaya, commissars Alexander Kondratyev and Anatoly Popov, leader of the Far Eastern Komsomol Vitaly Banevur and many others. Komsomol members fought selflessly behind enemy lines. In Odessa, the Komsomol underground numbered over 300 people, in Riga - about 200 people, underground Komsomol groups operated in Ekaterinodar (Krasnodar), Simferopol, Rostov-on-Don, Nikolaev, Tbilisi, etc. Many Komsomol members died brave deaths in battles to defend their gains October revolution. In severe trials, the Komsomol grew stronger and stronger. Despite the enormous sacrifices he made on the fronts, his numbers increased 20 times: in October 1918 - 22,100, in October 1920 - 482,000. In commemoration of military merits on the fronts of the Civil War in the period 1919-20 against the troops of the White Guard generals Kolchak , Denikin, Yudenich, Belopoles and Wrangel, the Komsomol in 1928 was awarded the Order of the Red Banner by a resolution of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

Komsomol members of the 20th year

Music: O. Feltsman Words: V. Voinovich
Performed by: V. Troshin 1929-1941
After the Civil War, the Komsomol was faced with the task of preparing worker and peasant youth to peaceful, creative activities. In October 1920, the 3rd Congress of the RKSM took place. The leadership for the activities of the Komsomol was Lenin’s speech at the congress on October 2, 1920, “Tasks of youth unions.” Lenin saw the main goal of the Komsomol as “... to help the party build communism and to help the entire young generation create a communist society.” The Komsomol directed all efforts to restore what was destroyed during the war. National economy. Boys and girls took part in the restoration of factories in Petrograd, Moscow, the Urals, mines and factories in Donbass, and the country's railways. In September 1920, the first All-Russian youth subbotnik was held. Komsomol members assisted the Soviet government in the fight against profiteering, sabotage, and banditry. In 1929, the Komsomol carried out the first mobilization of youth for new buildings of the 1st Five-Year Plan. Over 200 thousand Komsomol members came to construction sites with vouchers from their organizations. With the active participation of the Komsomol, the Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Station, the Moscow and Gorky Automobile Plants, the Stalingrad Tractor Plant, the Magnitogorsk Metallurgical Plant, Railway Turksib and others. By the Resolution of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR on January 21, 1931, “for the initiative shown in the matter of shock work and socialist competition, ensuring the successful implementation of the five-year plan for the development of the national economy...” The Komsomol was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

Far Eastern song

Music: B. Shikhov Lyrics: A. Pomorsky 1929
Performed by: Big Choir VRiT. Execution 1970 1941-1945
The Great Patriotic War of 1941-45 was a severe test for the entire Soviet people and their young generation. The Komsomol and all Soviet youth, at the call of the Communist Party, came out to fight the Nazi invaders. Already in the first year of the war, about 2 million Komsomol members joined the ranks of the Red Army. Komsomol members, boys and girls showed unprecedented courage, bravery, and heroism, defending Brest, Liepaja, Odessa, Sevastopol, Smolensk, Moscow, Leningrad, Kiev, Stalingrad, and other cities and regions of the country from the enemy. The Komsomol organization of Moscow and the region alone sent over 300 thousand people to the front in the first 5 months of the war; 90% of the members of the Leningrad Komsomol organization fought against the Nazi invaders on the outskirts of the city of Lenin. Young partisans and underground fighters from Belarus, the occupied regions of the RSFSR, Ukraine, and the Baltic states acted fearlessly behind enemy lines. The partisan detachments consisted of 30-45% Komsomol members. Unparalleled heroism was shown by members of underground Komsomol organizations - “Young Guard” (Krasnodon), “Partisan Spark” (Nikolaev region), Lyudinovskaya underground Komsomol group, etc. In 1941-45, about 12 million young men and women joined the Komsomol. Of 7 thousand Heroes Soviet Union under the age of 30, 3.5 thousand are Komsomol members (60 of them are twice Heroes of the Soviet Union), 3.5 million Komsomol members have been awarded orders and medals. The names of Komsomol members who fell in the fight against the fascist invaders: Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Chekalin, Lisa Chaikina, Alexander Matrosov, Viktor Talalikhin and many others - became a symbol of courage, courage, and heroism. For outstanding services to the Motherland during the Great Years Patriotic War and for the great work in education Soviet youth In the spirit of selfless devotion to the socialist Fatherland, the Komsomol was awarded the Order of Lenin by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on June 14, 1945.

Komsomolskaya
("Goodbye, mom, don't worry, don't be sad,
wish us a good journey")

Music: V. Solovyov-Sedoy Lyrics: A. Galich 1947
Performed by: KrAPPSA, solo. O. Razumovsky Performed in 1950. 1945-1948
The Komsomol invested enormous work in restoring the national economy destroyed by the Nazi invaders, in the construction of Minsk, Smolensk, Stalingrad, in the restoration of Leningrad, Kharkov, Kursk, Voronezh, Sevastopol, Odessa, Rostov-on-Don and many other cities, in the revival of industry and cities of Donbass, Dneproges, collective farms, state farms and MTS. In 1948 alone, 6,200 rural power plants were built and put into operation by youth. The Komsomol showed great concern for the placement of children and adolescents left without parents, for the expansion of the network of orphanages and vocational schools, and for the construction of schools. In 1948, the Komsomol celebrated its thirtieth anniversary. On October 28, 1948, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR awarded the Komsomol the second Order of Lenin.

Komsomol members
(An unforgettable song of the wonderful Stalin era.)

Music: A. Ostrovsky Lyrics: L. Oshanin
Performed by: I. D. Shmelev, Choir and Orc. p/u V.N. Knushevitsky Execution 1948
1948-1956
The Komsomol took an active part in the implementation of measures developed by the party to raise Agriculture. Thousands of young specialists, workers and employees, and high school graduates were sent to state farms, collective farms, and MTS. In 1954-55, over 350 thousand young people went on Komsomol vouchers to develop the virgin lands of Kazakhstan, Altai, and Siberia. Their work was a real feat. By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR for Active participation in communist construction and especially for the development of virgin lands of the Komsomol on November 5, 1956 he was awarded the third Order of Lenin.

On the road friends!

Music: Anatoly Lepin Lyrics: Alexey Fatyanov 1959
Performed by: actor Leonid Kharitonov and others. Performed in 1959. 1956-1991
The scope of the Komsomol’s activities in solving national economic problems, in particular in the development of the riches of Siberia, has expanded significantly. Far East and the Far North, in the redistribution of the country's labor resources. All-Union detachments numbering more than 70 thousand people were formed, over 500 thousand young people were sent to new buildings. With the active participation of young people, about 1,500 important facilities were built and put into operation, including the largest in the world - the Bratsk Hydroelectric Power Station, the Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Plant, the Baikal-Amur Mainline named after the Lenin Komsomol, the Druzhba oil pipeline, etc. The Komsomol patronized 100 impact construction projects , including the development of the unique oil and gas resources of the Tyumen and Tomsk regions. Student construction teams have become a tradition for Komsomol members of universities. Millions of students took part in labor semesters. At the initiative of the Komsomol, the construction of youth residential complexes became widespread. Youth residential complexes have been built in 156 cities and regions of the country. The Komsomol is the initiator of all-Union campaigns to places of revolutionary, military and labor glory, in which millions of boys and girls participate. The children's and youth competitions “Golden Puck”, “Leather Ball”, “Olympic Spring”, “Neptune” and the all-Union military sports game “Zarnitsa”, held by the Komsomol Central Committee, became truly widespread. The Komsomol and Soviet youth organizations collaborated with international, regional, national and local youth organizations in 129 countries. On July 5, 1956, the Committee of Youth Organizations of the USSR was created, and on May 10, 1958, the Bureau of International Youth Tourism “Sputnik” was created. Over four years, more than 22 million young people traveled around the country via Sputnik, and 1.7 million people traveled abroad. In 1968, for outstanding services and the great contribution of Komsomol members to the formation and strengthening of Soviet power, courage and heroism shown in battles with the enemies of the socialist Fatherland, active participation in the construction of socialism, for fruitful work on political education younger generations, in connection with the 50th anniversary of the Komsomol, was awarded the Order of the October Revolution.

Komsomol tradition

Music: O. Feltsman Words: I. Shaferan
Performed by: Vladislav Lynkovsky Performed in 1968.

After the victory of the October Revolution, red children's organizations, groups and associations arose in various cities. On May 19, 1922, the 2nd All-Russian Komsomol Conference decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere.

In the first years of Soviet power, pioneers helped street children and fought against illiteracy, collected books and set up libraries, studied in technical circles, cared for animals, went on geological hikes, nature study expeditions, collected medicinal plants. The pioneers worked on collective farms, in the fields, guarded crops and collective farm property, wrote letters to newspapers or to the relevant authorities about violations that they noticed around them.

"AiF" recalls how in Soviet times they accepted Octobrists, pioneers and who could become a Komsomol member.

From what class were you accepted into October?

Schoolchildren in grades 1–3 became Octobrists, united on a voluntary basis into groups under the school’s pioneer squad. The groups were led by counselors from among the school's pioneers or Komsomol members. In these groups, children prepared to join the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin.

Upon joining the ranks of the Octobrists, children were given a badge - a five-pointed star with a child's portrait of Lenin. The symbol was the red October flag.

In honor of the victory of the October Revolution, since 1923, schoolchildren were called “Octobers.” The Octobrists were united into stars (analogous to the pioneer unit) - October 5 and also the “sickle” and “hammer” - the leader of the star and his assistant. In an asterisk, an October child could occupy one of the positions - commander, florist, orderly, librarian or sportsman.

In the last decades of Soviet power, all students were accepted in October primary school, usually already in first grade.

Who were accepted as pioneers?

The pioneer organization accepted schoolchildren aged 9 to 14 years. Formally, admission was carried out on a voluntary basis. The selection of candidates was made by open voting at a meeting of the pioneer detachment (usually corresponding to the class) or at the highest - at the school level - pioneer body: the Council of the squad.

A student joining a pioneer organization gave a solemn promise of a pioneer of the Soviet Union at the pioneer assembly (the text of the promise in the 1980s could be seen on the back cover school notebooks). A communist, Komsomol member or senior pioneer presented the newcomer with a red pioneer tie and a pioneer badge. Pioneer tie was a symbol of belonging to pioneer organization, a piece of her banner. The three ends of the tie symbolized the unbreakable connection of three generations: communists, Komsomol members and pioneers; the pioneer was obliged to take care of his tie and protect it.

The greeting of the pioneers was a salute - a hand raised slightly above the head demonstrated that the pioneer was putting public interest above personal ones. "Be ready!" - the leader called on the pioneers and heard in response: “Always ready!”

As a rule, pioneers were accepted into a solemn atmosphere during communist holidays in memorable historical and revolutionary places, for example on April 22 near the monument to V.I. Lenin.

Punishments were applied to members of the organization who violated the Laws of the Pioneers of the Soviet Union: discussion at a meeting of the unit, detachment, or squad council; comment; exception warning; as a last resort - exclusion from the pioneer organization. They could be expelled from the pioneers for unsatisfactory behavior and hooliganism.

Collecting scrap metal and waste paper and other types of socially useful work, helping elementary school students, participating in military sports “Zarnitsa”, classes in clubs and, of course, excellent studies - this is what the pioneer’s everyday life was filled with.

How did you become a Komsomol member?

They became Komsomol members at the age of 14. The reception was carried out individually. To apply, you needed a recommendation from a communist or two Komsomol members with at least 10 months of experience. After this, the application could be accepted for consideration by the school Komsomol organization, or it could not be accepted if the submitter was not considered a worthy figure.

Those whose application was accepted were scheduled for an interview with the Komsomol committee (council of Komsomol members) and a representative of the district committee. To pass the interview, you had to memorize the Komsomol charter, the names of the key leaders of the Komsomol and the party, important dates and the main thing is to answer the question: “Why do you want to become a Komsomol member?”

Any of the committee members could ask a tricky question during the trial stage. If the candidate successfully passed the interview, he was given a Komsomol card, which documented the payment of dues. Schoolchildren and students paid 2 kopecks. per month, working - one percent of salary.

You could be expelled from the Komsomol for sloppiness, going to church, or for non-payment membership fees, for family troubles. Expulsion from the organization threatened the lack of good prospects and career in the future. The former Komsomol member did not have the right to join the party, go abroad, and in some cases he was threatened with dismissal from his job.

After the victory of the October Revolution, red children's organizations, groups and associations arose in various cities. On May 19, 1922, the 2nd All-Russian Komsomol Conference decided to create pioneer detachments everywhere.

In the first years of Soviet power, pioneers helped street children and fought illiteracy, collected books and set up libraries, studied in technical circles, cared for animals, went on geological hikes, nature study expeditions, and collected medicinal plants. The pioneers worked on collective farms, in the fields, guarded crops and collective farm property, wrote letters to newspapers or to the relevant authorities about violations that they noticed around them.

AiF.ru recalls how in Soviet times they accepted Octobrists, pioneers and who could become a Komsomol member.

From what class were you accepted into October?

Schoolchildren in grades 1–3 became Octobrists, united on a voluntary basis into groups under the school’s pioneer squad. The groups were led by counselors from among the school's pioneers or Komsomol members. In these groups, children prepared to join the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin.

When joining the ranks of the Octobrists, children were given a badge - a five-pointed star with a child’s portrait of Lenin. The symbol was the red October flag.

In honor of the victory of the October Revolution, since 1923, schoolchildren were called “Octobers.” The Octobrists were united into stars (analogous to the pioneer unit) - October 5 and also “sickle” and “hammer” - the leader of the star and his assistant. In an asterisk, an October child could occupy one of the positions - commander, florist, orderly, librarian or sportsman.

In the last decades of Soviet power, all primary school students were admitted to October, usually already in the first grade.

Who were accepted as pioneers?

The pioneer organization accepted schoolchildren aged 9 to 14 years. Formally, admission was carried out on a voluntary basis. The selection of candidates was made by open voting at a meeting of the pioneer detachment (usually corresponding to the class) or at the highest—at the school level—pioneer body: the squad council.

A student joining a pioneer organization gave a solemn promise of a pioneer of the Soviet Union at the pioneer meeting (the text of the promise in the 1980s could be seen on the back cover of school notebooks). A communist, Komsomol member or senior pioneer presented the newcomer with a red pioneer tie and a pioneer badge. The pioneer tie was a symbol of belonging to the pioneer organization, a part of its banner. The three ends of the tie symbolized the unbreakable connection of three generations: communists, Komsomol members and pioneers; the pioneer was obliged to take care of his tie and protect it.

The greeting of the pioneers was a salute - a hand raised just above the head demonstrated that the pioneer put public interests above personal ones. "Be ready!" - the leader called on the pioneers and heard in response: “Always ready!”

As a rule, pioneers were accepted into a solemn atmosphere during communist holidays in memorable historical and revolutionary places, for example on April 22 near the monument to V.I. Lenin.

Punishments were applied to members of the organization who violated the Laws of the Pioneers of the Soviet Union: discussion at a meeting of the unit, detachment, or squad council; comment; exception warning; as a last resort - exclusion from the pioneer organization. They could be expelled from the pioneers for unsatisfactory behavior and hooliganism.

Collecting scrap metal and waste paper and other types of socially useful work, helping elementary school students, participating in military sports “Zarnitsa”, classes in clubs and, of course, excellent studies - this is what the pioneer’s everyday life was filled with.

How did you become a Komsomol member?

They became Komsomol members at the age of 14. The reception was carried out individually. To apply, you needed a recommendation from a communist or two Komsomol members with at least 10 months of experience. After this, the application could be accepted for consideration by the school Komsomol organization, or it could not be accepted if the submitter was not considered a worthy figure.

Those whose application was accepted were scheduled for an interview with the Komsomol committee (council of Komsomol members) and a representative of the district committee. To pass the interview, you had to memorize the Komsomol charter, the names of the key leaders of the Komsomol and the party, important dates, and most importantly, answer the question: “Why do you want to become a Komsomol member?”

Any of the committee members could ask a tricky question during the trial stage. If the candidate successfully passed the interview, he was given a Komsomol card, which documented the payment of dues. Schoolchildren and students paid 2 kopecks. per month, working - one percent of salary.

They could be expelled from the Komsomol for sloppiness, going to church, for non-payment of membership dues, or for family troubles. Expulsion from the organization threatened the lack of good prospects and career in the future. The former Komsomol member did not have the right to join the party, go abroad, and in some cases he was threatened with dismissal from his job.

Unchanged; m. [in capital letters] In the USSR: All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union (social and political youth organization). * * * Komsomol see All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League. * * * Komsomol Komsomol, see All-Union... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Komsomol- take a shovel, dig your own grave! the great Lenin dug his own grave a wolf caught a goat for seven months wolves love bones with meat folklore. Komsomol Komsomol KSM All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union after: SKM RF historical ... Dictionary of abbreviations and abbreviations

See All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Komsomol- abbreviation of the All-Union Leninist Communist Youth League until 1991. unchangeable dictionary unit ist... Spelling dictionary of Ukrainian language

Komsomol- (All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union) mass social polit. youth organization. The first organizational congress took place on October 29. 4 Nov 1918 in Moscow. Proletarian youth organizations in the U., as well as throughout the country, arose... ... Ural Historical Encyclopedia

Komsomol- [ve el ka es em], unchangeable, m. All-Union Leninist Kolshunistichesky Union of Youth. AGS, 203. ◘ Komsomol is an amateur public organization that unites in its ranks the broad masses of advanced Soviet youth. CPSP, 32. The basis of the Komsomol... ... Dictionary language of the Council of Deputies

See All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union... Big Soviet encyclopedia

- [ve el ka es em] All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union... Small academic dictionary

See All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Union... Soviet historical encyclopedia

Komsomol- The Wolf Caught the Goat for Seven Months A humorous decoding of the abbreviation of the Leninist Komsomol... Dictionary of folk phraseology

Books

• Komsomol. 1918 - 1978, I. Mikhailov. We present to your attention the photo album of N. Mikhailov “VLKSM. 1918 - 1978”…
• Komsomol. 1918-1978, N. Mikhailov. Glorious Lenin Komsomol- a faithful and reliable assistant to the Communist Party and its combat reserve - a tireless fighter for the great cause of communism, a toiler, an innovator, a warrior,...
• Komsomol volunteers. Collective portrait of the Komsomol. Dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Komsomol, Alla Faatovna Sushchinskaya. This is a collective Portrait of the Komsomol. Not ordered, but sincere, voluntary research. A unique collection of memories of dozens of people (historical figures and current ones) and the answer...

Today we invite you to consider interesting topic, directly related to the history of our country. Namely, the pioneer movement in the USSR. Of course, in a short article we are unlikely to be able to cover all aspects of this large-scale phenomenon. But we will try to give the modern young reader an idea of ​​the basic principles of the existence of a pioneer organization. What was the pioneer movement like? At what age were you accepted as a pioneer? What were they doing?

People aged “forty and older” know very well the answers to these questions - in what class they were accepted into pioneers, how pioneer training camps and meetings were held, what the peers of current schoolchildren did during extracurricular hours. And for representatives of the younger generation below - a small “educational education”.

During the Soviet era, everyone knew the All-Union Pioneer Organization, which bore the name of V.I. Lenin - it could not have been otherwise. This mass children's movement was one of the communist organizations that existed in the USSR. The pioneer organization was formed by the decision of the All-Russian Komsomol Conference in 1922 (May 19). Since then, this day has been celebrated as Pioneer Day.

Initially, the organization was named after Spartak. In 1924, she received the name of Lenin - after his death. The pioneers traced their origins to the scout movement, but a number of aspects significantly distinguished these formations. The pioneering organization had the character of universal state coverage with a clearly expressed goal - the ideological education of children as devotees communist party citizens. Organizationally, the pioneer movement was integral part structure of the Komsomol and was controlled centrally. “Pioneers” in countries of Western culture (in the USA and England) were called reconnaissance soldiers, pioneers who explored new lands.

A little history

The scout movement in Russia at the time of the 1917 revolution was quite developed and consisted of a network of children's organizations. The total number of scouts was about 50,000 people. During the Civil War, scouts assisted in searching for street children, formed children's militia units, and engaged in social assistance. The motives of scout ideology were based on the postulates of play, work and mutual assistance.

The Bolsheviks decided to combine the principles of the scout movement with communist ideology. Komsomol members, in turn, considered scoutism a bourgeois phenomenon, far from communist ideas. Already in 1919, the congress of the RKSM adopted a resolution to disband scout troops.

At the same time, the need to create our own communist organization children's direction. The idea was formulated by N.K. Krupskaya, who suggested that the Komsomol use scouting methods to create a new children's organization. Initially, this idea was received with extreme caution, but with the adoption of a positive decision in 1921, the search for suitable organizational forms began. The new movement was called "pioneers", which was also borrowed from scouting practice. At what age were you accepted as a pioneer in those years? Initially, it was decided to take the Scout movement as the basis for the Komsomol organization being created, but later it was decided to unite younger children in a similar format.

Other symbolism

The symbols of the new children's movement were a slightly modified version of the scout ones. Instead of a green tie, a red one appeared, and a white (rather than green) blouse was also approved. The scout motto “Be Prepared!” remained unchanged. and the answer is “Always ready!” We inherited from scouting the organization of children in the form of groups, gatherings around the fire, playful forms of working with students, and the institute of counselors.

During 1922, many pioneer detachments arose in a number of villages and cities. The age at which people were accepted into pioneers and other formal aspects in those years were not yet strictly regulated. At the congress of the RKSM, it was decided to unite the scattered pioneer detachments into a children's organization of a communist orientation. The movement received its last official name - the All-Union Pioneer Organization named after V.I. Lenin - in March 1926.

About the structure of the pioneer organization

Initially, such organizations were created by RKSM cells in villages, institutions and enterprises. In 1923, their formation ceased to depend on place of residence and moved to schools. They were called “bases” and “outposts”. In fact, communist control was established over the school. Since 1929, the pioneer organization began to rebuild, focusing on school principles. The detachments corresponded to classes, the squads corresponded to schools. The age at which people were accepted as pioneers became uniform in the USSR in those years.

The scale of the organization acquired such a scale that a couple of years later they were talking with condemnation about attempts to extinguish the pioneer movement by merging it with the school system. In addition, there has been a tendency to transfer educational functions from the school to the pioneer movement. The school determined in which class they were accepted as pioneers, established a system of rewards and punishments, etc. But the process nevertheless continued.

Being a centralized link in the communist system, the All-Union Pioneer Movement in the USSR united organizations different levels- republican, regional, regional, district, city, district. The formal basis for organizing a squad at a school or children's educational institution was the presence of three pioneers. If the squad consisted of more than 20 people, it was divided into pioneer detachments.

The groups existing at pioneer camps or orphanages were of different ages. If the detachment consisted of 15 or more people, it was divided into links, at the head of each of which a leader was appointed. In fact, each detachment united students of a particular class, and the squad united students of a particular school.

About the senior pioneers

Changes affected the organization's structure in 1982 with the introduction of the concept of "senior pioneers". In what class were these guys accepted as pioneers? The senior pioneers usually included students in the seventh and eighth grades. They were a kind of intermediate link between pioneers and Komsomol members and wore badges that combined elements of both. Theoretically, senior pioneers were instructed to continue wearing a red tie, but many tried their best to switch to new uniform clothes.

Who led the organization

The direct leadership of the All-Union Pioneer Organization was entrusted to the Komsomol - Komsomol members. Those, in turn, were controlled by the bodies of the CPSU. Any council of a pioneer organization worked under the leadership of the Komsomol committee. Reports from the councils of the pioneer organization were heard at conferences and congresses of the Komsomol. The leadership of the pioneer organization at all levels was also approved by plenums of Komsomol committees.

Methodological and organizational work with pioneer personnel was organized on the basis of numerous Houses and Palaces of Pioneers, as well as other non-school institutions. Personnel for work in these institutions, in the person of senior counselors, were “supplied” from Komsomol committees, which were involved in their selection, education and advanced training. The leadership of circles, sections, clubs and candidates for the positions of squad leaders were selected in a centralized manner.

If we talk about the so-called pioneer self-government, then supreme body The collective unit (detachment, unit, squad) served as a pioneer gathering. At the gathering of the detachment, schoolchildren were accepted into the pioneers, and the worthy ones were recommended to the ranks of the Komsomol. Assessed the activities of the detachment and planned upcoming work in general (as well as the contribution of each pioneer to the common cause) on the council of the squad. The composition of the detachment was selected by the detachment assembly, the link member was selected by the unit assembly. Each of the councils, in turn, elected its own chairman.

In pioneer organizations at a higher level (All-Union, Republican, regional, territorial, etc.), a pioneer rally, held once every few years, served as a form of self-government. The most active and active elite of the pioneer organization gathered in city headquarters, created under the councils of the pioneer organization at the district or city level.

In what class were you accepted as a pioneer?

Any representative of the older generation will give you the answer to this question. The age when they were accepted into pioneers ranged from 9 to 14 years. A nine- to ten-year-old child was most often a third grader. Here is the answer to the question: “In what class were they previously accepted as pioneers?”

Formally, this action was carried out on a voluntary basis. It was carried out individually in the form of an open vote, held at a meeting of the squad or pioneer detachment. The atmosphere of the event when they were accepted into pioneers was always presented in the USSR in a very pompous manner.

A schoolchild who joined the organization read out a solemn promise to his senior comrades (Komsomol members, communists or other pioneers) on the line. He was given and tied a red tie. Most often, the procedure for admission to pioneers was carried out in a solemn atmosphere and coincided with communist holidays.

Often it was held in some memorable historical and revolutionary place. For example, there was a widespread practice of recruiting pioneers near the Lenin monument on April 22. First of all, the admission of excellent and good students was carried out.

A little ideology

Anyone who joined the ranks of this children's organization was required to know the laws of the pioneers by heart. These postulates taught children to emulate communists, prepare to join the ranks of the Komsomol, study well and actively work for the good of the Motherland, prepare to defend it from enemies, fight for peace and build communism in everything globe. The pioneer was instructed to value the honor of the organization, be a reliable comrade, respect elders and take care of children, and act in accordance with the concepts of duty and honor.

The rights of a pioneer were proclaimed to be the opportunity to participate in the election of pioneer self-government bodies, discuss the work of the organization at meetings and in the press, criticize shortcomings and make proposals at any level, and ask for recommendations for the procedure for joining the Komsomol.

About pioneer camps

For the most part, pioneers spent their school holidays in pioneer camps. Their number in the USSR was enormous - about 40,000 summer and year-round summer and year-round pioneer camps. About 10 million children were sent there on vacation every year. The most famous of them is the All-Union Pioneer Camp international status"Artek". The second most prestigious place was occupied by the all-Russian level camp "Orlyonok", located in the Krasnodar Territory.

The pioneer organization, of course, had its own motto and anthem, ideologically “tied” to the declared goal - educating young fighters for the ideas of the Communist Party. The “March of Young Pioneers,” written back in 1922, was performed as the organization’s anthem. Other attributes of pioneer symbols were the red triangular tie known to any Soviet person and the pioneer badge of the approved form. Other elements of the organization's attributes are the squad banner, squad flags, drums and bugles. None of the solemn pioneer rituals could take place without them.

Each squad had its own pioneer room, in which all these attributes were to be stored. The squad council also met there. Most often, such a room was decorated with a counter of a ritual nature and a Lenin corner. In each class, the pioneers were instructed to publish and hang handwritten detachment and squad wall newspapers.

What did the pioneer uniform look like?

On weekdays they wore regular school uniform along with pioneer symbols in the form of a badge and a red tie. For special occasions, a dress uniform was provided, consisting of red caps in combination with the same ties and badges, uniform white shirts with gilded buttons and emblems on the sleeves (for both boys and girls), blue trousers for boys or the same colors of girls' skirts. In the banner group, the dress uniform was complemented by a red ribbon worn over the shoulder, as well as white gloves.

In the Soviet Union, pioneer magazines and newspapers were published, in addition, a lot of other children's literature. Representatives of the older generation remember very well such publications as “Pionerskaya Pravda” (the main newspaper of the organization), magazines “Koster”, “Pioneer”, etc. Pioneer broadcasts were broadcast on radio and television every day, even in cinemas they played documentary magazines before the start of the film .

About the life of children in those years when they were accepted into pioneers

Many wonderful children's films created during the Soviet period were dedicated to children pioneer age and showed the life of schoolchildren in pioneer camps and detachments. Undoubtedly, these films, despite their ideological “impregnation,” contributed to truly high-quality education of children and adolescents in the USSR. In addition, filmed by true masters of their craft, they were genuine works of cinematic art and it was no coincidence that they were loved by millions of viewers - both children and adults.

The Palaces of Pioneers that existed in each city were repurposed after the dissolution of the Pioneer organization in DDT (Children's Art House) in 1991. The children who visited them in those years were busy collecting scrap metal and waste paper, took part in the military sports game "Zarnitsa", as well as in competitions of football and hockey yard teams organized at the all-Union level. There was even a simplified version of the volleyball game - pioneerball ( team game with a soccer ball).

Voluntary youth fire brigades were organized. The pioneers were involved in all kinds of patrols monitoring the protection of forest and water resources, or as young assistant traffic inspectors on the roads. In addition, many children were engaged in sports sections and circles of various types.