The most extreme points of Russia from all four directions of the world

Planet Earth is truly unique. Here are located different continents, on which, accordingly, are located different countries with their geographical features. Eurasia is considered the largest continent. Here, among other countries, Russia is located. In the article we will consider the geography of Eurasia and the Russian Federation in more detail. Let's find out where the extreme continental points of Russia are located.

Eurasia

Continent Eurasia occupies 36% of the total land surface of the Earth (more than 53,500 million sq. km), about 3/4 of the population of the entire planet Earth lives on it (about 5 billion). The continent is divided into two parts, Europe and Asia. They are unequal among themselves geographically. The latter makes up more than 80% of the area of ​​the entire continent.

Europe

The northernmost part of this part is Cape Nordkin (Kinnarudden). Located in Norway, it is a rock formation jutting out into the Barents Sea. The opposite point, the southernmost one, is Cape Marroki. This place is located in the Spanish province of Cadiz, in Strait of Gibraltar. There is a lighthouse here. The distance to the coast of Africa is only 14 km. Cape Roca (Portugal) - western point. There is also a lighthouse on it, providing light to ships plowing the expanses. Atlantic Ocean. The northernmost site is located on the territory of our country, in the Polar Urals.

Asia

Extreme points on continents may coincide with those of some countries. This, for example, happened with the Russian Federation. Some extreme continental points of Russia coincide with these sections of the indicated part of the continent. There are two of them. The northernmost mainland point of Russia is located at Cape Chelyuskin. It is located at the tip of the Taimyr Peninsula. The extreme eastern point of Russia is Cape Dezhnev. It is located in Chukotka. These extreme points of Russia are named after the great explorers of the Arctic. There is Cape Baba in Asia. This is the western extreme point of this continental zone. It is located in the northwestern part of the Turkish peninsular formation of Asia Minor. The southern section is Cape Piai. This is the tip of the Malacca Peninsula in Malaysia.

RF and Eurasia

Some ancient cartographers considered Russia an independent part of the world, so how wide is it? Our country occupies almost a third of the Eurasian continent, it is the first in the world in terms of territory and ninth in population. Russia has borders with eighteen countries, ranking first in the world in this indicator. Our country has the longest border in the world, which exceeds the length of the equator, while sea lines are twice as long as land lines. Three oceans wash the Russian Federation: Pacific, Atlantic and Arctic.
Anyone who has traveled or lives in the region of the Ural Mountains has probably seen the corresponding pillars (tourists love to take pictures with them), delineating the border of Europe and Asia, parts of the world in which, over the course of many millennia, the largest and most significant events in human history have taken place, sometimes having a fundamental impact on all Earth. The southern borders of Asia and Europe are drawn along the Kuma-Manych depression. If we consider the ratio of the European and Asian parts of the world within Russia, then only 1/5 of it is located in Europe, the rest of the territory is in Asia. “Yes, we are Asians,” said the poet. If we consider his words in a purely geographical context, then he was certainly right.

Russian Federation: brief description of the country

Part Russian Federation includes eighty-five territorial and national-territorial entities. State structure– federal. The country is a mixed republic. The capital of Russia is Moscow, the country is headed by a president, official language- Russian. The state contains various subjects of law, vested with different powers depending on the status of the entity. The main units are regions, republics, territories, autonomous okrugs and regions, cities, including federal significance and submission.

Geography

The territorial center of Russia is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, near the southeastern part of the shore of Lake Vivi. The center of Asia is located in Tuva, near the capital - Kyzyl. The country's area is 1/8 of the world's territory. It is more than one and a half times the size of Europe and almost twice the size of the United States. A quarter of the equator - this is the length of the largest country in the world from west to east (about 10,000 km), the length along the north-south line is more than 4,000 km.

Extreme points of Russia. Location by cardinal directions

The extreme eastern point of Russia coincides with the corresponding one in Eurasia, since the territory of the country occupies the northeastern part of the continent. This, as mentioned above, is Cape Dezhnev. Even further east is an inland point. This is the rocky island of Ratmanov. It is located in the Bering Strait. There is no permanent population on the island. The border post guards the easternmost border of the country. The island has one of the largest bird colonies in the region and a large walrus rookery. The northernmost continental point of Russia coincides with the corresponding one in Asia. As you know, this is Cape Chelyuskin. Even further north it is located on the island. Rudolf Cape Outbuildings. This is another extreme northern point of Russia. It is part of Franz Josef Land. This is the northernmost point on the inland part of the country. Almost the entire area is covered by glacier.
In the west, the extreme point of the state is located in an enclave region that does not have common land borders with the Russian Federation, in the Kaliningrad region. It is located on the Baltic Sea, on a narrow part of the land. The Baltic Spit separates the Kaliningrad Bay from the main water area. This part of the land is covered with sandy beaches and dunes. The extreme southern point of Russia is located in the Greater Caucasus, on the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan, not far from Mount Bazardyuzyu (southwest of it). The mountain peaks of these places and the rich fauna create a unique landscape that attracts the attention of tourists from all over the world. There are other extreme points of Russia. For example, the highest mountain peak is located in the Caucasus. This is the famous Mount Elbrus. The peak is located in Karachay-Cherkessia. The region of the Caspian basin is considered the lowest altitude in Russia.

Territory of the Russian Federation. Short description

Our country occupies so much large territory that it fits three climate zones. In particular, these are temperate, arctic and subarctic. The territory celebrates ten natural areas- from the northern Arctic to semi-deserts and deserts in the south. They make Russian nature one of a kind. There are tundras, forest-tundras, forest-steppes, and taiga. Common and mixed forests, and broadleaf, steppe. This is a country of natural contrasts. Mountains and plains, arid and marshy areas represent unique landscapes. The country is rich in mineral resources and natural resources. The most deep lake in the world (Baikal), the most large river in Europe (Volga), the most high peak in the same part of the world (Elbrus) - all this is the Russian Federation. The vast territory of the country, making up one fifth of it, lies beyond the Arctic Circle. And some extreme points of Russia coincide with continental ones. In terms of relief, the country can be divided into several parts: Fennoscandia (Karelia, Kola Peninsula), East European and West Siberian Plains, Central Siberian Plateau, Ural Mountains, southern and eastern mountain ranges.

The extreme point is considered the most distant place in the north, south, west and east, where the state border or the mainland of the country ends. The extremes may be continental or include islands or exclaves. Russia occupies the largest area of ​​any country in the world. Throughout the history of the country, its borders have changed several times. This article presents the most extreme western, eastern, northern, southern geographical points of both the continental part of Russia and taking into account the islands, as well as the most remote cities of the country.

Extreme points of the mainland

• Northern point - located on Cape Chelyuskin (77°43" northern latitude), Taimyrsky. The lands lie beyond the Arctic Circle, winter here lasts practically all year round. There is a meteorological station on the cape; the temporary population does not exceed ten people.
• Southern point - located southwest of Mount Bazarduzu, on the border with Azerbaijan (41°13" north latitude). According to another version, Mount Ragdan is closer to the southern point, but it is depicted only on large-scale maps.
• Western point - located on the Baltic Spit in the Baltic Sea near the city of Kaliningrad (19°38" east longitude).
• Eastern point - located on Cape Dezhnev (169°40" west longitude). The mountain range abruptly ends to the sea. In good weather From the cape you can see the western shores of Alaska.

Extreme points including islands and other lands

• Northern point - Cape Fligeli (81°50"35" north latitude 59°14"22" east longitude). It is located on Rudolf, which is part of the Franz Josef Land archipelago. Harsh weather conditions make the island difficult to visit. There are no villages, camps or border posts here. To mark the extreme point, a wooden cross was erected on the cape in 2003.
• Southern point - located southwest of Mount Bazarduzu, on the border with Azerbaijan (41°11"07" north latitude 47°46"54" east longitude). According to another version, Mount Ragdan is closer to the southern point, but it is depicted only on large-scale maps.
• Western point - located at the Normeln border post, located on the Baltic Spit in the Kaliningrad region (54°27"45" north latitude 19°38"19" east longitude). The lands border with Poland. No more than a thousand people live on the spit.
• Eastern point - located on Ratmanov Island, in the Bering Strait (65°47" north latitude 169°01" west longitude). The state border passes here, and there is a border post on the island itself.

Extreme cities of Russia

• Pevek is the northernmost city in the country (69°42" north latitude). It is located in Chukotka. After the collapse of the USSR, the settlement began to rapidly die out; today the number of inhabitants does not exceed five thousand. Summer in the city is short and cold; sometimes there is no time to melt on the hills snow In winter, temperatures drop to -30°C, and snowstorms often occur.
• Derbent, the southernmost city, is located in Dagestan (42°04" north latitude). In addition to the unique geographical location, Derbent stands out for its age. This is the most Old city Russia. Locality attracts with its proximity to the sea, subtropical forest and vineyards. The lighthouse in the city center is considered the southernmost in the country.
• Baltiysk is located in the west (19°55" east longitude). It is here that the Baltic Fleet base is located. The city remained closed until beginning of the XXI century. Tourists, in addition to the sea and beaches, are attracted by the unique architecture. Medieval defensive structures have been preserved here: the Pillau citadel, the Stiele fort. Business card Baltiysk - lighthouse.
• Anadyr in Chukotka is the easternmost city of Russia (177°30" east longitude). Here short summer, which lasts two and a half months. Winter is cold and hurricane winds are common. Upon arrival, travelers are greeted by houses painted in bright colors. In winter you can see the northern lights in the sky. Among the attractions are the Swan Lake and Elgygytgyn Lake. A unique architectural monument is the Holy Trinity Cathedral.

Extreme permanent settlements

• In the north is the urban-type settlement of Dikson, Krasnoyarsk region(73°30" north latitude).
• In the south - the village of Kurush, Republic of Dagestan (41°16" north latitude).
• In the west - the city of Baltiysk, Kaliningrad region (19°55" east longitude).
• In the east is the village of Uelen, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug (169°48" west longitude).

Extreme heights of the country

• The lowest point in Russia is the level of the Caspian Sea (-28 meters below sea level).
• The highest point in the country is the peak of Mount Elbrus (5642 meters above sea level).
• The highest point in the Asian part of Russia is

The extreme point of the country in the north still remains - this is Cape Chelyuskin on the Taimyr Peninsula (77° 43 "N), which is also considered the northernmost point of Eurasia. An additional island point is also taken into account - Cape Fligeli, on Rudolf Island, which belongs to the Franz Josef Land archipelago (81° 49" N). The westernmost point is the city of Baltiysk, considered the outport of Kaliningrad. The easternmost point is Cape Dezhnev and Ratmanov Island. But the extreme southern point of Russia has now changed: before it was in Turkmenistan, it was the village of Kushka. Currently, the southernmost point of our country is located southwest of Mount Bazarduzu and east of the Main Caucasian ridge, not far from the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. The first recorded ascent of Bazardyuzyu was made by Russian topographers in 1873.

Bazarduzu, whose height is 4,466 m, is one of the most memorable peaks of the Caucasus range. It is simply incredible for mountaineering. Its gentle southern slope is optimal for novice climbers, and the icy northern, almost vertical wall belongs to the highest category of difficulty. Bazarduzu had different names among different peoples. Some translated this word as “flat-topped mountain”, others called it Tikisar - High Head. The Lezgins called it Kichevnedag - Mountain of Horror. But translated from Turkic it means “market square”, or more precisely, “turn to the bazaar”.

Since ancient times, in these places in the Azerbaijani Valley of Shahnabad, which is located east of this mountain, a large annual fair was held, which was attended not only by merchants and buyers from nearby regions and states, but also people from such countries as:

In order not to get lost, everyone was guided by the most noticeable mountain Bazarduzu, the ice wall of which immediately gave a complete picture of the location of the fair, since at this place they had to turn left, overcome a small pass and go to the desired place.

The distance between the northern and southern points of Russia is more than four thousand kilometers. In combination with the latitudinal position, this determines the different intensity of heat supply to the entire surface area of ​​the country, which is why three climatic zones are formed - arctic, subarctic, and temperate. As well as ten natural areas.

Currently, the southernmost point of Russia is located at an altitude of over 3,500 m and is located 2.2 km east of Mount Radgan, southwest of the Nesen (3.7 km) and Bazardyuzyu (7.3 km) mountains.

Derbent (Dagestan) is considered the southernmost city in our country. In 2015, its 2000th anniversary was celebrated. The city's location at the narrowest point of the Caspian Passage influenced its architecture and the location of defensive buildings and walls. The longest wall is considered to be to the west of the citadel, the length of which is 40 km. Its construction made it impossible to bypass the fortress along mountain passes. The name of the city “Derbent” first appeared in documents of the 7th century and translated from Persian meant “Locked Gate”.

In the center of the old city is the oldest Juma Mosque in the CIS and Russia. In 733, in addition to 7 mosques built in each of the mahals of Derbent, big mosque to perform general Friday prayers. The final formation of the entire complex was completed in 1815. But during the atheist campaign carried out in the USSR in the thirties of the last century, the Juma Mosque was closed, and then in 1943 it was returned to the clergy of the city. In 2015, it underwent restoration. Eastern plane trees, which are several centuries old, are protected by the All-Russian state program “Trees - Monuments of Living Nature.” Their dense foliage protects pilgrims and numerous tourists in hot sunny weather.

Derbent today is a real museum city, with a history that has been going on for the third millennium. It has remained in its place since ancient times. Due to its advantageous location, the Roman Empire, the Golden Horde, the enlightened Byzantium and even the Khazar Khaganate constantly tried to capture it.

Most of the inhabitants of the ancient city keep and breed pigeons. Many courtyards, according to tradition, are equipped with dovecotes; they are also installed in attics and in the shade under trees. The white birds flying over the ancient city are extremely beautiful, their flight is impossible to forget.

Derbent is also famous for its carpets, the production of which began in the 5th century, and modern carpets are made using the same ancient technologies, from natural materials.

Derbent is the most famous ancient city, not far from which the southernmost point is located. Close to it is Mount Radgan, whose height is 4,020 m, but it is marked only on large-scale maps.

February 18, 2014

The grandiose territory of Russia

Russia is rightfully considered the largest country in the world. Here, on its territory, there are three climatic zones and ten natural zones. From east to west, the length of the country is 10 thousand kilometers and 10 time zones.

Russia is the largest state in the world. When in the east they already celebrate New Year, in the western regions the evening of the previous day is just beginning. The extreme eastern point of the country is Cape Dezhnev, located on the Chukotka Peninsula. Here there is an ancient cross and a lighthouse named after the pioneer. Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev was the first navigator to sail through the Bering Strait. But all the glory, unfortunately, went to Bering, who did it 80 years later. Only 200 years later, a Swedish explorer named the easternmost cape of Russia after Dezhnev. Not far from the cape there is Ratmanov Island, on which there is a mountain range called the Roof, on the slopes where they lived local residents- Eskimos.

The northernmost point of Russia

The western extreme point of Russia is 10 thousand kilometers away from the eastern one and is located in the Kaliningrad region. It is located on the shore Baltic Sea. The Kaliningrad region is shared with Russia by the territory of other countries and represents a kind of Russian island among the other Baltic states. Therefore, sometimes it is sometimes not taken into account and they say that the most extreme point of Russia in the west is in the Pskov region at the junction of the borders three countries- Latvia, Russia and Estonia. In determining the extent of the state from east to west, one and the other point should be taken into account.

The northernmost point of Russia is located beyond the Arctic Circle, on the Taimyr Peninsula. It was there that the Great Northern Expedition was created in order to explore the territory of the country. Then the cape was called East Northern, but 100 years later it was named in honor of the famous navigator Semyon Chelyuskin. It is winter on the peninsula almost all year and the snow does not melt at all. Even in the middle of summer, the mercury column in the thermometer does not rise above +1 degrees Celsius. There is a polar meteorological station here, where only 10 people are constantly present. Helicopters provide communication with the mainland. They also deliver food and necessary things here.

Southern point of Russia

In the south, the extreme point of Russia is located on Mount Bazardyuzyu on the border of Azerbaijan and Dagestan. It is more than 3.6 thousand kilometers away from the northern edge. The North Caucasus has beautiful mountains, on the tops of which lie eternal glaciers. Many peoples live there, very fond of their harsh region; they cultivate plots of land suitable for agriculture or raise sheep. According to another version, the southernmost point is located on another mountain called Ragdan. At its foot there is also the southernmost village - Kurush.

Many climbers make their ascents in the Caucasus Mountains. There are many seemingly inaccessible peaks here, the conquest of which gives climbers joy and pride. Russia is the largest country in the world. On its large territory. There is also the tundra, with its permafrost, in which day and night last for six months, and endless steppes and centuries-old taiga. It is in our country Ural mountains passes the border between Europe and Asia.

Russians can be proud of their country, its mountains and steppes, seas and lakes. Between north and south its length is 4 thousand kilometers. Between west and east - 10 thousand. This territory belongs to all residents of Russia.

January 22nd, 2013

We continue to study interesting topics. This is what he writes to us aleks18771

“You could make a series about the extreme points of Russia. For example, finding the eastern and western ones is not difficult.
No one knows where the Southern hike is. In any case, no one really writes on the Internet yet."

Well, let's go look for points..

Russia is located in the north of the Eurasian continent, occupying about a third of its territory (31.5%). The extreme northern and eastern points of the continent are also the extreme points of Russia. The country is located in two parts of the world and occupies the eastern sector of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Russia is washed by the seas of three oceans: the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific.

The border between Europe and Asia within Russia is drawn along the Ural Mountains and the Kuma-Manych depression. Only a little more than 1/5 of the country's area belongs to Europe (about 22%). Moreover, the European territory of Russia often means the entire territory lying west of the Urals(about 23% of the area). In any case, the Asian part of Russia accounts for over 3/4 of the country's territory. The 180th meridian passes through Wrangel Island and Chukotka, therefore, the eastern outskirts of Russia lies in the Western Hemisphere. The geographical center of Russia is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Evenki Autonomous Okrug on Lake Vivi. The center of Asia is located in Tuva, near Kyzyl.

The Russian Federation is the largest state in the world in terms of territory; the country's area is 17 million 75 thousand 400 km2 (one eighth of the world's territory). The area of ​​Russia is 1.7 times more area Europe and 1.8 times the area of ​​the United States, 2 times the area of ​​the People's Republic of China and 29 times the area of ​​the largest European state - Ukraine.

Northernmost point

The northernmost point of Russia on the mainland is located far beyond the Arctic Circle at Cape Chelyuskin (77° 43" N).

Cape Chelyuskin, which is the northernmost point of the Taimyr Peninsula and the Eurasian mainland, was first reached by man in 1742. Then the expedition led by Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin named the cape East-Northern. It took place as part of the Great Northern Expedition, which was approved by the Admiralty Board, which believed that it was necessary to explore in detail the north of Russia from Pechora to Chukotka and make a description of those places. In honor of Semyon Chelyuskin, a polar navigator and explorer of the north of Russia, the cape was named already in 1842, when the centenary of his expedition was celebrated.

Chelyuskin's travel journal, in which he shares his impressions of his dog sled journey, the difficult journey he made with his comrades, and their arrival at the Cape, is still kept in St. Petersburg, in the archives of the navy.

The northernmost point of the Taimyr Peninsula has a harsh climate. Winter here lasts all year round, the snow practically never melts, and the temperature in July and August usually does not exceed +1C°.

The second person to visit this cape was geologists and geographer from Sweden Nils Nordenskiöld. The third was the Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen, who on September 9, 1893 sailed past Cape Chelyuskin in a heavy snowstorm on the ship Fram.

Currently, the station is called a radio meteorological center, where from 8 to 10 people spend the winter. A number of residential buildings and scientific pavilions were built. Some buildings are abandoned and not in use. The northernmost airfield of continental Eurasia, “Cape Chelyuskin,” is also located here, which is serviced by the Khatanga United Aviation Enterprise. All that remains of the airfield is a helipad, maintained by the military.

In 1932, a polar station was established on the cape, to which an observatory was later added. Now the station has been transferred to meteorological status. About 10 people constantly spend the winter there. Communication with the mainland and civilization is provided by the Cape Chelyuskin airfield with a helipad.

And one more island point: Cape Fligeli on Rudolf Island in the Franz Josef Land archipelago is located even further north - 81° 49" N, the distance from Cape Fligeli to the North Pole is only 900 km.

Rudolf Island is the northernmost of the Franz Josef Land islands. Cape Fligeli on the island is the northernmost point of land belonging to the Russian Federation, at the same time the northernmost point of Europe. The island administratively belongs to the Arkhangelsk region. Area 297 km². Almost completely covered by a glacier.

The island, like the entire Franz Josef Archipelago, was discovered in 1873 by the Austro-Hungarian expedition of explorer J. Payer, and was named after Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria. In 1936, the base of the first Soviet air expedition to North Pole. From there, in May 1937, four heavy four-engine ANT-6 aircraft brought the Papaninites to the top of the world.

The meteorological station on Rudolf Island was opened in August 1932 as part of the Second International Polar Year program. For the first winter, 4 people remained, led by N.F. Balabin. A year later, the station was mothballed, and work continued again in the summer of 1936. Initially, the station was equipped as a base for the 1937 air expedition to the North Pole. Airfields were equipped near the station and on the ice dome of the island. In the period from April 1942 to 1947, it was again mothballed. The last period of work was 1947-1995.

Southernmost point

According to the first version, the extreme southern point is located southwest of Mount Bazardyuzyu in the eastern part of the Main, or Watershed, ridge of the Greater Caucasus, on the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. The latitude of the point is 41° 11" N. The distance between the extreme northern and southern points exceeds 40° along the meridian, and the northern continental point is 36.5° away from the southern one. This is just over 4 thousand km.

All reference books indicate that Bazardyuzyu (4,466 m*) is the highest of the mountain peaks of the Republic of Dagestan and neighboring Azerbaijan. 41°13′16″ n. w. 47°51′29″ E. d.

However, there is another version: The extreme southern bend of the border between the Russian Federation and Azerbaijan is located several kilometers southwest of the Bazardyuzyu peak. Closer to the southern point of Russia is Mount Ragdan (41°12" N). And the village of Kurush is the southernmost populated area....

The peak on the left is Bazarduzu, on the right is Ragdan

The Usukhchaya Valley is unique in terms of possessing the epithets “most”, “most”, “most”. Here is the easternmost glacier of Dagestan - Tikhitsar. And the southernmost glacier of Dagestan and Russia, Charyn, also lies in the river basin. Next to the Charyn glacier rises Mount Ragdan, the southernmost point of the Russian Federation. One of the longest and highest rock walls of the Caucasus is the Western Wall of Erydag - the pride of our wall climbers. Finally, the highest peak of Dagestan - Bazarduzi (4466 m) is also adjacent to the Usukhchaya valley. One more natural phenomenon of the valley can be noted. From the ridge of Erydag, the Charaur waterfall, the highest in Dagestan, falls to a depth of 300 meters.

Closer to the southern point of Russia is Mount Ragdan (41°12" N), but it can only be found on large-scale maps.

This extent of the territory from north to south, combined with the latitudinal position, determines the uneven supply of heat to the surface of the country and the formation within its borders of three climatic zones(arctic, subarctic and temperate) and ten natural zones (from arctic deserts to the deserts temperate zone). The main part of Russia's territory is located between 70 and 50° N. latitude. About 20% of the territory lies beyond the Arctic Circle. The area of ​​the Northern regions is 10 million km2; in this respect, only Canada can serve as an analogue.

Westernmost point

The extreme western point of Russia is located in the Kaliningrad region on the sandy Baltic spit of the Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea at 19° 38" 30" east. But due to the fact that the Kaliningrad region is separated from the rest of Russia by the territory of other states and is an enclave, the extreme western point has turned into a kind of “island” point.

They also call the western point of the compact part of Russia, that is, without taking into account the Kaliningrad region, - in the Pskov region, just north of the junction of the borders of Estonia, Latvia and Russia (27 ° 17 "E).

Easternmost point

The easternmost point of Russia on the mainland is located at Cape Dezhnev (169° 40" W) - Ratmanov Island in the Bering Strait is located even further east - 169° 02" W.

Cape Dezhnev, one of the most brutal places on the Chukotka Peninsula. Here the rocks are piled one on top of the other, there is often fog and a piercing wind constantly blows. From this point to the extreme western point of America - Cape Prince of Wales - 86 kilometers.

Despite the remoteness from civilization, these places have attractions. The lighthouse named after Semyon Dezhnev and an ancient cross installed nearby, an abandoned whaling village of the 18th-20th centuries - Naukan (it was disbanded under Soviet rule). However, those who climb to these regions come to see the unique fauna: there are countless bird colonies here, there is a walrus and seal rookery, and in the spring you can see polar bears with cubs. Sometimes killer whales and gray whales swim very close to the shore.

Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev in 1648 circumnavigated the Chukotka Peninsula from the north and proved that it was possible to get from Europe to China through the northern seas. He passed through the strait separating America from Eurasia 80 years earlier than Vitus Bering, but little was known about Russian pioneers in the Old World. Therefore, the glory went to Bering.
However, in 1879, restoring justice, the Swedish Arctic explorer Nils Nordenskiöld named the extreme eastern point of Eurasia - Cape Dezhnev, after the Russian navigator. Until this time, the cape was called Vostochny.

How to get there: the nearest village of Uelen is located 10 kilometers from Cape Dezhnev, and the nearest airport is in Provideniya Bay, where planes fly from Anadyr.

Ratmanova Island has irregular shape(approximately 9 km long, 5 km wide) and an area of ​​about 10 square meters. km; It's practically a large rock with a flat top. Just 4 km 160 m away is Kruzenshtern Island (formerly Little Diomede), with an area of ​​about 5 square meters. km, which belongs to the USA. There is also Fairway Rock. The name Diomede was given to this archipelago by Vitus Bering, who approached the large island on the boat “Saint Gabriel” on August 16, 1728, the day of Saint Diomede. But even before this name, Ratmanov Island already had a name - Imaklik (translated from Eskimo - “surrounded by water”), which was given to it by the Eskimos who lived on it for more than two thousand years. By the way, the Eskimos called Krusenstern Island (formerly Little Diomede) Ingalik, which means “opposite”.

The story of the island being named after Ratmanov is as follows. In 1816, the famous navigator Otto Kotzebue, while exploring the Bering Strait, mistakenly counted not three islands in the Diomede archipelago (as had been shown on the map since 1732), but four islands. He decided to give the “newly discovered” island the name of his colleague - naval officer Makar Ratmanov, with whom he took part in round the world expedition a few years earlier. When the error was discovered, they decided to leave Ratmanov’s name on the map, and from the middle of the 19th century, Big Diomede changed its name.

Western (large) - Ratmanov Island

The island is like a gable roof, with an extensive, gentler northern slope. From south to north, as if bending it in the middle, a river with marshy banks flows, and closer to the raised edges scatterings of bare stones and bizarre outcrops begin. The southern slope is smaller, but steeper. The remains on it are more numerous and the steep banks are higher. The junction of both slopes forms a small ridge, the highest point of which is called Roof Mountain. The island occupies a key position on the border between Asia and North America and two oceans - the Pacific and the Arctic. It overlooks a huge water area. For tens of kilometers to the west, north and east, it is easy to trace the movements of marine animals and the flights of birds.

The islands were inhabited by brave Inupik Eskimo sailors. Barter trade between Asian and American Eskimos took place through them; they were at the center of all events in the Northern Bering Sea and, creating their own culture, adopted a lot from the cultural traditions that already existed on both continents. In 1948, with the beginning cold war between the USSR and the USA, the inhabitants of the island were resettled to the mainland.

Now there is a Russian border outpost on Ratmanov Island. On Krusenstern Island there is a village with a population of 600 people. The Russian-American border, as well as the international date line, runs between these islands. Getting to Ratmanov Island is not just difficult, but extremely difficult. And not only because this is actually a state border, but also because weather conditions- 300 days a year the island is shrouded in thick fog. The shortest route: from Anadyr by helicopter via St. Lawrence. But this is only after receiving permission from the SVRPU. But it's worth it!

The distance between the western and eastern outskirts of Russia is 171° 20" or almost 10 thousand km. With the enormous extent of the territory from west to east, the degree of continental climate changes, which entails the manifestation of sectoral changes in nature. There are 10 time zones within the Russian Federation .
The highest point in Russia is Mount Elbrus (5642 m), located in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic on the border with the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Least absolute altitude noted in the Caspian depression (-28 m).

So we walked around our Motherland Russia :-)

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