Compiling a digest in the library. Digests: recommendations for compilation1. New explanatory and word-formative dictionary of the Russian language, T. F. Efremova

Reading time: 4 minutes

Digest newsletters are always a large amount of information that needs to be collected in a readable form and presented to the subscriber with a finished product. Digests inform readers about new news and help increase traffic to the site.

When creating a digest, it is important to remember 3 things:

1. Content hierarchy.
2. Balance between pictures and text.
3. Navigation.

Before you rush to create a template, sit down calmly and analyze the content that you will place in the letter. Will it be just headlines, headlines plus a short description, or a detailed news announcement.

There are several ways to design digests, let's look at each of them:

1. Picture + text in one column

Pros: each news is allocated enough space, you can see the accompanying photo/illustration, you can add additional text after the picture. Good format for viewing on mobile phones.

Cons: with a large amount of news, few subscribers have the patience to scroll to the end of the letter.

When to use: when there are beautiful photos/illustrations that reveal the topic of the headline, when you want to reveal the topic of the news with a detailed announcement.

News digest InvisionApp I chose the “image+text” path. Large, interesting pictures, well-placed content, but after the third scroll down, attention and interest begin to disappear.

Portal vc.ru placed a large picture at the beginning and added “social proff” in the form of the number of likes and comments.

1. Picture + text in 2-3 columns

Pros: the information is compact and easy to read.

Cons: if you make a non-responsive layout, then headings and text may be difficult to read on a mobile screen, especially if the layout has a 3-column layout.

When to use: The ideal combination for this layout is image + headline.

The creators of the newsletter followed the same design path.

For some news, they use gifs instead of static pictures, and you immediately want to click on the news that has a moving picture. But we must remember that if you make all the news animated, then attention will immediately dissipate and such a newsletter will be of little use. In everything you need to know when to stop.

1. Images

Pros: you can arrange the content in an interesting way, it attracts attention well.

Cons: if a subscriber has any problems with displaying pictures, then your newsletter will remain unread. Spam filters do not like letters consisting only of images - you may end up in spam.

When to use: when there are visual pictures and you want to focus on them.

1. Text

Pros: The template is easy to assemble, and the text will always load and display.

Cons: a large amount of text is difficult to comprehend. Think about whether your target audience would appreciate this approach? If yes, then take care of readability: break it into paragraphs and highlight the main thing.

When to use: when there is no time to do something global, but it needs to be done. You can also make the digest look like personal correspondence.

Example of a text message - , where once a week the editor summarizes the results and embeds links to articles in the text. At the end there are pictures and links to popular articles, but the emphasis is on the text and personal opinion of the editor-in-chief.

Sometimes you can experiment and send a newsletter in verse, as I did (but keep yourself within limits!)

1. Mixed

Pros: you can put emphasis on more important news, it’s more interesting to read due to different types of blocks.

Cons: if the different blocks are poorly arranged, then your eyes will wander.

When to use: when you have the strength, time and designer)

Lifehacker uses a picture for the main news, the rest of the information is only headlines.

Our colleagues from the office in Riga also compile a selection of blog articles for the month. Each news has its own “card”, the largest picture is the most important or interesting news.

Each type of digest has its pros and cons, the main thing is to understand what exactly suits your goals and go ahead! If you need professional help, write to We will help, advise, guide you on the right path)

Hello, dear readers of the blog site. I would like to continue the “analysis” of a number of concepts that we often encounter not only on the Internet, but also in everyday life (in conversations, on TV, in newspapers). A little earlier, we already touched upon such “layers of the unknown” as , (there is so much in this word...), and others.

Today we have the word digest on our turn. Let's talk, naturally, about what it is, and also consider what Russian word can replace it, how relevant this concept is today and how digests influence our perception of the world and ability to think (independently). I hope it will be interesting.

What is a digest?

This word, as you understand, is borrowed from another language, namely English (digest - collection, summary, summary, classification, digestion), but even there it came from an even more ancient means of explanation - Latin (digestum - extraction or generalization).

So what does the word digest mean?? You probably already understood from the translation of its English counterpart that this is a certain summary anything. A little higher, I promised to give the most accurate synonym from the Russian language. It seems to me that this word squeeze.

An immense amount of information accumulates in the world (sea, ocean). People sometimes don’t even have enough time to even superficially get acquainted with something that has newly appeared, and only a few are able to rake through the layers of history. That's why digests are very popular now.

But this is not only a milestone of our time. This word goes back all the way to the Roman Empire, when a huge number of scrolls with minutes of court hearings were extremely inconvenient for the local lawyers (lawyers and prosecutors) to use. First find the scroll, then unroll it, then read it detailed description process. Creepy.

That's when we decided to create the world's first digest(from those that have survived to our times). They created the Digesta, which summarized the contents of the most important scrolls. This document became the fundamental set of legal laws and cases. There were a lot of other examples of creating sets of brief summaries on certain (important at that time) topics (they were also called extracts), which also explains the meaning very well.

So, digest is a squeeze, extract from a large amount of information (books, a huge number of articles on the topic, news, periodicals and anything else). Why is this necessary? For many, it is more convenient to get acquainted with information (after all, you want to cover a larger volume, but at the same time there is no time for thoughtful study, etc.).

Moreover, this extract, as a rule, reflects the structure of the information presented in the source. Sometimes this is simply a list of ideas in the order in which they are presented in the source. For example, I have digests on the main topics of my blog - on, on, on.

A well-written digest not only replaces the original source, but also makes it clear to the person whether he should move on to the original or whether the facts presented (concentrated) are sufficient. True, people quite quickly begin to get used to “thinking with someone else’s head” and are content with a brief summary, being lazy to read the source and form their own opinion (after all, what is important for one may not be important for another).

You must understand that absolutely anyone the digest bears the imprint of the author’s individuality(a view of the world through the eyes of the compiler). After all, he not only shortens the source, but at the same time expresses his objective view of all “this disgrace.” Another compiler may note other facts and ideas, considering them as the main thing (placing other accents and choosing other reference points).

Types of digests

Digests come in several types:

Pros and cons of digests

They certainly save us time and allow us to cover a much larger volume of information, which is especially important in our computer age. It's full now mobile applications, offering to “gallop across Europe” and keep your finger on the pulse of literally everything.

On the other hand, a summary is not a source. Essentially, you begin to see everything the way the digest writer sees it. At the same time, you quickly get used to the “accessible presentation” of information and essentially stop thinking. How is that eat mush chewed by someone all the time and lose the skill of consuming normal food.

Agree that reading “War and Peace” is not the same as reading its summary. Actually, in the rest of the area of ​​application of digests, this statement will also be true. They are useful, but in moderation and a priori () they cannot replace the source.

Good luck to you! See you soon on the pages of the blog site

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Digest as a form of providing information in various areas of social and scientific communications

State Public Scientific and Technical Library SB RAS (Novosibirsk)

annotation

Today, the digest, as a form of providing the user with heterogeneous information in a convenient form, is a common information product.

First of all, the report examines the types of digests that exist on the Internet. Separately, digests produced by libraries, their structure and purpose are considered, in particular, the experience of issuing a press digest by the Department of the State Public Library for Science and Technology of the SB RAS is described.

Today the digest is a popular information product. “Historically, the digest arose and was formed as an information genre of a utilitarian nature, the purpose of which was to extract from primary sources only such objective (from the reader’s point of view) information that was needed for a certain matter. ... In the broad sense of the word, a digest can be defined as a kind of “directory” of a source - a serial index of the location of the main facts and ideas in the source. ... The digest replaces the original source precisely because it highlights the facts and ideas contained in it, removing the shell of the author’s individuality from them, making them public property. The compiler of the digest, therefore, not only reduces the source, but objectifies its content.” It was the function of objectifying sources that underlay the most famous digests of antiquity and the Middle Ages today.

Latin word digestum(plural - digesta) meant “extraction, generalization”, from the verb digerere- distribute, arrange in order, describe, systematize, perceive, assimilate.

IN Ancient Rome“Digests” were collections of systematically arranged brief extracts from laws and writings of lawyers. Most famous example- Justinian's Digests, a body of Roman law created in the 6th century AD. e. in Byzantium under Emperor Justinian. Essentially, these were brief extracts of the main facts and ideas contained in the manuscripts.

In the 14th century, the word digest appears in English, where it also takes on the meaning of “reference book, compendium; list, directory; understand, perceive, process information"

There are quite a few definitions of the concept of “digest”, among which 4 main ones can be distinguished:

1) A type of magazine (periodical), reprinting materials from other publications, usually in an abbreviated and/or simplified form.

2) Short review periodicals.

3) A publication containing an adapted (brief) summary of the content of works of fiction.

4) A selection of excerpts, fragments of texts of many documents (quotes, excerpts, abstracts) from various sources on a specific topic.

Thus, the concept of digest can be formulated as a means of obtaining and assimilating ordered information, usually from different sources.

Existing in this moment Digest forms can be divided into four main groups:

1. Printed digests.

2. Electronic digests (like printed versions)

3. Internet digests (i.e., having no paper counterparts)

4. TV - video and radio digests.

Internet digests

Currently, there are a huge number of digests on the Internet intended for the widest target audience. First of all, these are various press digests, including publication digests, and thematic digests. Among the most significant online press digests are the following:

InoPressa: Foreign press about Russia and beyond (www. *****)

InoPressa Digest - project information portal- represents translations into Russian of the most interesting and socially significant publications from the daily and weekly foreign press. Translations are made from nine languages ​​(English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Japanese, Chinese, Arabic, Hebrew) and are provided with a link to the original text. The digest covers about 50 major Western publications, articles are presented in the form of detailed abstracts. The site is updated throughout the day. Articles can be sorted by date, by source or by section, and you can also search the site.

inomedia.En: Everything that is worthy of translation

Internet project InoSMI. Ru (*****) also specializes in translating the most noteworthy materials from foreign media into Russian. About 600 foreign publications are viewed daily, with a total of about 1,300 publications in the database in 38 languages. Each translation is provided with a link to the original text. Unlike *****, translations of articles are presented in full.

"Giant Digest" FastFlip

More often, libraries publish digests in traditional printed form. This can be a continuing publication (frequency of release - from 2 times a month to 1 time a year). Thematic digests or dedicated to an event are also published. In the first case, literature for a short period of time (1-3 years) is used; in the other two cases, literature for a long period of time may be included in the digest.

The depth of information collapsing can also be different. The text of the original source can be included in the digest either in full or in the form of fragments or an abstract. It depends on the significance of the material and the depth of coverage of the problem. The choice of topic is determined by such factors as the significance and relevance of the topic, the competence and authority of the author, the novelty of the approach, increased demand among readers, and information support for certain areas of the library’s work.

The structure of the digest is mostly standard and looks like this:

Title page

Preface

Main text

List of used literature

Appendix (illustrative material)

However, this list is not immutable - the digest may not have a table of contents, appendices, or even a list of references.

Main distribution options:

3) distribution at information and cultural events

The printed digest may have an electronic version, which is posted on the library website or sent out by e-mail. Such digests generally retain the printed form and can be presented as separate files in MS Word or pdf format, or in html format with hyperlinks to facilitate orientation in the text.

Cases when a digest does not have a printed prototype and exists exclusively in virtual form are still rare. Such digests are called virtual or Internet digests. Since 1999, the Research Center "Informculture" of the Russian State Library has been publishing a quarterly digest "Library in the Age of Change", which also exists in in electronic format. The contents and annotations of articles are posted on the website in the public domain, Informkultura subscribers can download full texts. And here is the monthly electronic supplement to the digest - “ Information society and culture" - exists only on the Internet.

Another information product of the Research Center "Informculture" is the electronic Internet digest "Region - Culture". The digest is published once a week and is devoted to cultural issues in a vast space “outside the capitals.” The user is provided with a visual search interface that allows instant selection of documents by topic, region of Russia and proper names contained in the texts of the issue. Archived editions are also available. All published texts are prepared using XML technology. In response to a completed request, a short signal message is issued - a short summary, an announcement, a quote, an expanded title. If the signal message is of interest to the user, he can receive a secondary document prepared by Information Culture analysts, or go to the site on which the original text was published.

Since 2000, the Branch of the State Public Library for Science and Technology of the SB RAS has been publishing a monthly press digest on problems of Russian science “RAN. SB RAS. Siberia". It is intended to inform members of the Presidium of the SB RAS, members of the SB RAS in Moscow, directors of institutes of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center, and employees of the Presidium about publications in periodicals on scientific issues and related problems.

The main sections of the digest: science, education, natural resources, ecology, the economy of Siberia and Russia as a whole. At the end of the issue there is a table of contents of general scientific Russian magazines, available in the fund of the State Public Library for Science and Technology, as they become available.

To section "The science. General issues» publications are published on issues of academic, university, and industrial Russian science in general, with the exception of the SB RAS. Articles about problems of foreign science can be selectively selected.

"SB RAS". This is the main section of the digest, containing articles on all areas of scientific development and various aspects of the activities of scientific centers of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. This includes publications by leading scientists of the SB RAS on current problems science in general and Siberian science in particular, articles about the scientific achievements of the institutes of the Siberian Branch, new discoveries and developments. At the end of the section, the table of contents of the newspaper “Science in Siberia” for this period is given.

"Education". Here you can find information about the problems of higher education, about the anniversaries of Siberian and leading metropolitan universities, information about personalized scholarships, etc. The section also includes articles on global problems high school

"Siberia". This section contains publications on economic, scientific, technical, demographic problems of cities included in the Siberian Federal District, as well as information on the work of the interregional association for economic interaction “Siberian Agreement”, the Council of the Siberian Federal District, reports on visits of Russian politicians and foreign delegations .

« Natural resources. Energy". This includes articles about all the resources of Siberia, global energy issues in Siberia and Russia as a whole.

The selection of material for the section proceeds similarly. "Sustainabledevelopment. Ecology", which contains information about water problems in Siberia (rivers, lakes, drinking water), environmental pollution, and life safety.

Chapter "Russia" contains publications of leading scientists on economic and demographic problems of Russian development, social problems population.

One of the sections of the digest, “Foreign Press”, has also been published in electronic form since 1998 under the title “Russian Science and the World” and is freely available on the Department’s website (http://www. prometeus. *****/ science/scidig/). The source used exclusively is the Internet - sites of socio-political and scientific newspapers, magazines, news agencies, news Google service News, EurekAlert, Futura Science, PhysOrg, Cordis.

The electronic version retains the structure of the printed version, but may differ from it in the number of articles.

The entire volume of materials is divided by year and month. Each issue consists of a table of contents and articles, accompanied by a brief summary in Russian. The source of information and the date of publication on the Internet are also indicated. On average there are 10-12 articles per issue.

Currently, work is underway to create an electronic version of the main part of the digest. These are scanned pages of the main sections of the printed publication layout. Materials are presented in Djvu format. The search is carried out by author, word from the title, date of publication, keywords.

Thus, the digest as a form of providing information is used very widely - in the scientific, educational, and entertainment fields. Digests are published as separate publications, supplements to periodicals, and sections in magazines. The creation of digests is not limited only to the traditional, printed form - there are virtual, audio and video digests.

A digest is useful when the information the user needs is scattered throughout a large number sources, but there are no generalizing monographic publications. In this case, the digest can, for example, play the role of a teaching aid for students.

Libraries issue digests mainly in printed form, in addition to which they can create electronic version, which is sent out by email or posted on the library website. Unfortunately, there is often no possibility of a full text search. This is especially true when digests are published regularly and often - it is quite difficult to look through 50-100 issues in search of the necessary information.

Few libraries currently produce virtual digests with a user-friendly search interface. One of the possible ways of developing library digests is possible in this direction.

Bibliography:

1. Blumenau analysis/synthesis for the formation of secondary documents. - St. Petersburg: Profession, 20 p.

2. Vakhrameev as a product of information activity /, // BibliosphereN 2. - P. 49-53.

3. Lapshov - library - a tool for understanding business for a person // Theory and practice of social scientific information, Issue 10. - P.148-155.

4. Lapshov - abstract - a new child of ancient bibliography // Bibliography74). - pp. 25-29.

5. Zygmantovich bibliographic production by libraries: scientific and practical. allowance. - Minsk: New knowledge, 20 p.

6. Smirnova for specialists // BibliotekaN 1. - pp. 64-65.

7. Smirnova, we are preparing an interdisciplinary digest // BibliotekaN 3. - pp. 62-63.

8. Pertsovskaya-express “Information Society and Culture” // World of BibliographyN 2. - P. 77-78.

In modern sources the term "digest"" are defined differently:

1.« periodical, printing (usually in abbreviation) materials from other publications; a brief summary of a work of art"; “a short, condensed statement of any information, messages, etc.»;

2. Digest (from Latin digest -summary ) are fragments of texts of many documents (quotes, excerpts, summaries, less often abstracts), selected on a specific topic that is not covered by generalizing publications, and are in the sphere of interests of real or potential readers.

Main function of digest– convey to the reader only the main ideas and facts contained in the source. Digests can contain analytical reviews, statistical data, fragments of publication texts, official and regulatory documents selected on a specific topic, etc. Each fragment extracted from the text is accompanied by a link to a description of the document as a whole.

Digests are characterized by: narrowness of the topic, differences in aspects of the problem, discrepancy between the points of view of various authors, etc. When selecting material, both book and periodical publications and Internet publications are reviewed.

Form of presentation of material in the form of a digest timely and relevant. It allows you to get acquainted with both the latest innovations in the topic being studied and an array of documents with a minimum amount of time.

Purpose: Digests are created when new directions in research and development arise on current problems of science and social life, with increased and sustained interest of various user groups, but there is no generalizing work.

Achieving this goal requires solving the following tasks:

1.Familiarization with the contents of the primary document.

2. Identification of the main directions of the topic in the text of the document.

3.Selection in accordance with a given list of topics required for inclusion in the digest;

4. Compilation of a digest based on selected fragments from the text of the primary document.

Digest structure

The digest structure is as follows:

1. Title page.

3.Preface (from the compiler) or appeal (to the readers).

4.The main text, usually divided into sections and subsections.

5. List of used literature.

6. Applications.

In our case The digest structure looks like this:

Title of the book (including year of publication and a short history writing)

The key theme of the book and its main sections

Main ideas (thesis, provisions)

Brief summary of one of the chapters (paragraphs)

What new have you learned? (Factual material: numbers, data, experiments)

Possible practical applications

3.Appendices: Illustrative material

(optional), dictionary of basic terms (if necessary)

Information conversion methods

IN quality main method used extraction, those. extracting the most semantically valuable quotes from the document. Also, when compiling digests, the normalized folding technique is used, as a result of which the physical volume of the document changes, but its information content does not decrease.

STEPS OF DIGEST COMPILATION

Preparatory stage

1. Development of a prospectus plan

Plan-prospect- the main document defining the directions of work on the digest. Plan-prospect necessary to present the future edition clearly and clearly. See all mistakes in a timely manner and eliminate them. The prospectus outlines detailed content future digest. Unlike a digest, information is presented briefly, following the sequence of the main publication. In it, as well as in the main edition, there are several stages. The prospectus plan is a miniature of the main publication. Helps organize future work effectively and efficiently.

The main task of the initial stage- establishing the target and readership. To do this, you must perform the following operations:

1.1. Set the target (for what) and reader (for whom) purpose of the future digest. There are different approaches to classifying readers. You can proceed from their age, general education or special training. Particularly interesting is the structure based on The professional activities of readers and their official status are determined.

Main groups of consumers of bibliographic information:

1.Managers of all ranks. The higher the rank of a manager, the more versatile his information needs. Their formation is affected by the cultural and economic profile of the region and the administrative position of the leader. The manager, having a certain basic training, shows great professional interest in information in his specialty.

2.Specialists employed in various sectors of the national economy, sciences, cultures, doctors, economists, teachers, agronomists, livestock specialists, etc.

3.Entrepreneurs. Each of them is interested in information about the market, pricing, taxes, duties, etc.

4.Students higher and secondary specialized educational institutions, students of vocational schools and secondary schools.

Target and reader address is formed quite specifically: one should avoid such vague definitions as “the manual is intended for a wide circle of readers”, “the manual will be useful to everyone who is interested in the past and present of their native land.” An attempt to prepare a manual that would simultaneously pursue the goal of helping science and “everyone interested in this problem” is erroneous.

In addition to the main one, other groups of readers are indicated who may benefit from the information contained in the manual.

1.2.Choose and study a topic. The topic is studied from the point of view of novelty, relevance, reader interest in it, and the availability of literature. It must be socially significant and meet the real and potential needs of library users. The writer needs to understand the main issue related to the topic. The topic can be considered from all or some angles, whether or not to include adjacent branches of knowledge, and the issue can be considered only from a theoretical, practical or historical perspective.

Exchange of experience

UDC 655.4+001: 002.56 BBK 76.17 + 73

DIGEST AS A PRODUCT OF INFORMATION ACTIVITY © Z.V. Vakhrameeva, I.V. Kurbangaleeva, 2008

Branch of the State Public Scientific and Technical Library of the Siberian Branch Russian Academy Sciences 630090, Novosibirsk, Akademika M.A. Ave. Lavrentieva, 6

The experience of the Department of the State Public Library for Science and Technology of the SB RAS in the preparation of the “Press Digest on the problems of Russian science” is described.

Key words: digest, State Public Library for Science and Technology of the SB RAS, information support.

Theoretical and methodological foundations for preparing digests

The most profound and well-reasoned history of the formation of the digest genre1 was shown by B.A. Lapshov in his article “The Digest Library is a tool of understanding for a man of business.” This is what he writes in this work:

1 Digest (English digest - summary): 1) a type of magazine that reprints materials from other publications in an abbreviated and, as a rule, simplified form; 2) a mass publication containing a brief adapted summary of popular works of fiction (New encyclopedic Dictionary. - M.: Bolshaya ros. encycl. : RIPOL classic, 2004. - P. 308).

Digest - (English digest - summary) a periodical publication that reprints materials from other publications in an abbreviated form. Weekly d. || About a television or radio program that repeats the most interesting recordings with a common theme. Musical, sports school (Modern Dictionary Russian language / Ch. ed. S. A. Kuznetsov. -SPb. : Norint, 2004. - P. 147).

Digest is a publication or its section, which concisely sets out the content of publications of many periodicals in order to give an idea of ​​all the most interesting things that have found a place in the press over a certain period (Library Encyclopedia / Russian State Library - M.: Pashkov house, 2007. - P. 337).

Digest summary is a method of compressed presentation of the source text, customized to the characteristics of an individual cognitive activity in order to increase its efficiency (Vershinina, G.N. Study of IFRS: digest summary: prep. / G.N. Vershinina, D.V. Vershinin, M.V. Lychagin. - Novosibirsk: IEOPP SB RAS: SibUPK, 2005 - P. 6).

Digest - definitions on the Internet:

A publication that condenses the content of the most interesting publications for a certain period (www.classm.ru/dictionary/);

1) a cheap book containing a brief, adapted summary of the text of any content; 2) a summary review of periodicals or other printed publications (rifma.com.ru/ Lito-11 .htm), etc.

“Historically, the digest arose and was formed as an information genre of a utilitarian nature, the purpose of which was to extract from primary sources only such objective (from the reader’s point of view) information that was needed for a certain matter.

Suffice it to recall, for example, that one of the early Christian theologians, Tertullian, called the Gospel of Luke “Digestum Luke,” as if emphasizing that Luke was not an eyewitness, but only a companion of the apostles, who summarized the stories about Jesus to preach the teachings of Christ.

Another example is the “Digests” of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian - a collection of extracts from the works of famous Roman jurists who compiled his “Code”, which later formed the basis of European jurisprudence.

In the late Middle Ages, the digest genre was widely used by the church in compiling short versions of the lives of saints, various kinds of chronographs and other educational literature. Apparently, two main forms arose from here scientific digest New times - extracts and abstracts.

Extracts, i.e. short summaries of the main facts and ideas of a source, were used primarily in individually. Thus, it is known, for example, that Charles Darwin had a whole library of his own extracts from the books he read.

In the USSR, the original purpose of the digest was perhaps best met by the abstracts of foreign sources that became widely widespread among Soviet social scientists, largely replacing “Western” humanities literature, which was inaccessible to them due to the language barrier and ideological prohibitions.

With the onset of perestroika and the subsequent transition of Russia to the implementation of large-scale economic and political reform, the need for knowledge about modern market and the practice of advanced democracies has increased sharply. ...The urgent need to receive, albeit secondary, but reliable information, so to speak, “first-hand,” could not help but revive the digest in its most ancient utilitarian form, originally intended for anyone who could read.”

B.A. Lapshov introduces the term “digest summary” (from the Latin “conspectus” - review, review, essay), calling it a new type of old information genre. What it has in common with the classic digest is, first of all, the utilitarian nature of its function - to convey to the reader only the main facts and ideas contained in the source. What is new for our time in the digest summary is that, unlike the annotation, “abstract” and scientific abstract, intended for a specialist, it is designed specifically for a non-specialist, for a reader who does not know special terminology and does not have the skill of reading thick “scientific” » books, but feeling the need to obtain information in a particular field of knowledge from a specific source.

Currently, the digest is considered as one of the forms of collapsing information, a type of its analytical and synthetic processing. In libraries, the digest is used in the field of factual services, and its function, like references, tables, articles in reference books and encyclopedias, abstracts, synopses, abstract reviews, is to guide information consumers in the information flow, the most accurate reflection of the facto-conceptographic content of primary documents.

Currently, there are a huge number of digests on the Internet intended for the widest target audience. First of all, these are various press digests focused on a specific topic: economic, political, cultural, sports, music, etc. There are many event digests that also have a thematic principle for selecting information. There are digests of documents, primarily regulatory and legislative. Digest newsletters appeared.

When compiling digests, the normalized folding technique is used, as a result of which the physical volume of the document changes, but its information content does not decrease. The main method used is extraction, i.e., extracting the most semantically valuable quotes from a document. The development of information technology has made it possible to create digests in electronic form.

The procedure for compiling digests can be described as a sequence of the following steps:

1. Mandatory clarification of the user request.

2. Its semantic deployment and presentation in the form of an open (i.e., complementable) local faceted (multi-aspect) rubricator.

3. Identification of information, during which this rubricator is used as a search prescription.

4. Selecting the roll depth. Depending on the significance of the material found, its relevance to the topic of the request, the completeness of its coverage of the problem of interest to the user, the digest may reflect both the text of the original source in full and its fragments, as well as an abstract or mention (link) of the source.

5. Extraction process (extracting text fragments).

6. Abstracting.

7. Grouping of material.

8. Compilation of auxiliary apparatus (table of contents, tables, etc.).

In its final form, the digest is a secondary document, built on the basis of numerous primary ones (a list of which is necessarily attached), but in the logic of the user, not the authors of the messages, and with a degree of detail corresponding to the needs of the reader.

Digest consumers can be:

1. Managers of all ranks. The higher the rank of a manager, the more versatile his information needs. Their formation is affected by the cultural and economic profile of the region and the administrative and official position of the leader. The manager, having a certain basic training, shows great professional interest in information in his specialty.

2. Specialists employed in various industries National economy, sciences, cultures, doctors, economists, teachers, agronomists, livestock specialists, etc.

3. Entrepreneurs. Each of them is interested in information about the market, pricing, taxes, duties, etc.

4. Students of higher and secondary specialized educational institutions, students of vocational schools and secondary schools.

The process of preparing and presenting information to managers various levels The department of science and technology stands out as an independent and very important direction in the sphere of information services.

Despite the genre variety of digests (“Digest of radio circuits”, “Digest of foreign and Russian real estate", "Reader's Digest", digest magazine "Farmer", "Technological Digest", etc.), their structure fits within a certain framework. This primarily applies to digests published in printed form.

The digest structure is as follows:

1. Title page.

3. Preface (from the compiler).

4. The main text, usually divided into sections and subsections.

5. List of used literature.

6. Applications.

Experience in creating a press digest topical issues Russian science in the Department of State Public Library for Science and Technology SB RAS

The State Public Scientific and Technical Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SPNTL SB RAS) has experience in creating digests of various types. Thus, since 1993, the library has published the “Business Review” digest, intended for prompt information on current news in the field of business economic information. It was compiled on the basis of review, selection and analysis of a wide range of sources of scientific, technical, economic, market and commercial information and a significant repertoire of periodicals received by the State Public Library for Science and Technology of the SB RAS. The digest was distributed by subscription to libraries, enterprises, organizations and individual subscribers.

Another digest - “Press Digest on Problems of Russian Science” - since 2000, by order of the Presidium of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, has been published by the Department of the State Public Library for Science and Technology of the SB RAS. It is intended to inform members of the Presidium of the SB RAS, members of the SB RAS in Moscow, directors of institutes of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center, and employees of the Presidium about publications in periodicals on scientific issues and related problems.

The main sections of the digest: science (general issues), SB RAS, education, Siberia, natural resources, energy, ecology, the economy of Siberia and Russia as a whole, foreign press about Russian science. At the end of the issue, tables of contents of general scientific Russian journals available in the collections of the State Public Library for Science and Technology are given, as they become available.

In the “Science” section. General Issues" contains publications on issues of academic, university, and industrial Russian science in general, with the exception of publications of the SB RAS. Articles about problems of foreign science can be selectively selected; information about the anniversaries of outstanding scientists is also included.

Articles about specific achievements and problems of branch sciences are placed in the corresponding subsections: physics, biology (genetics), space, computer technology, archeology, paleontology, etc., depending on the availability of material. The “Medicine” subsection provides information about new advanced treatment technologies, the creation of new medicines, interesting recommendations for maintaining and promoting health.

"SB RAS". This is the main section of the digest, containing articles on all areas of scientific development and various aspects of the activities of scientific centers of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Here

publications of leading scientists of the SB RAS on current problems of science in general and Siberian science in particular, articles on the scientific achievements of the institutes of the Siberian Branch, new discoveries and developments are included. It also provides information about the anniversaries of famous scientists of the SB RAS, published in central and local periodicals. Materials for the anniversaries of the founders of the SB RAS are allocated in a separate section and contain publications from all sources, including “Science in Siberia”. At the end of the section, the table of contents of the newspaper “Science in Siberia” for this period is given.

A special issue of the digest was prepared for the 50th anniversary of the SB RAS. It includes articles by outstanding scientists of the Siberian Branch for 1956-2007, reflecting the stages of formation and development of a unique scientific center (there is also an electronic version of this issue http://www.prometeus.nsc.ru/science/sbras50/index.ssi) , as well as publications about the SB RAS in the electronic foreign press for 1998-2007.

"Education". Find information about issues here higher education, about the anniversaries of Siberian and leading capital universities, information about personalized scholarships, etc. The section also includes articles on global problems high school (new system education, new programs, interesting information about Akademgorodok schools).

"Siberia". This section contains publications on economic, scientific, technical, demographic problems of cities included in the Siberian Federal District, as well as information on the work of the interregional association of economic interaction “Siberian Agreement”, the Council of the Siberian federal district, reports on visits of Russian politicians and foreign delegations.

"Natural resources. Energy". This includes articles about all the resources of Siberia, global energy issues in Siberia and Russia as a whole.

The selection of material for the section “Sustainable Development” proceeds similarly. Ecology", which contains information about water problems in Siberia (rivers, lakes, drinking water), environmental pollution, life safety.

The “Russia” section contains publications by leading scientists on economic and demographic problems of Russia’s development and social problems of the population.

The “Foreign Press” section includes articles from foreign (English- and French-language) publications devoted to the problems and achievements of modern Russian science, issues of international scientific cooperation, significant dates And historical events in the scientific life of Russia. Articles are given in the original language with a brief summary in Russian. Here is the room

The layout of the digest is prepared by employees of the State Public Library for Science and Technology (the technological process is presented in Appendix 1). Its average volume is 90-100 pages. The digest is published twice a month (the issue is timed to coincide with meetings of the Presidium of the SB RAS) and is distributed according to a list approved by the office of the Presidium.

To prepare the digest, a number of central and local newspapers are reviewed daily, including total about 40 items (Appendix 2). To avoid duplication of publications from different newspapers on the same topic, selection is carried out based on the significance of the newspaper (preference for central publications) and authorship.

Returning to the contents of the digest, it should be mentioned that one of its sections - “Foreign Press” exists not only in printed form, but also in electronic form. Materials for it are selected from various English-language (since 2004 also from French-language) sources posted on the Internet. Information is searched using keywords related to the concept of “Russian science”, for example “Russian scientists”, “Russian science”, “Russian researchers”, “scientifiques russes”, “Churcheurs russes”, etc. Particular attention is paid to current areas sciences (physics, energy, space, biomedicine, ecology), as well as related advanced technologies. Materials are collected on the Internet on socio-political and scientific journals, newspapers, news agencies. Some of the materials are selected from newsletter subscriptions from the English and French versions of the Google search engine.

After studying the websites of foreign news agencies, the most useful addresses and pages for preparing materials were identified. Specialized servers were found containing news in all areas of science and technology. Currently, the most interesting ones in terms of their capabilities and content of materials are Google News, EurekAlert, Alphagalileo, Innovations Report, Futura Science, PhysOrg, Cordis.

Information searches are also carried out directly on the websites of foreign newspapers: Washington Post, New York Times, Daily Telegraph, Jerusalem Post, Chicago Tribune, Le Monde, Libération. Registration on the newspaper's website is often required to conduct a search, and the search itself should be carried out regularly, since otherwise articles may no longer be provided for free. From this point of view, searching in databases is more convenient and requires less time.

It should be noted that the replenishment of information resources on the Internet occurs at a high

At such a pace, it can be difficult to find the necessary information in a huge information flow, but at the same time, this allows you to find more and more useful addresses.

The electronic version of the foreign part of the digest has been published on the website of the Branch of the State Public Library for Science and Technology of the SB RAS since February 1998 under the title “Russian Science and the World” http://www.prometeus.nsc. ru/science/scidig/. The electronic form is prepared simultaneously with the printed one, but is posted on the Department’s website once a month. As of December 2007, 119 issues in 197 files have been prepared. All material is divided by year and month. Each issue consists of a table of contents and articles, accompanied by a brief summary in Russian. The source of information and the date of publication of the article on the Internet are also indicated. On average there are 10-12 articles per issue.

The capabilities of information technology - the availability of electronic documents, the comparative ease of scanning texts, as well as the skills of creating a database, combined with the accumulated experience of bibliography - made it possible to move from compiling a digest in traditional form to creating its electronic version. This work began in 2007.

Since sections of the Russian and foreign press have different sources of information (in the first case, these are primarily printed publications, and in the second - electronic resources Internet), the technology for their preparation is different. Materials for the foreign part of the digest are collected on the Internet and compiled in Word, after which they are printed for layout; The electronic version is created entirely in HTML format. Materials from the Russian part initially exist only in in paper form(only recently did it begin to include materials from the Internet) and in a much larger volume, so the completed layout pages are scanned, processed in Adobe Photoshop and converted to the .djvu format in the Djvu Solo 3.1 program (which allows you to reduce the document size in kilobytes, and subsequently make it easier to navigate the digest).

To summarize, we can say that the experience of creating a press digest by the Department of the State Public Library for Science and Technology of the SB RAS is positive - the digest has been consistently published for more than 10 years, during which time its volume and circulation have increased significantly, and its design has improved. The press digest has proven itself well as one of the forms of DOR (differentiated management support), being an operational source of up-to-date information on the most important issues modern science, and its further development and improvement is seen in this direction.

Bibliography

1. Lapshov, B. A. Digest library - a tool for understanding business for a person // Theory and practice of social science. information - 1990. - Issue. 10. - pp. 148-155.

2. Blumenau, D. I. Information and information service. - L.: Nauka, 1989. - P. 180.

3. Blumenau, D. I. Information analysis/synthesis for the formation of secondary documents. - St. Petersburg. : Profession, 2002. - pp. 26-28.

4. Minkina, V. A. Finding what is deserved: reference and bibliographic services using network information resources // Information and bibliographic services: history and current state. - St. Petersburg, 2003. - Issue. 1. -S. 113-114.

5. Vasilchik, L. R. Digest in the business information system // Patent and market information in the conditions of market formation. - Novosibirsk, 1995. -S. 190-198.

Annex 1

Technological process preparation of the layout of the “Press Digest on Russian Science Problems”

1 Viewing newspapers and magazines, selecting materials, editing and systematizing the selected material

2 Photocopying

3 Creating an original layout

3.1 Trimming, prototyping, gluing

3.2 Working with Internet resources

3.2.1 Viewing and selection of materials

3.2.2 Creation of a short abstract of each article in Russian (translation from English and French) - for the section “Foreign Press”

3.2.3 Create a file and print in a specified format

3.2.4 Registration of the content of current issues of the newspaper “Science in Siberia” - file creation, formatting, printing

3.3 Final preparation of the issue for printing

3.3.1 Writing brief annotations articles for the table of contents of the issue

3.3.2 Computer dialing of table of contents

3.3.3 Title page design

Appendix 2

List of newspapers and magazines reviewed to select publications for the digest (repertoire for 2007)

Arguments and Facts

Business for everyone

Vedomosti

Gazette of the Novosibirsk Regional Council of Deputies