Spider web mushroom: photo and description of the family. The most beautiful cobweb is a deadly poisonous mushroom. Description and photo Harm and dangerous properties

Why this mushroom is called that is probably only clear to mycologists. The most beautiful cobweb is far from the most beautiful representative of the mushroom kingdom. Besides, he is very dangerous, and it is better to avoid him when meeting him. What does it look like and where does it grow?

The most beautiful cobweb (Cortinarius rubellus or Cortinarius speciosissimus), belonging to the family Cobweb, genus Cobweb, has another name - reddish cobweb. The common people used to call him also a marshman. This is a dangerous and poisonous lamellar mushroom.

• the cap is medium-sized, quite thick, with a diameter of 3 to 8 cm (in in some cases it grows up to 10 cm). Bell-shaped or conical in shape - in young fruiting bodies, and flattened-convex with a central tubercle, sharp or blunt - in adults. The surface is finely scaly and dry to the touch. The skin color is brown-red, orange-red, brown, depending greatly on climatic conditions and weather. The peculiarity of this web spider is the existence of two of its subspecies. The first has a cap with a darker center, from which concentric circles of a reddish hue radiate. Towards the edge of the cap its color becomes lighter. The second, on the contrary, has a lighter center, pinkish-red, and the concentric circles extending from it are of a darker color, but the edges are always lighter;
• the leg is dense, from 5 to 12 cm high, 5-15 mm thick. Cylindrical, sometimes thickens towards the lower part, forming a club-shaped base. The surface color is orange-brown; in the lower part of the leg there are ochre-colored rims - these are the remains of a bedspread. In mature mushrooms they are almost invisible. The surface is distinctly fibrous;
• the pulp is tasteless and yellow or orange in color. It has a radish smell, which in some cases may be absent;
• the plates are relatively dense, adherent to the stem. Their color ranges from orange to brown, and can be rusty brown in mature webworts;
• spores in the shape of a wide ellipse, almost spherical, warty. They have a rusty brown color.

Distribution and fruiting period

The beautiful spider web is common and quite common in northern regions With temperate climate. Widely known in Europe, in the north and central part of Russia. Grows in coniferous, mixed, swampy wet forests, often on acidic soils. Forms mycorrhiza with birch and spruce trees.

This type of spider plant bears fruit from the end of May until September. Found both in groups and alone.

Similar species

The beautiful spider web can be confused with the dangerous and poisonous mountain spider web ( Cortinarius orellanus). However, these two species can be distinguished by the rings on the leg - in the mountain, the remains of the bedspread in the form of red rims at the base are not visible. Yes, and it grows widely deciduous forests near beech and oak trees.

Also, the hero of our article can easily be confused by an inexperienced mushroom picker with the straight web spider (Cortinarius collinitus). It does not smell like radish and has a straight, light-colored stem. This is an edible mushroom, and therefore you need to be very careful when collecting - a mistake can cost you your health.

In general, it is important to note that almost all spider webs are easy to confuse with each other - they are very similar.

Virulence

The most beautiful web spider is deadly poisonous mushroom. It contains orellanins - substances that can cause irreversible changes in kidney tissue. They can lead to death, which sometimes overtakes a person 5 months after eating this type of spider web.

Orellanins act very slowly and gradually cause the development of renal failure. There are also other toxic compounds present in mushrooms - benzonine, cortinarine and others. Signs of cobweb poisoning appear only 3-14 days after eating mushrooms - thirst, burning and dry mouth. The person's condition is deteriorating very quickly. It is necessary to call doctors immediately.

Moreover, it is important to know that representatives of this species, even after thorough cooking or drying, still remain poisonous. And treatment after spider web poisoning sometimes lasts more than one month.

It is interesting that until the 60s of the 20th century, the beautiful cobweb was considered a completely harmless mushroom - it was eaten. But when a number of poisonings were registered in Poland (and some of them were fatal), scientists determined that it was this species that caused them. Therefore, when you meet him, just leave the “handsome guy” where he is.

We offer a description and photo of various types and varieties of spider webs - this information will help diversify the quiet forest hunting and make it more productive.

Look at the poisonous and edible spider web mushroom in the photo and try to find it in the forest during your next outing:

Spider web mushroom in the photo

Spider web mushroom in the photo

The mushroom is edible. Description of the spider web mushroom: white-violet: caps 3-10 cm, initially spherical, pale purple, then silvery or lavender, hemispherical with a tubercle, and finally open. The plates remain for a long time under a powerful cobwebby blanket connecting the edge of the cap to the stem. The plates are sparse, adherent to the teeth, initially gray-blue, rusty-ochre after the veil opens. The leg is 5-12 cm long, 1-2 cm long, white-violet or covered with white-violet cotton wool, widened at the bottom. The pulp is pale purple and has no unpleasant odor.

Spider web mushrooms are presented in photos and descriptions in various options, this will allow you to recognize them in the forest:

It grows very abundantly in lingonberries and blueberries, among mosses in meadows and on the edge of pine forests. Sometimes it appears in dry deciduous forest belts, where it is thicker and has a smoother surface.

His double is inedible spider web goat (Cortinarius traganus) differs from it in the presence of the smell of acetylene.

The white-purple cobweb is edible after preliminary boiling.

Let's consider other edible spider web mushrooms that grow in forests middle zone Russia. You need to be able to distinguish all edible spider web mushrooms with photos and descriptions from poisonous specimens, since they are mortal danger.

Bracelet web plant
The web spider is excellent

Bracelet web spider (Cortinarius armillatus)

Bracelet web plant grows in deciduous and coniferous forests

Cobweb bracelet in the photo

The mushroom is edible. The cap is up to 5-12 cm, at first red-brick hemispherical, covered with cobwebs, then rusty-brown, open in the form of a lampshade, and finally open, fibrous with a thin edge. The leg is cylindrical or club-shaped, light brown, 6-4 cm long, 1-2 cm thick, decorated with brick-red bracelets. The pulp is ocher and has no unpleasant odor. Spore powder rusty brown.

Grows in deciduous and mixed forests under the birch and in pine forests among the mosses.

Fruits from August to October.

It differs from inedible spider webs by the presence of orange stripes on the stem and the absence of an unpleasant odor.

The mushroom is edible, but tasteless. Suitable as a filler for dishes and preparations made from other mushrooms.

Excellent webweed (Cortinarius praestans)

The mushroom is edible. The caps are up to 3-12 cm, at first spherical, closed with a cobweb, then hemispherical, finally open, in wet weather they are very slimy and sticky, when dry they are smooth, brown or the color of “burnt sugar”. The plates are thick, whitish with purple tint or yellowish. Leg 5-15 cm, whitish, widened below. The pulp is white, dense with a pleasant smell.

It grows mainly in deciduous forests, but is also found in coniferous forests. Prefers calcareous soil.

Fruits from July to October.

It differs from inedible and poisonous spider webs by the absence of an unpleasant odor.

If you are not sure that you know this mushroom, it is better not to collect it.

In some countries, the excellent cobweb mushroom is valued on a par with porcini mushrooms.

Above we looked at what spider webs look like that are suitable for consumption, and now it’s their turn inedible species. It is worth knowing that the poisonous cobweb mushroom is very dangerous, as it can be fatal.

Look at what the poisonous cobweb looks like in the photo, remember it and under no circumstances pick it up in the forest:

Lazy web spider
Lazy web spider

Goat's web
Common spiderwort

Lazy web spider (Cortinarius bolaris)

Lazy web spider in the photo

Lazy web spider in the photo

The mushroom is inedible. Caps up to 3-8 cm, initially hemispherical, then convex and finally open, clay-yellow, densely covered with large red or red-orange scales. In young mushrooms, the scales are glued to the surface of the cap; the yellow color of the surface is visible only as small spaces between the red scales. In mature mushrooms, the scales spread over the surface of the cap and lag behind it at the edge. The plates are clay-yellow, then brown, turning red when damaged. The stalk is 5-7 cm long, 5-15 mm thick, cylindrical, reddish-fibrous, often scaly, like a cap. The pulp is whitish with a brownish tint. Spore powder is yellow-green.

Grows in deciduous, mixed and coniferous forests on acidic soil.

Fruits from August to September.

It has no poisonous counterparts.

Goat's web spider (Cortinarius traganus)

The mushroom is inedible. Massive caps 3-12 cm, at first, spherical and lilac, then hemispherical and, finally, open ocher, with a fringed edge. The plates are ocher-yellow with a violet tint, later brownish-ocher. The leg is lilac or yellow, with scales, 5-10 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, with a widening at the bottom. The flesh of young mushrooms is white-blue, then ocher with an unpleasant “goat” smell of acetylene.

It grows very abundantly in deciduous and coniferous forests, in shelterbelts, often in large groups.

Fruits from August to October.

The goat's web has no poisonous counterparts.

Goat's web is inedible due to the unpleasant odor of acetylene.

Common spiderwort (Cortinarius triviah)

The edibility of the mushroom is questionable. Caps up to 5-8 cm, initially hemispherical, then convex or open, mucous yellow-rusty-brown, straw-yellow when dry. The plates are white-gray with a purple tint, later rusty-brown. The leg is yellow or with a bluish tint, 8-12 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, covered with mucus in the upper part, with dark zones in the lower part. The flesh is light, whitish-ochre, and in old mushrooms it has a slight unpleasant odor.

Grows in deciduous and mixed forests under poplars, birches, oaks and pines.

Fruits in large quantities from July to September.

Looks like an inedible mucous webweed (Cortinarius mucosus) with a white stalk.

The common cobweb is not designated as a poisonous mushroom, but its edibility is in doubt.

Cobweb orange-red also called plush web spider or mountain spider web. You can meet him from the last ten days of August to last decade October in broad-leaved (where oak-birch is present) and coniferous forests. Prefers to grow singly or in groups on sandy soil. More common in southern regions Russia.

The cap, 4 to 8 cm in diameter, is first hemispherical in shape, then convex-spread or flat with a drooping edge. The surface is dry, matte, felt, finely scaly, orange-red-brown in color with a darker center. There is a small tubercle in the central part of the cap.

The plates are sparsely spaced, wide, thick, adherent, and have a color similar to the color of the cap. On very young specimens there is a cobwebby cover of yellowish-ocher color, which disappears very early.

The stem is cylindrical in shape, sometimes slightly narrowed towards the base, has a length of 5-10 cm and a diameter of up to 2 cm. The structure is longitudinally fibrous (covered with dark fibers obtained from a torn bedspread), without belts, and has a light yellow color on the main part. The stem is lemon-yellow at the top and rusty-brown at the base.

The pulp is yellowish-brown, tasteless, with a faint unpleasant odor, vaguely reminiscent of radish.

The orange-red cobweb is recognized as a deadly poisonous mushroom. Its main insidiousness is that the main symptoms of poisoning appear 5-14 days after consumption. Poisonous toxins (orellanins) are completely preserved by cooking, frying or drying. The first symptoms of poisoning are unbearable thirst, then sharp pain in the abdomen appears, and later pathological changes in the functioning of the kidneys occur. If the poisoned person is lucky and survives, then further treatment can last up to a year or more.

The mountain cobweb can be confused with similar species of brown-red cobwebs: the beautiful poisonous cobweb, the brown cobweb, the dark brown cobweb, and the edible bracelet. Since even edible species Dont Have good taste, it is better to refuse to eat any more or less suspicious specimens.

Photos of orange-red web spider (Cortinarius orellanus)

To better recognize this poisonous mushroom, it doesn’t hurt to watch the video of the Italian Mycological Association about the orange-red cobweb

Orange-red cobweb (lat. Cortinarius orellanus) is a species of mushroom that is part of the genus Cortinarius of the Cortinariaceae family. Deadly poisonous, contains slow-acting toxins that cause kidney failure.

Other names:

• Mountain gossamer
• Plush web spider

Grows in deciduous and coniferous forests. Fruits in September - October.

The cap is 3-10 cm in ∅, first convex, then flat, orange-red or orange-brown, the skin is covered with small, dark, fibrous scales.

The pulp is yellowish or brownish, with a rare odor and tasteless.

The plates are sparse, adherent to the stem, wide, thick, bright orange-brown. Spore powder is yellow-brown. The spores are ellipsoidal and warty.

The leg is up to 9 cm long, 1-2 cm ∅, dense, cylindrical, slightly narrowed towards the base, yellowish, without bands. The webs (cortina) of young mushrooms are golden yellow, then darken.

The mushroom is deadly poisonous. Contains a toxic substance orellanin, which causes pathological changes in the kidneys. Signs of poisoning appear 3-14 days after eating the mushroom. Poisonous properties The mushroom is preserved after boiling in water or drying.

Cobwebs (Cortinarius) are a fairly extensive genus of fungi, numbering more than 40 species in our country alone, and throughout the world this figure exceeds the two thousandth threshold. Most of their representatives are inedible, and some are even deadly poisonous. The name of some types of these mushrooms speaks for itself: just look at the superb cobweb or the elegant cobweb. They are also called marshlands or ringed caps.

Brief description and habitat

Cobwebs – lamellar mushrooms. Their main distinctive feature may well be bright color. They are found in purple, bright yellow, dark red, terracotta and other colors. Some species names came precisely because of this characteristic: purple webwort, crimson webwort, watery-blue webwort, and others. And the name of the entire genus of mushrooms was given by the cobwebby film like a blanket enveloping its representatives. The web cover is clearly visible in young mushrooms: it connects the stem and the edges of the cap. And in mature representatives, the thin film breaks as it grows and becomes like a cobweb entangling the stem of the mushroom. Some of its threads hang from the cap, but for the most part they remain in the lower part of the stem in the form of a cobwebby ring. These mushrooms are very similar to each other and only experienced mushroom pickers can distinguish one type of cobweb from another.

All representatives of this genus have a round cap that becomes flat as it grows, often raised in the middle. To the touch it is smooth, fibrous, less often scaly. There may be either a mucous surface of the cap or a dry one. The pulp is fleshy, thin, often white, but can also be multi-colored. The plates are frequent, descending, and the leg is cylindrical, sometimes thickened at the base. Remnants of a cobwebby blanket will always be visible on it. It practically matches the color of the surface of the cap, sometimes it may differ only in the intensity of the shade. The spore powder of mushrooms is usually yellow or brown-yellow in color. In general, cobwebs are very similar to, so they can be confused with edible mushrooms they are quite difficult.

These mushrooms love moist, swampy soil. They can often be found near the outskirts of swamps, which is why they received the name “swamplanders”. Cobwebs grow in deciduous and mixed forests, and are less commonly observed in coniferous forests. This is a widespread genus. Their habitat is European part Russia, Siberia, Far East, Ukraine, Belarus, Georgia and Kazakhstan. In Europe, they are often found in Austria, Italy, Great Britain, Belgium, France, Finland, Switzerland, Romania, Latvia and Estonia. You can also find them in the USA and Japan. However, although they are so ubiquitous, they are quite rare mushrooms. Some of their species, for example, purple cobweb, are listed in the Red Book Russian Federation and other regions.

Beneficial features

Despite the fact that some of the types of spider webs are poisonous, this does not reduce the content of valuable substances in them that have practical use in medicine. Some of the representatives of this genus are used as raw materials for the manufacture of dyes. Mostly brown or ocher colored mushrooms are used for this purpose.

Edible and conditionally edible representatives are successfully used for culinary purposes, having previously undergone additional processing in the form of long-term boiling with frequent replacement of water. In cooking, such types of mushrooms as watery blue cobweb, superb cobweb, purple cobweb, and yellow cobweb are often used.

These are the most common species eaten. There are others, but many of them are useless and do not carry any meaning. taste value. Be that as it may, even well-known species should only be collected by experienced mushroom pickers.

Types of spider webs used in cooking can be consumed boiled, salted, fried, pickled, or canned. The various first and second courses with it are incomparable. Many experts say that these mushrooms have a nutty flavor.

Fried spider web recipe

For preparation you will need:

• edible or conditionally edible spider webs – 500 grams;
• flour - 4 tablespoons;
• vegetable oil – 3 tablespoons;
• greenery.

Initially, fresh mushrooms need to be thoroughly boiled, changing them several times. Then cut them into small pieces. Place in a preheated frying pan and fry until almost done. Then pour flour into the mushrooms and continue cooking. The top of the dish can be decorated with herbs and served. It is best consumed hot.

Types of mushrooms and medicinal properties

The most known species of this kind are:

• yellow spiderwort or triumphal marshweed – edible;
• purple spider web – conditionally edible;
• orange cobweb – conditionally edible;
• purple spider web – conditionally edible;
• shiny cobweb - poisonous;
• bracelet web - edible;
• Variable cobweb – conditionally edible;
• brown cobweb – conditionally edible;
• smeared cobweb – conditionally edible;
• superb cobweb - edible;
• straight spider web – conditionally edible;
• red-olive cobweb - inedible;
• Gossamer webwort – conditionally edible;
• Scaly cobweb is inedible.

Some members of this genus are considered poisonous mushrooms, but this does not reduce them medicinal properties.

Red cobweb

A red or blood-reddish mushroom, classified as poisonous. It bears a close resemblance to the inedible purple spider web. It has pronounced antiseptic properties. The substances included in its composition prevent the development of tuberculous mycobacteria. Found in coniferous forests. Loves moist, mossy soil. Fruits from July to September.

Bracelet web plant

It has a yellow-brown or brown-red color; with age, the terracotta color predominates and becomes more saturated. Resembles the triumphal cobweb. This conditionally edible mushroom, used in cooking only after careful pre-treatment. IN medicinal purposes used as an antiseptic. It forms mycorrhiza only with birch. Picky in choosing soil - prefers a swampy, acidic environment. Fruits from July to early October.

The color of the mushroom is multifaceted: from grayish-green to black-olive with brown and brown impurities. It is quite similar to many representatives of this species, from which it differs in the absence of odor, very bitter taste and black color of the plates. The alkaloids included in its composition, in laboratory studies, showed good results in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, which is one of the main types of therapy for Alzheimer's disease and other memory disorders. This mushroom is considered poisonous. Found mainly in deciduous and mixed forests, loves calcareous soils. Forms mycorrhiza with oak and beech. Fruits from July to October.

Gossamer's web

Pale lilac, becoming ocher-white with age. It is similar to camphor spiderweed, which has the same unpleasant specific odor. From rare species– violet cobweb – differs in the rusty color of the plates, from the white-violet representative – in a more saturated color, from the violet row – in a strong repulsive aroma and a tangled, abundant blanket. The mushroom is inedible. Eating it is not recommended. For medical purposes it has pronounced antibacterial properties. An antibiotic, inolomine, was identified in its composition.

Harm and dangerous properties

Some types of spider webs are very toxic and poisonous. They are most dangerous because signs of poisoning may appear after several days or even weeks, since they contain delayed-acting toxins. Their venom is very harmful to the kidneys; with its help, a disease such as acute interstitial nephritis can develop. Even irreversible changes in the structure of the kidneys and death. According to statistics, for every seven cases of poisoning, one is fatal.

Characteristic signs of spiderweb poisoning are burning and dry mouth, severe thirst followed by vomiting, nausea, and abdominal cramps. Often accompanied by headache and pain in the lumbar region. Even if you notice the symptoms in time and consult a doctor, recovery and treatment will take quite a long time.

In order to protect yourself, it is important to remember the first rule of a mushroom picker: if there are doubts about the edibility or inedibility of a mushroom, then it is generally accepted that it is obviously poisonous. In general, it’s better not to take risks and entrust the collection of spider webs to specialists who can confidently distinguish good mushroom from its poisonous brother.

By the way, when preparing good edible mushrooms, it is worth remembering that violations in technology and non-compliance with processing rules can lead to severe poisoning and sad consequences.

Providing first aid for poisoning

Any type of poisoning requires immediate medical attention until the ambulance arrives. It is advisable not to transport the patient to the clinic, since some toxins can cause disruption of the cardiovascular system.

Before the doctor arrives, you should:

• put the patient to bed;
• perform repeated gastric lavage;
• drink a laxative to remove poison from the intestines;
• do a cleansing enema.

In case of poisoning, severe dehydration of the body occurs, so it is recommended to feed the patient with saline solutions, for example, rehydron. Give the victim cool, strong teas or just salted water. For calf cramps, which often occur precisely because of dehydration, you can put mustard plasters on your shin.

If everything was done correctly and the danger is noticed on early stage, then after such measures, the victim can already feel an improvement in his condition after 2-3 hours.

But this is not a reason to refuse hospitalization if recommended by a doctor.

conclusions

Cobwebs are quite rare and mostly dangerous mushrooms. But this does not stop some gourmets from collecting various representatives of this genus for culinary purposes. Many of them have an interesting taste and are quite often eaten after pre-processing.

Before preparing a dish of spider webs, they need to be thoroughly boiled, changing the water several times. However, only experienced mushroom pickers will be able to cope with such an impossible task as determining which type of cobweb mushroom a particular mushroom belongs to.

The thing is that they are very similar to each other and an ignorant person can quite easily confuse an edible representative with its dangerous toxic relative.

Cobwebs are very dangerous due to the slow-acting toxins they contain. Poisoning by these mushrooms does not appear immediately, but after a fairly long period of time, which can be up to 14 days.

In some cases, they lead to pathological changes in the body, and sometimes even to death. In case of mushroom poisoning, the victim should immediately provide first aid medical care in the form of gastric and intestinal lavage, and provide plenty of fluids to avoid dangerous dehydration.

But even the most poisonous mushrooms do not lose their medicinal properties. They contain substances from which, with the right technology in the laboratory, it is possible to extract various components used to create antibiotics and various other drugs.

In fact, the cobweb is a rather valuable mushroom, but it is valued mainly for its medical properties. Its taste and culinary properties are not particularly popular. Spider webs are quite rare and little-known mushrooms, therefore, it is better not to take risks and refuse to eat them in favor of other edible, more tasty and well-known representatives.