Description of the spider web mushroom. Orange-red cobweb (Cortinarius orellanus) Mushroom with a web between the stem and cap

People call cobweb mushrooms that are found in different types forests Some adherents healthy image life eat the fruiting bodies raw, and they are also tasty when salted. Distinctive feature these representatives natural kingdom- a kind of white “blanket” located on the bottom of the cap and descending onto the stem.

People call cobweb mushrooms that are found in different types of forests

Scientists have identified mushrooms belonging to the Pautinnikov family in the order Agaricaceae. Popularly, the described representatives of the natural kingdom are called marshlanders, and you can recognize them in the forest by the characteristic cobwebby formation in the lower part of the fruiting body.

The shape of the cap varies from hemispherical to conical, and both smooth and fibrous specimens are found. The color of mushrooms can vary and fades with age. The flesh of the cap can be fleshy or, on the contrary, thin; the color of the fruiting body on the cut may change. The stem of the mushroom is club-shaped, less often cylindrical and with a tuberous thickening at the bottom; there is always a remnant of the “veil” on it. It is curious that it is clearly visible only in young specimens; the old fruiting bodies, the described part remains in the form of a coating.

Triumphal cobweb (video)

Edible and poisonous species of spider webs

When going into the forest, do not forget that some types of spider webs are unsuitable for consumption. Let's consider the varieties of representatives of the kingdom that are often found in nature.

Common spiderwort

The cap of this mushroom is small, its diameter rarely exceeds 5 cm. In young fruiting bodies it is hemispherical, then with age the upper part becomes prostrate and convex. The color of the common spider web varies from pale yellow to brown, the plates are weak and frequent. The cobwebby tissue is mucous, its color is lighter than other parts of such a mushroom. The cylindrical leg is slightly expanded, its structure is dense and continuous. The flesh of this species is whitish and sometimes has a slight unpleasant odor.

The common spiderwort is considered inedible mushroom and collecting it is not recommended.

Scaly cobweb

You can recognize such a mushroom by its cap, decorated with many dark brown scales, and the upper part of the fruiting body is crowned with a small tubercle. The olive or ocher color makes the described species stand out among other representatives of the kingdom, and the cobwebby tissue has a light brown color and is always noticeable. The length of the leg reaches 5 cm or more, it is solid and hollow, with loose pulp. Sometimes you can detect a faint musty smell coming from the mushrooms.

The scaly cobweb is an edible mushroom; it is better to use it fresh and boil or pickle. Mushroom caps are edible.

Goat's web

The described mushroom is popularly called stinking or goat mushroom, since it emits an unpleasant odor and is therefore inedible. At the same time, its cap is quite large, reaching more than 10 cm in diameter, and its shape is regular and round with rolled edges. The color of the young fruiting body is violet-gray; with age, the mushrooms become bluish. The pulp is very dense, the leg goat's web spider short and thick, has a massive tuberous thickening below and is covered with remains of arachnoid tissue.

This marsh plant stands out among other mushrooms for its bright color - hemispherical caps of orange-yellow color are noticeable in the forest, with age their shape becomes cushion-shaped and prostrate. The flesh of the fruiting body is thick, soft, and exudes a pleasant aroma, which is not typical for cobwebs. The plates of young specimens are narrow and frequent; they are almost completely covered with cobwebby tissue.

The leg of this web spider is high, its length reaches 10 cm. Triumphal marsh grass does not contain harmful substances, therefore, young fruiting bodies have a pleasant taste.

Gossamer violet

A bright and memorable mushroom is listed in the Red Book and is edible, but it is best to refrain from collecting it. The cap of such a web spider is cushion-shaped, convex, with age it becomes flat and overgrown with tiny scales. The plates are wide, rich purple in color. The flesh is bluish, without a special odor, and the stem of the mushroom is dark purple in color and has a thickening at the base.

The most beautiful cobweb

The small orange-ocher cobweb, the cap of which has a sharp tubercle, is a deadly poisonous mushroom and therefore cannot be collected. Old specimens turn rusty brown, their stem grows up to 12 cm and becomes dense with remnants of arachnoid tissue. The plates of the mushroom are sparse, the pulp has no distinct odor. People also call it reddish, or very special.

The web spider is excellent

This mushroom has a lamellar fruiting body; remnants of arachnoid tissue are visible on its surface. The diameter of the cap sometimes reaches 15 cm or more; as it matures, it becomes flat and even depressed. Immature specimens are colored purple, and in ripe ones the upper part is wine or red-brown.

The thick leg of the superb cobweb reaches 10 cm in height, its flesh is light, darkens over time. The mushroom is edible Suitable for consumption when salted or pickled, the fruiting bodies can also be dried.

Bracelet web plant

You can recognize such a mushroom by its neat hemispherical cap, its diameter gradually reaches 12 cm or more. With age, the upper part of the fruiting body opens, its surface is dry. The color of the forest products varies from orange to red-brown, and dark fibers are also present.

On a high stalk, slightly widened towards the base, there are remnants of arachnoid tissue of a reddish hue, by which mushroom pickers identify the bracelet cobweb. It is considered non-poisonous, but is not eaten.

White-violet cobweb

The cap, with a diameter of 4 to 8 cm, has a rounded bell-shaped shape, atypical for other types of spider webs. In damp weather, the mushroom becomes sticky, its color varies from silver to lilac-gray, and with age, the fruiting bodies fade and lose part of the cobweb tissue.

The stalk of the white-violet spiderwort is mucous and thick. Unlike similar mushroom, called goat, this gift of the forest does not have a pungent odor, however, It is considered a low quality product and is not collected by mushroom pickers.

Places of growth and fruiting season of the spider web mushroom

You can meet cobwebs not only in deciduous and mixed, but also in coniferous forests, where these mushrooms choose damp places. Fruiting bodies grow singly or in small groups, they are capable of forming mycorrhiza with birches and other trees, and you can also see the described species among mosses.

Spider webs are widespread throughout Europe; in Russia, people begin to collect such mushrooms in May; the mushroom produces a good harvest until the end of September.

Gallery: spider web mushroom (45 photos)

Recipes for making edible spider webs

Not all species of swampweeds are dangerous to humans, but it is important to be able to distinguish between edible specimens. For example, the excellent spider web is noble mushroom, which is why it is recommended to fry it and serve it with any side dish. To prepare the dish you will need the following products:

• mushrooms (500 g);
• wheat flour (4 large spoons);
• sunflower oil (3 large spoons);
• greens to taste.

Pre-boil fresh fruit bodies for 15 minutes, draining the water repeatedly. Next, cut them into small slices, fry in a frying pan until half cooked, mix with flour and continue to simmer the cobwebs for a few more minutes. It is recommended to eat this dish hot.

Triumphant mushroom pickers collect cobwebs in order to pickle them. Take the following ingredients before you start cooking:

• boiled mushrooms (1 kg);
• black peppercorns (10 pcs.);
• bay leaf (3 pcs.);
• garlic (4 cloves);
• table vinegar (4 large spoons);
• sugar and salt to taste.

Boil water, then add all the spices for the marinade and the prepared cobwebs to the liquid. Boil the mixture for 15 minutes, then pour the product into sterilized jars, season with vinegar and close the lids tightly.

How to recognize the lazy web spider (video)

Collect mushrooms carefully and never take suspicious specimens, because they can be poisonous. Gather people you know well and known species cobwebs that are suitable for human consumption.

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Spider web is not the most common mushroom. Its family includes almost 40 species. Novice mushroom pickers sometimes confuse cobwebs with other mushrooms and throw them into a basket, without thinking that they can be deadly. Cobwebs come in a wide variety of shapes and colors. The names of the types of mushrooms speak for themselves: orange cobweb, crimson, white-violet, etc.

general information

The cobweb family got its name from the cobweb-like cover that connects the stem of the mushroom to the cap. It is especially noticeable in young mushrooms. In more mature members of the family, the cobweb encircles the lower part of the leg with a porous ring. All varieties of this mushroom have a round cap., which becomes more and more flat as it grows. Its surface has a smooth or scaly texture and can be either slippery or completely dry.

The stem and surface of the mushroom cap have almost the same color. The standard shape of the leg is cylindrical, but in some species it has a thickened base. The flesh of the mushroom is usually white, but can also be colored. The cobweb family loves moisture very much. They are most often found near wetlands, which is why they have earned the nickname “swamplanders.”

Mushrooms of this family are common in the European part of Russia, but they are quite difficult to find. Some species of cobwebs are listed in the Red Book. Spider webs rarely grow alone. Usually these are clans of 10 to 30 pieces, clustered in damp lowlands. It is recommended to collect them from late summer until the first frost.

The most special - the most poisonous spider web. To avoid being hit fatally dangerous mushroom to cart, you need to find out more about it. The cap of an adult beautiful mushroom reaches a diameter of up to 10 cm. In young mushrooms it can be in the form of a cone. As the mushroom grows, the cap changes its appearance and acquires a flat-convex shape with a blunt tubercle in the center. The surface is dry, velvety, slightly scaly at the edges. The color of the cap can range from red-brown to ocher-brown.

The stem of an adult mushroom reaches 12 cm in length and 1.5 cm in width, it slightly widens towards the base and is covered with noticeable bracelets of a spider web. The surface is orange-brown, fibrous. The flesh of the mushroom is yellow-ochre, without taste. Sometimes has a faint radish odor.

Popularly, cobweb mushrooms that appear in forests at the end of August - beginning of September are called marsh mushrooms. This is explained by the fact that these fruiting bodies, growing in small groups, can often be found in swampy areas.

The mycological classification describes about 700 species of spider webs, and in the international “Dictionary of Mushrooms” there are at least 2000 of them.

September web spiders occupy larger and larger spaces. It is in September that you can see greatest number cobwebs.

Among them: white-violet, evening, smooth-skinned and others. They prefer slightly elevated places on the edges of the forest.

White-violet cobweb

Habitats of the white-violet web spider (Cortinarius alboviolaceus): coniferous and mixed forests, grow in small groups or singly.

Season: collection September - November.

The cap has a diameter of 4-8 cm, sometimes up to 10 cm, smooth, silky, at first hemispherical or bell-shaped, later convexly spread with a blunt tubercle in the center. A distinctive feature of the species is its silver-violet or bluish-violet cap. The cap often has radial stripes or streaks of bluish-violet color.

As you can see in the photo, the leg of the white-violet web spider has a height of 5-12 cm, a thickness of 6-20 mm, often curved, with a strong thickening near the base:

Photo gallery

The color of the leg is also silvery-violet or whitish. Remnants of a white blanket are often visible at the top of the leg.

The flesh is whitish or bluish, has purple spots when cut, and turns purple in older mushrooms.

The plates are attached to the teeth, infrequent, in young specimens they are light gray, later light brown.

Variability: The color of the cap varies from silvery-violet to bluish.

Similar species. By violet shade The caps of the white-violet webweed can be confused with the anomalous webweed (Cortinatius anomalis), which is distinguished by a smooth silky cap, without a tubercle, a gray-fawn leg and a beige-violet tint of the plates, as well as by the absence of strong swelling of the base of the stalk.

Methods of preparation: frying, after preliminary boiling for at least 25 minutes.

These photos clearly illustrate the description of the white-violet spider web:

Photo gallery

Evening cobweb

Habitats of the evening web spider (Cortinarius vespertinus): coniferous and deciduous forests, in damp places, near swamps, grow in groups.

Season: August - October.

Pay attention to the photo - the cap of this spider web mushroom has a diameter of 2-5 cm and is smooth:

Photo gallery

At first convex, later convex-prostrate. A distinctive feature of the species is a convex cap with edges turned inward, smooth, ocher or beige-brown. The surface of the cap becomes sticky in wet weather.

The leg is 3-7 cm high, 5-18 mm thick, has a thickening of up to 3 cm near the base, at first white, later creamy, yellow-straw with brownish scales from the remains of the bedspread.

The pulp is first white, later light cream, without taste or smell. The plates are at first straw-colored, later indented and brownish-clay-colored.

Variability: The color of the cap varies from yellow-brown to beige-brown and brown.

Similar species. According to the description, the evening cobweb mushroom is similar to the common cobweb mushroom (Cortinarius trivialis), which differs in that the edges of the cap do not turn inward. A rare species listed in the regional Red Books. Status - 3R.

Inedible.

Smooth-skinned cobweb

Habitats of the smooth-skinned fireweed (Cortinarius allutus): coniferous and deciduous forests, in damp places, near swamps, growing in groups.

Collection season: July - October.

The cap has a diameter of 4-8 cm, sometimes up to 10 cm, at first hemispherical, later convex-spread. A distinctive feature of the species is its yellow-orange cap with lighter, often wavy edges. With age, the edges of the cap crack.

Why this mushroom is called that is probably only clear to mycologists. The most beautiful cobweb is far from the most beautiful representative of the mushroom kingdom. Besides, he is very dangerous, and it is better to avoid him when meeting him. What does it look like and where does it grow?

The most beautiful cobweb (Cortinarius rubellus or Cortinarius speciosissimus), belonging to the family Cobweb, genus Cobweb, has another name - reddish cobweb. The common people used to call him also a marshman. This is a dangerous and poisonous lamellar mushroom.

• the cap is medium-sized, quite thick, with a diameter of 3 to 8 cm (in in some cases it grows up to 10 cm). Bell-shaped or conical in shape - in young fruiting bodies, and flattened-convex with a central tubercle, sharp or blunt - in adults. The surface is finely scaly and dry to the touch. The skin color is brown-red, orange-red, brown, depending greatly on climatic conditions and weather. The peculiarity of this web spider is the existence of two of its subspecies. The first has a cap with a darker center, from which concentric circles of a reddish hue radiate. Towards the edge of the cap its color becomes lighter. The second, on the contrary, has a lighter center, pinkish-red, and the concentric circles extending from it are of a darker color, but the edges are always lighter;
• the leg is dense, from 5 to 12 cm high, 5-15 mm thick. Cylindrical, sometimes thickens towards the lower part, forming a club-shaped base. The surface color is orange-brown; in the lower part of the leg there are ochre-colored rims - these are the remains of a bedspread. In mature mushrooms they are almost invisible. The surface is distinctly fibrous;
• the pulp is tasteless and yellow or orange in color. It has a radish smell, which in some cases may be absent;
• the plates are relatively dense, adherent to the stem. Their color ranges from orange to brown, and can be rusty brown in mature webworts;
• spores in the shape of a wide ellipse, almost spherical, warty. They have a rusty brown color.

Distribution and fruiting period

The beautiful spider web is common and quite common in northern regions With temperate climate. Widely known in Europe, in the north and central part of Russia. Grows in coniferous, mixed, swampy wet forests, often on acidic soils. Forms mycorrhiza with birch and spruce trees.

This type of spider plant bears fruit from the end of May until September. Found both in groups and alone.

Similar species

The beautiful spider web can be confused with the dangerous and poisonous mountain spider web (Cortinarius orellanus). However, these two species can be distinguished by the rings on the leg - in the mountain, the remains of the bedspread in the form of red rims at the base are not visible. Yes, and he grows in deciduous forests near beech and oak trees.

Also, the hero of our article can easily be confused by an inexperienced mushroom picker with the straight web spider (Cortinarius collinitus). It does not smell like radish and has a straight, light-colored stem. This edible mushroom, and therefore you need to be very careful when collecting - a mistake can cost you your health.

In general, it is important to note that almost all spider webs are easy to confuse with each other - they are very similar.

Virulence

The most beautiful web spider is deadly poisonous mushroom. It contains orellanins - substances that can cause irreversible changes in kidney tissue. They can lead to death, which sometimes overtakes a person 5 months after eating this type of spider web.

Orellanins act very slowly and gradually cause the development of renal failure. There are also other toxic compounds present in mushrooms - benzonine, cortinarine and others. Signs of cobweb poisoning appear only 3-14 days after eating mushrooms - thirst, burning and dry mouth. The person's condition is deteriorating very quickly. It is necessary to call doctors immediately.

Moreover, it is important to know that representatives of this species, even after thorough cooking or drying, still remain poisonous. And treatment after spider web poisoning sometimes lasts more than one month.

It is interesting that until the 60s of the twentieth century beautiful web spider It was considered a completely harmless mushroom - it was eaten. But when a whole series of poisonings were registered in Poland (and some of them ended fatal), then scientists have established that it was this species that caused them. Therefore, when you meet him, just leave the “handsome guy” where he is.

Orange-red cobweb (lat. Cortinarius orellanus) is a species of mushroom that is part of the genus Cortinarius of the Cortinariaceae family. Deadly poisonous, contains slow-acting toxins that cause kidney failure.

Other names:

• Mountain gossamer
• Plush web spider

Grows in deciduous and coniferous forests. Fruits in September - October.

The cap is 3-10 cm in ∅, first convex, then flat, orange-red or orange-brown, the skin is covered with small, dark, fibrous scales.

The pulp is yellowish or brownish, with a rare odor and tasteless.

The plates are sparse, adherent to the stem, wide, thick, bright orange-brown. Spore powder yellow-brown. The spores are ellipsoidal and warty.

The leg is up to 9 cm long, 1-2 cm ∅, dense, cylindrical, slightly narrowed towards the base, yellowish, without bands. The webs (cortina) of young mushrooms are golden yellow, then darken.

The mushroom is deadly poisonous. Contains a toxic substance orellanin, which causes pathological changes in the kidneys. Signs of poisoning appear 3-14 days after eating the mushroom. Poisonous properties The mushroom is preserved after boiling in water or drying.