Record-breaking mushrooms presentation. Presentation on the topic: "amazing mushrooms. There are many forms of mushrooms that are not similar to each other. We are accustomed to thinking that mushrooms are gifts of nature growing in the forest. on." Download for free and without registration. Blue gris

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• By appearance of this mushroom, you might think that its habitat is the seabed. The fruit body is elongated, vertical, egg-colored with shades of ocher, sometimes slightly reddened. Kalocera adhesive reaches 5–6 cm in length and up to 1 cm in diameter. The fruiting bodies of the colony readily grow together at the base and continue to grow in a small “bush.” The mushroom grows in large colonies, less often singly, on the remains of rotten wood. From the point of view of edibility, there are different opinions about Calocera adhesive; some sources consider it edible, but are silent about its possible processing, others do not mention it at all in the lists of edible mushrooms. However, Kalocera also did not get poisonous. It is believed that due to its small size and rarity, the mushroom never received its place in the culinary ranks, and is considered inedible.

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• Clavaria zollingeri (Clavaria zollingeri) A widespread species of mushroom. It has a tube-shaped purple or pinkish-lilac body that grows up to 10 cm tall and 7 cm wide. Scientists have determined that there are about 1,200 species of clavaria, which vary in shades ranging from white to bright orange and purple. These mushrooms grow in many places, mostly in tropical areas, and are considered inedible.

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• Azure mushroom (Entoloma hochstetteri) Lives in the forests of New Zealand and India. These blue mushrooms may be poisonous, but their toxicity is poorly understood. It gets its distinctive blue color from the azuline pigment found in its fruiting body, which is also found in some marine invertebrates.

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• Four-lobed star mushroom (Geastrum quadrifidum) Refers to puffball mushrooms that can be found in different places and elevations around the world. This unusual mushroom changes its appearance after emerging from the ground. Its “rays” bend downwards, the round fruiting body rises and releases spores into the air. Grows mostly on sandy soil in deciduous, mixed and coniferous-pine, spruce, pine-spruce and spruce-broad deciduous forests(among the fallen pine needles). Considered inedible due to its bitter taste. In some Indian tribes, this mushroom is known for its medicinal properties, and also, according to legend, he predicts upcoming celestial phenomena.

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• Elastic grasshopper (Helvella elastica) Grows in moist, sparse, mostly deciduous forests, from July to the end of September, singly or in groups. The cap is two-lobed, saddle-shaped, light yellowish or grayish-brown, whitish or pink below, 1.5-4 cm in width and height. The leg is up to 7 cm long, 0.2-0.4 cm thick, cylindrical, widened downward, with small and shallow longitudinal grooves, whitish or brownish, smooth. The elastic lobed is conditionally edible. Used dried. When boiled, it can be used only after boiling and removing the decoction.

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• Bearded Mushroom ( Hericium erinaceus) This mushroom, which looks like a noodle or pompom, is known by many names: lion's mane mushroom, bearded tooth mushroom, hedgehog mushroom, etc. At first glance, it does not evoke any associations with a mushroom. This edible mushroom grows on both living and dead trees, and when cooked, resembles seafood in color and texture. Not only does it taste good, but it is also used in traditional Chinese medicine, having antioxidant properties and reducing blood glucose levels.

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• Bleeding mushroom (Hydnellum peckii) Pretty original mushroom, which can be found on sandy soils in coniferous forests. The surface of young fruiting bodies is velvety, white, with small tubercles, becoming brown with age. On top surface young specimens produce drops of blood-red liquid. It grows on the ground in autumn in coniferous (spruce and pine) forests. Inedible due to its strong bitter taste. It can be called by many different names, but whatever the name, it will definitely be associated with blood or juice. It can be found in North America, it is most common in the Pacific Northwest and grows mainly in coniferous forests.

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• Blue Milkweed (Lactarius indigo) A fairly common species of mushroom that grows in eastern North America, East Asia and Central America. It grows on the ground in both deciduous and coniferous forests. The mushroom cap has a diameter of 5 to 15 cm, a denim-blue color, and a shape that changes over time from convex to funnel-shaped. Young mushrooms have a sticky surface layer. The leg, which has a height of 2 to 6 cm and a thickness of 1 to 2.5 cm, is cylindrical in shape, thick, denim blue in color, may have a silver-gray tint. There is a milky juice of denim blue color, changing to green, caustic in nature . The mushroom is edible and sold in rural markets in Mexico, Guatemala and China.

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• Canine mutinus (lat. Mutinus caninus). The young mushroom is pinkish or white in color and oval or elongated in shape. It is not recommended to eat it, since it is still not known for sure whether this mushroom is edible or not. Interestingly, the dark top of the mushroom emits a specific smell, similar to cat excrement, to attract insects. When insects gnaw at the top of the mushroom, it turns orange, and then the entire fruiting body begins to decompose, and after 3-4 days nothing remains of the mushroom.

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• bird's Nest(Nidulariaceae) Bird's nest is a mushroom belonging to the group of molds. The mushroom owes its name to its unusual appearance, reminiscent of a bird's nest with tiny eggs. This form contributes to the favorable spread of spores: under the pressure of rainwater entering the nest, the fungus sprays them out within a meter radius of itself, which allows it to occupy more and more territories for reproduction. Bird's nest grows mainly in New Zealand on rotting wood, small branches of trees ferns, and sometimes on animal excrement.

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• Panellus stipticus The cap is 2-4 cm in diameter, kidney-shaped, lateral, light brown, finely scaly or finely fluffy, with a hairy, slightly curved thin edge. The plates are narrow, frequent, the same color as the cap or darker. The pulp is thin, leathery, brownish. Leg 0.5-2 cm high, 0.2-0.6 cm wide, eccentric, thickened upward, solid, the same color as the cap, pubescent, then smooth. Grows in large groups, merging with the bases of the legs, on fallen trees and stumps. From April to November. European part Russia, North Caucasus, Siberia, Primorsky Krai. Inedible.

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• Rhodotus palmatus This mushroom is the only representative of the genus in the Physalacriaceae family. Not very common. Found throughout the northern hemisphere: in eastern North America, in northern Africa, Europe and Asia. In Europe it is included in many lists of endangered species. Grows on stumps and decaying wood. The fruiting body of mature mushrooms is characteristic Pink colour with a mesh pattern on a thick cap. Size, shape and color vary depending on lighting.

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• Orange tremella (Tremella mesenterica) Consists of smooth, shiny and sinuous lobes. The lobes are watery and shapeless in appearance, slightly reminiscent of intestines. The fruiting body is approximately 1-4 cm in height. The color of the fruiting body varies from almost white to bright yellow or orange. Because of large quantity spores located on the surface, the mushroom appears whitish. The pulp is gelatinous, but at the same time strong, odorless. Like all Tremella mesenterica, it tends to dry out, and after rain, it becomes the same again. Found from August to late autumn. Often the fungus persists in winter, forming fruiting bodies with the onset of spring. Grows on dead branches of deciduous trees. If conditions are favorable, it bears fruit very abundantly. It grows on both plains and mountains. In places with a mild climate, it can bear fruit throughout the entire mushroom period. The mushroom is edible, although tasteless, and even has some value, but not in our country. Our mushroom pickers have no idea how to collect this mushroom, how to carry it home and how to cook it so that it does not dissolve.

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• Amber-Brown puffball Brown puffball (Lycoperdon umbrinum). This type of mushroom grows in China, Europe and North America. These mushrooms do not have an open cap with spores. Instead, the spores appear internally, in a spherical body. When mature, the spores form a gleba in the center of the body, which has a characteristic color and texture.

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• Mushroom “earthen star” or starburst (lat. Geastrum). When ripe, this mushroom is shaped like a star with sharp rays downward, and in the center there is a small convex ball - its fruiting body, which contains a spore-bearing sac and releases spores into the air. The color of the “earth star” mushroom is not bright; it grows all over the world and belongs to the puffball mushrooms. Indian tribes used it in medicinal purposes, and they also believed that the “earth star” had the ability to predict celestial phenomena.

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• False morel (lat. Gyromitra esculenta). In appearance, this mushroom resembles a brain. False morels occur naturally in brown and dark purple colors. When prepared correctly, they are a kind of delicacy. However raw mushrooms They are poisonous and therefore require careful heat treatment when preparing them. They should only be prepared by a knowledgeable and experienced person, otherwise death is possible.

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• Bioluminescent mushroom (lat. Mycena Chlorophos). Glow – distinguishing feature all bioluminescent fungi (71 species of such fungi have now been found). Mushrooms of the species Mycena Chlorophos glow yellow-green in the dark during rains. This picture of amazing beauty can be seen in Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Brazil and Puerto Rico.

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The Kingdom of Mushrooms The presentation was prepared by the teacher of 1st grade “A” of GBOU school 237 (SP242) N.N. Gronskaya.

Kingdom of Mushrooms Lesson No. 3 Amazing Mushrooms

Amazing puffball mushrooms A young white puffball mushroom can be applied to the wound. The blood will stop flowing, the pain will subside. White dung beetle Conditionally edible mushroom. It is eaten only by young people. The dung beetle is called the ink mushroom. Ink can be made from it. A signature made with such ink cannot be faked. Polypore If a polypore appears on a tree, it means the tree is sick. Its mycelium penetrates the wood and destroys it, turning it into dust.

Molds and yeasts Molds and yeasts are microscopic fungi. If there is moisture, warmth, nutrients, then they multiply quickly and become visible.

Molds

Penicillin In the early 40s of the last century, the English scientist Alexander Fleming made the famous medicine penicillin from a microscopic mold fungus.

Mushroom bakers, cheese makers, butter makers. . .

Interesting Facts· There are a million known species of mushrooms, but only 10% of them are classified as edible or poisonous. Mushroom spores for a long time can retain their ability to germinate. They can wait for an opportunity not a year or two, but ten or more years - and as soon as the opportunity arises - begin to grow. Sometimes, in the most unexpected places. · It turns out that there are even predatory mushrooms! They feed on worms. · Some mushrooms glow in the dark. · In Switzerland they do not eat porcini mushrooms; they consider them inedible. · Mushrooms contain on average 90% water. · We eat mushrooms every day without even knowing it.

The most beautiful mushrooms in the world

Thank you for your attention!

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Judging by the appearance of this mushroom, you might think that its habitat is the seabed. The fruit body is elongated, vertical, egg-colored with shades of ocher, sometimes slightly reddened. Kalocera adhesive reaches 5–6 cm in length and up to 1 cm in diameter. The fruiting bodies of the colony readily grow together at the base and continue to grow in a small “bush.” The fungus grows in large colonies, less often singly, on the remains of rotten wood. From the point of view of edibility, there are different opinions about Kalocera adhesive; some sources consider it edible, but are silent about its possible processing; others do not mention it at all in the lists of edible mushrooms. However, Kalocera also did not get poisonous. It is believed that due to its small size and rarity, the mushroom never received its place in the culinary ranks, and is considered inedible.

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Clavaria zollingeri (Clavaria zollingeri) A widespread species of mushroom. It has a tube-shaped purple or pinkish-lilac body that grows up to 10 cm tall and 7 cm wide. Scientists have determined that there are about 1,200 species of clavaria, which vary in shades ranging from white to bright orange and purple. These mushrooms grow in many places, mostly in tropical areas, and are considered inedible.

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Azure mushroom (Entoloma hochstetteri) Lives in the forests of New Zealand and India. These blue mushrooms can be poisonous, but their toxicity is poorly understood. It gets its distinctive blue color from the azuline pigment found in its fruiting body, which is also found in some marine invertebrates.

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Four-lobed star mushroom (Geastrum quadrifidum) Refers to puffball mushrooms that can be found in different places and elevations around the world. This unusual mushroom changes its appearance after it emerges from the ground. Its “rays” bend downwards, the round fruiting body rises and releases spores into the air. Grows mostly on sandy soil in deciduous, mixed and coniferous-pine, spruce, pine-spruce and spruce- deciduous forests(among the fallen pine needles). It is considered inedible due to its bitter taste. In some Indian tribes, this mushroom is known for its medicinal properties, and according to legend it predicts upcoming celestial events.

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Elastic grasshopper (Helvella elastica) Grows in moist, sparse, mostly deciduous forests, from July to the end of September, singly or in groups. The cap is two-lobed, saddle-shaped, light yellowish or grayish-brown, whitish or pink below, 1.5-4 cm in width and height. The stalk is up to 7 cm long, 0.2-0.4 cm thick, cylindrical, widened downward, with small and shallow longitudinal grooves, whitish or brownish, smooth. Elastic lobe is conditionally edible. Used dried. When boiled, it can be used only after boiling and removing the decoction.

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Bearded Mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) This mushroom, which looks like a noodle or pom-pom, is known by many names: lion's mane mushroom, bearded tooth mushroom, hedgehog mushroom, etc. At first glance, it does not evoke any associations with a mushroom. This edible mushroom grows on both living and dead trees, and when cooked resembles seafood in color and texture. Not only does it taste good, but it is also used in traditional Chinese medicine for its antioxidant properties and lowering blood glucose levels.

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Bleeding mushroom (Hydnellum peckii) A rather original mushroom that can be found on sandy soils in coniferous forests. The surface of young fruiting bodies is velvety, white, with small tubercles, becoming brown with age. Drops of blood-red liquid appear on the upper surface of young specimens. It grows on the ground in autumn in coniferous (spruce and pine) forests. Inedible due to strong bitter taste. It can be called by different names, but whatever the name, it will definitely be associated with blood or juice. It can be found in North America and is most common in the Pacific Northwest and grows primarily in coniferous forests.

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Blue Milkweed (Lactarius indigo) A fairly common species of mushroom, it grows in eastern North America, East Asia and Central America. It grows on the ground in both deciduous and coniferous forests. The mushroom cap has a diameter of 5 to 15 cm, a denim-blue color, and a shape that changes over time from convex to funnel-shaped. Young mushrooms have a sticky surface layer. The leg, which has a height of 2 to 6 cm and a thickness of 1 to 2.5 cm, is cylindrical in shape, thick, denim blue in color, and may have a silver-gray tint. There is a milky juice of denim blue color, changing to green, acrid in nature. The mushroom is edible and sold in rural markets in Mexico, Guatemala and China.

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Canine mutinus (lat. Mutinus caninus). The young mushroom is pinkish or white in color and oval or elongated in shape. It is not recommended to eat it, since it is still not known for sure whether this mushroom is edible or not. Interestingly, the dark top of the mushroom emits a specific smell, similar to cat excrement, to attract insects. When insects gnaw at the top of the mushroom, it turns orange, and then the entire fruiting body begins to decompose, and after 3-4 days nothing remains of the mushroom.

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Bird's nest (Nidulariaceae) Bird's nest is a mushroom belonging to the group of molds. The mushroom owes its name to its unusual appearance, reminiscent of a bird's nest with tiny eggs. This form contributes to the favorable spread of spores: under the pressure of rainwater entering the nest, the fungus sprays them out within a radius of a meter from itself, which allows it to occupy more and more new territories for reproduction. The Bird's Nest grows mainly in New Zealand on rotting wood, small branches of tree ferns, and sometimes on animal excrement.

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Panellus stipticus The cap is 2-4 cm in diameter, kidney-shaped, lateral, light brown, finely scaly or finely fluffy, with a hairy, slightly curved thin edge. The plates are narrow, frequent, the same color as the cap or darker. The pulp is thin, leathery, brownish. The stalk is 0.5-2 cm high, 0.2-0.6 cm wide, eccentric, thickened towards the top, solid, the same color as the cap, pubescent, then smooth. It grows in large groups, merging with the bases of the legs, on fallen trees and stumps. From April to November. European part of Russia, North Caucasus, Siberia, Primorsky Territory. Inedible.

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Rhodotus palmatus This mushroom is the only representative of the genus in the Physalacriaceae family. Not very common. It is found throughout the northern hemisphere: in eastern North America, northern Africa, Europe and Asia. In Europe it is included in many lists of endangered species. Grows on stumps and decaying wood. The fruiting body of mature mushrooms is a characteristic pink color with a mesh pattern on a dense cap. Size, shape and color vary depending on lighting.

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Orange tremella (Tremella mesenterica) Consists of smooth, shiny and sinuous lobes. The lobes are watery and shapeless in appearance, slightly reminiscent of intestines. The fruiting body is approximately 1-4 cm in height. The color of the fruiting body varies from almost white to bright yellow or orange. Due to the large number of spores located on the surface, the mushroom appears whitish. The pulp is gelatinous, but strong and odorless. Like all Tremellas, Tremella mesenterica tends to dry out, and after rain, it becomes the same again. Found from August to late autumn. Often the fungus persists in winter, forming fruiting bodies with the onset of spring. Grows on dead branches of deciduous trees. If conditions are favorable, it bears fruit very abundantly. It grows on both plains and mountains. In places with a mild climate, it can bear fruit throughout the mushroom period. The mushroom is edible, although tasteless, and even has some value, but not in our country. Our mushroom pickers have no idea how to collect this mushroom, how to carry it home and how to cook it so that it does not dissolve.

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Amber-Brown puffball Brown puffball (Lycoperdon umbrinum). This type of mushroom grows in China, Europe and North America. These mushrooms do not have an open cap with spores. Instead, the spores appear internally, in a spherical body. When mature, the spores form a gleba in the center of the body, which has a characteristic color and texture.

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Mushroom “earthen star” or starburst (lat. Geastrum). When ripe, this mushroom is shaped like a star with sharp rays downward, and in the center there is a small convex ball - its fruiting body, which contains a spore-bearing sac and releases spores into the air. The color of the “earth star” mushroom is not bright; it grows all over the world and belongs to the puffball mushrooms. Indian tribes used it for medicinal purposes, and they also believed that the “earth star” had the ability to predict celestial phenomena.

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False morel (lat. Gyromitra esculenta). In appearance, this mushroom resembles a brain. False morels occur naturally in brown and dark purple colors. When prepared correctly, they are a kind of delicacy. However, raw mushrooms are poisonous, so they require careful heat treatment when cooking. They should only be prepared by a knowledgeable and experienced person, otherwise death is possible.

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Bioluminescent mushroom (lat. Mycena Chlorophos). Glow is a distinctive feature of all bioluminescent mushrooms (71 species of such mushrooms have now been found). Mushrooms of the species Mycena Chlorophos glow yellow-green in the dark during rains. This picture of amazing beauty can be seen in Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Brazil and Puerto Rico.

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Red trellis (lat. Clathrus ruber). In appearance it looks more like a fancy flower than a mushroom representative. The mushroom acquires the appearance of a bright red lattice ball from an ovoid fruiting body, which can reach a height of 10 cm. Mature mushrooms have an unpleasant odor of excrement and rotten meat.

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The Sea Anemone mushroom (Aseroe rubra) is impressive only when mature. Young mushrooms of this species will not attract anyone with their whitish, inconspicuous appearance. However, with age, the mushroom cap is divided into 3-4 parts, forming something like petals, and it becomes clear why the mushroom is called sea ​​anemone. Interestingly, the brown mucus secreted by the fungus has the smell of decaying flesh, which attracts insects. The mushroom is widespread in Australia and the island of Tasmania.

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Devil's cigar (Chorioactis geaster). The devil's cigar is one of the rarest mushrooms in the world. This type of mushroom has been found in central Texas, in two remote areas of Japan, and in Lately they are discovered in the Nara Mountains. In shape and color, this mushroom resembles a cigar, which is why it received its name. Once ripe, the mushroom splits, emitting a soft whistle, and releases a small cloud of spores into the air.

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A rare mushroom listed in the Red Book. Almost all dictyophorans live only in tropical countries. These mushrooms grow very quickly. For example, according to descriptions by German scientists, the Brazilian net mower rises half a meter in two hours, and also glows in the dark with some unearthly, fabulous color. In our literature, the mushroom is known as the “veiled lady” or “veiled lady.” A white mesh veil hangs from under the cap, covering the spongy stem.

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Cup mushrooms belong to the class of marsupial fungi or ascomycetes (related to them are morels and lines). In ascomycetes, fruiting bodies look like glasses, cups or saucers, their inner surface completely covered with spore bags. In summer, such mushrooms can be found on rotten branches and stumps. In the spring, in very damp places, you can see quite large, bright red mushrooms - sarcoscyphae; such mushrooms cannot be eaten, but you can admire their unusual appearance.

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Mycology is the science of mushrooms (from the Greek “mikos” - mushroom). As a science, it arose at the end of the 19th century, its founder F.M. Kamensky. The group of organisms called mushrooms includes up to 100 thousand species, including over 100 edible species. Mushrooms are extremely diverse in size, appearance, and habitats

Mushrooms are a special group of living organisms. Mushrooms are a special group of living beings that do not belong to either plants or animals Mushrooms are a special group of living beings that do not belong to either plants or animals Fungal cells do not contain chloroplasts Fungal cells do not contain chloroplasts Fungi feed on ready-made organic substances They feed mushrooms with ready-made organic substances Mushrooms do not move Mushrooms do not move Mushrooms live in different environments: in the soil and on its surface, in the body of animals and humans. Fungi live in various environments: in the soil and on its surface, in the body of animals and humans.

Variety of mushrooms We often encounter mushrooms: We often encounter mushrooms: mold - mushrooms, mold - mushrooms, an apple has gone bad, an apple has gone bad - this is the work of mushrooms. – this is the work of mushrooms. Unicellular fungi - Unicellular fungi - invisible, invisible invisible, invisible to the human eye multicellular fungi - Multicellular fungi - clearly visible. clearly visible. Powdery mildew Scab Yeast

Memo to the mushroom picker. 1. To pick mushrooms, you need to get up earlier 2. If you find a mushroom, don’t rush to pull it out by the roots, it’s better to cut it with a knife. Can't be thrown around forest floor you will destroy the mycelium 3. Do not collect old and wormy ones - they may contain poison. 4. Don’t pick mushrooms in vain: many animals feed on them.

False honey agaric Grows in groups on the stumps of deciduous trees and around them in August - September, rarely in July. Grows in groups on the stumps of deciduous trees and around them in August - September, rarely in July. Gall mushroom Found from early August to early autumn in various types of forests, preferring conifers. It settles both on the soil and on rotting wood. Poisonous mushrooms

Don't pick mushrooms you don't know. Don't pick mushrooms you don't know. Don't taste the mushrooms! Don't taste the mushrooms! Don't buy mushrooms without stems. They are the ones who can show what kind of mushroom it is. Don't buy mushrooms without stems. They are the ones who can show what kind of mushroom it is.

Do not take overgrown mushrooms; such mushrooms contain more toxic substances. Do not take overgrown mushrooms; such mushrooms contain more toxic substances. Avoid buying mushrooms from unauthorized retail outlets. Avoid buying mushrooms from unauthorized retail outlets.

You cannot pick mushrooms along roads or in industrial zones. You cannot pick mushrooms along roads or in industrial zones. Do not collect mushrooms in very hot weather; due to the heat, more than half of edible mushrooms become poisonous. Do not pick mushrooms in very hot weather; heat causes more than half of edible mushrooms to become poisonous. It is not recommended to eat mushrooms for children under 7 years of age. It is not recommended to eat mushrooms for children under 7 years of age, as well as for elderly people and people with chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. as well as elderly people and people with chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Be careful with edible mushrooms such as russula, tremors, and nigella. They definitely need to be soaked for 1.5-2 hours, or even more.

Within a few minutes, the following arise: Within a few minutes, the following arise: this is weakness, this is weakness, malaise, malaise, an unpleasant sensation in the abdominal area, an unpleasant sensation in the abdominal area, rumbling intestines, rumbling intestines, cramps, and then pain. spasms and then pain. Nausea and vomiting appear 3 hours after consumption. Nausea and vomiting appear 3 hours after consumption.

You must call as soon as possible ambulance, It is necessary to call an ambulance as soon as possible, Rinse the stomach with a large amount warm water Rinse the stomach with plenty of warm water. Take sorbents, for example, activated carbon. Take sorbents, for example, activated carbon.

The role of mushrooms in human economic life Positive role Consumption as food Consumption as food Use for the fermentation process Use for the fermentation process Use for obtaining medicines Use for obtaining medicines Improving the soil Improving the soil Negative role Pathogens of diseases of the feet, hands, nails Pathogens of diseases of the feet, hands, nails Ringworm causes big damage livestock farming, it is a disease of many pets Ringworm causes great damage to livestock farming, it is a disease of many pets 30