Are dolphins really as smart as they are said to be? The ingenious mind of dolphins Do dolphins have a mind

Dolphins are the most intelligent mammals on the ground. The brain of a dolphin and are similar in structure. Despite numerous studies, they remain the most mysterious mammals on earth.

Studies of the extraordinary capabilities of marine life confirmed their intellectual abilities. Using MRI diagnostics, scientists found that the complexity of the brain structures in dolphins is not inferior to the human center, but, on the contrary, in comparison with humans, there are even an order of magnitude more convolutions and nerve cells.

The brain of a bottlenose dolphin has a weight of 1700 gr., only 350 gr. exceeding the weight of the central organ nervous system in an adult male. External difference only in form: in mammals it has the shape of a sphere, the human brain is slightly flattened. The associative area of ​​the cortex is absolutely identical with a person, thus confirming the presence of intelligence in marine life.

The parietal lobe in dolphins is comparable in size to the parietal and frontal lobes in humans. The visual part of the brain (occipital), in mammals is very large.

Despite excellent vision, and the ability to move their eyeballs in different directions, thereby covering a radius of 300 degrees, mammals use ultrasound for vision - directing it to various objects. Pushing off, the sound returns, thereby the dolphin determines the shape and distance to the object.

Unlike humans, dolphin brains can do without sleep, which is fatal to humans. The peculiarity of these creatures is the ability to turn off one half of the center, while maintaining all reactions. One part of the brain takes over all the functions when the other is in a state of sleep - this is tantamount to having two centers.

Dolphins, like humans, have the ability to reproduce sound. Mammals can accurately copy the various noises or trills of birds. Communication between relatives occurs through signals that are formed by the passage of air through the nasal passages.

Dolphin Vocabulary:

• Basic sound signals (about 60);
• Five levels of their different combination;
• 14 thousand different signals.

This is identical to the human vocabulary and if you translate the sound of mammals into words, it will look like a hieroglyph. Dolphins have a good memory and mental capabilities, which allows, like a person, to pass on experience to generations.

feature central office, in cetaceans is the presence of magnetic crystals that orient in a wide expanse of the ocean.

Who is smarter?

Numerous studies of the brain structures of cetaceans confirm their evolutionary development and the presence of a higher form of reason (logic). Australian scientists have attributed dolphins to the closest human relatives, based on DNA analysis.

Perhaps this became the basis for the hypothesis - all cetaceans are the distant ancestors of man and they were forced to leave the land for good reasons. The size of the hemispheres is explained by oxygen starvation and, as a result, an increase in the organ.

Scientists - ichthyologists have proven that the brain of mammals is capable of expressing feelings: jealousy, resentment, love. This indicates the presence of a long-term memory and a mind close to a person.

Certain individuals of dolphins perceive complex linguistic constructions and are capable of analyzing the situation. Their level of intelligence is similar to that of a preschool child.

The big brain in dolphins is not associated with huge intelligence - there are too few neurons. Marine life needs a central organ for spatial orientation and thermoregulation. Based on this, mammals occupy an honorable second place in intellectual development after humans.

If we compare animals in terms of intelligence, then the king of animals will not be a lion at all. The first place will be occupied by dolphins, and the second - by elephants. Monkeys will get only the fourth place. What explains such a "arrangement" in the "hit parade" of abilities?

As you know, in monkeys, visual memory is better developed than auditory. Dolphins are exactly the opposite. They remember sounds much better than pictures. Thanks to this, dolphins distinguish each other by whistling. Each dolphin knows the voices of individuals from its flock and has its own personal "name". With the help of whistles of different lengths, tonality and melody, dolphins communicate with each other. One dolphin, not seeing another, can “whistle” to him which pedal, right or left, you need to press to get the fish. With the help of a whistle, you can also describe to a comrade the size of an obstacle invisible in muddy water. And echolocation impulses will help the dolphin to recognize the obstacle - they play an even greater role in the life of dolphins than vision.

Dolphins are excellent imitators. They not only recognize sounds when listening, but also imitate them themselves. The creak of a rusty door, the gurgling of water, bell ringing, birds chirping - talented dolphins can portray this or that noise in such a way that with eyes closed you can't tell it from the real thing! They can even copy human speech or laughter. If you record such an onomatopoeia on film and then listen at a slow speed, the resemblance to the human voice will clearly manifest itself.

These marine inhabitants well distinguish shades of many colors, except for blue. Memorizing geometric shapes is also not difficult for them. Moreover, dolphins are distinguished from each other by flat and voluminous forms. They will never confuse a paper circle or a square with a ball or a cube. IN Soviet time over dolphins put such an experiment. The trainer showed the ball to the animal, then hid the toy behind the screen. When the screen was parted, the dolphin saw a flat shield and a voluminous box. A ball was hidden in one of the objects. The dolphin only needed to pull the loop connected to the desired object so that the ball fell out. So, even when the experiment was first performed, the dolphins always chose the box and never tried to look for the ball inside the flat shield. So experience has shown that dolphins can distinguish between flat and voluminous objects.

Dolphins easily find attractive objects for them. If you show a dolphin, say, a fish or a ball, and then remove it behind a screen, the dolphin will easily guess where and how to look for the object. The dolphin's eye is also good - you just have to look at the dexterity with which they jump through a hoop or throw the ball into the basket!

Dolphins are very emotional and this can affect the learning process. For example, in the course of scientific experiments, an angry or irritated dolphin makes more mistakes than a calm one. If a person hits or punishes a dolphin, the animal will refuse to perform his tasks and work with him in pairs. Therefore, when training and researching dolphins, they are encouraged with food, games, as well as affection and kindness.

Dolphins have well-developed imitation behavior. They quite easily remember and repeat the actions of other individuals. For example, off the coast of Australia in 2008, a flock of dolphins was seen, where the leader was able to stand on his tail. Other members of the clan quickly adopted this ability, imitating the leader. It is worth considering that this was not a requirement of the hierarchy. The dolphins decided to repeat the trick of the leader out of interest and curiosity.

IN scientific articles a case is described when a female dolphin, having lived for some time in a dolphinarium, began to repeat the numbers after its inhabitants, although she was not specially trained for this. After she was released into the wild, she taught the members of her pack to repeat these tricks.

But dolphins can imitate not only each other. There is a known case when two dolphins living in the same pool with fur seal began to copy his actions. They slept in the same positions as the cat, adopted his manner of swimming, paddling their fins like flippers and keeping their tail motionless, although they did not have a strict need to repeat his actions. Dolphins have even learned to rub their stomachs while lying on their backs near the surface of the water, and yawn, imitating a cat!

The dolphin's brain stores a large amount of information received different ways. But in addition to its accumulation, dolphins know how to use it. They are not alien to the research approach, and it manifests itself in them more often than passivity or caution. They quickly assess the situation and adjust their behavior to it, they are well oriented in what is happening.

I recently posted a post on LiveJournal about dolphins. About their extermination by people
Some comments, from like reasonable people, I was amazed .. - Well, how can you not understand, - they wrote to me under this post, - After all, dolphins eat almost all the fish and people, Danes and Japanese, have nothing to eat ..
- Well, people kill wolves so that wolves do not eat our sheep, sheep, cows .. Wolves are also smart animals ..
The plan of the World Government immediately popped into my head that no more than 500 million inhabitants should remain on Earth.
And in Russia, 10 million is enough, Margaret Thatcher said publicly.
This information is in the public domain, anyone who is interested can study this plan for the depopulation of people on Earth.
There is nothing, they say, to feed all these billions of people. Work to reduce the population has been going on for a long time.
This is also well known. Alcohol, drugs, GMO products, vaccines, vaccinations, chemicals in dishes, in cosmetics, invented diseases. Well, wars, of course, are also there ..
They kill medicine in Russia, that's why, too. Why do we need healthy people?
During the time of Peter the Great, amaranth was almost destroyed. But before that, Russ baked amaranth bread. They ate amaranth, which can very quickly saturate a person.
There are many vitamins in amaranth.
But people are being forced to eat specially the wrong food. Many plants and vegetables that are useful for humans are banned.
And I will never believe that by killing dolphins, a person ceases to be hungry. A person can eat a lot of things. And a lot of things to get enough of, and besides fish, in the end.
Killing dolphins reminds me of Sacrifices. This is the answer of these killings. Since dolphins- sentient beings.By the way, sometimes anyone is interested, dolphins can communicate telepathically. Strong telepaths can understand what they want to convey to a person. Dolphins know each other by name.
Sharks are afraid of dolphins. Why? A flock of dolphins can attack sharks with a powerful psi-blow.
In 1987, a group of scientists arrived at the Batumi Dolphinarium. Among them was Natalya, a telepath. So Natalya was able to establish a telepathic connection with the dolphin Lada.
She was very happy and told about the fact that they have to perform stupid tricks in order not to die of hunger. She also told that the trainer hides fresh fish, and gives them rotten))
Somehow he hit Lada in the muzzle (or face?) When Natalya asked the trainer about all this, he was clearly confused. How did Natalya find out all this?
The trainer could not even imagine that a stupid animal could tell all this ..
Once upon a time, on the island of Crete, there was a cult of the Dolphin. Ancient sculptures of dolphins, images of dolphins are found all over the island. People of the past knew how to get into telepathic communication with dolphins.
In 1949, the American psychoanalyst John Lilly, known for his work in the field of neurophysiology and psychiatry, learned from his fellow zoologists that cetaceans have a brain that surpasses the human brain in absolute weight. This fact shocked Lilly so much that he long years delved into the study of dolphins. After 12 years, the researcher expressed the amazing idea that on our planet, perhaps, there is another truly intelligent humanoid, comparable to a man in terms of his level. mental development. And in 1967, his sensational book “The Mind of a Dolphin. Intelligence beyond the human. The scientist was not afraid to declare to the whole world that people would have to free themselves from the usual ideas about “reasonable man” as the crown of creation.
Dolphins are the second intelligent Race on Earth.
If the Man can again get in touch with them telepathically, the dolphins will be able to tell us a lot about the mysteries of the oceans..

In one of the New York museums, American scientists presented forty photographs taken from a computer screen. They reflected the gradual transformation of a person into a dolphin. This is under hypothetical conditions, if people would completely move to live in the Ocean. Moreover, information about dolphins was not put into the computer.

The machine had no idea about their existence. The result of the calculations was stunning. The computer with all its processors issued not only appearance"aristocrats of the sea", but also their physiological characteristics!

Seeing a dolphin in the sea is considered very a good sign. To communicate with them closer is an incredible happiness. These glorious creatures with intelligent eyes, and look, they will say something in response.

And they know how to speak. This was found out by scientists, putting forward the version that dolphins communicate in their own language. There is an assumption that many years ago we spoke the same way as these cute mammals. It's just that our speech then evolved, and theirs remained at the same level. Is it possible for us to restore the former mutual understanding?

People who spend a lot of time with dolphins say they sing songs about famous events, fish, and everyone - whom they met, rescued or accompanied. And their constant chirping is very pleasant to the ear.

Interestingly, in a similar way, marine intelligences are able to communicate with various species sea ​​creatures. Moreover, dolphins can also make quiet sounds. But only a small percentage of the total population the globe has the ability to hear them.

In the meantime, elementary communication between a dolphin and a human takes place with the help of hand signals and sign language. Although, the trainers of these smiling creatures claim that sometimes all this is not required. Because, mammals accurately understand everything they hear.

Working with people is generally fun for dolphins. And they are always willing to help us in everything. They often provide escorts for ships, jumping and playing nearby. Another one interesting feature these creatures that they live for today and do not let sad memories ruin their lives. They store own stories but see no reason to let history collide with today. Oh, these marine inhabitants could tell a lot ...

Intelligence surprised scientists

Well, scientists have been trying to decipher the incomprehensible language of dolphins for a long time. And George Zipf, a linguist at Harvard University, developed his own way of doing this. He counted the number of times in a typical text on English language there are different letters. Indeed, in a meaningful text, several identical signs cannot stand in a row, they occur with some periodicity.

Then the luminaries plotted the frequencies of the letters in a certain order and on a logarithmic scale. The result is a sloping line with a slope equal to -1. For texts in other languages slope turned out the same. An absolutely random set of letters, which does not carry any information, is located horizontally on the chart, without any inclination.

That is, any abracadabra that has passed through the sieve of mathematical formulas will show a zero result on such a graph. Thus, scientists studied the whistle of dolphins using the Zipf method, and obtained the same slope coefficient as that of human tongues. That is - carrying information!

“So, dolphins are close to us in terms of intelligence,” the scientists concluded. Now it's up to us to understand what these "whistlers" want to tell us?

DIRECT SPEECH

Vladislav TARCHEVSKAYA, a researcher at the Laboratory of Bioacoustics, has been working on the problem of dolphin sound communication for many years:

- It is possible that humans and dolphins are the most intelligent creatures in the universe. Marine life hold extraordinary possibilities. Frequency range sound signals in dolphins significantly overlaps the human. Judge for yourself: if our sound communication occurs in the frequency band up to 20 kHz (and musicians are able to distinguish up to 40 kHz), then in dolphins this “ceiling” is raised to 300 kHz. Moreover, as a result of our research, it turned out that our “brothers” have about the same levels of organization of sounds as a person: six. Sound, syllable, word, phrase, paragraph, context.

In man meaning arises from the 3rd level, that is, from the word. But at what level it begins in a dolphin, we do not yet know. But in terms of complexity, the organization of sound signals in humans and dolphins is almost the same. In general, there are many notable parallels between the two species - Homo sapiens and Orcinus orca. Their lifespan is about the same as that of humans, they mature at the same age, are very sociable and live in families. And they have their own dialects - something like our languages.

Everyone has their own name

There is a legend that dolphins are reincarnated people who previously inhabited Atlantis, which disappeared under the waters of the ocean. Sounds nice. And yet, there is a version that dolphins, like people, have names that they call each other.

DIRECT SPEECH

Pavel Vedenin, psychologist:

- It is true that dolphins are the second intelligent creatures on earth. And, if they lived on land, Darwin would have determined that man originated precisely from them. Dolphins read human thoughts at a great distance. Have you ever watched dolphins frolicking in the sea? They are not at all afraid of people and like to swim quite close to the swimmers. Probably, they would play with us close to the shore, but, obviously, it is too shallow for them. There are cases when dolphins showed quite high "intellectual" abilities.

And getting in touch with them is quite easy. And this has been done for a long time. I do not mean simple training, although it is impressive. But I would like to focus on the fact that these animals are not only trained, but also capable of training, that is, of the conscious fulfillment of the tasks assigned to them. The logical chains that dolphins build are much longer and stronger than any other animal can link.

Aliens from outer space live in the sea

In one of the New York museums, American scientists presented forty photographs taken from a computer screen. They reflected the gradual transformation of a person into a dolphin. This is under hypothetical conditions, if people would completely move to live in the Ocean. Moreover, information about dolphins was not put into the computer. The machine had no idea about their existence. The result of the calculations was stunning. The computer with all its processors gave out not only the appearance of the "aristocrats of the sea", but also their physiological characteristics!

There is other circumstantial evidence that dolphins are the closest relatives. modern man. For example, a Chinese biologist shocked the scientific world by claiming that dolphins are descendants of aliens from outer space. Here's an amendment: Professor Hsu Sensung has no doubt that some dolphins have a higher IQ than humans. He also claims to be in telepathic contact with them.

Wards of the professor transmit signals to him. He perceives them as thoughts and images. From which he drew: the ancestors of dolphins flew to Earth on interstellar ships 100 thousand years ago. They were forced to leave their own planet due to terrible environmental issues. However, on Earth, their technology proved unusable, and centuries later, the civilization of stellar aliens fell into complete decline ...

Sometimes "gray ufonauts" paralyze a person from a distance ... Someone will grin, thinking that this is just modern myths, fairy tales of people with an acutely unbridled fantasy. But let's not rush to draw the line. What now opens modern science in the field of dolphinology, and completely covers the most incredible fantasies and legends about the life of toothed cetaceans a hundred times.

One of the latest hypotheses was put forward by an astronomer from the Kennedy Space Center - Simon Clark. In his opinion, dolphins are the indigenous inhabitants of one of the moons of Jupiter. Forget about the "little green men" - the most smart creatures after the man in our solar system maybe dolphins,” said the scientist.

The fact is that when NASA launched several years ago space station Galileo flew only 400 kilometers from Jupiter's moon Europa, its sensitive radio detectors recorded some movement under the ice in the ocean.

Sound sensors picked up a whistle coming directly from under the ice. Then a directive from the highest echelons of power ordered NASA to classify all data about the Galileo program. Therefore, the details of the discovery became known only recently.

“After these facts were transmitted to Earth and subjected to careful computer analysis,” Clark said, “scientists were amazed. The audiograph showed that the frequency of sounds coming from Europa's ocean was identical to the sounds made by terrestrial dolphins! The error rate is 0.001 percent.

Although on this moment it is impossible to say what kind of creatures are “talking” in the oceans of Europe, scientists hypothesize that organisms similar to our earthly dolphins live on the distant moon of Jupiter.

DIRECT SPEECH

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the State Oceanarium of Ukraine (Sevastopol) Lyudmila Lukina:

- For a long time the science of marine mammals considered dolphins secondary aquatic. IN glacial period in conditions of extreme cooling, they went under water, adapted, turned into cute charming creatures. And there was plenty of evidence for that. And now there is a theory that this is a parallel human civilization.

There are disputes about the origin of cute cetaceans, various hypotheses are discussed, but the mystery of the dolphin pedigree has not yet been solved. In any case, scientists are still unable to say anything worthwhile about their origin. The boundless distances of time remain for us an intriguing and, alas, unsolved mystery.

http://cloudwatcher.ru

Scientists have done unexpected discovery Dolphins and humans are probably distant relatives. Perhaps they managed to find confirmation of the myths and ancient legends about dolphins. Through extensive research, experts have found that blood dolphin a (including other marine mammals) and man is very similar in composition. This news stunned everyone. But that's not all. Scientist Christopher Moore (McGovern Institute for Brain Research), stated that the blood of a dolphin not only transports oxygen and nutrients throughout the body as in humans, but still affects the process of thinking! In other words, blood actively regulates the information processing that nerve cells perform. If this theory is confirmed, then we can safely say that dolphins and humans think the same way.

In 1949, zoologists proved that all cetacean animals that live in the depths of the sea have a brain that is larger in absolute weight than that of humans. This discovery greatly surprised the American psychoanalyst John Lilly, who became famous for his work in psychiatry and neurophysiology. After such high-profile discoveries, he immersed himself in a more detailed study of dolphins for twelve years. After a large number conducted experiments, the scientist expressed a rather amazing theory that dolphins are people of the sea. Perhaps, intelligent humanoids live near us. In addition, in 1967 he published the well-known book The Mind of a Dolphin. Intelligence beyond the human. John Lilly declared to the whole world that we have yet to part with the opinion that a reasonable person is the crown of creation.

Anthropologists also added colors to this hypothesis. They found that during the period of global cooling, the ancestors of people who lived off the coast indian ocean led a semi-aquatic life. They foraged for their food in shallow water. And most likely, over time, they moved deeper and deeper from the cold and icy land into the sea. Gradually, from a long swim under water, these people disappeared hairline, and the body gained "subcutaneous fat". They have learned to control their breathing underwater. After all, they needed to dive for edible algae and shellfish.

A million years ago, the ancestors of today's dolphins did just that. But over time, they left the land and forever went to sea ​​depths. This is proved by excavations and the very structure of the front fins in modern dolphins. It turns out that under the flippers of all representatives of cetaceans, brushes are hidden, which are very similar to a brush human hand.

Even Plato and Herodotus in their writings suggested that after Atlantis disappeared, some of the inhabitants turned into "water people." These people have created their underwater state on the remnants of a continent that has sunk into the sea. In ancient Indian writings, a certain people of the Danavas is mentioned, who lived under water. In various medieval books, there are also references to reservoirs in which strange creatures lived. They had both a human appearance and at the same time very similar to the underwater inhabitants.