Eurasian Economic Union. Eurasian Economic Union. Goals and history of creation Creation of the Eurasian Economic Union

The idea was proposed by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. Back in 1994, he came up with an initiative to unite the countries of Eurasia, which would be based on a common economic space and defense policy.

Twenty years later

On May 29, 2014, in Astana, the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan signed an agreement on the Eurasian Economic Union, which came into force on January 1, 2015. The next day - January 2 - Armenia became a member of the union, and on August 12 of the same year, Kyrgyzstan joined the organization.

For twenty years, since Nazarbayev's proposal, there has been forward movement. In 1995, Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus signed an agreement on the Customs Union, designed to ensure free exchange of goods between states, as well as fair competition among business entities.

Thus, the first stone was laid in the integration of the former republics of the USSR, based on deeper principles than those on which the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), created at the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, was based.

Other states in the region have also shown interest in the Customs Union, in particular, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan have joined it. The process smoothly moved to a new stage - in 1999, the participating countries Customs Union signed an agreement on the Common Economic Space, and in the following 2000, Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan established the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC).

Things didn't always go smoothly. Disagreements arose between the states, but in the disputes a legal basis for cooperation was born - in 2010, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan signed 17 basic international treaties, on the basis of which the Customs Union began to operate in a new way. A unified customs tariff was adopted, customs clearance and customs control at internal borders, the movement of goods within the territory of the three states has become unhindered.

The following year, 2011, countries moved to create a single economic space. In December, a corresponding agreement was signed between Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, which came into force on January 1, 2012. According to the agreement, not only goods, but also services, capital, and labor began to move freely on the territory of these countries.

Eurasian economic union(EAEU) became a logical continuation of this process.

Objectives of the Union

The main goals of the creation of the EAEU according to the agreement are stated:

• creating conditions for sustainable development the economies of the states that have joined the organization, in the interests of improving the living standards of their population;
• the formation within the framework of the union of a single market for goods, services, capital and labor resources;
• comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies in the context of the process of economic globalization.

Controls

The main body of the EAEU is the Supreme Eurasian Council economic council, which consists of the heads of state of the organization's members. The Council's tasks include deciding strategically important issues functioning of the union, determining areas of activity, prospects for the development of integration, making decisions aimed at realizing the goals of the EAEU.

Regular meetings of the council are held at least once a year, and extraordinary meetings are convened on the initiative of any member state of the organization or acting on this moment Chairman of the Council.

Another governing body of the EAEU is the Intergovernmental Council, which includes heads of government. Its meetings are held at least twice a year. The agenda of the meetings is formed by the permanent regulatory body of the Union - the Eurasian Economic Commission, whose powers include:

• Transfer and distribution of import customs duties;
• establishment of trade regimes in relation to third countries;
• statistics of foreign and mutual trade;
• industrial and agricultural subsidies;
• energy policy;
• natural monopolies;
• mutual trade in services and investments;
• transport and transportation;
• monetary policy;
• protection and protection of the results of intellectual activity and means of individualization of goods, works and services;
• customs tariff and non-tariff regulation;
• customs administration;
• and others, in total about 170 functions of the EAEU.

There is also a permanent Court of the Union, which consists of two judges from each state. The Court considers disputes arising on the implementation of the main treaty and international treaties within the Union and decisions of its governing bodies. Both member states of the Union and individual entrepreneurs operating on their territory can apply to the court.

Membership in the EAEU

The Union is open for any state to join, and not only the Eurasian region. The main thing is to share its goals and principles, as well as to comply with the conditions agreed upon with the members of the EAEU.

At the first stage, it is necessary to obtain the status of a candidate state. To do this, it is necessary to send a corresponding appeal to the Chairman of the Supreme Council. Under his leadership, the council will decide whether or not to grant candidate state status to the applicant. If the decision is positive, a working group will be created; it consists of representatives of the candidate state, current members of the Union, and its governing bodies.

The working group determines the degree of readiness of the candidate state to assume the obligations arising from fundamental documents Union, then the working group develops a plan of activities necessary for joining the organization, determines the scope of rights and obligations of the candidate state, and then the format of its participation in the work of the Union’s bodies.

Currently, there are a number of potential applicants for candidate status to join the EAEU. Among them are the following states:

• Tajikistan;
• Moldova;
• Uzbekistan;
• Mongolia;
• Türkiye;
• Tunisia;
• Iran;
• Syria;
• Turkmenistan.

According to experts, the most ready countries for cooperation in this format are Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

Another form of cooperation with the EAEU is the status of an observer state. It is acquired in a similar way to the status of a candidate for membership and gives the right to take part in the work of the Council’s bodies and to get acquainted with accepted documents, with the exception of documents that are confidential.

On May 14, 2018, Moldova received EAEU observer status. In general, according to Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, about 50 states are currently interested in cooperation with the Eurasian Economic Union.

Eurasian Economic Union - international organization regional economic integration, which has international legal personality and established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union.

List of member countries of the Customs Union in 2018

The EAEU ensures freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and work force, as well as the implementation of coordinated, coordinated or unified policies in sectors of the economy.

The member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic and the Russian Federation.

The EAEU was created for the purpose of comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies and creating conditions for stable development in the interests of improving the living standards of the population of the member states.

Customs Union of the EAEU

The EAEU Customs Union is a form of trade and economic integration of the participating countries, providing for a single customs territory within which customs duties and economic restrictions are not applied in mutual trade in goods, with the exception of special protective, anti-dumping and countervailing measures. At the same time, member countries of the Customs Union apply uniform customs tariffs and other regulatory measures when trading with third countries.

The single customs territory of the Customs Union consists of the territories of the member countries of the Customs Union, as well as artificial islands, installations, structures and other objects over which the member states of the Customs Union have exclusive jurisdiction.

Member countries of the Customs Union:

• Kazakhstan - from July 1, 2010
• Russia - from July 1, 2010
• Belarus - since July 6, 2010
• Armenia - since October 10, 2014
• Kyrgyzstan - since May 8, 2015

Officials of the member states of the Customs Union have repeatedly stated that they view this organization as open to the entry of other countries. Negotiations are already underway with some countries to join the Customs Union, so it is likely that the territory of the Customs Union will soon be significantly expanded.

Technical regulation in the EAEU Customs Union

Technical regulation is one of the key elements of integration of the member states of the Customs Union.

The mechanisms contained in technical regulation make it possible to eliminate numerous, in many cases artificially created, technical barriers to trade, which are a serious problem for business. This is helped by the legal framework created over several recent years, including thanks to the efforts of specialists from the Eurasian Economic Commission.

Within the framework of the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Community, the following main international agreements have been adopted to date, designed to simplify the movement of goods on the territory of the participating states:

• Agreement on the implementation of a coordinated policy in the field of technical regulation, sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;
• Agreement on common principles and rules of technical regulation;
• Agreement on the basis of harmonization of technical regulations;
• Agreement on the application of the Unified Mark of Product Circulation on the market of the EAEU Member States;
• Establishment Agreement information system EAEU in the field of technical regulation, sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;
• Agreement on the circulation of products subject to mandatory assessment (confirmation) of conformity in the territory of the Customs Union;
• Agreement on mutual recognition of accreditation of certification bodies (conformity assessment) and testing laboratories(centers) performing work to confirm compliance.

You can obtain detailed information about technical regulation in the EAEU Customs Union from a special brochure prepared by specialists of the Eurasian Economic Commission:

Eurasian Economic Union

1. Participation in work to improve the customs legislation of the EAEU, including in the development and implementation of the provisions of the EAEU Customs Code

The main area of ​​cooperation between the customs services of the member states Eurasian Economic Union(EAEU) currently means improving the legal framework in the field of customs regulation.

Effective from January 1, 2018 Customs Code EAEU. The Federal Customs Service of Russia is actively involved in the preparation of draft EEC decisions provided for by the new code.

The customs services of 5 countries work closely together within the framework of meetings of the Advisory Committee on Customs Regulation under the EEC, as well as in work to coordinate draft decisions of the EEC.

2. Participation in the work of the Joint Board of Customs Services of the Member States of the Customs Union

The Joint Board of Customs Services of the Member States of the Customs Union (hereinafter referred to as the Joint Board) coordinates practical actions customs services of the EAEU member states, within the framework of the application of uniform principles of customs administration, acts as a platform for discussion and development of mutually acceptable unified solutions, as well as the prompt resolution of problems in the field of customs affairs.

The Joint Board was formed in accordance with the Treaty between the governments of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and Russian Federation dated June 22, 2011. In 2015, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan acceded to the Treaty.

The Chairman of the Joint Board is the head of the Federal Customs Service of the Russian Federation.

The Deputy Chairmen of the Joint Board are the heads of customs services of all EAEU member states.

The functions of the working apparatus - the Secretariat of the Joint Board - are performed by the customs service of the Russian Federation.

The main tasks of the Joint Board are:

— coordination of the activities of the customs services of countries within the EAEU;

— participation in the formation of a unified legal framework of the EAEU on customs issues in terms of the competence of national customs services;

— ensuring uniform application of the customs legislation of the EAEU within its competence;

— ensuring a unified procedure for organizing customs clearance and customs control of goods and Vehicle and facilitating the implementation of customs policy in the single customs territory of the EAEU.

Under the Joint Board, 9 working groups have been created in the most important areas of customs administration, including on the classification of goods, protection of intellectual property, on customs examination and expert research, on the development of a risk management system in the customs authorities of the EAEU member states, on the development and application of customs control after the release of goods, on improving the procedure for administering customs and other payments collected by customs authorities, and other issues.

The creation of the Joint Board made it possible to effectively, promptly and on uniform principles decide wide range practical issues of the functioning of the Union, develop common customs technologies and apply them uniformly.

In 2017, 4 meetings of the Joint Board were held, as a result of which 99 decisions were made on issues of practical interaction between the customs services of the EAEU member states, simplification of customs administration and unity of law enforcement practice.

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* 2019: Pensions for migrant workers

In June 2019, it became known that Russia will begin paying pensions to labor migrants from the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union - Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

The decision is being prepared as part of the union pension agreement.

According to the document, which was prepared in March and must be ratified by the EAEU member countries by the end of 2019, the country in which the migrant worked and made contributions to Pension Fund, will pay him a pension after returning home.

The new measures will help restore the influx of labor migrants, which last year fell to its lowest level in post-Soviet history and no longer covers the natural population decline.

2018: China and the EAEU signed an agreement on trade and economic cooperation

An agreement on trade and economic cooperation between the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and China was signed in May 2018 during the Astana Economic Forum, which takes place on Thursday in the capital of Kazakhstan, a RIA Novosti correspondent reports.

According to the EEC press service, the EAEU and China have been negotiating an agreement on trade and economic cooperation over the past two years. Agreements were reached on wide-format and industry cooperation. The agreement sets a high standard of regulation in various fields, including the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights.

Earlier, the Minister of National Economy of Kazakhstan, Timur Suleimenov, said that “the agreement is non-preferential in nature and does not provide for the abolition of duties or the automatic reduction of non-tariff barriers.”

2017: Plan for connecting transport routes with the Silk Road Belt

As Adamkul Zhunusov noted in 2017, cooperation between the EAEU countries and the People’s Republic of China opens up enormous opportunities for the development of economic ties, trade, and the creation of new transport routes between Europe and Asia, which will significantly increase economic potential. From the implementation of a joint project with China on integration of the EAEU and the Silk Road Economic Belt, a significant synergistic effect is expected.

Part of the infrastructure projects will be financed from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank and the Fund Silk Road. As a first step, the Chinese side proposed that states located along the Silk Road formulate a list of pilot projects taking into account common interests. Such a list of 39 projects has already been prepared by a specially created working group and approved by the ministers of transport of the Union member states, Zhunusov recalled. Among the most significant joint initiatives, he noted the construction of new roads within the framework of the international transport route Europe - Western China with a length of 8,445 km, the Moscow-Kazan high-speed highway with a length of 770 km (within the framework of the Moscow-Beijing high-speed line), the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway as a southern branches of the Eurasian continental bridge, opening access to the markets of Western Asia and the Middle East. The EEC Minister placed special emphasis on the implementation of the Southern Railway Armenia – Iran”, which connects the existing railway system of Armenia with Iran. For a substantive discussion of these projects, it was decided to invite the Minister of Transport of China, Li Xiaopeng, to the next Meeting of the Ministers of Transport of the Union member states in December 2017, said Adamkul Zhunusov.

2015: Formation of the union

2014: Signing of documents on the creation of the EAEU

On May 29, 2014, in Astana, the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan signed documents on the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in 2015. The Treaty was concluded with the aim of ensuring economic progress through joint actions aimed at solving the common tasks facing the member states on sustainable economic development, comprehensive modernization and strengthening the competitiveness of national economies within the global economy.

The management system will be similar to the one that has been in place since 2012 after the transformation of the Customs Union into the Common Economic Space (SES). Members of the board of the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and its chairman Viktor Khristenko will retain their positions. The agreement completes the five-year stage of formation of the union, which began in 2009 with the creation of the Customs Union, explains EEC Trade Minister Andrey Slepnev: the union will become an independent entity international law.

Single market for goods and services

The three countries agree to create a single market for goods and services, although it will not be fully operational until 2025 - single markets for gas and oil must be created. The trade policy of the EAEU will not change: uniform customs regulations and tariffs, free movement of goods. The standards for the distribution of income from import duties will not change: 87.97% will go to Russia, 7.33% to Kazakhstan, 4.7% to Belarus.

The agreement spells out mechanisms to protect the market from imports. Seasonal duties may be established for a period of up to 6 months, and protective, anti-dumping and countervailing measures may be applied.

“In critical circumstances,” the EAEU Commission may impose retroactive anti-dumping duties for 200 days until the investigation is completed. While the anti-dumping investigation is ongoing, there is a risk that importers will bring in a year's supply of goods, and this damage needs to be prevented. This is a WTO-approved instrument,” says Slepnev.

Severstal CEO Alexei Mordashov asked Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev about the possibility of introducing such duties back in 2013. Without this, protective investigations are pointless, he explained.

Single regime for investments

It is planned to unify the investment regime in the countries of the union. Investors will have the right to compensate, at the expense of the state, for damage to their investments as a result of unrest, wars and revolutions. The nationalization of private assets, on the one hand, is prohibited, on the other, the investment protection annex describes the compensation mechanism: it must be market-based, paid quickly, and interest may be charged for delays.

The Eurasian Economic Union is an international organization of regional economic integration with international legal personality and created for the purpose of comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies and creating conditions for stable development in the interests of increasing the living standards of the population of the member states. The EAEU ensures freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor, as well as the implementation of a coordinated, coordinated or unified policy in sectors of the economy.

The Eurasian Economic Union is the successor to the Eurasian Economic Council, which operated from 2001 to 2014. In October 2014, the heads of state discussed the results of 14 years of work of the EurAsEC and came to the conclusion that the format of this union had justified itself, but had exhausted itself. The Interstate Council of the EurAsEC adopted the Agreement “On the termination of the activities of the Eurasian Economic Community.” On May 29, 2014, an agreement on the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union was signed in Astana. The document will come into force on January 1, 2015. In October 2014, Armenia joined the EAEU, and on December 23, President of Kyrgyzstan Almazbek Atambaev signed the Treaty of Accession of the Kyrgyz Republic to the Eurasian Union. In order to become a full member of the EAEU, the country needed time to bring its infrastructure to common standards. On May 8, 2015, Kyrgyzstan officially joined the Eurasian Economic Union. A protocol on this was signed in Moscow at a meeting of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council by the heads of the member countries of the union.

The current member states of the Eurasian Economic Union are: the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation and Kyrgyzstan.

The macroeconomic effect from the integration of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan into the EAEU is created due to:

• Reduced prices for goods due to reduced costs of transporting raw materials or exporting finished products.
• Stimulating “healthy” competition in common market EAEU through an equal level of economic development.
• Increasing competition in the common market of member countries due to the entry of new countries into the market.
• Increase in average wages, thanks to reduced costs and increased productivity.
• Increasing production due to increased demand for goods.
• Increasing the well-being of the people of the EAEU countries, thanks to lower food prices and increased employment.
• Increasing the return on investment of new technologies and products due to increased market volume.

Supreme Eurasian Economic Council– highest body of the Union, which includes the Presidents of the Union member states. It meets at least once a year and the decisions taken by the Council are binding in all member states.

Eurasian Intergovernmental Economic Council– a body composed of the heads of government of member states. Meets at least twice a year.

Eurasian Economic Commission is a permanent supranational regulatory body of the Union, which is formed by the Council of the Commission and the Board of the Commission. The main tasks of the Commission are to ensure conditions for the functioning and development of the Union, as well as to develop proposals in the field of economic integration within the Union.

Union Court– the judicial body of the Union, ensuring the application by member states and bodies of the Union of the Treaty on the EAEU and other international treaties within the Union.

Most important tasks The EAEU is accelerating technological development industrial complexes countries of the EAEU, import substitution of industrial goods in the common market of the union and increasing exports of manufacturing products.

Activities:

Currently, the participating countries are discussing the experience of creating national networks of industrial cooperation and subcontracting, the functioning of exchanges and regional centers industrial outsourcing as effective tools for finding and interacting with industrial partners in the EAEU states.

The issue of the formation and functioning of Eurasian technological platforms as an effective tool for implementing industrial cooperation within the Union is being considered. They will be created on the basis of public-private partnership. To date, seven pilot Eurasian technology platforms have already been formed (“Supercomputers”, “Medicine of the Future”, “LEDs”, “Photonics”, “Light Industry”, “Technologies of the food and processing industry of the agro-industrial complex” and “Bioenergy”). With the help of these platforms, the internal market of the EAEU will not only be filled, but the export of its products to third countries will also develop.

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) is currently the main integration project in the post-Soviet space of the Commonwealth Independent States. The EAEU is “an international organization for regional economic integration, possessing international legal personality and established by the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union” (EAEU. Official website).

The Agreement “On the Eurasian Economic Union” was signed on May 29, 2014 in Astana (Kazakhstan) and entered into force on January 1, 2015. The EAEU ensures freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor, as well as the implementation of a coordinated, coordinated or unified policy in sectors of the economy. The fundamental principles of the EAEU were created for the purpose of comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of the national economies of the member countries and creating conditions for stable development in the interests of improving the living standards of the population of the member states.

As of July 1, 2015, members of the EAEU are the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Armenia, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Russian Federation.

EAEU governing bodies:

• Supreme Eurasian Economic Council – supreme body the Union, which includes the presidents of the member states of the Union;
• The Eurasian Intergovernmental Economic Council is a body composed of heads of government of member states;
• The Eurasian Economic Commission is a permanent supranational regulatory body of the Union, which is formed by the Council of the Commission and the Board of the Commission. The main objectives of the Commission are to ensure conditions for the functioning and development of the Union, as well as to develop proposals in the field of economic integration within the Union;
• The Court of the Union is the judicial body of the Union, ensuring the application by member states and bodies of the Union of the Treaty on the EAEU and other international treaties within the Union.

Key milestones in the development of the EAEU

1994– in Moscow the idea (N.A. Nazarbayev) of forming the Eurasian Union of States was first voiced; In the presented integration project, the name Eurasian Union was used for the first time.

1995– the Agreement on the Customs Union was signed in Moscow (by the governments of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation, on the one hand, and the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan, on the other hand), aimed at “ further development balanced and mutually beneficial relations" between the parties, namely, to eliminate obstacles to free economic interaction between economic entities of the parties, ensure free exchange of goods and fair competition, and ultimately guarantee sustainable development national economies.

1996– an Agreement on deepening integration in the economic and humanitarian fields was signed in Moscow (by the presidents of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation).

1999– the Agreement on the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space was signed in Moscow (by the presidents of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Russian Federation).

2000– the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) was established in Astana (by the presidents of the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Republic of Tajikistan and the Russian Federation) in order to effectively promote the process of forming the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space.

2003– in Yalta, an Agreement was signed on the formation of a Common Economic Space (by the presidents of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Russian Federation and Ukraine), ensuring the free movement of goods, services and labor.

2007– in Dushanbe, an Agreement was signed on the creation of a single customs territory and the formation of the Customs Union of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, which sets the goal of “ensuring the free movement of goods in mutual trade and favorable terms of trade of the Customs Union with third countries, as well as the development of economic integration of the parties."

2010– the Customs Union of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation began to function: the Unified Customs Tariff was introduced, customs clearance and customs control at internal borders were abolished, unimpeded movement of goods was ensured on the territory of the three states; 17 basic international treaties were adopted, creating the basis for the beginning of the functioning of the Common Economic Space; the Declaration on the formation of the Common Economic Space of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation was signed (by the presidents of the three countries), in order to ensure harmonious, complementary and mutually beneficial cooperation with other countries, international economic associations and European Union with the goal of creating a common economic space.

2011– the Declaration on Eurasian Economic Integration was signed (by the presidents of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation), which declared the transition “to the next stage of integration construction - the Common Economic Space (SES)”, based “on the principles of compliance with generally accepted norms of international law, including respect sovereignty and equality of states, affirmation of fundamental human rights and freedoms, the rule of law and market economy"; a decision was made “On the entry into force of international treaties forming the Common Economic Space of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation”, which determined the entry into force of the agreements forming the Common Economic Space from January 1, 2012.

2012– entry into force of international treaties forming legal basis The single economic space of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation, creating the basis for the free movement of not only goods, but also services, capital and labor; the beginning of the work of the Eurasian Economic Commission with headquarters in Moscow.

2014– signing of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) (by the presidents of the CU and SES member states), the Treaty on the accession of the Republic of Armenia to the EAEU, the Treaty on the accession of the Kyrgyz Republic to the EAEU.

2015– entry into force of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).

In Astana (Kazakhstan) by the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. Came into force on January 1, 2015.

: Armenia (since January 2, 2015), Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan (since August 12, 2015) and Russia.

The population of the EAEU countries as of January 1, 2016 was 182.7 million people (2.5% of the world population). Gross domestic product in EAEU countries in 2014 amounted to $2.2 trillion (3.2% of global GDP). Volume industrial production reached $1.3 trillion (3.7% of global industrial production). Volume foreign trade EAEU goods with third countries in 2014 amounted to $877.6 billion (3.7% of world exports, 2.3% of world imports).

The Eurasian Economic Union was created on the basis of the Customs Union of Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus and the Common Economic Space as an international organization of regional economic integration with international legal personality.

Within the framework of the Union, freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor is ensured, as well as the implementation of a coordinated, coordinated or unified policy in key sectors of the economy.

The idea of ​​creating the EAEU was laid down in the Declaration on Eurasian Economic Integration adopted by the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan on November 18, 2011. It sets out the goals of Eurasian economic integration for the future, including the declared task of creating the Eurasian Economic Union by January 1, 2015.

The creation of the EAEU means a transition to the next stage of integration after the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space.

The main goals of the Union are:

— creating conditions for the stable development of the economies of the member states in the interests of improving the living standards of their population;

— the desire to form a single market for goods, services, capital and labor resources within the Union;

— comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies in the global economy.

The highest body of the EAEU is the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council (SEEC), which includes the heads of member states. The SEEC considers fundamental issues of the Union's activities, determines the strategy, directions and prospects for the development of integration and makes decisions aimed at realizing the goals of the Union.

Meetings of the Supreme Council are held at least once a year. To resolve urgent issues of the Union's activities, extraordinary meetings of the Supreme Council may be convened at the initiative of any of the member states or the chairman of the Supreme Council.

The implementation and control over the execution of the EAEU Treaty, international treaties within the Union and decisions of the Supreme Council is ensured by the Intergovernmental Council (IGC), consisting of the heads of government of the member states. Meetings of the Intergovernmental Council are held as necessary, but at least twice a year.

The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is a permanent supranational regulatory body of the Union with headquarters in Moscow. The main tasks of the Commission are to ensure conditions for the functioning and development of the Union, as well as to develop proposals in the field of economic integration within the Union.

The Union Court is a judicial body of the Union that ensures the application by member states and bodies of the Union of the Treaty on the EAEU and other international treaties within the Union.

The chairmanship of the SEEC, EMU and the EEC Council (the level of vice-premiers) is carried out on a rotational basis in the order of the Russian alphabet by one member state for one calendar year without the right of extension.

In 2016, Kazakhstan presides over these bodies.