The dangerous legacy of Novodvorskaya. Novodvorskaya, Valeria Ilyinichna Valeria Novodvorskaya father Burshtyn Ilya Borukhovich

Novodvorskaya's father: During the forced "treatment" in a psychiatric hospital, Lera was forever deprived of the opportunity to become a mother

The father of the Russian oppositionist Valeria Novodvorskaya, who died on July 12, 2014, 92-year-old Ilya Burshtyn lives in the United States. Journalist Rahel Gedrich spoke with Ilya Borisovich for the publication "Krugozor" about the childhood years of the future dissident, her first political action, the horrors of punitive psychiatry that Novodvorskaya was subjected to by the Soviet authorities, and about her relationship with her daughter after his departure to the United States.

At the beginning of April this year, 2015, a friend called me - New York poetess Irina Aks:

- Rachel! Do you know that Valeria Novodvorskaya's father lives in America? He never gave an interview to anyone about his daughter. After her death, he withdrew into himself ... Very interesting person, a veteran of the Great Patriotic War, an active participant in our poetry evenings. And he is ready to meet with you, he wants to talk about Valeria Ilyinichna.

It was difficult to refuse such an unexpected, but tempting offer. Luckily, my friends from the club of the author's song "Blue Trolleybus" kindly undertook to give me a lift to visit Ilya Borisovich Burshtyn and his wife Lidia Nikolaevna, who live in the neighboring state of New Jersey. Burshtyn is real name father of Valeria Ilyinichna Novodvorskaya.

He greeted me cordially, showed me the books donated by his daughter, and led me into a cozy bright kitchen-dining room. And we talked very sincerely for two hours, which, thanks to an interesting interlocutor, flew by for me completely unnoticed.

- Ilya Borisovich, how did you meet Valeria's mother?

Nina Feodorovna's father - a hereditary nobleman, a very nice person Fyodor Novodvorsky - lived in Moscow. Nina came to him from Belarus, where she lived with her mother, and entered the First Medical Institute, where my friend studied. After demobilization in 1947, I entered the radiophysics department of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. So we met Nina Fedorovna and got married in Moscow. And Nina went to give birth to her mother in Baranovichi, on demolition - she was almost taken off the train, but she drove home and a few hours later gave birth to a daughter.

It was May 17, 1950. My wife and I were expecting a son, but a girl was born - okay, healthy - and that's good. Soon I passed the summer exams and also came to Belarus to my family, for the first time I took my daughter in my arms. At the end of August, my wife and I left Leroux with her grandmother and left for Moscow. I continued to study, and Nina went to work. She was a pediatrician, later worked in the Moscow Department of Health.

We visited our daughter twice a year. Lera's grandmother loved her very much and devoted a lot of energy to her upbringing. Her name was Marya Vladimirovna, she was strict, but she was disposed towards me, she trusted me to walk with Lera, to ride her daughter on a sled in winter. After Nina Fedorovna and I divorced in 1967, Marya Vladimirovna moved to Moscow and lived with her daughter and granddaughter. I visited them, we talked for a long time. She lived a long decent life and died when I was already living in America.

- Why did Valeria Ilyinichna bear her mother's surname?

Such a time… Jewish surnames were unpopular. The case of poisoning doctors was already gaining momentum, which in the materials of the investigation bore a frank name: "The case of the Zionist conspiracy in the MGB." The flywheel of the "Case of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee" was spinning, especially after the assassination of Mikhoels on Stalin's orders in 1948. Relations of the USSR with recently formed state Israel were very cool - the reaction of Soviet Jews to the visit of Golda Meir to Moscow was too enthusiastic. Stalin built his tricky plans for the resettlement of all the Jews of the USSR to the Far East.

- Is Burshtyn really Jewish surname? More like Polish...

All right. My parents - Sonya and Boruch - were from Poland, they came to Moscow from Warsaw in 1918. Then they wanted to return, but the Poles organized their own independent state and parents stayed Soviet Russia. My older sister and brother were born in Warsaw, and this "questionnaire" fact greatly interfered with them later, although at the time of their birth Poland was part of Russian Empire. I did not know my grandparents - they died in the Warsaw ghetto. I only remember how I went to the post office with my father before the war, sent them parcels - already in the ghetto ...

I never hid my Jewishness. The documents always indicated: Ilya Borisovich Burshtyn. And the military ID is the same. What my last name means, I did not know as a child. Already working, I came on a business trip to Vilnius (there were a lot of Poles there then) and heard a phrase that surprised me:

- How much is this your burshtyn?

It turned out that in translation from Polish "burshtyn" means "amber".

- "Gift of the Sun"?

I prefer the name "tears of the sea" ...

- Ilya Borisovich, how did you get to the front?

In July 1941, he volunteered for the army. He was a signalman, and therefore survived. Now I’m reading about the misadventures of the infantry during that war, and I’m even somehow ashamed to stick out my military merits. The infantrymen, of course, were a hundred times harder.

- Where did you end the war?

Fought on the Third Belorussian Front, ended the war in Koenigsberg ( Ilya Borisovich is modestly silent about participation in the storming of the city and awarding the military order).

- Were injured?

No. There were no injuries, he was not taken prisoner. The Lord kept me. I do not know - Jewish or Russian, but He kept me.

- Ilya Borisovich, we all have one God, he has no nationality - I smile.

Do you really think so, Rachel? - my interlocutor is surprised

- Of course, Ilya Borisovich. I understand why you are asking me this, but for now, back to military theme. Did you immediately demobilize after the war?

If only… Almost two years after the end of hostilities he served in Rzhev. He was an ordinary signalman, but already at the headquarters of the division, he was demobilized in the fall of 1947. Education allowed me to enter the newly organized institute international relations. I saw an advertisement for recruitment at MGIMO and went to the chief of staff with a request to send me to study. He answered sharply: "You are not subject to enrollment in this institute." I didn’t hear a lot about national quotas for applicants to institutes then, and I didn’t understand - why, what’s the matter? I realized later - while processing orders at the headquarters, I came across a "neat" phrase: "send to special forces only persons whose nationality corresponds to the republics of the USSR." Alas, Birobidzhan was only the capital of the Jewish Autonomous Region. Therefore, after demobilization, I immediately entered the MPEI - Jews were accepted there. After graduation, he worked as an engineer.

(Author's note. Here Ilya Borisovich again, out of modesty, supports the official version set out on Wikipedia. In fact, he headed the electronics department at a large Moscow research institute that worked for the defense industry - participated in the development Russian systems air defense. And at my request to be photographed in a jacket with medal slats, Ilya Borisovich only frowned: "Why? Just to show off? Is the price of Soviet orders and medals high now? Especially since The State Duma Russia plans to deprive those participants of the Great Patriotic War who emigrated from Russia from the right to the veteran pension deserved in battles with Nazi Germany. I don't know if this is true or just a fantasy...)

From childhood she was a romantic nature, a rebel, even at school she organized some kind of strike

In Moscow, we lived in the VDNKh district, - Ilya Borisovich continues his fascinating story. - Our family was intelligent, but Lera went to the usual, proletarian school. I didn’t like it, several times I suggested to my wife that Leroux be transferred to good school in the center of Moscow, but Nina Fedorovna was against elitist education. Recently I read the memoirs of Vertinsky's daughter about how her parents sent her and her sister to a pioneer camp for the summer. An interesting thing: the well-bred girls returned home with lice, learned to use foul language, - my interlocutor, wise with worldly experience, chuckles without malice.

Lera was an excellent student. Not the only one in the class: we must pay tribute, there were also excellent students among the proletarians. The daughter grew up independent and independent, adult beyond her years. We got along with her a good relationship, friendly and trusting. Of course, she could not fail to notice the critical remarks about the authorities and the party system that Nina Fyodorovna and I allowed ourselves to express at home. He gave his daughter to read Solzhenitsyn's story "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich". Lera was not yet thirteen, but, surprisingly, she perceived everything correctly. From childhood she was a romantic nature, a rebel, even at school she organized some kind of strike. At one time I admired Cuba and Vietnam. She went to the district committee of the Komsomol, asked to be sent to the war in Vietnam as a fighter. She was refused, sent home with an order to come when she learned to shoot. Imagine, for a whole year she got up on Sundays at dawn and went to the shooting ranges. I never learned, with her myopia ...

Deciding on her first serious action, Lera understood that she was risking a lot

Lera was seventeen years old when I told her about my decision to divorce Nina Fedorovna. The daughter's reaction was lightning fast: "I'm leaving with you!". I had to persuade her for a long time to stay with her mother, for whom the simultaneous loss of two close people would be with a strong blow. I insisted: "Lera, we must stay." My daughter understood. Relatives of Nina Fedorovna also did not condemn me, we continued to maintain respectful relations with them.

- Like a young girl from intelligent family so decisively plunged into the struggle against the Soviet regime? What was it: recklessness or desperate courage?

Of course, it was desperate courage. She was not reckless, but she did not have a sober calculation, she was a person who was carried away. Deciding on her first serious action, Lera understood that she was risking a lot. By that time, she had graduated from high school with a silver medal. educational school and entered the French department of the prestigious Institute of Foreign Languages. Maurice Thorez.

(Author's note. Ilya Milstein (a well-known Russian journalist) very accurately noticed this quality of Lera: “Nobility multiplied by fearlessness is a rarity. This physical impossibility to remain silent, which makes a 19-year-old girl scatter leaflets in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses, breaking her career and life, dooming to a torture regime in psychiatric hospitals. And after being released, to distribute Samizdat, organize an underground party, an underground trade union ... and finally come out with a poster for a demonstration, it will barely smell perestroika and glasnost. "You can go to the square, you dare to go to the square ..." - these lines of Alexander Galich adorned the membership card of the Democratic Union - an unprecedented party in which it was a member from the first to last day. In proud loneliness").

- Valeria Ilyinichna shared her plans with you?

Unfortunately no. I would try to stop her. But by that time I was already living in new family, in 1967, a son was born to Lidia Nikolaevna and I began to pay less attention to my daughter. The only thing I remember from the events of the autumn of 1969: before going to the Kremlin Palace of Congresses on December 5, she read me her own poem - very angry, directed against the government, with a reproach against the introduction of tanks into Czechoslovakia.

Thank you party
For all that you have done and are doing,
For our current hate
Thank you party!

Thank you party
For all that is betrayed and sold
For the disgraced Motherland
Thank you party!

Thank you party
For a slave afternoon of double-mindedness,
For lies, betrayal and suffocation
Thank you party!

Thank you party
For all denunciations and informers,
Behind the torches on Prague Square
Thank you party!

For a paradise of factories and apartments,
Built on crimes
In the dungeons of old and today
Broken and black world...

Thank you party
Nights full of despair
For our vile silence
Thank you party!

Thank you party
For our bitter unbelief
In the wreckage of the lost truth
In the coming predawn darkness...

Thank you party
For the weight of the acquired truth
And for future fights shots
Thank you party!

I liked the poem, I praised it. But he really didn’t know, he couldn’t even imagine that Leroy’s sarcastically called “Thank you, party, to you!” will become the text of a leaflet, numerous copies of which my daughter and several of her friends will boldly drop on the heads of visitors to the premises in which the most important social and political events of the state were held.

Leroux and her friends were instantly arrested in the hall of the Kremlin Palace of Congresses and accused of anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda (Article 70 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR), - the voice of 92-year-old Ilya Nikolaevich sadly, but accurately mints the name and number of the article of the Criminal Code. “The daughter was placed in solitary confinement in the detention center in Lefortovo,” he continues. - Daniil Romanovich Lunts, a KGB colonel, who headed the All-Union Research Institute of General and Forensic Psychiatry named after V.P. Serbian diagnostic department, which examined Soviet dissidents. Daniil Lunts, together with the director of the Institute, Georgy Vasilyevich Morozov, were the most famous representatives of the criminal practice of using psychiatry for political purposes in the USSR, followers of the concept of "sluggish (asymptomatic) schizophrenia" rejected by the world psychiatric community.

The author of this concept was the co-chairman of the stationary forensic psychiatric examination A.V. Snezhnevsky. Luntz openly and mercilessly provoked Leroux, and she absolutely deservedly called him "an inquisitor, a sadist and a collaborator collaborating with the Gestapo." He examined not only my daughter - among his "patients" were well-known dissidents Pyotr Grigorenko, Sinyavsky, Yesenin-Volpin, Fainberg, Yakhimovich, Bukovsky, Shikhanovich. And, of course, Natalya Gorbanevskaya, with whom Lera became friends and together, in the same ward was on compulsory treatment in a special psychiatric hospital in Kazan. The so-called "treatment" in Kazan was cruel and inhuman, and, of course, seriously undermined my daughter's health.

He asked to stop using electric shocks and savage injections on his daughter— because Lera is healthy, she is simply not pleasing to the authorities

- Ilya Borisovich, did you personally visit your daughter in Kazan? If yes, what did you see there?

Nina Fyodorovna and I went on "dates" to Kazan one by one. Leroux was constantly reproached for being friends with more experienced dissidents. In particular, in friendship with Gorbanevskaya; I often saw Natalya when I came to this "special hospital". The visits took place in a large room, with a wide and long table, on both sides of which the convicts sat opposite visiting relatives. At the same time, about 20 convicts were brought into the room. An overseer stood near the table - once a month food transfers were allowed. It was impossible to hand over the note or take the hand, although there was no glass partition, as in a prison cell.

Lera was a very strong, hardy person, she rarely allowed herself to complain even to the closest people. But in Kazan, such cruel methods of “treatment” were applied to her that I could not help but go to the head physician - I don’t remember the name of this medical service officer, many years have passed. He asked to stop using electric shocks and savage injections on his daughter - after all, Lera is healthy, she is simply not pleasing to the authorities. A very young girl ... And if you really try, in any of us you can find a clue for a psychiatric diagnosis.

He bluntly told me: "Yes, you are right - in every person, if you look closely, you can find any psychiatric abnormalities. Only you need not to look closely."

— ...the moral of his statement is simple: you can't stand out from the crowd. That was the purpose of punitive psychiatry. Recently I talked with the famous poet, dissident and hereditary psychiatrist Boris Khersonsky. He told me about tragic fate Ukrainian dissident Ganna Mikhailenko, author of the book "KGB Diagnosis - Schizophrenia". And he confirmed that the diagnosis invented by Snezhnevsky is no longer included in the official classifications of mental illness (DSM-5). ICD - 10.

I fully agree with this point of view. Natalya Gorbanevskaya wrote about the same in her article "The Shameful Legacy" - this is her review of Viktor Nekipelov's book "Institute of Fools", which attracted serious attention:
"If we talk about the" system "and about today, it should be noted that although in the early 1990s, in the wake of the revelations of punitive psychiatry that finally reached the Soviet and Russian press, the situation changed for the better in many respects, however, the Serbsky Institute, in the past the stronghold of this system of psychiatric persecution, again decisively turned to the past ... and Further: the refusal to look the past in the eye, to settle accounts with it, is a dangerous thing. And for the mental health of an individual - as a patient or potential patient, and for the psychiatrist himself, and for the mental health of society"

Exclusive interview"Horizon"

Ilya Borisovich Burshtyn,

speaking to the press for the first time

about his legendary Lera.

Tempting offer

At the beginning of April this year, 2015, a friend called me - New York poetess Irina Aks:

- Rachel! Do you know that Valeria Novodvorskaya's father lives in America? He never gave an interview to anyone about his daughter. After her death, he withdrew into himself ... A very interesting person, a veteran of the Great patriotic war, an active participant in our poetry evenings. And he is ready to meet with you, he wants to talk about Valeria Ilyinichna.

It was difficult to refuse such an unexpected, but tempting offer. Luckily, my friends from the club of the author's song "Blue Trolleybus" kindly undertook to give me a ride to visit Ilya Borisovich Burshtyn and his wife Lidia Nikolaevna, who live in the neighboring state of New Jersey. Burshtyn is the real name of the father of Valeria Ilyinichna Novodvorskaya.

He greeted me cordially, showed me the books donated by his daughter, and led me into a cozy bright kitchen-dining room. And we talked very sincerely for two hours, which, thanks to an interesting interlocutor, flew by for me completely unnoticed.

... They were expecting a son, and a daughter was born

- Ilya Borisovich, how did you meet Valeria's mother?

- The father of Nina Fedorovna - a hereditary nobleman, a very nice person Fedor Novodvorsky - lived in Moscow. Nina came to him from Belarus, where she lived with her mother, and entered the First Medical Institute, where my friend studied. After demobilization in 1947, I entered the radiophysics department of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. So we met Nina Fedorovna and got married in Moscow. And Nina went to give birth to her mother in Baranovichi, on demolition - she was almost taken off the train, but she drove home and a few hours later gave birth to a daughter.

It was May 17, 1950. My wife and I were expecting a son, but a girl was born - okay, healthy - and that's good. Soon I passed the summer exams and also came to Belarus to my family, for the first time I took my daughter in my arms. At the end of August, my wife and I left Leroux with her grandmother and left for Moscow. I continued to study, and Nina went to work. She was a pediatrician, later worked in the Moscow Department of Health.

We visited our daughter twice a year. Lera's grandmother loved her very much and devoted a lot of energy to her upbringing. Her name was Marya Vladimirovna, she was strict, but she was disposed towards me, she trusted me to walk with Lera, to ride her daughter on a sled in winter. After Nina Fedorovna and I divorced in 1967, Marya Vladimirovna moved to Moscow and lived with her daughter and granddaughter. I visited them, we talked for a long time. She lived a long, decent life and died when I was already living in America.

- Why did Valeria Ilyinichna bear her mother's surname?

- The time is such ... Jewish surnames were unpopular. The case of poisoning doctors was already gaining momentum, which in the materials of the investigation bore a frank name: "The case of the Zionist conspiracy in the MGB." The flywheel of the "Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee Affairs" was spinning, especially after the assassination of Mikhoels on Stalin's orders in 1948. The relations of the USSR with the newly formed state of Israel were very cool - the reaction of Soviet Jews to Golda Meer's visit to Moscow was too enthusiastic. Stalin built his tricky plans for the resettlement of all the Jews of the USSR to the Far East.

- Is Burshtyn a Jewish surname? More like Polish...

- That's right. My parents - Sonya and Boruch - were from Poland, they came to Moscow from Warsaw in 1918. Then they wanted to return, but the Poles organized their own independent state and the parents remained in Soviet Russia. My older sister and brother were born in Warsaw, and this "questionnaire" fact greatly interfered with them later, although at the time of their birth Poland was part of the Russian Empire. I did not know my grandparents - they died in the Warsaw ghetto. I only remember how I went to the post office with my father before the war, sent them parcels - already in the ghetto ...

I never hid my Jewishness. The documents always indicated: Ilya Borisovich Burshtyn. And the military ID is the same. What my last name means, I did not know as a child. Already working, I came on a business trip to Vilnius (there were a lot of Poles there then) and heard a phrase that surprised me:

- How much is this your burshtyn?

It turned out that in translation from Polish "burshtyn" means "amber".

- "Gift of the Sun"?

I prefer the name "tears of the sea" ...

War

- Ilya Borisovich, how did you get to the front?

- In July 1941, he volunteered for the army. He was a signalman, and therefore survived. Now I’m reading about the misadventures of the infantry during that war, and I’m even somehow ashamed to stick out my military merits. The infantrymen, of course, were a hundred times harder.

- Where did you end the war?

- He fought on the Third Belorussian Front, ended the war in Koninsberg (Ilya Borisovich modestly keeps silent about participation in the storming of the city and awarding the military order).

- Were injured?

- No. There were no injuries, he was not taken prisoner. The Lord kept me. I do not know - Jewish or Russian, but He kept me.

- Ilya Borisovich, we all have one God, he has no nationality - I smile.

"Do you really think so, Rachel?" - my interlocutor is surprised

Of course, Ilya Borisovich. I understand why you are asking me about this, but for now let's get back to the military topic. Did you immediately demobilize after the war?

- If only ... Almost two years after the end of hostilities, he served in Rzhev. I was an ordinary signalman, but already at the headquarters of the division, demobilized in the fall of 1947. Education allowed me to enter the newly organized Institute of International Relations. I saw an announcement about recruitment at MGIMO and went to the chief of staff with a request to send me to study. He answered sharply: "You are not subject to enrollment in this institute." I didn’t hear about national quotas for applicants to institutes then, and I didn’t understand - why, what’s the matter? I realized later - while processing orders at the headquarters, I came across a "neat" phrase: "send to special forces only persons whose nationality corresponds to the republics of the USSR." Alas, Birobidzhan was only the capital of the Jewish Autonomous Region. Therefore, after demobilization, I immediately entered the MPEI - Jews were accepted there. After graduation, he worked as an engineer.

(Author's note. Here Ilya Borisovich again, out of modesty, supports the official version set out on Wikipedia. In fact, he headed the electronics department at a large Moscow research institute that worked for the defense industry - he participated in the development of Russian air defense systems. And on Ilya Borisovich only frowned at my request to be photographed in a jacket with medal slats: “Why? Just to show off? Is the price of Soviet orders and medals high now? participants of the Great Patriotic War who emigrated from Russia. I don’t know if this is true or idle speculation ...)

Adolescence of Valeria. Romantic rebel.

- In Moscow, we lived in the VDNKh district, - Ilya Borisovich continues his fascinating story. - Our family was intelligent, but Lera went to the usual, proletarian school. I did not like it, several times I offered my wife to transfer Leroux to a good school in the center of Moscow, but Nina Fedorovna was against elitist education. Recently I read the memoirs of Vertinsky's daughter about how her parents sent her and her sister to a pioneer camp for the summer. An interesting thing: the well-bred girls returned home with lice, they learned to use foul language," my interlocutor, wise by worldly experience, chuckles without malice.

Lera was an excellent student. Not the only one in the class: we must pay tribute, there were also excellent students among the proletarians. The daughter grew up independent and independent, adult beyond her years. We have developed a good relationship with her, friendly and trusting. Of course, she could not help but notice the critical remarks about the authorities and the party system that Nina Fedorovna and I allowed ourselves to express at home. He gave his daughter to read Solzhenitsyn's story "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich". Lera was not yet thirteen, but, surprisingly, she perceived everything correctly. From childhood she was a romantic nature, a rebel, even at school she organized some kind of strike. At one time I admired Cuba and Vietnam. She went to the district committee of the Komsomol, asked to be sent to the war in Vietnam as a fighter. She was refused, sent home with an order to come when she learned to shoot. Imagine, for a whole year she got up on Sundays before dawn and went to the shooting ranges. I never learned, with her myopia ...

Fearless, but not reckless.

- Lera was seventeen years old when I told her about my decision to divorce Nina Fedorovna. The daughter's reaction was lightning fast: "I'm leaving with you!". I had to persuade her for a long time to stay with her mother, for whom the simultaneous loss of two close people would be a strong blow. I insisted: "Lera, we must stay." My daughter understood. Relatives of Nina Fedorovna also did not condemn me, we continued to maintain respectful relations with them.

- How did a young girl from an intelligent family plunge so resolutely into the struggle against Soviet power? What was it: recklessness or desperate courage?

- Of course, it was desperate courage. She was not reckless, but she did not have a sober calculation, she was a person who was carried away. Deciding on her first serious action, Lera understood that she was risking a lot. By that time, she graduated from secondary school with a silver medal and entered the French department of the prestigious Institute of Foreign Languages. Maurice Thorez.

(Author's note. Ilya Milstein (a well-known Russian journalist - ED.) very accurately noticed this quality of Lera: "Nobility multiplied by fearlessness is a rarity. This physical impossibility to remain silent, which makes a 19-year-old girl scatter leaflets in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses, destroying his career and life, dooming himself to a torture regime in psychiatric hospitals, and after his release, to distribute Samizdat, organize an underground party, an underground trade union... and finally come out with a poster for a demonstration, as soon as perestroika and glasnost are in the air. go to the square ... "- these lines of Alexander Galich decoratedDemocratic Union membership card - an unprecedented party in which she was from the first to the last day. In proud loneliness").

- Valeria Ilyinichna shared her plans with you?

- Unfortunately no. I would try to stop her. But by that time I was already living in a new family, in 1967 a son was born to Lidia Nikolaevna and I began to pay less attention to my daughter. The only thing I remember from the events of the autumn of 1969: before going to the Kremlin Palace of Congresses on December 5, she read me her own poem - very angry, directed against the government, reproachfully against the introduction of tanks into Czechoslovakia.

Thank you party
For all that you have done and are doing,
For our current hate
Thank you party!

Thank you party
For all that is betrayed and sold
For the disgraced Motherland
Thank you party!

Thank you party
For a slave afternoon of double-mindedness,
For lies, betrayal and suffocation
Thank you party!

Thank you party
For all denunciations and informers,
Behind the torches on Prague Square
Thank you party!

For a paradise of factories and apartments,
Built on crimes
In the dungeons of old and today
Broken and black world...

Thank you party
Nights full of despair
For our vile silence
Thank you party!

Thank you party
For our bitter unbelief
In the wreckage of the lost truth
In the coming predawn darkness...

Thank you party
For the weight of the acquired truth
And for future fights shots
Thank you party!

I liked the poem, I praised it. But he really didn’t know, he couldn’t even imagine that Leroy’s sarcastically called “Thank you, party, to you!” will become the text of a leaflet, numerous copies of which my daughter and several of her friends will boldly drop on the heads of visitors to the premises in which the most important social and political events of the state were held.

First arrest

- Lera and her friends were instantly arrested in the hall of the Kremlin Palace of Congresses, and accused of anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda (Article 70 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR), - the voice of 92-year-old Ilya Nikolaevich sadly, but accurately minted the name and number of the article of the Criminal Code. “The daughter was placed in solitary confinement in the detention center in Lefortovo,” he continues. - Daniil Romanovich Lunts, a KGB colonel, who headed the diagnostic department at the All-Union Research Institute of General and Forensic Psychiatry named after V.P. Serbsky, began to come to her often, which examined Soviet dissidents. Daniil Lunts, together with the director of the institute, Georgy Vasilievich Morozov, were the most famous representatives of the criminal practice of using psychiatry for political purposes in the USSR, followers of the concept of "sluggish (asymptomatic) schizophrenia" rejected by the world psychiatric community.

The author of this concept was the co-chairman of the stationary forensic psychiatric examination A.V. Snezhnevsky. Luntz openly and mercilessly provoked Leroux, and she absolutely deservedly called him "an inquisitor, a sadist and a collaborator collaborating with the GESTAPO." He examined not only my daughter - among his "patients" were well-known dissidents Pyotr Grigorenko, Sinyavsky, Yesenin-Volpin,. Fainberg, Yakhimovich, Bukovsky, Shikhanovich. And of course, Natalya Gorbanevskaya, with whom Lera became friends and together, in the same ward was under compulsory treatment in a special psychiatric hospital in Kazan. The so-called "treatment" in Kazan was cruel and inhuman, and, of course, seriously undermined my daughter's health.

- Ilya Borisovich, did you personally visit your daughter in Kazan? If yes, what did you see there?

- On "dates" Nina Fedorovna and I went to Kazan in turn. Leroux was constantly reproached for being friends with more experienced dissidents. In particular - in friendship with Gorbanevskaya; I often saw Natalya when I came to this "special hospital". The visits took place in a large room, with a wide and long table, on both sides of which the convicts sat opposite visiting relatives. At the same time, about 20 convicts were brought into the room. An overseer stood near the table - once a month food transfers were allowed. It was impossible to hand over the note or take the hand, although there was no glass partition, as in a prison cell.

Lera was a very strong, hardy person, she rarely allowed herself to complain even to the closest people. But in Kazan, such cruel methods of “treatment” were applied to her that I could not help but go to the head physician - I don’t remember the name of this medical service officer, many years have passed. He asked to stop using electric shocks and savage injections on his daughter - after all, Lera is healthy, she is simply not pleasing to the authorities. A very young girl ... And if you really try, in any of us you can find a clue for a psychiatric diagnosis.

He bluntly told me: "Yes, you are right - in every person, if you look closely, you can find any psychiatric abnormalities. You just need to not look closely."

- ...the moral of his statement is simple: you can't stand out from the crowd. That was the purpose of punitive psychiatry. Recently I talked with the famous poet, dissident and hereditary psychiatrist Boris Khersonsky. He told me about the tragic fate of the Ukrainian dissident Ganna Mikhailenko, the author of the book "KGB Diagnosis - Schizophrenia." And he confirmed that the diagnosis invented by Snezhnevsky is no longer included in the official classifications of mental illness (DSM-5). ICD - 10.

- I fully agree with this point of view. Natalia Gorbanevskaya wrote about the same in her article "The Shameful Legacy" - this is her review of Viktor Nekipelov's book "Institute of Fools", which attracted serious attention:
“If we talk about the “system” and about the present day, then it should be noted: although in the early 90s, in the wake of the revelations of punitive psychiatry that finally reached the Soviet and Russian press, the situation changed for the better in many respects, however, the Serbsky Institute, in the past the stronghold of this system of psychiatric persecution, again decisively turned to the past ... and further: refusal to look the past in the eye, to settle accounts with it is a dangerous thing. And for the mental health of an individual - as a patient or potential patient, and for the psychiatrist himself, and for the mental health of society "
(Source: Almanac "Captivity". Supplement to the magazine "Index/Dossier on censorship ").

- The scale of the cruelty of the system of punishment of dissidents in the USSR was monstrous. Those who fell into the millstones of the punitive system, whom the criminal Soviet authorities could not take their lives, were cynically maimed, depriving young and healthy people the opportunity to build a complete family ...

- You are right, Rachel. Much has been written about this - both men and women were maimed. During the "treatment" in Kazan, Lera, a young, healthy girl, was forever deprived of the main privilege of a woman: the opportunity to become a mother. Her health was seriously damaged. But the strength of spirit and determination of Lera, the numerous tests that followed the first arrest, the moral mockery of opponents - "near-minded" politicians and "yellow", contract journalists - did not break. Only when the dictatorial regime of President Putin came to power, Lera noted with bitterness that people can be taught to desire freedom, but it is impossible to force them to be free.

(Author's note. This recognition was very difficult for Ilya Borisovich. Until the last moment, I did not want to publicize this very personal fact of Valeria Ilyinichna's biography. But the cynicism of the Soviet political system and the crowd brought up by that system, who more than once offended the human dignity of the Woman whom I respect and appreciate immensely, they force me to take a step that is difficult from the standpoint of journalistic ethics.It was the System that turned a young, healthy and very beautiful girl into a disabled person, who was shamelessly ridiculed by everyone who was not lazy).

- Valeria Ilyinichna, even after returning from Kazan, often ended up in a temporary detention facility and for "short-term" compulsory treatment in a Moscow psychiatric clinic, popularly known as "Kashirka". What happened to her there, do you know?

- She did not complain about the detention center - she said that the criminals respect her and do not offend her. The frequent searches of the apartment were, of course, a great inconvenience for the family, which, after my departure, consisted only of three women... Psychiatric clinics - it was a real punishment. In "Kashirka" she was kept for a month, but the head of the department where she was placed was a decent person - she was not stabbed with psychotropic drugs. However, the hospital environment itself, life among mentally ill people, was terrible. Once Lera complained that one of the patients tried to scratch her eyes out by tearing off her glasses. It was scary….

One day, my daughter ended up in another department - to a woman doctor who prescribed very potent injections for her. I saw Lera absolutely helpless: she was severely stabbed. Lera rarely complained, but then she could not restrain herself: she asked me to help. I told the doctor that she was acting incompetent, and that she was mine. daughter is healthy.

The answer was sharp:

- There are no healthy people here. oppose Soviet state only a mentally ill person can!

- There is a lot of information about the life of Valeria Ilyinichna Novodvorskaya on the Internet. Both good and bad written abound. What kind of person was your daughter, Ilya Borisovich, really?

I respect everything my daughter has done. And therefore not Lera, I insist, - Valeria Ilyinichna! - was a very honest, decent and courageous person. She was a Person. Outstanding personality. Naive? Yes, she didn’t understand people very well and therefore received a lot of disappointments in her life: at first she was fascinated by a person, inspired, and then she suffered ... She was a maximalist: she demanded a lot from herself and from her associates, before whom she sometimes set too difficult, impossible tasks .

She was sincere, intelligent, benevolent and enthusiastic: I really liked going to the theater with her, because she knew how to explain to me simply and interestingly any, the most complex and intricate director's interpretation. She was interested in literature, philosophy, history, dramaturgy. She studied a lot herself, achieved everything with her own mind and perseverance.

And of course, the main thing for her was her service to Russia. She believed that every person should lay down his life for the Russian people. And when I told her: "Lera, what kind of Russian people? What are you worried about? The Russian people do not need freedom, they only need cheap vodka and cheap sausage! Not everyone, of course - but almost everyone, 95 percent of the population of Russia," she told me calmly and imperturbably answered: "And I work for the sake of those remaining five percent who need Freedom!"

- Have you ever had a serious disagreement with your daughter?

- We could argue, of course, but quickly put up. I know that evil tongues say that my trusting relationship with my daughter was used by the KGB. This organization often forced close relatives of politically convicted people to follow and report... Such facts, alas, are known. But I am clean before the bright memory of my daughter - I have never been engaged in denunciation. The only major quarrel between us occurred in connection with my departure for America. She suffered this event very hard. She was offended greatly, called a traitor - she was a maximalist after all. At first, I considered this a colossal betrayal. But her heart was kind, she was a quick-witted person, she knew how to forgive. This quarrel did not become a complete break for us.

- Valeria Ilyinichna flew to America. Did you see your daughter or was she very busy?

- We saw each other, but not often - only three times in twenty years. The first time she came to us together with Borovoy. The second time she came herself, she spoke to the residents of our town, and then we sat at home. We had a good time, in a family way ... We called back: I always called on her birthday, this is a must. But he called, of course, not only once a year. It was just more convenient for us to correspond, Lera did not really like talking on the phone. We discussed with her the list of poets she wanted to include in her collection "Poets and Tsars", we even argued a little, but not much. My most favorite of her books is a collection-cycle of her lectures "My Carthage must be destroyed." I have all or almost all of her books - Konstantin Borovoy helped her to publish them, after all, she was his assistant when he was a deputy of the State Duma. They are interesting - if you have not read, be sure to read.

Irreparable loss

- July 12 last year ... Lera's death was a complete surprise for me. Just before that, I talked to her on the phone, everything was fine. Of course, this was not malicious poisoning (such rumors circulated), her death was natural. She had diabetes, and a small festering wound on her leg, which caused sepsis, became fatal. The people who lived with Nina Fedorovna and helped her with the housework told me about it.

When Lera left, I very clearly felt the deafening emptiness here (Ilya Borisovich's palm rests on his chest, covering his heart) ... For me, Moscow was empty. I didn’t have time to tell my daughter so much: I didn’t say how much I love her, how proud I am of her. Somehow it was not customary with us ... Now it's too late.

(Author's note. There is not a drop of ostentatious tearful notes in Ilya Borisovich's voice, but it sounds quieter, more muffled. Only his gaze betrays all the deep degree of sorrow and despair of the father, who loved his daughter immensely, and who knew grief to outlive his child).

- Our whole conversation with you, dear Ilya Borisovich, was about this, her father's love and bitterness of irreparable loss became its leitmotif. And the loss, alas, is not the only one ...

- Borya ... - unanimously, in one voice pronounce the name of Boris Nikolaevich Nemtsov Ilya Borisovich and his wife Lidia Nikolaevna. - What kind of person has lost Russia, this is a great grief! But just recently he wrote about Valeria Ilyinichna, perhaps he wrote best of all

Boris Nemtsov: "Lera is one of the few encyclopedically educated people in Russia, distinguished by an iron will, conviction and integrity. Compromises are not about her. She was hounded, thrown into prison, recognized as mentally ill ... but no one ever managed to bend her and break. She was a pure and bright person. She was surprised when faced with meanness, betrayal. Despite her hard life, she managed to maintain some kind of childish naivety and gullibility. There are no more like them in Russia. Bright memory, dear Valeria Ilyinichna ... "

______________________________
On the picture:

dedicatory autograph of Valeria Novodvorskaya to her father on her book;

IB Burshtyn - veteran of the Great Patriotic War;

Valeria Novodvorskaya with stepbrother. 1973;

at Ilya Borisovich's house - all the books of his daughter, Valeria Novodvorskaya.

/ Photo from the personal archive of I.B. Burshtyn /

http://www.krugozormagazine.com/show/article.2590.html

Any doctor, no, even any specialist working with client-patients daily faces manifestations of psychopathy. Yes, I'm not a psychiatrist or a psychologist, but long years work with patients allowed me to develop a certain concept of my own about the principles of behavior with psychopaths, the number of which, alas, is not decreasing.

So, unlike mental illness, psychopathy is a disease state, constitutional anomalies, a kind of characterological deformities, which are manifested primarily by behavioral disorders. Since human behavior is primarily due to the state of the emotional-volitional sphere, the deviation in the functioning of precisely that personal component determines the clinical content of psychopathy.

With all the variety of observed characterological anomalies, their common feature is a violation of adaptation to conditions social life. Unlike similar behavioral disorders in mental illness, emotional-volitional disharmony in lesser degree affects the violation of the value directions of the individual .. Although the line separating far-reaching psychopathy from a mental disorder is very arbitrary ...

In general, all of the above seems to be fairly well known. Let's move on to the medical history. We will no longer be able to examine Novodvorskaya, but you can read her detailed autobiography, she is quite frank in her book of memoirs. Yes, we have before us pages from the medical history of a patient with antisocial personality disorder (unstable psychopathy). childhood such patients ignore the generally accepted norms of behavior, the requirements of discipline, pedagogical prohibitions. Yes. Novodvorskaya's teachers were real teachers, they didn't send Valery to a special school, but released him with a medal, quietly turning a blind eye to disputes with the historian and refusing labor lessons.

Valeria argued with her dearest historian, showing emotional stupidity - she drowned her comrades, her parents and her excellent teachers. She continued at the institute, again she came across nice teachers, and students who did not tell anyone about Novodvorskaya's speeches at seminars on philosophy.

The schizoid element of Novodvorskaya's psychopathy is obvious - she lived in her own literary world among the heroes of Dumas and Sabatini and dreamed of accomplishing a feat, and then going to an open trial and execution, by the way, here we are, not to be mentioned by night, we will turn to her beloved revolutionaries - Perovskaya and Figner , clearly expressed psychopaths ...

Novodvorskaya performs her stupid feat - she scatters leaflets written by hand in the theater, and finally they grab her. Of course, no one understands the logical inconsistency, the internal inconsistency of Novodvorskaya's judgments, all the more so in general resembling formal thought disorders in schizophrenia. On the other hand, being incomprehensible to many people around her, she created the impression of a thoughtful enthusiast, passionate about her ideas, taking a leading position in the protest movement.

Of course, Novodvorskaya’s treatment methods were savage, by and large a good psychotherapist should have worked with her at school, possibly on the basis of psychoanalysis methods, in any case, this clinical case did not require the use of neuroleptics, successful rehabilitation of Novodvorskaya would be quite possible, it was easy to switch it to creative work, for example, literary translations.

The wrong diagnosis made to the patient Novodvorskaya - schizophrenia, instead of psychopathy, determined her further fate. Well, the result of it, if I may say so, political activity we know that the decrepit dictatorship of the followers of the Chuhche ideas was replaced by the current system, and if this is the ideal of Novodvorskaya, then it means that she was still treated incorrectly ...

Reviews

It is difficult to disagree with the author. Novodvorskaya is, of course, a bright patient ...
But the whole trouble is that there are many transitional forms of diseases of psychos with pathology that is not immediately diagnosed ... And they, relatives, ring where they can and how they can ...

By personal experience I know how many clinical idiots, i.e. individuals diagnosed with diseases. I know one person with Down's syndrome (this diagnosis was clearly stated in his polyclinic "card"). But nothing terrible. Graduated from the Institute. I even defended my PhD! (Mom was the chairman of the trade union committee of the institute for a long time) He works at the institute and now, at the department of histology. He was removed from the clinical department, where he dealt with the sick (where the staff went on strike: An obvious idiot was allowed to treat the sick!). Now dealing with student slaves and slides under a microscope...

The father of a Russian oppositionist who died a year ago, 92-year-old Ilya Burshtyn, lives in the United States. Journalist Rahel Gedrich spoke with Ilya Borisovich for the Krugozor publication about the childhood years of the future dissident, her first political action, the horrors of punitive psychiatry that Novodvorskaya was subjected to by the Soviet authorities, and about her relationship with her daughter after his departure to the United States

Ilya Borisovich Burshtyn greeted me cordially, showed me the books presented by his daughter, and led me into a cozy bright kitchen-dining room. We talked very sincerely for about two hours, which, thanks to an interesting interlocutor, flew by for me completely unnoticed.

“MY WIFE AND I WANTED A SON, BUT A GIRL WAS BORN - GOOD, HEALTHY”

- Ilya Borisovich, how did you meet Valeria's mother?

- Nina Feodorovna's father - a hereditary nobleman, a very nice person Fedor Novodvorsky - lived in Moscow. Nina came to him from Belarus, where she lived with her mother, and entered the First Medical Institute, where my friend studied. After demobilization in 1947, I entered the radiophysics department of the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. So we met Nina Fedorovna and got married in Moscow. And Nina went to give birth to her mother in Baranovichi, on demolition - she was almost removed from the train, but she drove home and a few hours later gave birth to a daughter.

It was May 17, 1950. My wife and I were expecting a son, but a girl was born - fine, healthy ... Soon I passed the summer exams and also came to Belarus to my family, for the first time I took my daughter in my arms. At the end of August, we left Leroux with my grandmother and left for Moscow. I continued to study, and Nina went to work. She was a pediatrician, later worked in the Moscow Department of Health.

We visited our daughter twice a year. Lera's grandmother Marya Vladimirovna loved her very much and devoted much energy to her upbringing. She was strict, but disposed towards me, trusted to walk with Leroy, to ride her daughter on a sled in winter. After Nina Fedorovna and I divorced in 1967, Marya Vladimirovna moved to Moscow and lived with her daughter and granddaughter. I visited them, we talked for a long time. She lived a long, decent life and died when I was already living in America.

- Why did Valeria Ilyinichna bear her mother's surname?

- The time is such ... Jewish surnames were unpopular. The case of pest doctors was already gaining momentum, which in the materials of the investigation bore a frank name: "The case of the Zionist conspiracy in the MGB." The flywheel of the "Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee Affairs" was spinning, especially after the assassination of Mikhoels on Stalin's orders in 1948. The relations of the USSR with the newly formed state of Israel were very cool - the reaction of Soviet Jews to the visit of Golda Meir to Moscow was too enthusiastic. Stalin built his tricky plans for the resettlement of all the Jews of the USSR to the Far East.

Is Burshtyn a Jewish surname?

- My parents - Sonya and Boruch - were from Poland, they came to Moscow from Warsaw in 1918. Then they wanted to return, but the Poles organized their own independent state, and the parents remained in Soviet Russia. My older sister and brother were born in Warsaw, and this personal fact greatly interfered with them later, although at the time of their birth Poland was part of the Russian Empire. I did not know my grandparents - they died in the Warsaw ghetto. I only remember how before the war I went to the post office with my father, sent them parcels - already in the ghetto ...

I never hid my Jewishness. The documents always indicated: Ilya Borisovich Burshtyn. And the military ID is the same. What my last name means, I did not know as a child. Already working, I came on a business trip to Vilnius (there were a lot of Poles there then) and heard a phrase that surprised me: “How much is this Burshtyn of yours?”.

It turned out that in translation from Polish “bur-shtyn” means “amber”.

- And how did you get to the front?

In July 1941, he volunteered for the army. He was a signalman, and therefore survived. Now I’m reading about the misadventures of the infantry during that war, and I’m even somehow ashamed to stick out my military merits. The infantrymen, of course, were a hundred times harder.

Where did you end the war?

- He fought on the Third Belorussian Front, ended the war in Koenigsberg (Ilya Borisovich modestly keeps silent about participating in the storming of the city and awarding him a military order).

- Were you injured?

- No. There were no injuries, he was not taken prisoner. The Lord kept me. I don't know if it's Jewish or Russian, but I kept it.

“FROM CHILDHOOD, LERA WAS A ROMANTIC NATURE, A REBELLION, EVEN AT SCHOOL, I DID SOME STRIKES”

- After the war, you immediately demobilized?

- If only ... Almost two years after the end of hostilities, he served in Rzhev. He was an ordinary signalman, but already at the headquarters of the division, he was demobilized in the fall of 1947. Education allowed me to enter the newly organized Institute of International Relations. I saw an advertisement for recruitment at MGIMO and went to the chief of staff with a request to send me to study. He answered sharply: "You are not subject to enrollment in this institute." At that time I had not heard a lot about national quotas for entering institutes and did not understand - why, what was the matter? I realized later - while processing orders at the headquarters, I came across a neat phrase: "Send to special forces only persons whose nationality corresponds to the republics of the USSR." Alas, Birobidzhan was only the capital of the Jewish Autonomous Region. Therefore, after demobilization, I immediately entered the MPEI - Jews were accepted there. After graduating from the institute, he worked as an engineer.

Here Ilya Borisovich again, out of modesty, supports the official version set out on Wikipedia. In fact, he headed the electronics department at a large Moscow research institute that worked for the defense industry - he participated in the development of Russian air defense systems. And at my request to be photographed in a jacket with medal slats, he only grimaced: “Why? Just to decorate? Is the price of Soviet orders and medals high now? Moreover, the State Duma of Russia plans to deprive those participants of the Great Patriotic War who emigrated from Russia from the right to the veteran pension deserved in battles with Nazi Germany. I don't know if this is true or just a fantasy...

In Moscow, we lived in the VDNH area. Our family was intelligent, but Lera went to the usual, proletarian school. I didn’t like it, several times I offered my wife to transfer my daughter to a good school in the center of Moscow, but Nina Fedorovna was against it. Recently I read the memoirs of Vertinsky's daughter about how her parents sent her and her sister to a pioneer camp for the summer. An interesting thing: the well-bred girls returned home with lice, learned to use foul language.

Lera was an excellent student. Not the only one in the class: we must pay tribute, there were also excellent students among the proletarians. The daughter grew up independent and independent, adult beyond her years. We have developed a good relationship with her, friendly and trusting. Of course, she could not ignore the critical remarks about the government and the party system that Nina Fyodorovna and I allowed ourselves to express at home.

He gave his daughter to read Solzhenitsyn's story One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich. Lera was not yet 13, but, surprisingly, she perceived everything correctly. From childhood she was a romantic nature, a rebel, even at school she organized some kind of strike. At one time I admired Cuba and Vietnam. She went to the district committee of the Komsomol, asked to be sent to the war in Vietnam as a fighter. She was refused, sent home with an order to come when she learned to shoot. Imagine, for a whole year she got up on Sundays at dawn and went to the shooting ranges. I never learned, with her myopia ...

How did she cope with her parents' divorce?

- Lera was 17 years old when I told her about my decision to divorce Nina Fedorovna. The daughter's reaction was lightning fast: "I'm leaving with you!". I had to persuade her for a long time to stay with her mother, for whom the simultaneous loss of two close people would be a strong blow. I insisted: "Lera, you have to stay." My daughter understood. Relatives of Nina Fedorovna also did not condemn me, we continued to maintain respectful relations with them.

“DECIDED ON HER FIRST SERIOUS ACTION, LERA UNDERSTAND THAT IS RISKING VERY MUCH”

- Why did a young girl from an intelligent family suddenly plunge into the struggle against the Soviet regime so decisively? What was it: recklessness or desperate courage?

“Of course, it was desperate courage. She was a passionate person. Deciding on her first serious action, Lera understood that she was risking a lot. By that time she had graduated with a silver medal. high school and entered the French department of the prestigious Maurice Thorez Institute of Foreign Languages.

Ilya Milstein (a well-known Russian journalist) very accurately noticed this quality of Lera: “Nobility multiplied by fearlessness is a rarity. This physical impossibility to remain silent, which forces a 19-year-old girl to scatter leaflets in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses, ruining her career and life, dooming her to a torture regime in a psychiatric hospital. And after liberation, to distribute Samizdat, organize an underground party, an underground trade union ... and finally come out with a poster for a demonstration, it will hardly smell of perestroika and glasnost. “You can go to the square, you dare to go to the square...” - these lines of Alexander Galich decorated the membership card of the Democratic Union - an unprecedented party in which it was a member from the first to the last day. In proud loneliness".

- Valeria Ilyinichna shared her plans with you?

- Unfortunately no. I would try to stop her. But by that time I was already living in a new family, in 1967 a son was born to Lidia Nikolaevna and I began to pay less attention to my daughter. The only thing I remember from the events of the autumn of 1969: before going to the Kremlin Palace of Congresses on December 5, she read me her own poem - very angry, directed against the government, with a reproach against the introduction of tanks into Czechoslovakia.

Thank you party

For all that you have done and are doing,

For our current hate

Thank you party!

Thank you party

For all that is betrayed and sold

For the disgraced Motherland

Thank you party!

Thank you party

For a slave afternoon of double-mindedness,

For lies, betrayal and suffocation

Thank you party!

Thank you party

For all denunciations and informers,

Behind the torches on Prague Square

Thank you party!

For a paradise of factories and apartments,

Built on crimes

In the dungeons of old and today

Broken and black world...

Thank you party

Nights full of despair

For our vile silence

Thank you party!

Thank you party

For our bitter unbelief

In the wreckage of the lost truth

In the coming predawn darkness...

Thank you party

For the weight of the acquired truth

And for future fights shots

Thank you party!

I liked the poem, I praised it. But I really didn’t know, I couldn’t even imagine that Leroy’s sarcastically called “Thank you, party, to you!” will become the text of a leaflet, numerous copies of which my daughter and several of her friends will boldly drop on the heads of visitors to the premises in which the most important social and political events of the state were held.

Lera and her friends were instantly arrested in the hall of the Kremlin Palace of Congresses and accused of anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda (Article 70 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR). The daughter was placed in solitary confinement in the detention center in Lefortovo. Daniil Romanovich Lunts, a KGB colonel who headed the diagnostic department at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of General and Forensic Psychiatry named after Serbsky, began to come to her often, which was engaged in examining Soviet dissidents. Daniil Lunts, together with the director of the Institute, Georgy Vasilyevich Morozov, were the most famous representatives of the criminal practice of using psychiatry for political purposes in the USSR, followers of the concept of “sluggish (asymptomatic) schizophrenia” rejected by the world psychiatric community.

The author of this concept was the co-chairman of the stationary forensic psychiatric examination Andrey Snezhnevsky. Luntz openly and mercilessly provoked Leroux, and she quite rightly called him "an inquisitor, a sadist and a collaborator collaborating with the Gestapo." He examined not only my daughter - among his "patients" were well-known dissidents Pyotr Grigorenko, Andrey Sinyavsky, Alexander Yesenin-Volpin, Viktor Fainberg, Ivan Yakhimovich, Vladimir Bukovsky, Yuri Shikhanovich. And of course, Natalya Gorbanevskaya, with whom Lera became friends and together, in the same ward was under compulsory treatment in a special psychiatric hospital in Kazan. The so-called "treatment" of Kazan was cruel and inhuman and, of course, seriously undermined my daughter's health.

“I ASKED TO STOP APPLYING ELECTRIC SHOCK AND SCALE INJECTIONS TO THE DAUGHTER - BECAUSE SHE IS HEALTHY, JUST NOT PLEASANT TO THE AUTHORITIES”

- Did you visit your daughter in Kazan? What did you see there?

- On dates, Nina Fedorovna and I went to Kazan in turn. Leroux was constantly reproached for being friends with more experienced dissidents. In particular, in friendship with Gorbanevskaya - I often saw Natalia when I came to this "special hospital". The visits took place in a large room, with a wide and long table, on both sides of which the convicts sat opposite visiting relatives. At the same time, about 20 convicts were brought into the room. An overseer stood near the table - once a month food transfers were allowed. Neither pass the note, nor take the hand, although there was no glass partition, as in a prison cell ...

Lera was a very strong, hardy person, she rarely allowed herself to complain even to her closest ones. But in Kazan, such cruel methods of “treatment” were applied to her that I could not help but go to the head physician - I don’t remember the name of this medical service officer, many years have passed. He asked to stop using electric shocks and savage injections on his daughter - after all, Lera is healthy, she is simply not pleasing to the authorities. A very young girl ... And if you really try, in any of us you can find a clue for a psychiatric diagnosis.

He bluntly told me: “Yes, you are right - in every person, if you look closely, you can find any psychiatric abnormalities. It just needs to be looked at."

The moral of his statement is simple: you can't stand out from the crowd. That was the purpose of punitive psychiatry. Recently I talked with the famous poet, dissident and hereditary psychiatrist Boris Khersonsky. He told me about the tragic fate of the Ukrainian dissident Anna Mikhailenko, the author of the book The KGB Diagnosis is Schizophrenia. And he confirmed that the diagnosis invented by Snezhnevsky is no longer included in the official classifications of mental illness (DSM-5). ICD - 10.

- I fully agree with this point of view. Natalya Gorbanevskaya wrote about the same in her article “The Shameful Legacy” - this is her review of Viktor Nekipelov's book “Institute of Fools”, which attracted serious attention.

“If we talk about the “system” and about today, it should be noted: although in the early 90s, in the wake of the revelations of punitive psychiatry that finally reached the Soviet and Russian press, the situation changed for the better in many respects, however, the Serbsky Institute , in the past, the stronghold of this system of psychiatric persecution, has once again turned decisively towards the past ... and further: refusal to face the past, to pay off with it, is a dangerous thing. And for the mental health of an individual - as a patient or potential patient, and for the psychiatrist himself, and for the mental health of society.

could cost the life of Valeria Ilyinichna's mother

A month ago, a serious scandal erupted around the apartment of the 87-year-old mother of the recently deceased well-known dissident, a fighter for democracy, Valeria Novodvorskaya. Newspapers were full of headlines: “Black realtors are trying to take away the Moscow apartment from Valeria Novodvorskaya’s mother”, “With mother’s housing famous politician the scam is turning”, “The scandal involved municipal deputy Tatyana Logatskaya.

MK conducted its own investigation.

As it turned out, for almost a year Nina Fyodorovna Novodvorskaya was abandoned and left at the mercy of two women, nurses from Ukraine. Having no medical education, they injected the elderly man with potent diuretic drugs, stuffed them with tranquilizers and sleeping pills. Under their "sensitive" supervision, Nina Fedorovna lost her eye and almost died from sepsis.

Nina Fedorovna Novodvorskaya called her daughter Lera Lyalechka. Photo: Tatiana Logatskaya

“Lera was afraid that in the event of her death, her mother would end up in a nursing home”

The faded panel five-story building on the 4th street of Maryina Roshcha, where Nina Fedorovna Novodvorskaya lives, is no different from the nearby Khrushchev buildings.

The house is old, the poplars have grown almost to the very roof, the old-timers have known each other for half a century. They also remember the father of Valeria Novodvorskaya - Ilya Borisovich Burshtyn. He was a front-line soldier, fought as a signalman on the 3rd Belorussian Front. Then he worked for the defense industry, headed the electronics department at a large research institute.

Valeria's mother, Nina Fedorovna, a pediatrician by training, was an "ambulance" for all residents. As the neighbors say, “everyone ran to her with childlike pains, cramps, spasms.” Then, when she worked at the Moscow Health Department, she often helped her neighbors get "medical" coupons for various clinics.

When Lera was in the 10th grade, her parents divorced. Ilya Borisovich moved out, he had another family, and the mother of Nina Fedorovna, Maria Vladimirovna, came to the Novodvorskys from Baranovichi, with whom Lera lived until school. Grandmother in the family was called Bantik, and Lera - Lyalechka.

Everyone in the house feels sorry for Nina Fyodorovna.

- How much she and Lera "drank" - God forbid, - says neighbor Anna. - That daughter decided to go to the war in Vietnam. For a whole year I went to learn to shoot. Later, fighting the communist regime, she scattered leaflets in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses, distributed samizdat, organized underground parties and trade unions. From numerous searches in the house, Lerin's arrests, solitary confinement, hunger strikes, Nina Feodorovna had an early gray hair.

Valeria Novodvorskaya died on July 12, 2014. Since then, Nina Fedorovna was practically not seen by the neighbors.

- She had two nurses from Ukraine, Galya and Sasha. Only they practically did not take their ward grandmother for a walk. But the naked sphinx cat was constantly walking on a leash, - says Maria Sergeevna, the eldest in the house. - And when they were interested: “How is Nina Fedorovna?” - they waved: "He's going crazy!"

- After the death of Lera, one of the nurses became worried that there were Jewelry, but she does not want to be responsible for their possible loss, - says the municipal deputy of the Khoroshevo-Mnevniki district Tatyana Logatskaya. - In the presence of four people, an inventory of watches, rings, chains was compiled. Saidar Sheyafetdinov (an activist of the Democratic Union, he worked as a driver for Valeria Novodvorskaya - author) volunteered to take the bag with valuables into custody. Then I noticed that behind the glass bookshelves were photographs of nurses. I was surprised, the nurses are not family members after all. Another time, when we spent almost six hours sorting through Lerin's newspaper and magazine articles, the nurse was having fun at the computer, while Nina Fyodorovna, indifferent to everything, was sitting in an armchair.

Members of the "Democratic Union" Nikolai Zlotnik and Saidar Sheyafetdinov voluntarily took care of Nina Fedorovna.

At parting with Valeria Novodvorskaya, many people put money into a special box to help her mother. The human rights activist was worried that in the event of her death, Nina Fedorovna would end up in a nursing home. They say that a large sum to pay for the funeral was sent by Alfred Koch, in 1996-1997 the chairman of the State Property Committee of Russia, vice-premier in the government of Viktor Chernomyrdin, who now lives in Germany. The magazine paid for the burial. The New Times, where Valeria Novodvorskaya worked.

- Nikolai Zlotnik claimed that he had concluded an oral contract with the nurses. From the collected money, he monthly paid for the work of the sisters Galina and Alexandra. Saidar Sheyafetdinov, having a power of attorney bank account Nina Fedorovna, gave them weekly money for the food of an elderly woman and other needs.

“Sisters from Ukraine were also hired by Lera, someone recommended them to her,” says Yuri Baumshtein, the only worker in the Democratic Union party who has been friends with Lera for 21 years.

The mistake of Valeria Ilyinichna Novodvorskaya, according to her colleague Yuri Baumstein, was that she did not leave a will.

“Nikolai Zlotnik was embarrassed to tell Lera to put her affairs in order, but Lera herself somehow didn’t think about it,” Yuri shares with us. - She was brilliant man, but worldly life was of little interest to her.

“I can’t imagine Lera cooking borscht,” says Tatyana Logatskaya, in turn. - In the kitchen, her mother and an au pair, a sweet woman Anechka, were busy. But Lera was very hospitable, generous, kind and very open. Everyone left her with pockets full of presents in the form of sweets.

Nina Fedorovna was not immediately told about the death of her daughter, her beloved, the only Lyalechka.

Soon, friends who visited Nina Fedorovna began to notice bruises on her face and body. The nurses explained their appearance by the fact that an elderly woman constantly falls.

“The issue of replacing nurses was raised before Zlotnik, but he flatly refused to change these “experienced specialists,” Tatyana says. “Further events began to develop rapidly. On March 10, 2015, Saidar Sheyafetdinov arrived with money and saw that Nina Fedorovna's left eye turned red. It is strange that Alexandra's nurse did not tell anyone about this, not even her "employer" Zlotnik. Sheyafetdinov called the clinic and the Moscow Department of Health.

On March 11, an ophthalmologist Olga Georgievna Plykina came and advised Nina Fedorovna to be hospitalized, about which she made an appropriate entry in the card. Then the doctor called back three times and inquired whether Nina Fyodorovna had bought the medicines prescribed by her.

Nurse Alexandra assured that all appointments are being fulfilled. Calling Saidar Sheyafetdinov, she said that Nina Fedorovna was on the mend. As it turned out later, this was not the case. On March 16, Sheyafetdinov arrived and was horrified: Nina Fyodorovna's eye was swollen. I was out of town. Saidar took Nina Fedorovna to a specialized eye clinic in Mamonovsky Lane, from where she was urgently sent to the 1st City Hospital. In the waiting room appearance Nina Fedorovna shocked the doctors: “How did you let a person run like that?” Sheyafetdinov nodded at the nurse, disclaiming any responsibility.

On the morning of March 17, Nina Fedorovna was operated on. The eye had to be removed. Delay threatened lethal outcome.

- In the hospital, one of Nina Feodorovna's neighbors in the ward, Panna Mikhailovna, asked me: “Why do you keep such nurses? With you, they call your grandmother a bunny, but as soon as you leave, they almost drag Nina Fedorovna by the hair, ”Tatyana Logatskaya continues. - While one nanny changed another, I stayed with Nina Fedorovna in the hospital. It was impossible not to notice that her scalp was covered with a white crust, and her face was covered with scabs. It looks like it hasn't been washed in a long time. Dressing Nina Feodorovna, I saw that almost all the folds of skin on the body were covered with a thick layer of talc, under which wounds were visible - bedsores, which happen only from poor care. But Nina Fedorovna is not a bedridden patient, she can move around on her own, she just needs to be held by the hand and guided. I washed Nina Feodorovna, treated her skin.

To the old chair, where Nina Fyodorovna usually sat during the day, ropes and belts from dressing gowns were tied. Photo: Tatiana Logatskaya

It turned out that the elderly woman had glaucoma. I don’t think that Sheyafetdinov could not have known about this, because he had previously taken Nina Fedorovna to a specialized clinic. With glaucoma, it is very important to monitor intraocular pressure. The optic nerve in glaucoma dies gradually, and then in an instant the person plunges into darkness. To avoid this, Nina Fedorovna had to drip special drops twice a day, which the nurses did not do. Now it is impossible to determine at what point the woman went blind. Now she only distinguishes between light and darkness. Surprisingly, after the death of Lera, Nina Fedorovna was not taken to any doctor, and until March 11, 2015, not a single doctor was called to her house.

The house where Nina Fedorovna Novodvorskaya lives.

"There was nothing in the house bed linen, no things"

Surprisingly, with a whole bunch of diseases, Nina Fedorovna was not issued a disability, she was not prescribed any medicines, absorbent underwear.

With a whole bunch of diseases, Nina Fedorovna did not have a disability. Photo: Tatiana Logatskaya

On March 29, on her birthday, Nina Fedorovna was in such a sleepy state that she could not open her eyes to see her friends-colleagues who had come to her.

“It was later, after the discovery of entries in the diary forgotten by the nurses, that it became clear that Lera’s mother was under the influence of potent drugs,” says Tatyana. - With us, one of them put an elderly woman to sleep, and in the clothes in which she was sitting at the table. Instead of a sheet, a terry towel was spread on the bed.

“I offered to help Nina Fyodorovna get a disability,” says Tatyana. - In the district clinic at the place of residence, an elderly woman did not even have a card. We put Nina Fyodorovna on the wheelchair kindly offered at the polyclinic and began to bypass the doctors. The endocrinologist was surprised that the person was conscious and not talking, called the neurologist into the office, who, after examining Nina Fedorovna, suggested that the patient was “loaded” with phenazepam.

Entries in the diary confirming that "professional nurses" injected Nina Fedorovna with the strongest diuretic medicine that none of the doctors prescribed. Photo: Tatiana Logatskaya

In the diary, flourishes resembling the signature of Nina Feodorovna were found. Someone was obviously practicing to copy her signature. Photo: Tatiana Logatskaya

Despite Zlotnik's resistance, the negligent nurses were denied further work in caring for Nina Fedorovna. On April 4, without any apology for the harm caused to their health, leaving the apartment with a goodbye: “There is no one to wish good luck here,” the sisters wrapped the Sphinx in a sweater and left the apartment.

- When leaving, they forgot their cosmetic bag, which contained six packs of phenazepam. This highly active tranquilizer can only be bought with a prescription, no one prescribed it to Nina Fedorovna, says Tatyana. “We also found the antipsychotic drug chlorprothixen, the nootropic piracetam, and the tranquilizer thioridazine (Sonopax). How these drugs got into the apartment is not at all clear. All of them, in the presence of witnesses, were handed over to the local policeman.

The Sphinx, which belonged to one of the nurses, slept on the bed with Nina Fyodorovna. Photo: Tatiana Logatskaya

From an abandoned diary kept by nurses, we found out that they injected Nina Fedorovna with a strong, fast-acting diuretic, lasix. This is an emergency medicine. It must be used with extreme caution, water leaves a person when it is used for two hours. At the same time, in order to withstand the heart muscle, the patient is usually given tablets containing magnesium and potassium. Doctors know this. But none of the nurses had a medical education.

After the departure of the nurses, Nina Fedorovna began to gradually come to her senses: she answered questions, ate on her own.

“She was dehydrated by lasix, terribly hungry, couldn’t eat for six days,” says Tatyana.

In the diary, nurses noted all the purchases they made. Checks were attached to the records.

- They fed Nina Fedorovna, in my opinion, very poorly, - says Tatyana Logatskaya. - Even with me, the nurse decided to feed her millet porridge. I looked into the jar where the cereal was stored, and saw a food moth there.

In the diary, nurses noted all the purchases they made. The records were accompanied by checks that constantly featured cat food. Photo: Tatiana Logatskaya

Leafing through the left diary. They bought yogurt products and cottage cheese products for their ward, which, unlike yogurt and cottage cheese, are fermented not with milk fat, but with palm or coconut oil. There are also bouillon cubes. And right there: food for the cat, cat litter, medicine for the cat in the amount of 890 rubles. And, apparently, for their loved ones: Abrau-Durso champagne, a low-alcohol drink, a carnival hat.

- And for all this, without hesitation, they applied checks. From the pension of Nina Fedorovna, they also paid for cellular communications and the Internet, Tatyana is indignant. - It was when they were conducting the Internet that Lera stepped with her left foot on one of the paper clips with which the cable is attached to the wall. Her heel began to fester. And after the forced treatment in a psychiatric hospital, where she was placed by a court verdict for scattered anti-Soviet leaflets in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses, she simply could not stand the doctors. Lera self-medicated, then we threw away a whole bag of painkillers. A festering wound on the leg caused sepsis. Lera died of infectious toxic shock.

In four hands, Tatyana and her friend washed the neglected apartment.

“There were no bed linen or Nina Fedorovna’s things in the house,” says Tatyana Logatskaya.

- Nina Fedorovna's pension is rather big, about 23 thousand rubles.

All these medications were given to Nina Fedorovna and injected intramuscularly. Photo: Tatiana Logatskaya

- And really from this money it was impossible to allocate 100 rubles for underpants? - asks the municipal deputy Logatskaya. - I wrote a statement to the Maryina Roshcha police department demanding to open a criminal case on the fact of causing harm to the health of Nina Fyodorovna Novodvorskaya, attaching an explanation on four sheets, where I described in detail everything that had happened.

“Girlfriends wanted to put Nina Fedorovna in mental asylum»

The nurses were supposed to be controlled by those who gave them a salary and money for the maintenance of Nina Fedorovna - Valeria Novodvorskaya's associates in the party, Nikolai Zlotnik and Saidar Sheyafetdinov.

- As I understand it, at first the nurses, by agreement with Nikolai Zlotnik, took the money left by Leroy from the home safe, and then, when the dollar exchange rate changed, Nikolai began to pay them on receipt, but not $ 1,200 a month, but $ 650, - says Tatiana. - When Nina Fedorovna lost her eye, the question of replacing nurses arose.

Nikolai Zlotnik reluctantly gathered Lera's friends and associates. At the same time, he said that he did not want to pay money for the care of Nina Fedorovna to anyone other than these sisters from Ukraine. In addition, it was not known how much money was available and how much it would last. There was a phrase: Nina Feodorovna's apartment goes to the state. All those present were categorically against it. They decided that the apartment should go to the one who would look after Nina Fedorovna. And it is best to conclude an annuity agreement with life support and dependency.

Tatyana Logatskaya says that she was ready to take care of Nina Fedorovna, invest her money, her labor, pay for a round-the-clock nurse and all the necessary medical prescriptions. Nina Fedorovna was not against this. All the documents of Nina Fedorovna were with Saidar Sheyafetdinov. In addition to the general power of attorney, which he had in his hands, he was issued a second power of attorney, according to which he had to collect documents for drawing up a rent agreement between Nina Fedorovna Novodvorskaya and Tatyana Mikhailovna Logatskaya. At first, Sheyafetdinov agreed, but the next day he was replaced.

- On April 14, together with Nina Fedorovna and Saidar, we went to the hospital to see an endocrinologist. - says Tatyana. - And then he told me: “I don’t trust you, I will arrange the rent for myself. And in general, we last time we go to the clinic. I am taking Nina Fyodorovna to the village. I reconciled with my wife, she agreed to look after Nina Fedorovna. I rushed to the doctors: "Forbid taking away Nina Fedorovna." After all, a disabled person of the first group must be regularly shown to doctors, about which the specialists made an appropriate entry in the card.

Valeria Novodvorskaya feared that after her death, Nina Fedorovna would end up in a nursing home. Photo: Tatiana Logatskaya

On April 15, 2015, those previously issued by Nina Fedorovna to Saidar Sheyafetdinov were cancelled. Notarized copies of the documents were handed to him in the office of the head of the Maryina Roshcha police department on the same day.

- We returned home with Nina Fedorovna, Borovoy mentioned somewhere that “the apartment was seized by black realtors”, and the siege began. The police, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, an ambulance, a bunch of journalists arrived at once. Only law enforcement officers and doctors were allowed into the apartment. The doctors examined Nina Fyodorovna, made sure that there were no grounds for placing her in a hospital, and left.

The next day, Sheyafetdinov brought two friends of Nina Fyodorovna, who were at her birthday party. The ladies came to send Lera's mother to the hospital. Why they called another ambulance, mentioning a stroke and diabetes. The doctors found no reason for hospitalization: there was no stroke or diabetes.

Soon a third ambulance arrived, and one of her friends came with a referral from the district doctor to the PND (psycho-neurological dispensary) with a power of attorney received from Sheyafetdinov under ... a revoked power of attorney. Nina Fedorovna is not observed in the PND, she is not registered. The doctors came to the conclusion that this was not a psychiatric case, and left.

But the story didn't end there. While Tatyana Logatskaya went to get diapers for an elderly woman, a relative, a certain Marina, accompanied by a police officer, arrived at Nina Fedorovna's apartment from nowhere.

Lyubov Stolyarova, a female volunteer left to look after Nina Fedorovna, says:

- The district police officer said that Marina presented a document confirming her relationship with Nina Fedorovna Novodvorskaya. He called her "niece". When I asked about her intentions, Marina said: "I am not obliged to report to you."

Saidar Sheyafetdinov "went into the shadows." It is not possible to contact him. Photo: Tatiana Logatskaya

An old friend of Valeria Novodvorskaya, Yuri Baumstein, in turn, remarks:

No one knows where this relative came from. Lera never mentioned her. I didn’t see Eya either at the funeral at the Sakharov Center or at the commemoration.

To uncover family secret could 92-year-old father of Valeria Novodvorskaya Ilya Burshtyn, who now lives in America, in the state of New Jersey.

- I spoke with Ilya Borisovich on the phone. He said that Nina Fyodorovna had no direct relatives, - Tatyana says, in turn. - But at the same time, he said that Nina Feodorovna's mother, Maria Vladimirovna, was married twice. The first time was for Zinoviy Moiseevich Lesov, who already had a daughter, Irina. The second time she married a hereditary nobleman, Fyodor Vladimirovich Novodvorsky, and in this marriage she gave birth to a daughter, Nina. Apparently, being married to Lesov, she adopted his daughter Irina. Irina Zinovievna is alive, she is 89 years old. And she has a daughter, Marina.

"The battle for the legacy is yet to come"

It is difficult to find out what is happening with Nina Fedorovna now. The telephone in the apartment is switched off, the bell does not work. Knocking on the door is useless. Even a local doctor, who must patronize a disabled person of the first group every week, cannot get to an elderly woman.

Nina Fyodorovna Novodvorskaya continues to be cared for by a nurse from the Belgorod region, who was brought by Sheyafetdinov ("MK" could not talk to him. Sheyafetdinov does not answer calls).

“In any case, the nurse who went out onto the balcony, whom I told that I had left a bag with diapers and pads at the door, took them away,” Tatyana says.

How the work of previous nurses was controlled is described above.

The situation there is now stable,” Nikolai Pavlovich Zlotnik assures me.

It was not possible to talk to the relative of Nina Fyodorovna Marina, who had turned up. She is either away or does not pick up the phone.

As far as we managed to find out, several people now want to become the legal representatives of Nina Fedorovna Novodvorskaya.

This is, in principle, not bad. Nina Fedorovna will be helped with housework, and everyone, whether a trustee or guardian, will be required to report to government agencies for the condition of their ward. But what is happening now?

Both Saidar Sheyafetdinov and Nina Fyodorovna's relative Marina may be in the ranks of trustees.

At the same time, Natalya Vasilievna Kosheleva, deputy head of the Maryina Roshcha district council for social issues, shared with us:

- We came several times to Nina Feodorovna's house, knocked, said that from the council, they answered us through the closed door that they were not waiting for us.

- Does a social worker come to Nina Fedorovna?

- The fact of the matter is that Nina Fedorovna or her legal representative must apply to the center for social protection of the population with a statement and ask that she be served by a social worker. The elderly woman herself is practically blind, and she has no legal representative.

Among the whole kaleidoscope of citizens who revolve around Nina Fedorovna Novodvorskaya, one Logatskaya undertook to clear the paper heap, which at least helped to formalize her disability of the first group. And this is a big deal. Now there are several people who would like to legally obtain the right to enter the apartment and help this elderly person. To do this, you need to provide a number of documents to the guardianship authorities, including a certificate stating that the person is healthy, has property in Moscow and does not pursue any selfish goals.

If several applications are submitted to the department of guardianship and guardianship at once, a commission will meet and ask Nina Fedorovna who she wants to be with? And then, based on the numerous references provided, the commission will decide who is more suitable for the role of a trustee.

All this takes time. And now, more than ever, a blind and helpless woman needs care and attention.

The two-room apartment of Nina Fedorovna Novodvorskaya in Khrushchev is estimated by realtors at 7-8 million rubles. And it is quite possible that a will has already been written, and more than one. At least in the diary left by nurses from Ukraine, flourishes resembling the signature of Nina Fyodorovna Novodvorskaya were found. Someone was obviously practicing to copy her signature. And this means that the battle for the apartment is still ahead.