Where does the wind come from: experiments, informative stories, speech exercises, cartoons for children. Logic tasks Leo Tolstoy for children about the wind.

Today, with the help of entertaining experiments, you will learn where the wind comes from, and also get acquainted with how L.N. answered this question to children in 1875. Tolstoy. To be continued in the next article!

Where does the wind come from: experiments for kids

Ships (experiment-game for children 3-4 years old)

Take a bowl of water. Make paper boats. How to make boats, you will see in this video.

This is a scheme for making a paper boat for experience.

Put the boats on the water. Blow on them with your child. Why did the ships sail? (The wind pushes them.) Where did the wind come from? We exhaled air.

Arrange a ship competition. Which boat will swim to the other side faster (for this you need to take a square-shaped basin or a baby bath). Ask the baby how to blow so that the boat sails quickly?

Try to do different wind- a soft and light breeze, a strong hurricane, a ferocious storm.

Ships for this game can be made not only from paper, but also from shells walnut. Using plasticine, attach a stick with a sail to the shell (a paper sail on a toothpick stick will do). Get on the sail. How do you blow to make the boat float?

Read to the kid the lines about the wind A.S. Pushkin.

Fan (for children 4-5 years old)

Make a fan out of a strip of paper by folding it into an accordion shape. Or take a ready-made fan. Have your child wave the fan in front of their face. What does he feel? What is the fan for? (in hot weather, the fan gives us a breeze that cools and helps us). Now let the kid try to wave the fan over the water. What happens to the water in the basin? Where did the waves come from?

Ask your child a riddle the next day. Ask why the riddle says “The wind blows - I don’t blow” (because it’s already cool and people don’t use a fan).

Sea battle (for children 4-5 years old)

What could happen to ships if strong wind? (They may drown). Invite your child to make paper boats and play sea ​​battle. They play this game in pairs. You need to blow on your own and others' boats in order to sink enemy ships. You can blow both simultaneously and in turn.

After the game, ask the child how to blow to make the wind stronger (take in more air, exhale it stronger and sharper).

Where is warmer? (for children 5-6 years old)

This experience will help to find out what is easier - warm air or cold air.

1. Let's try to figure out where it is warmer in the room and where it is colder - on the floor or on the sofa (higher or lower). You can take a thermometer and measure the temperature and compare. You can hold your hand near the floor (next to the door) and at the top.

2. Then invite the child to hold his hand over the battery and under the battery. Where is warmer?

3. And you can also take a thin piece of paper (napkin) or cotton wool. Attach the top end of the strip of paper to the wall above the radiator (can be attached with construction tape or using Uni patafix plastic mass). At the same time, open the window above the battery. Warm air will rise up, and the piece of paper will begin to move and rise upwards.

4. We conclude that it is always warmer at the top. And this means that warm air is lighter and it rises.

5. Ask the child: “Where do you sleep? Yes, in bed. It is now so arranged that children and adults sleep in beds. after all, it is warm in our city houses. And before, when there were no batteries, children and old people slept on the beds. Polats were located high above the floor and were arranged between the stove and the wall of the house. There was not one sleeping place on the beds, but many at once - several people slept on them nearby. Why did they sleep on the floors? (it was warm there even in winter, because the beds are at the top, where the warm air is)

Where does the wind come from - an experience for children 5-6 years old

The experience was developed by O.V. Dybina.

1. You will need a candle and a snake. The snake is very easy to make:

take a circle of thin paper and cut it in a spiral, then hang the resulting blank by the thread.

• Light a candle and blow on it. Why did the flame deflect? (blowing air).
• Place the snake over the candle flame. What's going on with the snake? She will start to spin. Why is she spinning? Because warm air goes up and lifts the snake.
• You can try to have the children do this experience themselves, but not with a candle! You need to hold the snake over a hot battery.

2. Go to the door (for example, leading to a glazed balcony) and try to determine where the wind is blowing at the top of the doorway (above) and near the floor (below). In order to determine which direction the wind is blowing, you can put two candles - below and above - and see where their flame deviates. Or take a thin napkin or cotton wool and bring it to the door. Where will she go?

3. Why does the wind blow in different directions? It turns out that at the top the air is escaping from the room to the outside. This is warm air. He goes outside. And cold air is heavier and it is at the bottom. He enters the room from the street. So it turns out "wind" in the room. But that's how wind works in nature.

Turns out, Wind is the movement of air! Warm air moves up and cold air moves down, and they tend to swap places.

4. You can draw with arrows where the wind blows in the room. The red arrow at the top of the doors will indicate warm air. And the blue arrow at the bottom is cold air.

5. If there is a draft in your room, and you often ask your child not to sit on the floor near the door, then remind him of this. Ask why you are asking him not to do this? Now he already knows what caused your request and will relate to its implementation in a completely different way!

Note: do not overload a preschooler with knowledge about physical phenomena, inaccessible as yet for understanding, and to say that important role distribution plays in the appearance of the wind atmospheric pressure. For a preschooler, such a short answer to his question “Why is there a wind” is quite enough. But the student can already explain other reasons associated with the appearance different kind wind. What kind of wind is and why it happens, you will see in this video for older children - school age.

Spinner experiments

Make a spinner with your child and take it for a walk. Show how to play with a turntable. Ask the child why she is spinning? (the wind hits its blades and it starts spinning). Observe with your baby when the spinner spins fast and when it spins slowly, and why does this happen?

How to make a spinner to play with the wind

The spinner is made of paper, thick foil or a sheet of thin plastic (folder, gift wrap or paper). How it can be done, you will see in the video.
http://youtu.be/YtnQqLNh1D0

And this is a scheme for making a turntable.

Experience "Wind in the Desert"

An experience game can be played in a sandbox or pour sand into a basin. Level the surface of the sand. And then invite the child to become the wind and blow on the sand. On the surface of it sandy desert» sand waves will begin to appear. If you continue to blow, then the sand will move from one place to another and you will get hills. Let the child try to make "dunes" - sandy hills. So the wind helps the sand to travel through the desert.

Let's discuss. Is wind good or bad? Why?

It is very important that in preschool age the child realized that not everything is so simple in the world, and in every phenomenon you can find good and bad sides. Important. so that he could think independently, could explain his point of view. These skills do not develop by themselves, but in communication with an adult who poses problematic questions with an ambiguous answer to the child.

Let's reason together.

Why is wind good? Because in the summer in the heat, when the wind blows, it is not so hot. Because the wind blows the sails and the ships can sail. Because the wind spreads the seeds of plants, with the help of the wind you can fly on hot-air balloon, run kites. The wind helps windmills and windmills to work.

Why is wind bad? If cold winter the wind blows, you freeze. At sea, in a strong wind, there is a storm, and ships can sink. A strong storm can destroy houses and uproot trees. The wind carries the seeds not only useful plants but also weeds.

Speech exercise "What is the wind like?"

Pick up with your child as many words as possible that describe what kind of wind it is. With the help of such exercises, you will not only enrich the child's vocabulary, but also teach him to be attentive to the selection of words and notice interesting figurative words in stories and fairy tales.

What wind? He gets strong. How to say differently? Violent, fast, furious wind, dashing, frantic, assertive, merciless, impetuous, ferocious, whistling, impetuous, terrible, hurricane, squall, furious, powerful, restless, piercing, cold, evil. fierce, angry, nasty, mournful, gloomy, terrible, icy.

And it happens the other way around - what kind of wind? Yes, weak, light. How to say differently? Gentle, quiet, warm, cheerful, southern, spring.

Now let's pick the words, what does the wind do? It blows, howls, makes noise, whistles, shakes trees, disperses clouds, drives leaves, brings sounds to us.

What is the name of light breeze? Breeze. What if the wind is strong? Windy. What if it's very strong? Storm, hurricane, storm, tornado.

How to conduct speech exercises for the selection of words?

I love to do such exercises with children on the selection of words in the form of a game. For example, if we play with words in winter, we help the wind cover the earth with snowflakes. One word is one snowflake! And you need to cover a lot of the land shown in the picture! So we select words for a very long time, because we cannot allow a bush or a flower to freeze without snow! We picked up the word - put a paper snowflake on our winter landscape. One more word - they put the second snowflake and so on until we cover the whole earth. I suggest the most difficult, rare words, children say more common words.

If we play in the fall, then we help the wind to pluck the leaves or transfer the seeds. You can come up with any game situation. In such games, the child sees the result of his efforts and therefore seeks to pick up as many words about the wind as possible. I am always surprised, but this is a fact - children remember exactly where THEIR snowflake or leaf, which they helped the wind and what exactly covered their snowflake, even if the game takes place in large group kids!!!

I call this method of work “the visual result of speech”. If you just pick up a lot of words, then the children do not understand the meaning - why this is necessary, and they get bored. And when they complete a game task with a result that can be seen, felt, they become interested! The rich vocabulary that children receive as a result of such exercises is oh so necessary both at school and in life!

How children were introduced to the wind in the 19th century

Informative stories for children about the wind by Leo Tolstoy. The second Russian book for reading - 1875

Why there is wind (reasoning)

Fish live in water, but humans live in the air. The fish cannot hear or see the water until the fish themselves move, or until the water moves. And we also do not hear the air until we move or the air does not move.

But as soon as we run, we hear the air - we blow in the face; and sometimes you can hear when we run, how the air whistles in our ears. When we open the door to the warm upper room, the wind always blows from below from the courtyard into the upper room, and from above it blows from the upper room into the courtyard.

When someone walks around the room or waves a dress, we say: “he makes the wind”, and when the stove is heated, the wind always blows into it. When the wind blows in the yard, it blows for whole days and nights, sometimes in one direction, sometimes in the other. This happens because somewhere on earth the air becomes very hot, and in another place it cools down - then the wind begins, and a cold spirit comes from below, and warm from above, just like from the courtyard to the hut. And until then it blows until it warms up where it was cold, and cools down where it was hot.

Why does the wind blow? (Reasoning)

They will tie a cross of two torches and tie four more torches around the cross. Everything is covered with paper. A bast tail will be tied to one end, and a long string will be tied to the other, and a kite will come out. Then they will take the kites, scatter into the wind and let them go. The wind will pick up the kite, carry it high into the sky. And the kite trembles, and buzzes, and breaks, and turns, and waving its bast tail.

If there was no wind, it would be impossible to fly a kite

They will make four wings from the board, fix them with a cross into a shaft, and attach gears and wheels with cams to the shaft, so that when the shaft rotates, it would cling to the gears and wheels, and the wheels would turn the millstones. Then the wings will be placed against the wind: the wings will begin to turn, the gears and wheels will hook onto each other, and the millstone will turn on another millstone. And then they pour grain between two millstones; the grain is ground, and flour is poured into the ladle.

If there was no wind, it would be impossible to grind grain in windmills

When they are sailing in a boat and want to sail faster, they will take, in the middle of the boat, they will insert a large pole into the hole, a crossbar is attached to this pole. A canvas sail will be attached to this crossbar, a rope will be tied to the bottom of the sail and held in hands. Then they set the sails against the wind. And then the wind will inflate the sail so tightly that the boat bends to one side, the rope is torn from the hands, and the boat will sail downwind so quickly that the water will rumble under the bow of the boat, and the shores will definitely run back past the boat.

If there was no wind, it would not be possible to sail with a sail

Where people live, there is an evil spirit; if there were no wind, this spirit would remain so. And the wind will come, disperse the bad spirit and bring good, clean air from the forests and fields. If there was no wind, people would inhale and spoil the air. The air would all stand still, and people would have to leave the place where they breathed.

When wild animals walk through forests and fields, they always walk into the wind, and hear with their ears, and smell with their noses what is ahead of them. If there was no wind, they would not know where to go.

Almost all herbs, bushes and trees are such that in order for a seed to start on a grass, bush or tree, it is necessary that dust from one flower fly to another flower. Flowers are far from each other, and they cannot send their dust from one to another.

When cucumbers grow in greenhouses where there is no wind, then people pick one flower themselves and lay it on another so that the color dust gets on the fruit flower and there would be an ovary. Bees and other insects sometimes carry dust from flower to flower on their paws, but most of all this dust is carried by the wind. If there was no wind, half of the plants would be seedless.

In warm weather, steam rises above the water. This steam rises higher, and when it cools at the top, it falls down. raindrops.
Steam rises above the ground only where there is water - over streams, over swamps, over ponds and rivers, most of all over the sea. If there were no wind, the vapors would not walk, but would gather into clouds above the water and fall again where they rose. Over the stream, over the swamp, over the river, over the sea there would be rain, but on the ground, in the fields and forests there would be no rain. The wind blows the clouds and waters the earth. If there was no wind, then where there is water, there would be more water and the earth would dry up.

Logical problem about the wind by Leo Tolstoy

Why, when it is windy without frost, do you feel more chilly than when it is frosty without wind?

Discuss with your child on this topic after you have conducted experiments with cold and warm air, showing the child how wind is formed. And here is the answer to this question given to children in the 19th century by Lev Nikolayevich:

Because the heat from the body passes into the air, and if it is quiet, then the air around the body heats up and stays warm. But when the wind blows, it carries the heated air and brings in cold air. Again, heat leaves the body and heats the air around it, and again the wind carries the warm air. When a lot of heat leaves the body, then you will feel cold.

Knowing the answer to the first question, try with your child to answer the following question of Leo Tolstoy to children: "Why, when tea is hot in a cup, do they blow on it?" The child can guess the correct answer by analogy with the previous logical task.

You can read the continuation of games and activities about wind and air with children in the section :

1) What is air for? Properties of air in entertaining experiments for children

"Speech development from 0 to 7 years: what is important to know and what to do. Cheat sheet for parents"

Click on or on the course cover below for free subscription

General circulation of the atmosphere- a system of air currents on the globe, which contributes to the transfer of heat and moisture from one area to another. Air moves from areas high pressure in the low . High and low pressure formed as a result of uneven heating earth's surface. Under the influence of the rotation of the Earth, air flows deviate to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere.

IN equatorial latitudes, due to high temperatures, a belt constantly exists low pressure with weak winds. The heated air rises and spreads at a height to the north and south. At high temperatures and the upward movement of air, with high humidity, a large cloudiness is formed. Drops out here a large number of precipitation.

Approximately between 25 and 30 ° N. and yu. sh. air descends to the surface of the Earth, where, as a result, belts are formed high pressure. Near the Earth, this air is directed towards the equator (where the pressure is low), deviating to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere. This is how trade winds. In the central part of the high-pressure belts, there is a calm zone: the winds are weak. Due to the downward currents of air, the air is dried and warmed up. The hot and dry regions of the Earth are located in these belts.

IN moderate latitudes centered around 60°N. and yu. sh. pressure low. The air rises and then rushes to the polar regions. IN temperate latitudes western air transport prevails (the deflecting force of the Earth's rotation acts).

Polar latitudes are different low temperatures air and high pressure. The air coming from temperate latitudes descends to the Earth and again goes to temperate latitudes with northeasterly (in the Northern Hemisphere) and southeasterly (in the Southern Hemisphere) winds. There are few rainfalls.

Winds

Wind- horizontal movement of air relative to the earth's surface. It occurs as a result of uneven distribution of atmospheric pressure and its movement is directed from areas with higher pressure to areas where the pressure is lower. The reason for the occurrence of wind is the difference in pressure between the territories, and the reason for the difference is the heterogeneity in heating. The direction of the wind is determined by the part of the horizon from which it blows (the north wind blows from north to south). The direction of the winds is affected by the deflecting force of the Earth's rotation.

The winds are varied origin, nature, meaning . The general circulation of winds, due to the difference in atmospheric pressure, includes: monsoons, zonal transfers, cyclones, anticyclones. local circulation atmosphere is expressed in breezes.

Types of winds.

TO local winds include breezes, mountain-valley, hair dryers, bora, sirocco, simum, etc. IN equatorial belt low pressure prevails, in the subtropical - increased, so the winds blow towards the equator. Under the influence of the Coriolis force, they deviate in the northern hemisphere to the right and have a northeast direction, in the south - to the left and become southeast.

Föhn- warm, dry and gusty wind from the mountains. It blows when pressure is lower on one side of the ridge than on the other. Bora- a strong, cold, gusty wind, which is formed if the cold air crosses over low ridges to the warm sea.

trade winds– constant winds in the tropical regions of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, blowing from high pressure zones (25-35 ° N and S) to the equator (into the low pressure zone). Under the influence of the rotation of the Earth around its axis, the trade winds deviate from their original direction. In the northern hemisphere they blow from the northeast to the southwest, in the southern hemisphere - from the southeast to the northwest. The trade winds are characterized by great stability of direction and speed.

In temperate latitudes of both hemispheres, westerly transfers dominate ( westerly winds ). The temperate westerly winds are the prevailing winds blowing in temperate zone approximately between 35 and 65 degrees north and south latitude. These winds blow predominantly from west to east, more specifically from the southwest in the Northern Hemisphere and from the northwest in the Southern Hemisphere.

During the day, the land heats up faster than the sea, the air above it is warmer than over water. An area of ​​low pressure forms above the ground, an area of ​​high pressure forms above the water, and the wind blows from the sea to land. This afternoon breeze. At night, the land cools faster than the sea, over which an area of ​​low pressure forms, and the wind blows in the opposite direction - night breeze.

The formation mechanism is similar monsoons- seasonal winds that change their direction twice a year: in summer they blow on land, in winter - on the sea. In winter, the air over land is colder, over the ocean - warmer. Therefore, the pressure is higher over the mainland, lower - over the ocean. Therefore, in winter, the air moves from the mainland (area of ​​​​higher pressure) to the ocean (over which the pressure is lower). In the warm season - on the contrary: monsoons blow from the ocean to the mainland. Therefore, in the areas of monsoon distribution, precipitation usually falls in the summer. Due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis, the monsoons deviate to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere from their original direction.

Special systems of winds.

As a result of uneven heating of the earth's surface and the deflecting force of the Earth's rotation, huge (up to several thousand kilometers in diameter) atmospheric vortices are formed: cyclones and anticyclones. Cyclone- atmospheric vortex with reduced pressure in the center. Anticyclone- atmospheric vortex with high blood pressure in the center.

Cyclone – an ascending vortex in the atmosphere with a closed region of low pressure, in which winds blow from the periphery to the center (counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere). average speed cyclone movement 35-50 km/h, and sometimes up to 100 km/h. In a cyclone, the air rises, which affects the weather. With the onset of a cyclone, the weather changes quite dramatically: winds increase, water vapor quickly condenses, giving rise to powerful clouds, and precipitation falls.

Anticyclone – descending atmospheric vortex with a closed area high blood pressure, in which the winds blow from the center to the periphery (in the Northern Hemisphere - clockwise, in the Southern - against). The speed of movement of anticyclones is 30-40 km/h, but they can linger in one place for a long time, especially on the continents. In the anticyclone, the air descends, becoming drier when warmed up, since the vapors contained in it are removed from saturation. This, as a rule, excludes the formation of clouds in the central part of the anticyclone. Therefore, during the anticyclone, the weather is clear, sunny, without precipitation. In winter - frosty, in summer - hot.

Wind speed scale (Beaufort scale)

Lesson summary " Wind. wind systems". Next topic:

Irina Tulenkova
Cognitive experimentation session "Why does the wind blow?" (senior group)

Municipal state preschool educational institution

Kindergarten "Fairy tale".

cognitive experimentation.

Subject: « Why does the wind blow?»

Tulenkova Irina Yurievna

Educator II

qualifying

MKDOU d / s "Fairy tale"

Tyumen region,

Kondinsky district,

With. Leushi, st.

Volgograd. 56,

tel. (34677) 37-134

With. Leushi 2011

Target: introduce children with the cause of wind - movement air masses.

Tasks:

1. Clarify children's ideas about properties air: hot rises up - light; cold sinks down - it is heavy.

2. Consolidate children's knowledge of the air.

3. Develop skills for conducting experiments.

4. Improve breathing technique skills.

5. To lay in children the initial elements of ecological culture.

6. introduce children with such a natural phenomenon as wind, its role in the life of nature and man.

7. To develop a culture of communication, to intensify speech activity. Methodical tricks We: Experiments conducted by the teacher together with the children; art word (riddles, poems about the wind); breathing exercises; physical training; a game; surprise moment; result; analysis.

caregiver: Guys, let's close our eyes and listen, what do you hear? Children: (children's answers).

And I hear the rustle of leaves and imagine how our the breeze flies to the group, fresh, light. Do you hear?

Or maybe you and I will turn into trees and imagine that breeze shakes our branches.

Fizminutka: « The wind blows in our face» .

caregiver: Guys, while we were listening breeze he visited us in group and brought us a balloon. Let's see what is written there. (The teacher reads the note attached to the ball). Here is a riddle, carefully listen:

We need him to breathe To inflate the balloon With us every hour But he is invisible to us.

What is this? (air)

That's right, it's air. And today we will talk about air, we will conduct experiments like real scientists. And for this we have a laboratory of air transformations.

(go to the lab)

caregiver: Guys, who saw the air? Maybe it doesn't exist at all? (children's answers) Let's check it out with you now.

with BAGS Educator: What do we have in the bags?

Children: Air.

caregiver: What is he like? Do we see him? Why can't we see him? Why is he called invisible?

Children: The air is transparent, so you can see everything through it.

caregiver: Guys, look what I have?

Children: Cup.

caregiver Q: What is it made of?

Children: From glass.

caregiver: So the glass is glass. Look through it, you see

anything.

Children: Yes!

caregiver: So, what kind of glass?

Children: Transparent.

caregiver: Do you think this glass is empty? Is there anything in it?

(children's answers)

caregiver A: We'll check it out.

WITH GLASS

caregiver: There are bowls of water and glasses on the table. It is necessary to turn the glass upside down and slowly release it into the bowl. The glass must be held very evenly. What happened? Does water get into the glass? Why not. (children's answers) caregiver: We learned that there is air in the glass and releases water into it. And now we tilt the glass a little, what appears in the water?

Children: (bubbles)

caregiver: That's right, air comes out of the glass, and water takes its place. How else can you see the air?

(children's answers)

caregiver: Let's take a tube, dip it into the water and blow. What comes out of the water with bubbles?

Children: Air.

caregiver: Right. We exhaled air, because all people breathe air. When we simply inhale and exhale air, do we see it? Children: No!

caregiver: (takes a napkin). Can you see it with a napkin?

Children: Yes!

caregiver: And you can also see how we breathe in winter - what comes out of our mouths? Children: Steam.

caregiver: Let's show you how our noses breathe.

Breathing exercises:

1. "Breath" Breathe with one nostril and peace will come to you.

I. p. - standing, the body is straightened, but not tense; close the right nostril index finger right hand, take a long long breath with the left nostril, as soon as the breath is over, take a long breath through the nose (4 times,

The same exercise with the left nostril.

2. "Breath". Quiet. Quietly we will breathe, we will hear our heart.

I. p. - about. With. - slowly inhale through the nose, hold the breath for 4 seconds, exhale smoothly through the mouth (2 times).

3. "Air balloons". Now let's check if we have a lot of air in our chest. Let's inflate balloons (children inflate balloons and hold them). Now let's let go a little, how do you feel?

Children: Wind.

caregiver: That's right, it's wind. Guys, do you know what wind?

(children's answers)

caregiver: Wind- this is the movement of air, it is around us, we do not see it, but it is necessary for all living beings. The wind has power. He knows how to move ships, inflate sails, rotate mills, bend trees. Can it wind hurt a person?

(children's answers)

caregiver: Right, the wind is different: hurricane, tornado, dry wind, can harm people, and easy calm breeze brings coolness. yj over the seas the wind is rushing,

The sails fly like birds.

And salty, like a whim It is called - (breeze).

The wind is strong and mighty,

He gathered clouds over the house,

The rain beats like a drum

Conductor -

(Hurricane).

If the wind blows hot,

He calls -

(dry wind)

He drives sand and dust

Oppression to the ground in the steppe feather grass.

This wind, everyone needs to know

It's called - (tornado) He captured everyone with a whirlwind He twisted from all sides.

Ellie in a fairy tale he sped away

And suddenly fell silent.

caregiver: Do you want to become the wind for a few minutes?

WITH KARABLIK.

caregiver: Our bowls turn into the sea. And you will be the winds. Let's get on the water. What happens?

Children: Waves.

caregiver: The stronger The wind's blowing, the more waves (but in everything you need to know the measure). Now let go of the sailing boats, if you blow on it, what will happen?

Children: The boat is sailing.

caregiver: Likewise, large sailing ships move due to the wind. What happens to a boat if there is no wind? And if the wind is very strong?

Children: Starts wind and the ship may be wrecked.

caregiver: And now let's take a fan and wave it over the water. Why did the waves appear? The fan moves and pushes the air. The air also starts to move. Means wind is the movement of air. Why does air move? Let's do one more experiment.

WITH A CANDLE.

caregiver: Hold the candle and put it on a stand on the table. Let's place it in the lamp glass, under which we put the bars. Hold your hand over the lamp glass. What do you feel about it?

Children: Air comes out of the lamp glass.

caregiver: Now let's hold a piece of paper cut into thin strips under the lamp glass. What will happen?

Children: The strips are tilted up.

caregiver: So the air is heated and the heated air rises. Guys, what do you think, if we open the door, will the breeze?

(children's answers)

caregiver: Let's check.

WITH A CANDLE.

caregiver: We bring a lit candle to the ajar door. If you hold the candle over the top edge of the door, then the flame of the candle will deviate towards the street.

If the candle is placed on the floor, then the flame will deviate to the side. groups. Means warm air light, it flows out of our groups on the street, and its place is taken by a cold one.

So it is on the street. Our Earth is heating unevenly. Where it heats up more, streams of warm air form, which rush upwards, and streams of cold air rush in their place. And so it turns out wind. Or maybe it happens that all the air in the yard heats up and flies away, and we will have nothing to breathe?

(children's answers)

Leading: That's right, this will not happen if the sun warms us, then at the same time the weather is cold somewhere. And the air is colder there, which means heavier. Therefore, cold air rushes to where it is warmer, and warm air has already made room, rising up. This is how it turns out wind

(show diagram.)

It's clear now who's pushing wind who makes the air fly from place to place? Didn't guess? Then I'll tell you - it's the sun. It warms the earth (evenly) the same, always somewhere colder. And if the Earth had the same temperature, then there would be no breeze. The clouds would stop. If there were no rain, there would be a drought. Smoke from cars and factories would hang over the cities. So bad weather, it's not so bad. Indeed, at this time, the sun is shining merrily for other children far from us.

caregiver: And how can we determine if the street wind?

Children: Through the trees, with the help of a ribbon, a weather vane on the house, a turntable. caregiver: Well done guys, we learned a lot of interesting things, let's remember what we are with today met?

What experience did you like best?

What can you praise yourself for?

caregiver: To consolidate our knowledge, I give you a turntable and, going out into the street, we will determine if there is the wind outside and how it blows.

The horizontal movement of air above the Earth's surface is called wind. The wind always blows from an area of ​​high pressure to an area of ​​low pressure.

Wind characterized by speed, strength and direction.

Wind speed and strength

Wind speed measured in meters per second or points (one point is approximately equal to 2 m/s). The speed depends on the baric gradient: the greater the baric gradient, the higher the wind speed.

The force of the wind depends on the speed (Table 1). The greater the difference between adjacent areas of the earth's surface, the stronger the wind.

Beaufort scale— conditional scale for visual evaluation strength (speed) of the wind in points according to its action on ground objects or on waves at sea. It was developed by the English admiral F. Beaufort in 1806 and at first was used only by him. In 1874, the Standing Committee of the First Meteorological Congress adopted the Beaufort scale for use in International synoptic practice. In subsequent years, the scale has changed and refined. The Beaufort scale is widely used in marine navigation.

Direction of the wind

Direction of the wind is determined by the side of the horizon from which it blows, for example, the wind blowing from the south is south. The direction of the wind depends on the pressure distribution and on the deflecting effect of the Earth's rotation.

On climate map prevailing winds shown by arrows (Fig. 1). The winds observed near the earth's surface are very diverse.

You already know that the surface of land and water heats up in different ways. On a summer day, the land surface heats up more. From heating, the air above the land expands and becomes lighter. Over the pond at this time the air is colder and therefore heavier. If the reservoir is relatively large, on a quiet hot summer day on the shore you can feel a light breeze blowing from the water, above which it is higher than above land. Such a light breeze is called daytime. breeze(from the French brise - light wind) (Fig. 2, a). The night breeze (Fig. 2, b), on the contrary, blows from the land, since the water cools much more slowly and the air above it is warmer. Breezes can also occur at the edge of the forest. The scheme of breezes is shown in fig. 3.

Rice. 1. Scheme of distribution of prevailing winds on the globe

Local winds can occur not only on the coast, but also in the mountains.

Föhn- a warm and dry wind blowing from the mountains to the valley.

Bora- gusty, cold and strong wind that appears when cold air rolls over low ridges to the warm sea.

Monsoon

If the breeze changes direction twice a day - day and night, then seasonal winds - monsoons— change their direction twice a year (Fig. 4). In summer, the land warms up quickly, and the air pressure over its surface hits. At this time, cooler air begins to move to land. In winter, the opposite is true, so the monsoon blows from land to sea. With the change of the winter monsoon to the summer monsoon, dry, slightly cloudy weather changes to rainy.

The action of monsoons is strongly manifested in the eastern parts of the continents, where they are adjacent to vast expanses of oceans, so such winds often bring heavy rainfall to the continents.

The uneven nature of the circulation of the atmosphere in different areas the globe determines the differences in the causes and nature of the monsoons. As a result, extratropical and tropical monsoons are distinguished.

Rice. 2. Breeze: a - daytime; b - night

Rice. Fig. 3. Scheme of breezes: a - in the afternoon; b - at night

Rice. 4. Monsoons: a - in summer; b - in winter

extratropical monsoons - monsoons of temperate and polar latitudes. They are formed as a result of seasonal fluctuations in pressure over the sea and land. Most typical zone their distribution - the Far East, Northeast China, Korea, in lesser degree— Japan and the northeastern coast of Eurasia.

tropical monsoons - monsoons of tropical latitudes. They are due to seasonal differences in the heating and cooling of the Northern and Southern hemispheres. As a result, pressure zones shift seasonally relative to the equator to the hemisphere in which given time summer. Tropical monsoons are most typical and persistent in the northern part of the basin indian ocean. This is largely facilitated by the seasonal change in the atmospheric pressure regime over the Asian continent. The fundamental features of the climate of this region are associated with the South Asian monsoons.

The formation of tropical monsoons in other regions of the globe is less characteristic when one of them is more clearly expressed - winter or summer monsoon. Such monsoons are observed in Tropical Africa, in northern Australia and in the equatorial regions of South America.

Earth's constant winds - trade winds And westerly winds- depend on the position of atmospheric pressure belts. Since low pressure prevails in the equatorial belt, and near 30 ° N. sh. and yu. sh. - high, near the surface of the Earth throughout the year the winds blow from the thirtieth latitudes to the equator. These are trade winds. Under the influence of the rotation of the Earth around its axis, the trade winds deviate to the west in the Northern Hemisphere and blow from the northeast to the southwest, and in the Southern they are directed from the southeast to the northwest.

From the high pressure belts (25-30°N and S), the winds blow not only towards the equator, but also towards the poles, since at 65°N. sh. and yu. sh. low pressure prevails. However, due to the rotation of the Earth, they gradually deviate to the east and create air currents moving from west to east. Therefore, westerly winds prevail in temperate latitudes.

The relationship between man and the wind has always been extremely closely related to each other. It was from this natural phenomenon in prehistoric times (as, indeed, now) that human life often directly depended. With its help, mankind was able to develop crafts and make their lives much easier, which can be observed even in such a banal example as a windmill. There is nothing surprising in the fact that as long as mankind has existed, so many people have asked and still ask themselves and each other the question, why does the wind blow?

This riddle is still extremely difficult not only for understanding a child, but also an adult. Scientists who study inanimate nature are still arguing about why the wind blows, where the wind blows from and where the wind blows.

Scientific and technical encyclopedic Dictionary defines wind as a stream of air masses (a mixture of gases whose particles fly freely in space), which quickly moves parallel to the surface of the Earth. Another interpretation of the wind says that the wind is a natural phenomenon, forcing air masses to move due to certain changes that occur in the environment.

Wind is generated due to the uneven distribution of pressure in the atmosphere. As soon as it appears, it immediately begins to move from the high pressure zone to the low pressure zone. To put it simply, why the wind blows, then we can safely say that if it were not for the Sun, land and the World Ocean of our planet, then the air after a rather short time would begin to have the same temperature and humidity everywhere, which is why the wind did not blow would never.

How air masses move

Throughout the day, the surface of our planet heats up unevenly. This applies not only to objects that are at a distance from each other, but also to those that are located very close. For example, over the same period of time, things of a darker color heat up (absorb heat) much more than light ones. The same can be said when comparing water with land (the latter reflects less of the sun's rays).

In turn, heated objects unevenly transfer heat to the air that surrounds them. For example, since the earth heats up much more than water, during the day air from the earth rises, and colder air from the sea goes to its place. At night, the reverse process occurs - while the earth has cooled, the waters of the sea remain warm. Accordingly, the warm air above the sea goes up, and the air from the land goes to its place.

Warmer air rises where it collides with colder air. This happens because the heated air becomes light and tends to rise, while the cold one, on the contrary, becomes heavier and rushes down. The greater the difference between the temperatures of the cold and warm stream, the stronger the wind usually blew. Thus, not only a light breeze arises, but also small whirlwinds, hurricanes and even tornadoes.

The air itself tends to be the same everywhere. When a certain heterogeneity is formed (it is warmer in one place, colder in another, in the third - there are more particles of gases, in the fourth - less), it moves horizontally, trying to eliminate the "inequality".

A similar process is taking place all over the world. Most warm place on our planet is the equator. It is here that the heated warm air goes up all the time, and from there it goes either to the North or south poles. After that, at certain latitudes, it descends again to the earth and begins to move. Where exactly the wind blows - depending on the circumstances. Maybe further to the poles, or maybe return to the equator.

Earth rotation

The rotation of our planet affects the flow of air masses. It is because of him that all the winds that blow in the Northern Hemisphere shift to the right, and in the South - to the left.

Atmosphere pressure

Our body, without even knowing it, all the time feels the pressure of air on itself - despite the fact that it seems to us absolutely weightless. According to the latest scientific data, the entire atmosphere of our Earth (in other words, a layer of gases), consisting mainly of nitrogen and oxygen, weighs five quadrillion tons.

Atmospheric pressure in different places Lands are different. Gas molecules strive to compensate for this, and constantly move at great speed in different directions (these particles, due to the Earth's gravity, are completely attached to it, and cannot fly into space in any way).

This is how it turns out that the wind is the movement of a huge number of atmospheric gas molecules in one direction. Air masses usually flow from a zone of high pressure (when the air is cold - an anticyclone) to an area of ​​low pressure (when it is warm - a cyclone), thereby filling the voids of rarefied air.

Wind classification

Strong winds that have an average duration (one minute) are squalls. There are such types of winds:

• Breeze - a warm wind near the sea, where you can observe a light wind blowing on the coast. Wind direction changes twice a day. Day (or sea) often blew from the sea to the coast, night (or coastal) - vice versa. The breeze speed is usually between 1 and 5 m/s;
• A storm is an extremely strong wind with a speed of 16 to 20 m/s.
• Storm - occurs during a cyclone, speed - from 15 to 32 m / s;
• A hurricane is a very strong storm caused by air masses moving in different directions at great speed, the speed of which is from 32 m/s;
• A typhoon is a hurricane of enormous destructive power that blew and blows mainly near east coast Asia, on Far East as well as the Western Pacific.

Wind gusts are short-term (several seconds) and strong (several hours or even months) movements of air masses. For example, for tropical climate distinguish the following types of winds:

• Monsoons - winds, typical mainly for tropical regions, blow for several months, sometimes changing the direction of the wind. In summer - from the ocean to land, in winter - vice versa. The summer monsoons are characterized by high humidity.
• Trade winds - such a wind usually blew and blows in tropical latitudes throughout the year, in the Northern Hemisphere - from the northeast direction, in the Southern - from the southeast. A windless strip separates them from each other.

Due to the constant change in pressure, the direction of the wind is constantly changing. But in any case, the wind always moves from an area of ​​high pressure to an area of ​​low pressure.

For thousands of years, people have been watching the winds, drawing certain conclusions, putting forward hypotheses, drawing up graphs in order to use this wind as best as possible in their activities. amazing phenomenon inanimate nature. So, the so-called Wind Rose appeared - a drawing, more precisely, a diagram that depicts exactly how the wind blows in a particular area.

The Wind Rose is composed in this way: eight straight lines are drawn from the center at a distance of 45 ° from each other, on which marks are applied with a length proportional to either the frequency of the winds or their speeds. After that, the ends of the marks are connected and two polygonal figures are obtained - the Rose of the frequency of winds, and the Rose of the speed of the winds.

The wind rose makes it possible to determine the direction, strength, and duration of the prevailing wind, as well as the frequency of air currents. The wind rose is drawn both in order to determine the average indicators, and to determine the maximum values. You can create a complex drawing on which diagrams will be plotted, consisting of several parameters at once, which will also show which direction the wind is blowing.

The drawings are extremely necessary for a person– during construction, to solve various economic problems (for example, in Lately thanks to the wind, it became possible to receive electricity), etc. After all, the wind may well be both a friend and an enemy - if you do not pay attention to it and do not take into account its influence on environment, he is quite capable of inflicting irreparable damage destroying man made creation. Although the wind is a phenomenon uncontrollable by man, since he blew and will blow wherever he wants, but now humanity can predict its approximate direction and strength, which can save many lives.