Penguin habitat. Penguins are unusual birds. Range, habitats

Penguins are flightless seabirds. Excellent swimmers and good divers. Clumsy on land and flexible in the water. The lifestyle, habits, and history of these unusual birds are interesting. They became the heroes of numerous cartoons and films, models for toys and works of art. Where do penguins live? You can hear different answers to this question. Let's search for the truth.

Where do penguins live?

There are six genera and sixteen species of penguins (some sources call the number eighteen). The place of residence varies among different species. However, it is possible to identify what is common to all penguins in the world.

Firstly, these birds are rarely seen far from the coast, in the open ocean. True, in the western part of the Atlantic sector of Antarctica, penguins are often found beyond the border of the coastal zone.

Secondly, each species of waterfowl has a delineated nesting area. And they almost never go beyond it. Although there are exceptions to any rule.

Thirdly, these amazing birds are found only in the Southern Hemisphere. The question of whether penguins live in the Arctic is irrelevant. This is the same as asking if tigers live in Africa. By definition, there can be neither penguins nor tigers in the named places. There is no ecological niche for these sea birds in the Arctic.

Where do different types of waterfowl live?

Emperor penguin. The largest in the penguin order. Habitat: the coast of Antarctica and adjacent waters.

Royal. Very similar to the imperial one, but a little smaller. In both species, necks are visible on the sides orange spots, similar to large quotation marks. The royal also has an orange front neck. Royal birds nest in temperate zone, on islands scattered in the Southern Ocean.

Papuan. The name of this species is incorrect, since gentoo penguins do not live in New Guinea. They nest on the Antarctic Peninsula and nearby islands. These birds can be distinguished by a white stripe on the crown of the head, running from eye to eye.

Adele. Most known species, which received its name thanks to the beautiful wife of the leader of the French Antarctic expedition D'Urville. This is a typical penguin with a dark tailcoat and head and a snow-white chest. His eyes are framed white ring. There are no similar species. Its habitat is the coast of Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula region.

Antarctic. Has a peculiar dark cap with a dark strap going to the chin. Breeds in the area of ​​the Antarctic Peninsula and Antarctic islands.

Humboldt penguin, or Peruvian. It owes its name to an outstanding German geographer. Lives along the Peruvian coast in a southern direction, to approximately 38° south latitude. It is distinguished by white horseshoe-shaped spots passing through the back of the head above the eye to the upper part of the chest, and a dark stripe intercepting the white chest.

Magellanic species. Lives on the Pacific coast South America(in its southern regions), on the Atlantic side of South America in temperate waters and on the Malvinas (Falkland) Islands. The Humboldt bird has two dark stripes that intercept the white chest.

Donkey or spectacled. This is the only species that lives on the southern coast of Africa. It received its eloquent name for its unpleasant and loud cry.

Galapagos. Externally similar to Magellanic. Place of residence: Galapagos Islands. There are no other species of these birds there.

Crested. Has exotic golden tufts of feathers protruding from its head. Breeds on many islands of the Southern Ocean (in the temperate zone). It differs from its fellows in its manner of movement: it pushes off with both paws at once. And he dives unusually: he jumps into the water like a “soldier.” For this, the crested one is called “rock jumping”.

Golden-haired. There are more golden feathers on its head than the crested one. His "hair" starts from the middle of his eyes and goes down to his back. The golden-haired waterfowl nests near the Antarctic Peninsula and on the islands of the Indian Ocean and Atlantic zones of the Southern Ocean, in temperate regions.

Schlegel's penguin. Has the same golden hair. It differs only in the white sides of the head. Lives on Macquarie Island, just south of the New Zealand Plateau.

Snar's Crested, Great Crested and Victoria Penguins. We have combined them because all these species live south of Cook Strait, in the New Zealand region.

Yellow-eyed, or magnificent. Has a yellow stripe running from eye to eye across the crown. Lives in the southern part of the New Zealand region.

Blue penguin, or small. His height is about forty centimeters. Lives on the Chatham Islands, the southern coast of Australia and near the main New Zealand islands.

Whitewing. It has a bluish top and white bottom. Breeds only off the eastern coast of New Zealand.

How long do penguins live?

Life expectancy varies slightly among different species. Moreover, the chances of survival in wildlife in large adults it is higher than in small penguins. Yes, big imperial birds can live more than twenty-five years. And their little brothers(for example, the magnificent penguin, Adelie, Magellan) live about ten to twelve years.

On average, sexual maturity in seabirds occurs at the age of three to five years. Pairs incubate one or two eggs for thirty to forty days. Already at this stage, the future generation is in danger. The eggs can be hunted by various birds, feral cats and other predators.

The chances of survival in the first twelve months are also quite low. Thus, during the first year of life, about half of all Adélie chicks die. And the reason is not only due to numerous predators, but also to lack of nutrition and insufficient fat reserves accumulated during the period of residence in the colony. Perhaps the parents were not very successful in hunting. Therefore, the chicks are underfed.

It has been observed that penguins live longer in captivity than in the wild. Here they are not threatened by predators and are provided with food.

When it comes to penguins - these flightless seabirds - the imagination usually pictures the white expanses of Antarctica and icy waters ocean. However, the continent is south pole is not the only habitat of these cute birds. About eighteen species settled in different parts southern hemisphere of the planet. The most famous among them is the imperial one - the largest in the family.

It grows up to 110-120 cm. The smallest is the little penguin. Compared to the imperial one, it is simply a dwarf with a height of 30-45 cm. In prehistoric times, there were about 40 more species that are now extinct.

You don't have to go on a polar expedition to meet black and white waterfowl. Test yourself to see if you know where penguins live and what they are like, why they are not afraid of polar bears and who is the main enemy of flightless birds.

In Antarctica and nearby islands live emperor penguin And Adele. The ocean is a kind of dining room. Although these birds are excellent swimmers and feed on fish and crustaceans in coastal waters, they do not swim far. Being social creatures, they sometimes gather in huge colonies, some of which number about tens of thousands of individuals. IN large group it is easier to survive and raise offspring.

Apart from Antarctica, penguins are home to:

• New Zealand;
• Australia (south);
• South America (west coast);
• southern Africa;
• The Galapagos Islands, located, by the way, closer to the equator.

It's unlikely you'll ever get to Kerguelen, Macquarie, Heard, or the South Sandwich Islands to see king penguin. The most accessible place for observation is the Tierra del Fuego archipelago. There you will meet golden-headed And Magellanic penguins.

Falkland Islands - territory gentoo penguin.

The Galapagos is the northernmost point of the range where the species of the same name lives.

Once in Tasmania or on the South American coast, you can meet crested penguin. It also lives on the islands of the Subantarctic. The species got its name from its bright yellow feathers that resemble bushy eyebrows. This feature sets it apart from other members of the family.

South Australia and New Zealand are suitable for observing little penguin. In addition to him, in this area you can also meet him white-winged relative The south of New Zealand sheltered Victoria penguin.

Africa is traditionally associated with deserts and heat. However, from the south it is surrounded by the cold Bengal Current, thanks to which they settled in South Africa and Namibia and the nearby islands. spectacled penguins. They are also called donkey because of the characteristic cry, Blackfoot or African.

When wondering where penguins live, people often confuse the names of regions. Without hesitation, they say that these birds live in the Arctic. However, the mentioned area is adjacent to North Pole and includes the coastal zone North America, Eurasia, Northern waters Arctic Ocean. If you suddenly become interested in ornithology and decide to watch amazing birds in nature, don't look for them in the Arctic!

Some people are easily confused by the question of whether polar bears eat penguins. The answer is simple - no. Polar bears live in the Arctic, i.e. they are common at the opposite pole of the Earth. The polar bear and the emperor penguin have never met in the wild and are unaware of each other's existence. The natural enemies of black and white birds in Antarctica and other regions are leopard seals, lions and seals, killer whales and sharks that lie in wait for prey in the ocean depths. On land, the greatest danger to the young is the brown skua and some gulls. And here polar bears They hunt sea animals - ringed seals, walruses, bearded seals - in the Arctic.

After the release of the cartoon “Penguins of Madagascar”, users began to wonder whether cold-loving birds really live on this island? There are no penguins in Madagascar, located east of the African continent. They were sent there by the imagination of DreamWorks studio animators, and even then as adventurers, not aborigines.

In the Soviet-Japanese cartoon “The Adventures of Little Penguin Lolo,” the action of which takes place in Antarctica, the heroes meet king penguins. However, you already know that only the emperor penguin and the Adélie penguin live there.

Threat of extinction

It is human nature to first mindlessly destroy and then try to preserve what remains. Once upon a time, penguins were killed en masse for their subcutaneous fat and their eggs were collected. Now, although the hunt has stopped, new dangers have arisen. Because of human activity Where penguins live, the habitat of these amazing birds is reduced and the balance of the ecosystem is disrupted. Feathered fish hunters have to compete with fishing boats. Penguins are suffering due to oil spills. As a result negative influence civilization, three species (crested, magnificent, Galapagos) were declared endangered at the beginning of our century. Another seven species are considered endangered. Only the inhabitants of Antarctica, as well as the royal one, are out of danger. Their numbers have even increased due to the decline in the population of baleen whales due to active hunting for them.

In the northern hemisphere, penguins can only be seen in the zoo, and only here do polar bears become their neighbors. In captivity, birds are provided with appropriate conditions for life. On the one hand, due to the lack natural enemies they are able to live up to their maximum age. On the other hand, zoos pose a different kind of danger - a fungal infection that affects the respiratory system. To protect penguins from this scourge, they are kept behind glass. Only with careful observance of all conditions of detention, which only professionals can provide, can a long life for a penguin in captivity be guaranteed.

Memory poem

If, after everything you've read, you still can't remember where polar bears live and where penguins live, read this short poem:

This is the continent of Antarctica.

There are two types of penguins here.

The largest is the imperial one,

He hunts fish expertly.

Others, smaller ones - Adele,

What black tailcoats they wore.

But if you are very brave,

You dream of white bears -

Then you are in the north, in the Arctic,

Get to know them in practice.

Remember - polar bears and penguins live in opposite hemispheres of the Earth!

Video about where penguins live

There are 18 species of penguins. In this article we will look at the main types of penguins with brief description. And in this article the life of penguins is described in more detail, since they basically have the same lifestyle and habits. Let's look at the distinctive features below.

The emperor penguin is the largest representative of the penguins. It can reach a height of up to 140 cm, and its weight can exceed 40 kg. Females are slightly smaller than males. It is distinguished by orange coloring on the neck and cheeks. Chicks are born with gray or white down. Emperor penguins are capable of diving to depths of about 500 meters. They hunt in groups.

An Emperor penguin egg hatches for 70-100 days. First the female sits on the egg, then the male replaces her. A penguin can sit on an egg for up to 50 days without eating. After being replaced by another penguin, the second parent goes to sea to hunt. They live on the continent of Antarctica.

Slightly smaller than the Emperor penguins are the King penguins. Their height is approximately 1 meter, and their weight ranges around 20 kg. They are distinguished from other penguins by bright orange spots on their cheeks and neck. Chicks King penguins They have brown down when they are born.

Male during mating dance makes loud sounds, raises its head up so that the female sees orange spots, which indicate sexual maturity. When the female becomes interested in the penguin, they begin to dance together. Their heads go up and down, and then they put their heads on each other's necks. Mating lasts only up to 10 seconds, and the process of dancing and mating is repeated again.

A representative of this penguin species is quite small. The penguin's height reaches only 60 cm, and its body weight reaches 3 kg. This penguin is distinguished by a yellow stripe of feathers above its eyes, as well as protruding black feathers on its head, which create a shaggy effect. The penguin's eyes are red. Divided into the southern crested and northern crested penguins.

Medium sized penguin. Distinctive feature there are golden tufts of feathers above the eyes and on the head. At the same time, the black feathers do not stick out, only the gold ones. The height of such a penguin is approximately 70-80 cm, and its weight reaches 5-6 kg. The eggs hatch for 35 days. Also, parents replace each other during incubation.

The smallest member of the penguin family. The height of such penguins is usually up to 40 cm, and their weight is up to 1.5 kg. It differs in the color of the feathers on the back, wings and head - they are dark blue. This species of penguin has become famous for the most faithful relationships between penguin pairs. Sometimes loyalty lasts a lifetime. Little penguins live in the south of mainland Australia. While on sandy beaches, they can dig holes. Penguins dive shallowly - only up to 50 meters deep. The eggs hatch for 30-40 days. After 50-60 days, the chicks are ready for independent life.

A representative of this species is 70-80 cm tall and weighs up to 7 kg. Distinguished from other penguins by the yellow stripe around the eyes. The beak and paws are red. Unlike other penguins, they rarely form colonies. Very rare view penguins. Their number is estimated at only about 4,000 pairs. The species is endangered. In 2004, for unknown reasons, 50-75% of all hatched chicks died.

It is also a representative of the medium-sized penguins. Height is 60-70 cm, and weight is approximately 7 kg. A distinctive feature of this penguin is the white ring of feathers around its eyes. They live a little over 10 years. Lives on the continent of Antarctica.

A bit close to Adelie penguins. Height is approximately 60-70 cm, but weight is smaller - up to about 5 kg. Distinguished by a white stripe of feathers on the head that extends from ear to ear. The male also incubates the eggs alternately with the female for about 35 days. It is this type of penguin that is capable of moving away from the coast into the open sea at distances of up to 1000 km. And they are capable of diving to a depth of 200-250 meters.

The Gentoo penguin is one of the most major representatives penguins. Its height reaches up to 90 cm, and its weight can reach 9 kg. Females are smaller than males. It is distinguished by a white patch of feathers near the eyes. They are record holders for underwater swimming. Capable of reaching speeds of up to 36 km/h! They dive to a depth of 200 meters.

Is unique representative species of penguins. And its uniqueness lies in its habitat. This is the only species of penguin that lives only a few tens of kilometers from the equator. The air temperature there ranges from 19-28 degrees Celsius, and the water temperature is 22-25 degrees. The Galapagos penguins themselves are quite small. Their height is up to 50 centimeters and their weight is up to 2.5 kilograms. A stripe of white feathers runs from the neck to the eyes. Unfortunately, this species is endangered. There are only about 2,000 adult pairs.

Types of penguins video:

These penguins are also called Donkey penguin, African penguin or black-footed penguin. Makes sounds very similar to the sounds of a donkey. Lives in the south of the continent of Africa. The height of penguins of this species ranges up to 70 cm, and their weight is approximately 5 kg. Distinctive feature These penguins have a narrow black stripe on their belly in the shape of a horseshoe. Around the eyes there is a pattern similar to glasses.

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general characteristics

The biggest of modern representatives is the emperor penguin (height - 110-120 cm, weight up to 46 kg), the smallest are representatives of the species Eudyptula minor- small penguin (height 30-40 cm, weight 1-2.5 kg). Such significant differences are explained by Bergmann's rule, of which penguins are a common example. Bergmann's rule states that animals living in cold regions have big sizes body, since this contributes to a more rational ratio of the volume and surface of the animal’s body and thereby reduces heat loss.

Emperor penguins in Antarctica

Body structure

Penguins are completely different from all other birds. special structure bodies. Penguins have a streamlined body shape, which is ideal for moving in water. The forelimbs of penguins are nothing more than flippers. The musculature and structure of the bones allows them to work underwater with their wings almost like propellers. Unlike other flightless birds, penguins have a sternum with a clearly defined keel, to which powerful muscles are attached. Swimming underwater differs from flying in the air in that the same energy is expended in raising the wing as in lowering it, since water resistance is greater than air resistance, therefore the shoulder blades of penguins have a larger surface area on which the muscles are attached, compared to other birds. responsible for lifting the wing. The humerus and forearm bones are connected at the elbow straight and motionless, which increases the stability of the wing. The pectoral muscles are unusually developed and sometimes account for up to 30% of body weight, which is several times greater than the muscles of the most powerful flying birds. The femurs are very short, the knee joint is immobile, and the legs are noticeably set back, causing an unusually straight gait. Large feet with a swimming membrane are relatively short - when on land, animals often rest, standing on their heels, while the rigid tail feathers serve as additional support for them. The tail of penguins is greatly shortened, since the steering function, which it usually has in other waterfowl, is performed primarily by the legs in penguins. The second obvious difference between penguins and other birds is bone density. All birds have tubular bones, which makes their skeleton lighter and allows them to fly or run fast. But in penguins they are similar to the bones of mammals (dolphins and seals) and do not contain internal cavities.

Thermoregulation

Within their habitat, penguins are exposed to extreme climatic conditions and have different anatomical features allowing them to adapt to these conditions. Thermal insulation is primarily served by a thick - from 2 to 3 cm - layer of fat, above which there are three layers of waterproof, short, tightly adjacent feathers and evenly distributed throughout the body. Penguins do not have apteria - areas of skin devoid of feathers, unlike almost all other birds; The exception is some tropical species, which have apteria on the front part of the head. The air in the layers of feathers also effectively protects against heat loss when in water. Penguins also have a well-developed “heat transfer system” in their fins and legs: the arterial blood entering them transfers heat to the colder venous blood flowing back to the body, thus keeping heat loss to a minimum. This process is called the "reverse flow principle". On the other hand, penguin species that live in tropical waters, forced to deal with overheating. Their fins, in relation to their body size, are large area, thus the surface from which heat transfer occurs is increased. In addition, some species also lack facial plumage, which accelerates the process of heat transfer in the shade.

Plumage

The numerous small, undifferentiated, rather hair-like feathers that make up the plumage, in almost all species of penguins, are grayish-blue on the back, turning into black, and white on the belly. This coloring is camouflage for many marine animals (for example, dolphins). Males and females are very similar, although males are slightly larger. Most crested penguins (Eudyptes) have a very noticeable orange-yellow head decoration. The plumage of the cubs is often gray or brown, but in some species the sides and belly are white. After hatching eggs and raising chicks, penguins begin molting - changing their plumage. During molting, penguins shed a large number of feathers at the same time and for this time are not able to swim in water and remain without food until new feathers grow. New feathers grow under the old ones and seem to push them out. During this period, which lasts from two to six weeks in different species, birds use fat reserves twice as fast. Subantarctic penguins (Pygoscelis papua) and Galapagos penguins (Spheniscus mendiculus) do not have a clear molting period; in these species it can begin at any time between hatching chicks. In birds that do not hatch chicks, molting almost always begins earlier than in others.

Vision and hearing

Penguins' eyes are perfectly adapted to underwater swimming conditions; The cornea of ​​their eyes is very flat, as a result of which birds are slightly myopic on land. Another means of adaptation is the contractility and extensibility of the pupil, which is especially pronounced in Emperor penguins that dive to great depths. Thanks to this feature, penguins' eyes very quickly adapt to changing light conditions in water at a depth of up to 100 m. Analysis of the pigment composition allows us to conclude that penguins see in the blue part of the spectrum better than in the red, and probably even perceive ultraviolet rays. Since light from the red part of the spectrum is scattered already in upper layers water, this visual feature is likely the result of evolutionary adaptation. Penguins' ears, like those of most birds, do not have a distinct external structure. When diving, they are tightly closed with special feathers, so that water does not penetrate inside the ear. In Emperor penguins, the edge of the outer ear is also enlarged so that it can be closed, thereby protecting the middle and inner ear from pressure damage that can be caused by diving to great depths. Underwater, penguins make almost no sounds, but on land they communicate through calls that resemble the sounds of a trumpet and rattle. It has not yet been established whether they use hearing to track prey and detect their natural enemies.

Nutrition

Penguins feed on fish - Antarctic silverfish (Pleuragramma antarcticum), anchovies (Engraulidae) or sardines (in Clupeidae), as well as crabs such as krill, or small cephalopods, which they hunt by swallowing directly under water. If different types share the same habitat, their diet tends to be different: Adélie penguins and chinstrap penguins prefer krill of different sizes.

Movement

The average speed that penguins develop in water is from five to ten kilometers per hour, but higher rates are possible over short distances. The most in a fast way movement is “dolphin swimming”; in this case, the animal jumps out of the water for a short time, like a dolphin. The reasons for this behavior are not clear: it probably helps to reduce current resistance, or is intended to confuse natural enemies.

In diving, some penguins break records: smaller species such as the subantarctic penguin (Pygoscelis papua) can stay underwater for one or (rarely) more than two minutes and dive to depths of 20 meters, but Emperor penguins can stay underwater for 18 minutes and dive to more than 530 meters. Although it is the superpowers of Emperor penguins that remain poorly understood to this day, it is known, however, that when diving, the animal’s pulse is reduced to one-fifth of its resting heart rate; Thus, oxygen consumption is reduced, which allows you to increase the duration of stay under water with the same volume of air in the lungs. The mechanism for regulating body pressure and temperature when diving to great depths remains unknown.

When leaving the water, penguins can jump to overcome the height coastline up to 1.80 m. Due to their relatively short legs, penguins move on land by waddling from side to side - this method of movement, as biomechanical studies have proven, saves a lot of energy. On ice, penguins can also move quickly - they slide down mountains while lying on their stomachs. Some species travel many kilometers between the sea and the place where their colony has settled.

Habitat

Penguins live in the open seas of the Southern Hemisphere: in the coastal waters of Antarctica, New Zealand, southern Australia, South Africa, along the entire west coast of South America from the Falkland Islands to Peru, as well as on the Galapagos Islands near the Equator. Penguins prefer cool weather, so tropical latitudes appear only with cold currents - the Humboldt Current on the west coast of South America or the Benguela Current, which arises at the Cape of Good Hope and washes the west coast South Africa.

Most species live between 45° and 60° south latitude; the most large cluster individuals are found in Antarctica and on the adjacent islands.

The most northern place Penguin habitat is the Galapagos Islands, located near the equator.

Reproduction

Penguins in folklore

• There is a joke among Russian fans of Formula 1 driver Kimi Raikkonen that during the years of his performances for the McLaren team, penguins (unexpectedly jumping onto the track or sitting in the car) were the cause of technical breakdowns and piloting errors.
• There is another joke: “ Pengu And we are swallows, only very fat ones».

Links

• Penguin.su A selection of articles and photographs about penguins, interesting facts
• Portal where penguins live Everything about penguins and even more. News, information, photos, postcards, games, etc.

Cold Antarctica and the west coast of South America are today considered the natural habitats of yellow-eared penguins (lat. Spheniscidae), emperor penguins- in the family - in New Zealand and southern Australia, they can also be found on the Galopagos Mountains and even in Africa.

Adélie penguins are the most numerous of all penguins living in Antarctica. Adélies breed on the islands adjacent to Antarctica when the polar summer begins. In winter, they swim between ice floes at great distances from their nests.

In South America today, the most populated islands are those geographically close to Antarctica. Golden-haired and chinstrap penguins live here - small birds whose size reaches 60 centimeters. These swimming birds rarely weigh more than 5 kilograms, and therefore have amazing maneuverability and speed in the water.

Constantly traveling, penguins populate the islands surrounding Antarctica virtually along its entire perimeter.

In fact, they are also penguins, but they settle in such a way as to be as close as possible to the cold waters of the Humboldt Current. They can be found on the coasts of Chile and Peru. These birds are often called by the name of the current, some scientists even propose to include Humboldt penguins in the official classification, citing the fact that these penguins have external characteristics from imperator or yellow-eared penguins: they have a slightly spotted abdomen and striped wings, a size of up to sixty centimeters and a weight of no more four kilograms. However, this species is unlikely to survive long in a changing climate; today there are no more than 20,000 penguins in Peru and Chile.

Magellanic penguins inhabited the territory of modern Argentina and the Falkland Islands. This species is listed in the Red Book. These birds nest mainly on the Patagonian coast, although they have been seen in Tierra del Fuego and even in Peru.

The most interesting seems to be the white-winged one. He is in Canterby, New Zealand. White-winged penguins are nocturnal inhabitants; unlike their counterparts, they sleep on the shore during the day and go to sea at night. This way of life forces them to settle in caves, which they often make themselves.

The smallest penguins in the world live in Australia. They are small. Their average height is 33 centimeters. Perhaps these are the most persistent penguins, known to science. after all, they can stay in the water for several weeks at a time. It is protected from the cold by special plumage that does not allow water to pass through the feathers.

South Africa's penguins, called African or black-footed penguins, live in the reserve, their home is the Cape of Good Hope. It is noticed that the voice African penguin similar to the cry of a donkey, which is why they are sometimes also called donkey penguins.

...and in the heat

It is noteworthy that penguins even live in Africa. Thus, large populations settled on the Galapagos Islands (Republic of Ecuador). During the day they are almost constantly in the water, and when the temperature drops, by night they come ashore. Relief Galapagos Islands uneven, consists, as a rule, of turf and basaltic lavas; penguins use the relief features to lay eggs.

Video on the topic

Related article

Penguins are amazing representatives of birds. These unique individuals amaze with their beauty and unusualness. Some people mistakenly believe that Antarctica is the only habitat for penguins. In fact, this is not true, because penguins can be found in areas where there are absolutely no ice cliffs.

Penguins are marine animals from the family of flightless penguinidae. They are mainly in the southern hemisphere, that is, in Antarctica, and on the coast of South America. These birds also live in South Africa, the Galapagos and Falkland Islands, and are least common in Peru.

Penguins love the cold Arctic climate, so very few individuals of this species can be found in the regions globe, with the exception of those places where there is a cold current in the seas. For example, the Benguela Current, which is located on the west coast of South Africa. One more place