Rivers of Russia - a list and a detailed map with names. The longest rivers in Russia The shortest river in the Russian Federation

Rivers is a wonderful gift of nature.

Two large rivers (Kama and Chusovaya), 40 medium rivers and about 29 thousand small rivers flow through the territory of the Perm Territory. Large rivers are considered to be those that have a length of more than 500 km, and small - rivers less than 100 km long.

Most long and deep rivers of the Perm region:

Along the length of the Kama (1805 km) - the sixth river in Europe after the Volga, Danube, Ural, Don and Pechora.

Rivers Western Urals very picturesque and varied in character. Some are typically flat (these are all the right tributaries of the Kama: Kosa, Urolka, Kondas, Inva, Obva and others; some are left: Veslyana, Lupya, South Celtma, Tulva, Saigatka). They have a calm current, a winding channel with numerous meanders, islands, channels, and aquatic vegetation. Their floodplains abound with oxbow lakes, and are often swampy.

Left-bank tributaries of the Kama, originating in Ural mountains ah, in the upper reaches - typically mountain rivers with a fast current. Along the banks of these rivers, there are often outcrops of numerous stones and picturesque cliffs. The channel is replete with rifts, rapids and small waterfalls. When they reach the plain, the rivers lose their mountainous character.

The total length of all rivers in the region exceeds 80,000 km. The total area of ​​all rivers and lakes in our region is approximately 2% of its entire surface, much more than in neighboring regions. Perhaps that is why the Kama region is called the water region.

In addition to rivers, in our region there are about 800 lakes and more than 300 ponds, three large reservoirs: Kamskoye, Votkinskoye and Shirokovskoye.

lakes poetically called "the blue eyes of the planet." The Perm region has the most Various types lakes: deep and shallow, small and medium, flowing and drainless, surface and underground, floodplain, karst, tectonic, natural and man-made, fresh and salty, overgrown, completely lifeless and rich in fish, with beautiful names and completely nameless. However, most of the lakes are small, floodplain and nameless. In terms of the number of lakes, the Kama region is inferior to other Ural regions. The total area of ​​lakes in the Perm Territory is only 0.1% of its area.

Most large lakes are located in the north of the region:

• Chusovskoye (19.4 sq. km)
• Big Kumikush (17.8 sq. km)
• Novozhilovo (7.12 km2)

Most deep lakes (all of them are of karst origin):

• Rogalek (depth 61 m)
• White (depth 46 m)
• Large in the Dobryansky district (depth 30 m)

The highest salinity of the surface lakes, there is Lake Igum (25.6 g/l) in the Solikamsk region.

The largest underground currently considered a lake in the grotto of Friendship of Peoples in the Kungur Ice Cave (about 1300 sq.m). In total, more than 60 lakes were found in this cave. Lakes are also known in other karst caves - Pashiyskaya, Divya, Kizelovskaya.
Lake Blue- an outcrop of an underground river.

Some lakes of the Kama region are protected by the state. State reserve on Lake Chusovskoye was created to protect many thousands of flocks of migratory birds. The reserve on Lake Adovo is designed to preserve the nesting sites of the rare whooper swan in the region.

Ponds and reservoirs. Ponds were created in the Kama region for a variety of purposes: to regulate the flow of small rivers, for the needs of small-scale energy, timber rafting, fishing, water supply, irrigation, and to decorate rural areas. The largest ponds:

Nytvensky (area 6.7 sq. km) on the Nytva River

Seminsky (area 5.2 sq. km) on the Zyryanka River

Ochersky (area 4.3 sq. km) on the Travyanka River

The most ancient ones were created 150-200 years ago at the old Ural factories. Now about five dozen such veteran ponds as Ochersky, Nytvensky, Pashiysky, Pavlovsky, Yugo-Kamsky and others have become a kind of monuments of history and culture.

In the region there are also larger reservoirs than ponds - reservoirs, created in connection with the construction of hydroelectric power stations: Kamskoye and Votkinskoye on the Kama, Shirokovskoye on Kosva.

swamps in the Perm Territory, they are widely distributed, both upland and lowland. Swamps and lakes in the north of the region are traces of the former continental glaciation. Part of the swamps was formed as a result of natural processes in slow-flowing reservoirs. Often leads to swamping economic activity human: intensive deforestation, the creation of reservoirs, the construction of dams, the construction of roads.

There are over 800 swamps in the Perm Territory, whose peat deposits can be of industrial importance. But the development of peat in many swamps is not recommended because of their role in water conservation, biological and other valuable qualities. In addition, vitamin-rich cranberries and cloudberries grow in swamps. Many swamps are good haylands.

Most large swamps are located in the north of the region:

Bolshoye Kamskoye (area 810 sq. km)

Djurich-Nyur (area 350 sq. km)

Byzimskoye (area 194 sq. km)

The groundwater. The variety of natural conditions of the region has created many of their species. Fresh waters, which have excellent drinking qualities, are especially widely represented. Recently, several dozen types have been discovered in the Kama region. mineral waters, many of which are of interest for resort construction. So far, iodine-bromine and hydrogen sulfide waters are most widely used in the resorts of Ust-Kachka, Klyuchi and in the balnearies of the city of Perm.

Natural springs, such as rivers, are not only a tourist attraction in Russia. This is a real treasure of our rich in Natural resources, countries.

The world leadership in terms of river runoff per year was recently revised, and Russia currently ranks second in this indicator.

The largest rivers in Russia

How many rivers are there in Russia? Famous among them, with a length of more than one and a half thousand kilometers, are the Amur, the Yenisei, the Lena and the Ob.

In total, there are more than two million such "arteries" of the earth on the territory of Russia. They are easy to find on the map of Russian rivers.

Map of Russian rivers (click to enlarge)

The table shows a list of rivers in descending order of length. Descriptions are given in alphabetical order in the text.

Amur

Along the southeast Russian border with the country "where the sun rises" (China), the great Russian river runs. The "black dragon" (in Chinese Heilongjiang) is freely located.

It originates where the flow of Argun and Shilka ends. Having overcome two and a half thousand kilometers, the Amur flows into the Sea of ​​​​Japan (Okhotsk) Sea. Throughout the entire length - from Pokrovka to the Amur Estuary - there are deliveries of cargo and passengers.

Fish White Amur

Amur is the Russian leader in the diversity of ichthyofauna: up to 139 species and subspecies of fish live in the waters, including unique breeds of sturgeon and salmon.

The tributary of the Amur - the Zeya - is full-flowing. There is a similar situation between the Volga and Kama. Thus, the width and fullness are not always taken into account when determining tributary rivers.

Volga

Source of inspiration for poets. The object of beautiful paintings by the artist. The character of folk tales and myths. The famous river in the western part of Russia, the beauty of which cannot be compared with others.

The Volga occupies a special place in the soul of a Russian person. She was endowed with will and reason, making her a symbol of an unenslaved people. In Rus', she had a special name "Mother Volga".

The uniqueness is that the main water branch does not flow into the world's oceans, having an internal flow. Large cities (for example, Samara) stand on its banks.

The main navigable river in Russia. Its channel is so full-flowing and rich in tributaries that it is rightfully considered the central waterway, which is divided into three parts:

• lower;
• average;
• top.

This made navigation easier.

From the point of view of science (hydrology and history), the lower part of the Volga is a natural continuation of the Kama, the river of the Perm Territory. However, due to the unifying role for the Russian state, priorities have changed (the Kama is a tributary of the Volga, and nothing else).

The official source of the Volga is located in the Tver region. This is the Volgoverkhovye village, where a water spring breaks to the surface, to the delight of many tourists.

It carries its waters through the lakes Verkhit Small and Verkhit Bolshoi, a system of large lakes in the upper reaches, combines into a reservoir up to the city of Rzhev.

The Volga is a river that unites four seas (Black, Azov, White and Baltic).

Vilyuy

The most long tributary river Lena. Its length is two thousand six hundred and fifty kilometers.

The Yakuts have been using fish resources and water for decades. The ecological state is gradually deteriorating due to the oil and gas industry. It is planned to build a hydrological power station.

The Vilyui basin is rich in fish resources and lakes, of which there are more than sixty-seven thousand. The source of the tributary is located on the plateau of the same name near Tunguska (Lower).

Gryazev

The shortest river carries its waters over a distance of ten kilometers. It starts a kilometer from the Mitovskaya station (Moscow railway).

Due to a historical inaccuracy that crept in, in the 20th century it changed places with Nakhabinka. The smallest river of the described.

Don

It takes its name from the languages: Scythians, Sarmatians and Aryans. From the cognate word dānu (translated as "river, drops or dew"). It flows from the Central Russian Upland to a distance of one thousand eight hundred and seventy kilometers to the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov.

Don is a winding river in the area of ​​the Great Bend (Donskaya Luka). The bends bring the channel closer to the Volga already described above for a distance of sixty kilometers.

Don is navigable due to the calm (slow) current, which is typical for lowland rivers.

Northern Dvina

It was formed due to the union of two tributaries (Sukhona and Vychegda) with a delta of nine hundred square kilometers.

Beginning in the fifteenth century trading history rivers. Many cargoes were delivered to Europe.

The "status" changed in the nineteenth century, when the Dvina became an important military strategic object.

Yenisei

He is called "father" by analogy with the Volga-mother. The most full-flowing artery, which runs to the Arctic Ocean, crosses most of the climatic zones of Siberia along the way.

The mouth of the river (Yenisei basin) is fifty kilometers. On its banks you can meet a camel or a polar bear.

In terms of runoff, the Yenisei is second only to the Tunguska (lower part), despite the fact that it is fed by half a thousand tributaries.

Irtysh

Own letter designation got on the map thanks to the Turkic-Iranian theory (“kara” is the earth, and “irtsis” is a swift stream, fast).

The longest length, over 4 thousand kilometers, forced the inhabitants of the coast to give the honorary name Black Irtysh to the section to Lake Zaisan (the synonym “kara” is used - black).

Ishim

It owes its appearance on the world map to the death of the Tatar Khan, who drowned in the left tributary of the Irtysh. "Took" a place in the Kazakh mountains Iyaz.

Translated from the Tatar language, Ishim, and more specifically Ishimak, means “destroying”. According to the Russian laboratory, in its lower reaches there are traces of pollution from the oil refining industry.

Kuban

The beautiful river, sung by more than one generation of Cossacks, did not immediately acquire its familiar name. Scholars suggest that there were at least three hundred different references to her. As a result, the Karachay-Balkarian name "Kuban" (rising stream) remained.

A mountain river is born at the foot of Elbrus, after transferring its waters through nine hundred kilometers and flowing into the Sea of ​​Azov.

On the banks of the great Russian Kuban there is a place for birds of prey and near-water birds, as well as wild boars and muskrats. And hundreds of species of fish have found shelter in its waters.

Lena

In the first half of the seventeenth century, the Russian pioneer Pyande got acquainted with the life of the Kangalas Yakuts (now the city of Yakutsk). The largest river Lena (from the similar Even "yene") was the first for the traveler's rafting.

It has a length of over 4 thousand kilometers (the longest),

Surprisingly, the starting point of the Lena is a swampy area near Lake Baikal (ten kilometers to the west).

Neva

The only river flowing from Lake Ladoga. The uncontrollable and capricious "coquette river" constantly changes its channel depth and width.

It attracted the attention of Peter I both by its picturesqueness and by the fact that it is the most abundant in water. The king laid on its shore the most a beautiful city"drawbridges" (St. Petersburg).

The total length is 74 kilometers.Its basin has 48 thousand lakes, and the volume of water is comparable to the Don and Dnieper combined.

After research in 2013, out of 24 bathing places, one turned out to be suitable. Pollution class after the test was assigned the third.

Ob

Leader in terms of basin size (3 million km 2) and water flow (12 thousand meters per second). The river stretches for 3.5 thousand km. and flows into the Kara Sea.

The widest in Russia. In spring, a sixty-kilometer floodplain forms at the confluence, and the flood itself lasts up to three months.

Russian travelers learned about the largest river in Russia from Komi guides (“obva” means “snow water”).

Ural

The original Yaik (Kazakh name) was by decree Russian empress Catherine II was renamed Ural. Many indigenous people in the Urals remember the former name.

The river originates in the Uraltau (mountains of the Southern Urals) and flows into the Caspian Sea.

The Ural has a rather winding and often changing direction channel, leaving oxbow ponds behind it.

Conclusion

Clean rivers are most often found in places devoid of constant human interference. Drinking water from a spring close to the city is dangerous. There is a possibility of industrial pollution.

IN Siberian taiga there are springs with crystal clear moisture. Alas, technological progress makes the environmental situation more difficult every year.

There is a great way to see Russia's water resources by taking a cruise on the largest rivers. This can be a great opportunity to understand the world of the Russian soul, known for its mystique.

Russia is located in the east of Europe and in the north of Asia, occupying about 1/3 of the territory of Eurasia and 1/9 of the earth's land. European part the country (about 23% of the area) includes territories to the west of the Ural Mountains (the border is conditionally drawn along the Urals and the Kumo-Manych depression); The Asian part of Russia, which occupies about 76% of the territory, lies to the east of the Urals and is also called Siberia (however, the exact definition of the boundaries of Siberia is a matter of dispute) and the Far East. The total length of Russia's borders is 60,933 km (of which 38,808 km are maritime borders); Russia's borders in the north and east are maritime, in the south and west they are mostly land. Despite the fact that Russia in terms of area is largest country world, climatic and soil conditions in most of its territory are not conducive to agriculture.

Russia is one of the most water-provided countries in the world. The country has one of the world's largest reserves of fresh water. Surface waters occupy 12.4% of the territory of Russia, while 84% of surface waters are concentrated to the east of the Urals; many densely populated areas of the European part of Russia experience a shortage of water resources. Production needs prevail in the structure of water use.

Russia has the most deep lake world (Baikal), the longest river in Europe (Volga) and largest lake Europe (Ladoga), the cold pole of the Northern Hemisphere (Verkhoyansk), as well as highest peak Europe (Elbrus) (when drawing the border between Europe and Asia along the Greater Caucasus Range, and not along the Kum and Manych rivers to the mouth of the Don).

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Lakes of Russia

There are over 2.5 million lakes in Russia. The largest lakes are the Caspian, Ladoga, Onega, Baikal. The Caspian is the largest lake in the world in terms of area, and the deepest is Baikal. The lakes are very unevenly distributed. There are especially many of them in the Vilyui basin, on the West Siberian Plain and in the north-west of the European Plain - in Karelia. All these areas are in conditions of excessive moisture. To the south, in the zone of steppes and semi-deserts with their arid climate, the number of lakes decreases sharply, and many lakes have saline or brackish water. Salty are such drainless large lakes as the Caspian Sea, as well as lakes Elton and Baskunchak, where table salt is mined.
There are countless smaller lakes, located mainly in the poorly drained lowlands of the Russian and West Siberian Plains, especially in the more northern regions. Some of them reach significant sizes, in particular, Lake Beloe (1.29 thousand sq. km.), Topozero (0.98 thousand sq. km.), Vygozero (0.56 thousand sq. km.) and Lake Ilmen (0.98 thousand sq. km.) in the territory of the European north-west of the country, and Lake Chany (1.4-2 thousand sq. km.) in the south-west of Siberia.
Lakes also differ in the origin of the basins. Lakes of tectonic origin are located in troughs and dips earth's crust. The largest tectonic lake Baikal is located in a graben and therefore reaches a depth of 1637 m.
Glacial-tectonic lake basins arose as a result of glacier processing of tectonic depressions in the earth's crust: Imandra, Ladoga, Onega. In Kamchatka and the Kuriles, lakes are mainly of volcanic origin. In the northwest of the European Plain, the origin of lake basins is associated with continental glaciations. Many basins are located between moraine hills: Seliger, Valdai.
As a result of landslides, dammed lakes arose in mountain valleys: Sarez in the Pamirs, Ritsa in the Caucasus. Small lakes appear above karst sinkholes. On South Western Siberia many saucer-shaped lakes resulting from subsidence of loose rocks. When ice melts in permafrost areas, saucer-shaped shallow lakes also form. The oxbow lakes are located on the floodplains of lowland rivers. On the shores of the Black and Azov Seas there are lakes-estuaries.
All large and largest lakes Russia are widely used in the national economy. They catch and breed fish. Especially a lot of fish, including the most valuable sturgeon, are caught in the Caspian. There is omul fishing in Baikal. The lakes are also used for navigation. A variety of minerals are mined in the basins of the lakes: oil and mirabilite in the Caspian Sea, table salt in Elton and Baskunchak.

The largest lakes in Russia

Caspian Sea, area - 376,000 square kilometers, maximum depth - 1,025 meters.
Lake Baikal, area - 31,500 square kilometers, maximum depth - 1,620 meters.
Lake Ladoga, area - 17,700 square kilometers, maximum depth - 230 meters.
Lake Onega, area - 9,690 sq. km., maximum depth - 127 meters.
Taimyr lakes, area - 4,560 sq. km., maximum depth - 26 meters.
Lake Khanka, area - 4,190 sq. km., maximum depth - 11 meters.
Lake Peipus-Pskovskoye, area - 3,550 sq. km., maximum depth - 15 meters.
Lake Chany, area - 1 708-2 269 sq. km., the greatest depth - up to 10 meters.
White Lake, area - 1,290 sq. km., maximum depth - 6 meters.
Topozero, area - 986 sq. km., the greatest depth - 56 meters.
Lake Ilmen, area - 982 sq. km., the greatest depth - up to 10 meters.
Lake Imandra, area - 876 sq. km., maximum depth - 67 meters.
Khantai lake, area - 822 sq. km., maximum depth - 420 meters.
Segozero, area - 815 sq. km., maximum depth - 97 meters.
Kulunda Lake, area - 728 sq. km., the greatest depth - 4 meters.
Teletskoye lake, area - 223 sq. km., maximum depth - 325 meters.

Rivers of Russia

Russia occupies a vast geographical area, and it is not surprising that numerous rivers spread over its expanses, which played an important historical role in the settlement and development of new lands. Almost all are located on the rivers Largest cities countries. Within Russia there are about 3 million rivers with a total length of almost 10 million km. Most of the Russian rivers belong to the Arctic Ocean basin. It makes up over 66% of the country's area; up to 80% of atmospheric precipitation falls within its limits. The rivers flowing into the northern seas are the longest and most full-flowing in Russia. The longest river Lena is 4400 km. The most full-flowing river is the Yenisei (623 km3 per year). In terms of catchment area, the first place in the country is occupied by the Ob (2975 sq. km.). The rivers of the Arctic Ocean are freezing. In winter, a winter road is installed along them for about four months - roads for the movement of cars and sledges.
The largest rivers of Siberia originate in the south of the country in the Altai, Sayan and Baikal mountains. The rivers of the Arctic Ocean basin are fed by snow and rain. In the spring, due to the melting of snow on the rivers, the water rises. The flood begins in the south, and in the north the ice for a long time prevents the flow of melt water to the ocean. Therefore, on all rivers of the Arctic Ocean basin in the middle and lower reaches, high water rises occur in spring. In the southern parts of the rivers of Siberia are swift and rapids. On these segments of the valleys, large hydroelectric power plants have been built and are being built: Krasnoyarsk and Sayano-Shushenskaya on the Yenisei, Novosibirsk on the Ob, Bukhtarma and Ust-Kamenogorsk on the Irtysh, Irkutsk, Bratsk and Ust-Ilimskaya on the Angara, on the tributaries of the Lena - Vilyui and Vitim - built Vilyui and Mamakanskaya HPP. In the northern plains, the course of these rivers is calm and smooth. In summer, they are used for timber rafting and navigation, connect the southern and inland regions of the country with the Northern by sea and the Trans-Siberian Railway.
The rivers of the European part of the Arctic Ocean basin - Pechora, Mezen, Northern Dvina and Onega are much shorter than the Siberian rivers. They flow completely over the plains and therefore have a calm current.
To the pool Pacific Ocean covers approximately 19% of the country's area. The main river of this basin is the Amur and its tributaries Zeya, Bureya and Ussuri. Rivers are predominantly rain fed. In the conditions of the monsoon climate in the Pacific basin, little snow falls in winter, so there are no spring floods, but floods are very significant due to summer monsoon rains. The water in the Amur and its tributaries rises to 10-15 m and floods vast areas. Catastrophic spills usually occur in early autumn. At this time, sudden and stormy downpours of cyclones - typhoons often fall on the Far Eastern regions of the country. River floods reach several tens of kilometers and cause great damage to agriculture, cities and towns.
The Amur and its tributaries have a large fall and are rich in hydropower. The Zeya hydroelectric power station was built on the Zeya River. The Amur is the main river highway of the Far East, through which the inner remote regions are connected with the seas. The Argun, Amur and Ussuri rivers are the state border of Russia with People's Republic China.
Near the rivers of Chukotka and the basin Sea of ​​Okhotsk predominantly snow fed. Therefore, they are full-flowing in late spring and early summer, which favors the movement of salmon fish, rising to spawn up rivers and streams.
The Caspian basin is called drainless, since the rivers carry their waters not to the World Ocean, but to an internal drainless reservoir - to the Caspian Sea. The basin covers the interior of the East European Plain, Southern Urals, the eastern part of the Caucasus.
The Volga, Ural, Araks, Terek, Emba and other rivers flow into the Caspian. The largest river is the Volga. Its basin occupies 34% of the East European Plain. Most of the tributaries of the Volga are located in a temperate continental climate with sufficient moisture. Food is mostly snowy. In the spring, when the snow melts, there is a significant rise in water in the river. In summer, the main source of food is groundwater and rain. Some rise of water in the channel also occurs in autumn, when evaporation is significantly reduced. Below the mouth of the large left tributary of the Kama, the Volga flows through the steppe and semi-desert zones, where there is very little precipitation and therefore there are no significant tributaries. Below Volgograd, the Volga has no tributaries and is of a transit nature. It only carries water and partially evaporates it. From here, the Volga splits into branches, the largest of which is Akhtuba. Below Astrakhan, the channel is divided into 80 branches, forming a vast delta. Now almost the entire Volga has turned into a cascade of dams and reservoirs. On the Upper Volga, not far from Tver, there is the Ivankovskoye Reservoir. From him begins the channel to them. Moscow, through which the Volga water is pumped for the water supply of Moscow. Below, the entire Volga to Volgograd turned into a chain of interconnected reservoirs (Uglich, Rybinsk, Gorky, Cheboksary, Kuibyshev, Saratov and Volgograd). They retain a significant part of the spring flood water, which is used to generate electricity, water supply to cities, and irrigate drylands. Thanks to reservoirs, the movement of large river vessels is possible. Now the river is connected by the Volga-Don navigable canal with the Black and Azov seas, the Volga-Baltic - with the Baltic and White seas. Half of all river cargo and passengers of the country are transported along the Volga. But the reservoirs flooded large areas fertile floodplain lands. The dams slowed down the flow of the Volga. As a result, a large amount of pollutants began to accumulate in the reservoirs, which come here from the fields, as well as with industrial and domestic effluents. Therefore, the river is currently heavily polluted.
Pool Atlantic Ocean occupies the smallest area - about 5% of the entire territory of Russia. The rivers flow west into the Baltic Sea and south into the Black and Azov Seas. To the west flow the Western Dvina, Neman, Neva, etc. To the south - the Dnieper, Don and Kuban. All the rivers of the Atlantic Ocean basin are full-flowing all year round, since most of their watersheds are located on the territory of sufficient moisture. They mainly feed on snow, and in summer - underground and rain. The rivers flowing into the Baltic Sea have very little fluctuations in runoff, since precipitation falls evenly throughout the year. There are only small spring floods and autumn floods. The Neva River occupies a special place. This short river (74 km long) carries a huge amount of water - 79.7 km3 per year, four times more than the Dnieper, which has a length of over 2 thousand km. The Neva originates in Lake Ladoga and therefore its flow is constant throughout the year.
But almost every year it floods part of St. Petersburg with its waters. The culprits of the floods are surges of water from the Baltic Sea, which dam up the Neva. As a result, the water in the river rises by 2 - 3.5 m and splashes out of the granite embankments onto the streets and squares of the city.
The rivers of the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean basin receive water in their branched upper reaches. In the lower sections, they are of a transit nature, since here the rivers cross the steppe zone with an arid climate. The food of the Dnieper and Don is mainly snow, so they have high spring floods. On southern rivers a cascade of hydroelectric facilities and reservoirs was built. Reservoirs are used both to generate electricity and to irrigate arid lands in the south of the East European Plain. Rice and other agricultural crops are grown in the Sea of ​​Azov and the North Caucasus thanks to the waters of the Don and Kuban.

The largest rivers of Russia

Lena, length - 4320 km., Basin area - 2418 thousand sq. km.
Yenisei (with Biy-Khem), length - 4012 km., Basin area - 2707 thousand sq. km.
Ob (with Katun), length - 4070 km., Basin area - 2425 thousand sq. km.
Volga, length - 3690 km., Basin area - 1380 thousand sq. km.
Amur, length - 2824 km., Basin area - 1855 thousand sq. km.
Ural, length - 2530 km., Basin area - 220 thousand sq. km.
Kolyma, length - 2150 km., Basin area - 644 thousand sq. km.
Don, length - 1950 km., Basin area - 422 thousand sq. km.
Indigirka, length - 1790 km., Basin area - 360 thousand sq. km.
Pechora, length - 1790 km., Basin area - 327 thousand sq. km.
Northern Dvina (with Sukhona), length - 1300 km., Basin area - 411 thousand sq. km.
Yana (with Dulgalakh), length - 1070 km., Basin area - 318 thousand sq. km.
Selenga (with Ider), length - 1020 km., Basin area - 445 thousand sq. km.
Mezen, length - 966 km., Basin area - 76 thousand sq. km.
Kuban, length - 906 km., Basin area - 51 thousand sq. km.
Terek, length - 626 km., Basin area - 44 thousand sq. km.
Onega, length - 416 km., Basin area - 58 thousand sq. km.
Neva, length - 74 km., Basin area - 282 thousand sq. km.

On the territory of our country there are a huge number of rivers (2.5 million). Most of them are small, their length usually does not exceed 100 kilometers. Then the question arises: what are the largest rivers in Russia? We will try to answer it in this article.

To begin with, we will present you with a list of these rivers:

1. Yenisei.
2. Lena.
3. Amur.
4. Volga.
5. Kolyma.
6. Khatanga.
7. Indigirka.
8. Northern Dvina.

And now let's talk about them in more detail.

River Ob

The largest river in Russia, which is located in Western Siberia. It is formed by the confluent Biya and Katun rivers. From the source of the Irtysh, its length is 5410 kilometers. In the North, it flows into the Gulf of Ob. The water basin of the river occupies a huge area - 2,990 thousand square meters. km. According to this indicator, it rightfully occupies a leading position in our list. In terms of water content, the Ob is in third place, second only to the Lena and the Yenisei.

The Ob feeds mainly on melt water. During the spring-summer flood, the largest river in Russia receives most of its annual flow. From April, the flood begins in the upper reaches, in the second half of April it begins in the middle reaches, and in early May this process occurs in the lower reaches. The water level rises when it freezes. When the river opens up, short-term insignificant rises in levels occur as a result of the resulting jams.

The flood ends in the upper reaches in July. In September - October, a rain flood begins, which continues until freezing in the lower and middle reaches. The ice cover remains on the Ob for an average of 220 days a year.

The main tributary of the Ob is the Irtysh. The length of this river from its source, which is located on the border of China and Mongolia, to its confluence with the Ob is 4,248 km.

Fishing has been developed on this river for a long time. Even at the end of the 19th century, there were a lot of ruff, perch, sculpin, pike, shokur, muksun, nelma and other fish species in the river waters. Today, there are fewer fish in the waters of the Ob, but nevertheless there are about 50 species.

Yenisei

Today we present you the largest rivers in Russia. The list continues with the mighty Yenisei. This river is considered a natural border between the West and East of Siberia.

Its length is 4287 km. The Yenisei flows through the lands of two neighboring states - Mongolia and Russia. The total area of ​​the river is 2,580 thousand square kilometers. This figure allows this huge river to take second place in Russia.

On the left bank of this Siberian river there are plains, and on the right bank there is an endless mountain taiga. In this regard, there is a sharp asymmetry of the banks of the Yenisei. The right bank is more than 5 times higher than the left one. On its way from source to mouth, the river crosses all the climatic zones of Siberia. That is why camels are found in the upper reaches of the Yenisei, and polar bears are found in the lower reaches, closer to the ocean.

Lena river

It cannot be said that this is the largest river in Russia, although its dimensions are impressive. The length of the river is 4480, and its total area is 2490 thousand square meters. km. The Lena River is rightfully in third place among the major rivers of our country.

The river is mainly fed by water from the melting of glaciers and snow - approximately 50% of total. Precipitation gives the river approximately 38% of water and approximately 13% is underground nutrition, more typical for the upper reaches.

In mid-October, the Lena freezes up in the upper reaches. It opens in mid-April. The ice cover is kept on the river for about 270 days a year.

Amur

The topic of our article was the largest rivers in Russia. The names of many are known not only to Russians, but also to our neighbors from other countries. For example, Amur. This is one of the longest rivers in our country and the largest in the Far East. It flows on the border of Russia and China and carries its waters through the territory of Mongolia. The Amur flows into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk.

The basin area of ​​this river is 1,855 thousand square kilometers, and its length is 2,824 km.

Volga

Sung by poets and composers, which inspired artists to create immortal canvases, is, of course, the Volga River. And although this is not the largest river in Russia, it is a symbol of our country.

The source of the Volga is located on the Valdai plateau of the Tver region. The Volga is considered one of the largest rivers on our planet. The length of the river is 3530 km. The total area is 1361 thousand square meters. km. The river flows through the lands of Russia and Kazakhstan.

Kolyma river

This river is located in Yakutia. Its length is 2,129 km. Water basin - 645 thousand square meters. km. Kolyma was formed as a result of the merger of two big rivers Kulu and Ayan-Yuryakh. Kolyma flows into the bay of the same name.

Don

This river is considered the oldest in Russia. Don originates in Tula region on the Central Russian Upland. Its length is 1870 km, water basin- 422 thousand sq. km.

The course is very slow, for which the Cossacks call this leisurely and majestic river "quiet Don". This is due to the flat profile in which the channel passes. The slope to it is quite insignificant, on average this value does not exceed 0.1 degrees. In some areas, the width of the valley reaches 13 km. The right bank is steep and high, while the left bank is low.

Khatanga river

This river is located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Its length is 1636 km. Water basin area of ​​364 thousand square meters. km. It is formed by two rivers Kotuy and Kheta.

This river flows through a wide valley in the North Siberian lowland. There are more than 112 thousand lakes in the Khatanga basin. Their total area is 11.6 thousand sq. km.

Indigirka

In Yakutia, on the slopes of the Khalkan Range, there is the source of the Indigirka River. Its length is 1726 km, the water basin area is 360 thousand square meters. km. Its source is made up of two medium-sized rivers - Omyokon and Kuidusun.

The Indigirka is the coldest river in Russia. IN winter time in the lower reaches it freezes through. In summer, it is covered with frost and turns into a sparkling ice stream, picturesquely flowing among the mountains. From the end of September, the river is shackled by ice, which does not disappear until June.

Northern Dvina

Our list of the 10 largest rivers in Russia has come to an end. It is completed by the Northern Dvina, which flows through two large regions - Arkhangelsk and Vologda.

Its length is 744 km, the area is 360 thousand square meters. km. At its source, the small rivers Sukhona and Yug join. This northern river is famous for the fact that the history of shipbuilding in Russia began on it.

It can be said with great confidence that Russia is the most prosperous fresh water a country. On the territory of the Russian Federation there are more than 2.5 million rivers (both small and large). All of them belong to the three oceans. Let's talk with you about what are the most important rivers in Russia. The names of most of them have developed historically, so we will touch on the past a bit. On the territory of the Russian Federation there are a lot of amazing rivers and lakes.

Some general information

Approximately 70% of the rivers that are in Russia belong to the Arctic Ocean. The longest and deepest rivers, such as the Yenisei, the Oba, the Lena, etc., flow into the basin. The Pacific Ocean includes the Amur and Anadyr. The features of the last two are relatively small length and rapid flow. The Don belongs to the Atlantic Ocean basin. You should not miss one important point, which is that many rivers are located in several border states at once, for example, in Mongolia, Ukraine or Belarus.

As noted above, there are more than 2.5 million rivers in Russia. This fact speaks of a huge stock fresh water. It is also very important for agriculture and industry. For example, there is no such problem as the drought of farmlands, which is due to sufficient water resources. It is impossible not to say that the total length of all the rivers of Russia is approximately 10 million km. You probably think that our country ranks first in the world in terms of water resources? No, unfortunately the latter. The first is Brazil, where the volume of fresh river water is somewhat larger.

The average long-term flow is 4290 cubic meters per year. This is quite a lot, but, given the uneven location of rivers in the country and various kinds of difficulties in organizing rational use water resource, stable annual flow is only 1400 cubic meters. As for the amount of water per person, in the Russian Federation it is about 18 thousand m 3 per year, while in the USA - 8 thousand m 3, in Finland - 23.9 thousand m 3 for the same period.

Let's take a closer look at the main rivers of Russia. The names are very different - invented by both other peoples and indigenous people. Let's start with the most interesting.

The main river of Russia is the Volga

Surface waters occupy 12.4% of the total territory of the country. Moreover, 84% is concentrated in the east of the Urals. On the territory of Russia there is one of the largest rivers in the whole world, and this is the Volga. Its basin occupies more than 30% of the European part of the Russian Federation. It flows through four regions and eleven republics.

If we list the rivers of Russia, the names of which are most often mentioned in history, then the Volga will be in the first place. Its length is more than 3,500 kilometers. This is the distance between Berlin and Moscow multiplied by two.

Of course, the Volga has just a huge economic importance, and has been used for hundreds of years as a transport highway, as well as one of the main sources of hydropower.

If we talk about the industrial production of Russia as a whole, then approximately 45% of enterprises use the resource of the river in question. All this suggests that the Volga is of great importance. If not for this reservoir, then life would be much more difficult for us.

The name of the major rivers of Russia, such as the Volga and others, must be remembered, if only because we get more than 80% of all fish from them.

The Volga originates on the Valdai Upland. Every year people come there to take a sip of the Volga water. In the indicated place, this river is a small spring, which becomes wider and deeper with every meter. Lotuses grow here - beautiful flowers that we all associate with the East. this great and ancient river dedicated to many songs as well as plays. You can talk endlessly about the beauty and grandeur of this river, but all this is not very impressive if you do not see the reservoir with your own eyes. You already know how many rivers there are in Russia, so let's talk about those that are of great importance for the development of the country.

Cupid, or "Black Dragon"

This giant is located in Transbaikalia. Crossing mountain ranges and plains, the Amur flows into the river. The river spreads over three states: Russia, Mongolia and China. Approximately three thousand kilometers of the border between Russia and China runs along the Amur. In China it is a dragon. According to legend, two dragons lived here for a very, very long time: white - evil, and black - good. When the black dragon defeated evil, he remained to live at the bottom. The Chinese have adopted this name.

It is noteworthy that on the border of the Amur basin one can observe an amazing spectacle - the change of four physical and geographical zones. There are steppe and semi-desert zones, as well as forest and forest-steppe zones. During the entire existence of the Amur, more than thirty peoples of the world and different ethnic groups settled in these places. If you recall the name of the major rivers of Russia, then the Amur immediately comes to mind.

It is safe to say that the wetlands of the Far Eastern giant are considered a very valuable natural complex. The fact is that fish resources are reproduced here, and the river is of great importance for the migration of hundreds of thousands of birds. It is on the Amur that almost 95% of the Far Eastern and 50% of the White-naped and Japanese cranes nest. There are over 5,000 species various plants and approximately 400 species of birds, as well as 70 species of mammals. One of the rarest is the Amur tiger.

In recent years, the situation on the Amur has escalated significantly. This is due to the active human intervention in the ecosystem of the river. The fact is that more than a hundred million people live in the Amur basin, and this is if we talk only about China. If we still know exactly how many rivers there are in Russia, then in a few years the Amur may not exist, and man will be to blame for everything.

Don is a witness of Russian history

According to the research, scientists were able to name the approximate time of the occurrence of this river. According to most scientists, Don appeared about 23 million years ago. This largest river in the south of Greek literature there is such a name as Tanais. A long time ago, the legendary Amazons lived here - warriors, who practically had no equal. There are also mentions of these female warriors in Russian stories, according to which, they often fought with the heroes of Rus'.

If we list the rivers of Russia, the names of which were given by other peoples, then the Don is one of them. The Iranian peoples lived for some time in the places of the Northern Black Sea region, then these tribes gave the name to the river, which is still used today. Don in translation into Russian means "river".

In many ways, the economy of the south depends on river transport. Most of them are carried out along the Don. It is safe to say that about 85% of the main industry is located on the banks of the river. Here and machine-building plants, food and chemical, as well as the tobacco industry. There was no lack of energy. On the Don is the Rostov NPP, as well as the Novovoronezh NPP.

It is worth paying your attention to the fact that there are three Dons all over the world. The most important is located on the territory of Russia, it is also the largest. The younger namesake flows in the Scottish county of Aberdeen. Another Don is located in York County, in England.

As you can see, the rivers located on the territory of Russia are very popular, and some are known even in far abroad countries. We continue our story further, because there is still a lot of interesting things.

What is the longest river in Russia?

The answer to this question is certainly of interest to many. The Lena River is the longest in Russia. In the world, it ranks tenth in length and eighth in fullness. It originates in the mountains in the south of Siberia and flows into the Laptev Sea. The length of the river is 4,400 kilometers.

On the slopes of the Baikal Ridge, Lena originates. In those places, this is a very small lake, which does not even have its own name. It is located at an altitude of about 930 meters above sea level, ten kilometers from Lake Baikal. Among the mountains, the Lena has no tributaries and flows along the bottom of a small valley. In winter, it freezes almost completely, and in summer it dries up almost completely.

Having received the first tributaries, the river becomes deeper and wider. Mountain currents are very fast and winding. If you ask what long river in Russia is of great importance for the country, then this is without a doubt the Lena. The fact is that this reservoir is the main transport artery of Yakutia. Almost everything that is brought here from the north comes along the river. This is due to the poor condition of the roads.

It is impossible not to consider the issue of population. Studies have shown that few people live on the banks of the Lena. Main part settlements located in Yakutsk, otherwise we are talking only about

Today it is almost impossible to establish where the name came from. Scientists make assumptions that the origin of the name refers to the Tungus-Manchurian "Yelyu-Ene", which means "Big River".

The Russians discovered the reservoir in 1621. First, the explorer Pyanda did this, and then the centurion Peter Beketov.

"Borisfen", or Dnieper

This river flows through the territory of three countries: Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Despite the fact that most of them are located in the Russian Federation, the Dnieper is of great importance for all the listed states. It is difficult to say exactly when this source of food and water appeared for the ancient peoples. However, even Herodotus in his treatises mentioned a river called "Borisfen" and its great importance for the population. Then he said that this is one of the most profitable rivers in the whole world. Much has been said about the high quality of the water. It was transparent and pleasant to the taste. A large number of fish living in the Dnieper contributed to the development of fishing villages.

Today, the length of the river is approximately 2,201 kilometers, it ranks third in length in Europe. The Dnieper is characterized by a slow and calm current. In fact, this is a typical flat river.

The Dnieper originates on the Valdai Upland, in the Smolensk region. It flows into the Black Sea, or to be more precise, into the Dnieper-Bug Estuary.

If you list all the rivers flowing through the territory of Russia, then the Dnieper is one of the most fertile, as it has more than 400 tributaries and a lot of fish. Catfish, pike perch, carp, perch, as well as about a hundred species of various birds, including plover, herbalist, swan, duck and many others, live here.

You can talk endlessly about how beautiful the Dnieper is during sunset or dawn, but it's better to see all this once, and it doesn't matter where you are - in Russia, Ukraine or Belarus.

Yenisei is the real pride of the country

There are whole legends about the origin of this river. But all stories are not supported by facts. It is unknown where the name came from. Someone says that from the Tungus peoples, from the word "Yenesi", which means " big water". Another part of the researchers and scientists is inclined to the Kyrgyz origin from the word "enee-sai" - "mother river". But one thing is for sure: this is a unique river. The fact is that camels live in the upper reaches of the Yenisei, and if you go downstream, you can most likely meet entire families of polar bears hunting on the banks. It is noteworthy that on the left bank of the river there are Siberian plains, and on the right bank the taiga begins. The Yenisei also has a certain influence on Arctic Ocean. The fact is that the Siberian rivers carry out a huge amount of heat, making the climate of the North less severe.

If we describe the large rivers of Russia, which take out significant volumes of water from their course, then the Yenisei is in the first place. Approximately 600 km 3 of water per year goes into this river, several times more than the flow of the Volga. The length of the reservoir is 3,487 km, so it rightfully ranks fifth in length in the Russian Federation. The Yenisei is very beautiful, especially in summer and winter, when it is covered with greenery or snow. Certainly there are others long rivers Russia, which we will now talk about.

Oka and Ural

As you have probably already noticed, the name of the largest rivers in Russia is sometimes not at all connected with the activities of Russian people in their native territory. Oka, for example, originates from the Finno-Ugric word "ioku", which means "river" in translation. Since ancient times, the Oka has been an important trade artery. After that it became a defensive line of the south of Russia. For our country, the river is of great importance, since all of central Russia lies on the banks of the Oka. The area of ​​its basin is a little over 240,000 km2. In fact, this is the same as the whole of the UK. The length of the river is 1,500 kilometers.

Although not the largest in Russia, it is of greater importance than the Nile for the Egyptians. There are several important nature reserves on the Oka. One of them is located in the central course - Prioksko-Terrasny, the second - Oksky State biosphere reserve- located in the Ryazan region.

Volga and Danube are the longest rivers in Europe. In third place is the Urals, which stretches for 2,428 kilometers. In ancient times, the river was called "Yaik", which means "flooding, overflowing" in Turkic. During the reign of Catherine II in 1775, the river was renamed the Ural, however, despite this, in Kazakhstan, most people use the former name.

As you can see, the name of the large rivers of Russia quite often has foreign origin. The peoples living on the territory of the country gave their names to the reservoirs.

The most surprising thing is that one coast of the Urals is located in Europe, and the second - in Asia. Today, along the course of the river, you can see many tourists and fishermen, but the shipping interest has practically disappeared, so it is difficult to call the Urals an important trade and transport artery of Russia.

Everyone should know

It is safe to say that it is necessary to remember the great rivers of Russia, because this is our history. For example, the Volga - one of the largest rivers in the world - enchants with its grandeur. Here you can meet amazing representatives of flora and fauna. If you love nature, then be sure to go to the Urals. To be more precise, then visit its part, located a little lower than Orsk.

The gorge of the Guberlinsky Mountains, as well as the Orsky Gate, has beautiful views. There are many geological and landscape monuments here, which, although not of great importance for the infrastructure of Russia, are of interest to travelers. It is in the Urals that many lovers of active fishing gather. Here you can see a lot of tourists traveling along the stream.

The largest river in all respects is located in Siberia, and this is the Ob. It is formed by the confluence of two currents, such as Katun and Bii. The length is often considered from the very source of the Irtysh, in this case the river stretches 5,410 kilometers. There are a large number of industrial bases on the Ob. This is due to the fact that more than fifty species of various aquatic inhabitants live in this reservoir. Approximately 25 species of fish are of industrial importance, so shipping is very well developed here.

However, not everything is as rosy as it seems at first glance. Ecology is a significant problem. The name of the rivers of Russia (we reviewed the list above) has long become something familiar to us, so it is important to consider that some water bodies are endangered.

Conclusion

So we considered the name of the rivers of Russia. The list turned out to be impressive, but, in fact, it is only a few percent of the total water resource of the state.

Very important issue which rises more and more every year is the ecological situation. A large number of dams and chemical plants on the banks of large rivers significantly worsen the living conditions of their inhabitants. As a result, fish production is reduced, water quality suffers.

I would like to note that for Russia, small rivers are no less important than such giants as the Lena, Volga, etc. The fact is that they form the tributaries of many large rivers. But, as practice shows, uncontrolled water intake from small sources leads to their narrowing, shallow water and even drying out. Today, irretrievable consumption is approximately 4% per year, and this is quite a lot. At this rate, in 12 years, approximately 50% of small rivers will be lost.

Slightly improve the situation can only be as follows: by reducing the amount of wastewater. But hardly anyone is going to deal with this issue. All that ordinary people can do is not to engage in illegal fishing and not pollute the water.

Small business also causes great damage to the rivers of the Russian Federation, but this is incomparable with the harm caused by the activities of hydroelectric power plants and nuclear power plants. We should not forget that many rivers are located on the territory of several states at once. But if the population, for example, of Belarus is not so numerous, especially on the banks of rivers, then in China, hundreds of millions of people live in the coastal zone, depleting the natural resource.

In any case, take care of nature, do not throw garbage into the rivers, as this adversely affects the quality of the water we drink. In the end, all this is reflected in our health.