Spelling of adverbs is combined separately through a hyphen. Integrated and separate writing of prefixes in adverbs: rules, examples

Continuous, separate and hyphenated spelling of adverbs is determined by the method of their formation.

Adverbs are written with a hyphen, If:

• have the prefix PO- and the suffixes -OMU, -EMU, -SKSH-TSKI, -I): in my opinion; (Exception: in Latin);
• have the prefix B-(VO-) and the suffixes -ИХ, -ИХ: firstly;
• have the prefix SOME- or suffixes -TO, -OR, -ANIBUD: someone, someone;
• they are formed by repeating words, basics; words related by association: quickly, quickly, crosswise, here and there.

Remember adverbs and adverbial expressions that are written with a hyphen:

just
after all
criss-cross
little by little
more or less
here and there
exactly the same
tête-à-tête
back and forth
this way
inside out
unexpectedly
I'll say hello from the bay

But: swarming with tears, crying with tears, burning with grief.

In adverbs with the prefix PO- the hyphen is written only once: in worker-peasant style (but: worker-peasant).

A combination of two nouns in I.p. and so on. and having an intensifying meaning, are written with a hyphen (previously written separately):

fool-fool
pig-pig
eccentric-eccentric
honor-honor
rank and file

Adverbs are written together, If:

• formed from the adverb (everywhere - everywhere);
• formed from a short adjective (long) and from a comparative degree (lower);
• formed from the collective numeral with the prefix V-, NA- (in two, in two);
• have the suffix -УУ (hard-boiled; exception: open, lateral, world, backward);
• formed from words that are not used in the modern Russian language (zaperti);
• preposition + numeral four; exception on -ИХ, -ИХ): for two;
• preposition + numeral with vowel: at the same time; exception (both).

Remember: The prepositions IS (IZ), TO, OT, IZ-UNDER + noun are written together: from time immemorial, by the way, to the ground, from birth, gradually, on the sly.

Exceptions: not in a hurry, not out of place.

Adverbs are written separately, educated:

• of two nouns with prepositions (side by side);
• using the preposition NA and a noun or adjective for a consonant: to backtrack);
• using the preposition B, WITHOUT and a noun that begins with a vowel (point-blank, without looking back).

Remember:

Adverbs formed using nouns and the following prepositions are written separately:

Continuous and separate writing of adverbs formed from the prepositions В, На and nouns

Test

1. Indicate in which rows all adverbs and adverbial expressions are written together.

• a) (c) later, (the other day), (c) secretly hope
• b) (on) the move, (like) a child, (c) clean
• c) from (either), (from) a swing, (c) a dash
• d) (c) catch up, (is) old, (one by) one

2. Indicate in which rows all words are written separately.

• a) (by) hearsay, (by) outcome, (by) force
• b) (c)on the fly, (under)hands, (in)discrimination
• c) (before) the drop, (from) outside, (in) the morning
• d) (abroad, (to) dump, (to) ready

3. Indicate in which rows all words are written with a hyphen.

• a) exactly (c) exactly, where (that), there (here)
• b) (in) German, (under) armpit, (c) sixth
• c) cross (crosswise), (in) two, somehow (no way)
• d) unexpectedly (unexpectedly), (secondly), (c) three

4. Indicate in which rows all adverbs have the suffix -A.

• a) tightly .., tightly .., dry ..
• b) again.., red-hot.., occasionally..
• c) for so .., for a long time .., again ..
• d) left.., easy.., so far..

5. Indicate in which case the explanation of the spelling is incorrect.

• a) (execute) differently- hyphenated spelling of adverbs with the prefix PO- and suffix -OMU
• b) satiated- the suffix is ​​written -A, because the prefix DO-
• V) without waking up- an adverbial expression formed from the preposition WITHOUT and a noun, always written separately
• G) from the side- adverbs formed from the preposition C and a noun are always written together

Keys to tests

SPELLING OF ADVERBS

Continuous writing of adverbs

1. Adverbs formed by combining a preposition-prefix with an adverb are written together, for example: completely, forever, the day after tomorrow.

Note: Separately written combinations of prepositions with unchangeable words used in these cases in the meaning of nouns should be distinguished from similar words. Wed: The next day the patient felt better e (felt when?, in the meaning of an adverb). – The meeting is scheduled for tomorrow(scheduled for what time? when?, in the meaning of a noun).

2. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions and prefixes are written together V And on with collective numbers, for example: twice, in two(But: two by two).

3. Adverbs formed by combining prepositional prefixes with short adjectives are written together, for example: to the left, for a long time, tightly, red-hot, for a long time, to the right, for a long time, in vain, nearby.

Note: Varies continuous writing some adverbs of this type and separate writing prepositional-nominal combinations. Wed: There are a lot of people here every day. - He doesn’t come here for many months.(presence of a controlled word).

4. Adverbs formed by combining prepositional prefixes with full adjectives and pronouns are written together, for example: close(come up) scattered(rush) manually(do), blindly(to roam), in the dark(play), outright(get fired) draw(play) with might and main(swing).

Note: Adverb openly written separately.

5. Adverbs that contain nouns or nominal forms that are not used in modern literary language are written together, for example: to the full, to pieces, locked up, at home, end-to-end, at random, by surprise, soft-boiled, on the sly, completely, familiarly, flush, from the inside, from under the brows, on the sly, outwards, to the ground, obliquely, down the drain, hastily, on guard, on an empty stomach, at random, on the alert, in reality, inadvertently, by chance, unbearably, inopportunely, to the ground, rightly so, at a distance, across, in half, in the afternoon, behind, outside, early in the morning, half asleep, childhood, too much.

6. Adverbs are written together if a definition (adjective, numeral, pronoun) cannot be inserted between the prefix-prefix and the noun from which the adverb is formed without changing the meaning, or if a case question cannot be posed to the noun, for example: in addition, ford, to the full, fly, together, in an instant, for rent, at a loss, again, on time, truly, around, after, at odds, in bend, up to, subsequently, half, half-jokingly or half-seriously, truly, rightly, for future use, at random, discordantly, at random, quickly, out loud, dry, in full, for nothing, married, at once, in a row, by the way, towards, bulging, bulging, right through, out, out, out, out, at attention, headlong, out of spite, by heart, at the ready, inside out, the day before, obviously, on the contrary, flatly, vying with each other, at the ready, vying with each other, intercepting, ostentatiously, half, finally, for example, for rent, all the way through, wide open, in a chant, along with, forcefully, at random, frankly, unbearably, partly, sideways, in a row, sometimes, desperately, involuntarily, one by one, at midnight, in the morning, on the side, on the shoulder, at once, right away, in a row.

Note 1: Many of these words, depending on the context (the presence of explanatory words) and meaning, act as a combination of a preposition with a noun and are written separately. Wed: ford – enter a ford; be really(In fact) happy - to believe in the truth; has the right to act this way - not to doubt the right to do so; break completely - put on the head; act in secret(secretly) – keep secret(in secret); learn by heart - give as a gift; to do out of spite - to complain about evil and injustice; speak at length(drawn out) – give the boots a stretch (cf.: re-stretch), lean to one side - turn on the side(cf.: on the right side), on the side of the bake - from side to side; live side by side - live side by side; stand to death - go to death; come back the next morning(in the morning) - postpone until morning; not to see from birth - thirty years of age; too much - more than three meters; contrary to other people's opinion - to get a cut on the arm.

Note 2: This group (partially the previous one, see above, paragraph 5) includes many adverbs of a professional nature and conversational style with attachment V- and final syllable -ku written together, for example: catching up, tightening, rolling, wrapping, wrapping, scurrying, waddling, waddling, overturning, racing, interspersed, mixed up, sideways, tucked in, nailed down, tucked in, squinted, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing in, squeezing in, tucked in, tucked in, tucked in , cover, biting, skipping, squeezing, hopping, squatting, squatting, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, sipping, crunching, squinting, scattering, scattered, waddled, waddled, unzipped, waddled, untwisted, unscrewed.

7. Adverbs with spatial and temporal meanings containing nouns are written together top, bottom, front, back, height, distance, depth, width, beginning, end, century. For example: up, up, up, up, up, up, down, down, down, below, forward, back, up, away, away, deep, wide, at first, first, completely, finally, forever, forever, forever, forever.

Note 1: Possibility of inserting a qualifying word (cf.: up - to the very top) does not entail their separate writing. These words are written separately only if there is an explanatory word for the specified nouns in the sentence itself or according to the meaning of the context, for example: to the bottom of the dress, into the depths of the ocean, into the foggy distance, at the beginning of autumn, forever and ever, forever and ever, repeat the lesson from the beginning(i.e. “from the beginning”, not “at first”). Wed: Science is studied from the beginning, friendship is cherished from the beginning(proverb). But: We need to start all over again(meaning “again, again, once again”).

Note 2. Many of the words given in this paragraph can be used as prepositions with a controlled noun, and in these cases the continuous spelling is preserved, for example: There was a light visible at the bottom of the door(i.e. the light came from under the door, and did not illuminate the bottom of the door). There was a date at the top of the letter.(the meaning of the adverbial preposition is perceived, and not the objective meaning of “top of the letter”). Wed. Also: to be at the top of bliss, to feel at the top of well-being(with a figurative meaning of the word above), stop in the middle of the road etc.

Separate writing of adverbial combinations

1. Adverbial expressions consisting of two repeated nouns with a preposition between them are written separately, for example: side by side, eye to eye(by analogy: one on one).

2. Adverbial expressions with an intensifying meaning are written separately, formed by a combination of two identical nouns, one of which is in the nominative case, the other in the instrumental, for example: business is business, honor is honor, eccentric is eccentric.

3. Combinations of nouns with prepositions used in adverbial meaning are written separately:

without , For example: without knowledge, without asking, without beating around the bush, without looking back, without refusal, without enlightenment, without waking up, indiscriminately, without asking, to no avail, without restraint, without ceasing, without tiredness;

V , For example: into the smoke, into the gloss, into the insole (drunk), into the selection, into the bargain, into the pool, into the old days, into the joint, into the dead end, into the dead end;

before , For example: to the bitter end, to the point of failure, to the point of failure, to death, to the point of falling;

behind , For example: after midnight;

on , For example: on the run, on the fly, in sight, on the fly, at a gallop, on the move; by weight, by sight, by taste, by eye, by eye, by sin, by wonder, by envy, by touch, by rarity, by glory, by laughter;

from , For example: at most(three kilograms, etc.);

By , For example: the old fashioned way;

under , For example: to match, to the bias, to the tips, to the noise;

With , For example : with the knowledge, with the knowledge, with a blunder, with a swoop, with a pantalyk(go astray) with a run, with acceleration, with a swing, on the move.

Same with prepositions V And on with plural nouns, for example: in the heads, in the legs, in days, in joys, in trots, in demolitions, on the clock(stand).

Preposition combinations that act separately as adverbs are written on with unchangeable parts of speech (particles, interjections): at random, not at all(negate) with a bang, with a bang.

4. Combinations of nouns with various prepositions used separately as adverbs are written separately if the noun in a certain meaning has retained at least some case forms, for example: in mockery, with mockery; abroad, abroad, from abroad(But: trade with foreign countries- from the noun abroad), at home, at home; on all fours, on all fours; squatting, squatting; on tiptoe, on tiptoe; on the heels, on the heels; on bail, on bail; from memory, from memory; on hand, not from hand; conscientiously, according to conscience; under the arm, under the arm, under the arm, under the arm, from under the arm(But: armpits); under a bushel, under a bushel.

The same if the noun is used in a figurative meaning, for example: shout out in your hearts(in anger), scold for the eyes(in absentia).

5. Adverb combinations consisting of a preposition are written separately V and nouns starting with a vowel, for example: in exchange, to the hilt, to the girth, point-blank, alone; Also: openly.

Hyphenated spelling of adverbs

1. Adverbs with a prefix are written with a hyphen By- formed from full adjectives and pronouns and ending in -mu, -him, -ki, -ni, -i, For example: work in a new way, let it be your way, advise in a friendly way, speak in French, be cunning like a fox; apparently no-empty, still and no-latin.

2. Adverbs with a prefix are written with a hyphen in- (in-), formed from ordinal numbers, for example: firstly, fourthly, seventhly, lastly(the last spelling is similar to the previous ones).

Parts of such formations as twenty-fifths, one-hundred-thirty-sevenths and so on.

3. Indefinite adverbs with particles are written with a hyphen -something, -something, -something, For example: sometime, from somewhere, somehow, somewhere, after all.

4. Adverbs formed by repetition of the same word or the same stem, as well as a combination of two synonymous or related words, are written with a hyphen, for example: barely, barely, after all, criss-cross, tightly, little by little, unexpectedly, not today or tomorrow, as soon as possible, from the bay, floundering, quietly, peacefully, at the very least.

5. A technical term is written with a hyphen. on-mountain.

We continue to explore the levels of the language system, based on . Let's turn to the most difficult spelling issues. Today we will talk about the spelling of adverbs.

Lesson 12. Spelling of adverbs formed from nouns. The letters Н and НН in suffixes of adverbs formed from adjectives and participles. Summary table of spelling of adverbs together, separately and with a hyphen

I. Adverbs formed from nouns with a preposition must be distinguished from the nouns themselves with a preposition and adverbial combinations. Use the table to distinguish them.

Exercise. Compare paired sentences with homonymous adverbs and a noun. What question from the verb will you put to the adverb? To a noun? Is it possible to add a case question to an adverb?

1. During a rockfall, small pebbles hail fell from the mountains. Crops were destroyed during a thunderstorm hail.
2. Alyosha keeps his thoughts in secret. Alyosha secretly likes Ole.

The task demonstrates that when you determine which part of speech is an adverb or a noun with a preposition without a dependent word, you need to consider that:

A) in a phrase from the main word, verb, to a dependent noun with a preposition, two questions can be asked - logical ( as where?) and grammatical, including a preposition. To an adverb, only the question of an adverb can be posed - it will be logical and grammatical at the same time;
b) a noun can be replaced by a synonymous or similar noun, and an adverb by an adverb.

For example:

1. (noun with preposition) Alyosha keeps his thoughts in secret. - Holds(How?, V how?) V secret; synonym - in secret.
2. (adverb) Alyosha secretly likes Ole. - Likes(how?, how?) secretly; synonym - secretly.

II. Adverbs ending in -O, were mainly formed in a suffixal way from adjectives and participles: beautiful (color) - (draw) beautifully, windy (person) - (act) windily, excited (child) - (answer) heaped.
In the suffix of such adverbs one letter N is written if they are formed from adjectives with one H, and NN is written if they are formed from adjectives and passive participles with NN, for example: in the wind n 1st person - act in the wind n oh puta n second answer - answer puta n oh, confused nn y answer - answer is confusing nn O.
Such adverbs -O in a sentence there are homophones of short passive participles or verbal adjectives of the neuter gender, where one or two letters N are written in the suffix.
Check - questions from the main word in a phrase to an adverb or participle. Adverbs answer questions how?, how?, which are placed mainly from the verb, and short participles and neuter adjectives answer the question what?, which comes from a noun. Compare:

1. The student answered(how?, how?) confusing. - Adverb formed from participle confused
2. The student answered(how?, how?) confused and confused. - Adverb, formed from a verbal adjective confused
3. My business(what?) confusing (how?) consequence. - Short Communion: there is a dependent word
4. My business(what?) difficult and confusing. - Brief verbal adjective: there are no dependent words and the producer of the action is not implied - a noun or pronoun in the instrumental case

III. The recommended manual examines in detail the morphology of the adverb and the spelling issues of this part of speech. Here we present a summary table of the spelling of adverbs together, separately and with a hyphen. For combined and separate writing of adverbs and adverbial combinations formed from nouns, see above.

Vowels A And O at the end of adverbs

Adverbs with prefixes in-, for-, on-, have a letter at the end O, and adverbs of the same origin with prefixes to-, from-, from- have a letter at the end A. For example: to the right, before dark, firmly; enough, occasionally, again.

Such adverbs are formed from adjectives in a prefix-suffix way, and they must be distinguished from adverbs that have the same prefixes, but formed in a suffix way: orally O(oral), verbatim O(verbatim), correct O(serviceable).

Adverbs of hissing

At the end of adverbs after sibilants it is written b.

For example: backhand, wide open, away. Exceptions: already, married, unbearable.

In total, there are 9 adverbs for this rule in the Russian language.: wide open, completely, completely, away, unbearably, backhanded, backwards, galloping, exactly. You can just learn these words. But if some new word with a hiss at the end is added, it will have to be written according to the given rule.

Not And neither in pronominal negative adverbs

In negative adverbs it is written under stress Not, without accent - neither, in both cases these are prefixes and they are written together: nowhere, nowhere, no place, nowhere, no time, never, nowhere, nowhere, no way, not at all, no matter, no reason (aimless); also not at all, not at all.

For example: once do trifles - never" did not bother with trifles; in summer not"where was playing - children nowhere" didn't play; not"where wait for news - not at all "yes" no news came. See also Using the particle NOT and Using the particle NI

Letters n and nn in adverbs

Continuous writing of adverbs

1. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with an adverb are written together, for example: completely, forever, through, the day before yesterday, from the outside, hardly, the day after tomorrow.

Note 1. Separately written combinations of prepositions with unchangeable words, used in these cases in the meaning of nouns, should be distinguished from such adverbs. Wed: For tomorrow the patient felt better (felt when?, in the meaning of the adverb). - The meeting is scheduled for tomorrow(scheduled for what time? when?, in the meaning of a noun).

2. Adverbs formed by combining the prepositions in and on with collective numerals are written together, for example: doubled, tripled, quadrupled, in two (but: in twos), in three (but: in threes, Also one by one).

3. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with short adjectives are written together, for example: to the left, for a long time, tightly, red-hot, for a long time, to the right, for a long time, in vain, nearby.

Note. There is a difference between the continuous spelling of some adverbs of this type and the separate spelling of prepositional-nominal combinations. Wed: To the people a lot happens here every day. - He doesn't come here a lot months (presence of a controlled word).

4. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with full adjectives and pronouns are written together, for example: close (to approach), scattered (to rush), manually (to do), blindly (to wander), in the dark (to play), outright (to be dismissed), to a draw (to play), with all might (to swing), recklessly, at random, probably for the first time.

Note. Adverbs of this type are written separately, composed of the preposition in and an adjective starting with a vowel, for example: in the open, in general.

5. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with nouns are written together, for example: forward, sideways, sometimes, in person, backwards, in starts, at random, in addition, on the contrary, involuntarily, soft-boiled, squatted.

Adverbs of this type include:

a) Words with different adverbial meanings, containing such nouns or such nominal forms that in modern literary language not used: close, in plenty, in pursuit, to pieces, on loan, in return, locked up, in starts, passionately, at random, at random, crookedly, for rent, inside, inside, personally, back home, waddle, racing, in front, alternately, mixed up, swimming, waddle, in a hurry, at a glance, half-hungry, at a loss, half-awake, waddle, by surprise, apart, seriously, at a gallop, casually, soft-boiled, old-fashioned, on the sly, in a hurry, at exorbitant prices, alien, completely, married (from the old form of wine. fall.), familiar, from within, from time immemorial , confession, from under the brows, on the sly, from time immemorial, ucnolu, from time immemorial, askew, in defiance, backwards, bitterly, topsy-turvy, backwards, to the ground, by heart, obliquely, obliquely, at random, backhand, race, in defiance, contrary, contrary, on the spot, straight, in great demand , out, out of the blue, wide open, on guard, on an empty stomach, at random, on the run, on the alert, in reality, unknowingly, by chance, unbearably, at random, to the ground, rightly so, behind, by hearsay, at a distance, across, in half, in the afternoon, foolishly, behind, outside, early , sleepy, sleepy, too much, etc..

b) Words with different adverbial meanings, if between the preposition (prefix) and the noun from which the adverb is formed, a defining adjective, pronoun, numeral cannot be inserted without changing the meaning, or if a case question cannot be posed to the noun: in addition, wade, fly in, to your heart's content, to your heart's content (eat), puff (smoke), completely (to be exhausted), together, instantly, saddle (wear a coat), at a loss, again, truly, around, after, at odds, at the bend, right up, just in time (suit), on time (to arrive), subsequently, half, really, has the right (to do so), for future use, at random, at random, at random, at odds, at random, at stretch, hardly, quickly, out loud, dry, secretly, openly, for nothing, married, at once, in a row, by the way, on one side (put on a hat), towards, protruded, right through, out, out, out, out, out, at attention, head on (break), out of spite, by heart (learn), inside out, the day before, finally, on the contrary, flatly, vying with each other, at the ready, half, vying with each other, intercepting, ostentatiously, finally, for example, for hire, all the way through, right through, wide open, chanting, along with, forcefully, to the death (stand; but: not for life, but for death), at random, in the morning (return), frankly, unbearably, sideways (to live), from time to time, partly, sideways, in a row, sometimes, involuntarily, one by one, in the morning, sideways, too, shoulder-to-shoulder (cut), at once, from time to time, in a row.

Note 1. Many of these words, depending on the context (the presence of explanatory words) and meaning, act as a combination of a preposition with a noun and are written separately. Wed: wade - enter a ford; to be truly (really) happy - to believe in the truth; has the right to act this way - not to doubt the right to do so; break completely - put on the head; act secretly (secretly) - keep secret (secret); learn by heart - give as a gift; to do out of spite - to complain about evil and injustice; speak stretched (stretching out words) - give the boots to stretch (cf.: in a repeated stretch), lean to one side - turn on the side (cf.: on the right side), sideways - from side to side; live side by side - live side by side; stand to death - go to death; return the next morning (in the morning) - move to the morning; not to see from birth - thirty years old; too much - more than three meters; contrary to someone else's opinion - getting into a cut on the arm.

c) Words with spatial and temporal meaning, containing the nouns top, bottom, before, back, height, distance, century, beginning, despite the possibility of placing a defining word in front of some of them: up, up, up, to the top, up, above; down, below, down, to the bottom, below; forward, ahead; back; up; into the distance, away, from a distance; forever, forever, forever, forever, forever; at first, at first; but in the presence of explanatory words to the corresponding nouns specified words are written separately, for example: to the top of the mountain, to the heights of heaven, to the distance of the steppes, to the blue distance, forever and ever, forever and ever, at the beginning of life, from the beginning of the school year.

Note 1. The possibility of inserting a defining word (cf.: up - to the very top) does not indicate their separate spelling. These words are written separately only if there is an explanatory word for the specified nouns in the sentence itself or according to the meaning of the context, for example: to the bottom of the dress, into the depths of the ocean, into the foggy distance, at the beginning of autumn, forever and ever, forever and ever, repeat the lesson from the beginning (i.e. “from the beginning”, not “from the beginning”). Wed: Science is studied from the beginning, friendship is cherished from the beginning(proverb). But: We need to start all over again(meaning “again, again, once again”).

Note 2. Many of the words given in this paragraph can be used as prepositions with a controlled noun, and in these cases the continuous spelling is preserved, for example: There was a light visible at the bottom of the door(i.e. the light came from under the door, and did not illuminate the bottom of the door). There was a date at the top of the letter.(the meaning of the adverbial preposition is perceived, and not the objective meaning of “top of the letter”). Wed. Also: to be at the top of bliss, to feel at the top of well-being(with a figurative meaning of the word above), stop in the middle of the road, etc.

6. Many adverbs are written together professional nature and colloquial style with the prefix v- and the final syllable -ku, for example: catching up, tightening, rolling, wrapping, wrapping, scurrying, waddling, waddling, overturning, racing, interspersed, mixed up, sideways, tucked in, nailed down, tucked in, squinted, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing in, squeezing in, tucked in, tucked in, tucked in , cover, biting, skipping, squeezing, skipping, squatting, squatting, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, sipping, crunching, squinting, squatting, scattering, waddling, swaying, squeezing, swaying, spinning, squeezing.

Written separately: in ridicule, in installments; Also a curiosity(other education) and different combinations, in which the noun begins with a vowel (tight, etc.).

Hyphenated spelling of adverbs

1. Adverbs with a prefix ending in -oo, -emu, -ki, -ni, -i are written with a hyphen, for example: work in a new way, let it be your way, advise in a friendly way, speak French, to be cunning like a fox; apparently in an empty way, as before, and also in Latin.

Note 1. The prefix is ​​written together if the adverb includes a short adjective on y (for a long time, little by little), with the suffix -enku, -onku (little by little, little by little) or comparative(more, more often).

Note 2. In adverbs with the prefix po-, formed from complex adjectives with hyphenated spelling, a hyphen is written only after the prefix, for example: in a social democratic way, in a non-commissioned officer way.

Try not to confuse an adverb and an adjective. Compare: dressed for autumn. By autumn ice walking is dangerous.

2. Adverbs in -ih, -ih with the prefix v- (vo-), formed from ordinal numbers, are written with a hyphen, for example : firstly, fourthly, seventhly, lastly(the last spelling is similar to the previous ones).

3. Indefinite adverbs with particles -that, -either, -something, -are written with a hyphen, for example: sometime, from somewhere, somehow, somewhere, after all.

4. Adverbs formed by repetition of the same word or the same stem, as well as a combination of two synonymous or related words are written with a hyphen.

Here are the most full list of these words:

inside out,full,light-light,dearly,willy-nilly,very very,just,at the very least,more or less,a long time ago,exactly the same,barely,barely,criss-cross,I'll say hello,after all,a little,tightly,little by little,not today, tomorrow,sewn-covered,from the bay,quietly and quietly

5. A technical term is written with a hyphen. on-mountain.

Separate writing of adverbial combinations

1. Adverbial expressions consisting of two repeated nouns with a preposition between them are written separately: side by side, eye to eye(by analogy: one on one).

2. Adverb expressions with an intensifying meaning, formed by a combination of two identical nouns, of which one is in nominative case, the other is in the instrumental, for example: business is business, honor is honor, eccentric is eccentric.

3. Combinations of nouns with prepositions used in adverbial meanings are written separately:

• without: without knowledge, without asking, without beating around the bush, without looking back, without refusal, without enlightenment, without waking up, indiscriminately, without asking, to no avail, without restraint, without silence, without fatigue;
• V: into the smoke, into the gloss, into the insole (drunk), into the selection, into the bargain, into the pool, into the old days, into the joint, into the dead end, into the dead end;
• before: to the bitter end, to the point of failure, to the point of failure, to death, to the point of falling;
• behind: after midnight;
• on the: on the run, on the fly, in sight, on the fly, at a gallop, on the move; by weight, by sight, by taste, by eye, by eye, by sin, by wonder, by envy, by touch, by rarity, by glory, by laughter;
• from: from strength (three kilograms, etc.);
• By: the old fashioned way;
• under: to match, to the bias, to the tips, to the noise;
• With: with the knowledge, with the wind, with a swoop, with a swoop, with a pantalyk (go astray), with a running start, with acceleration, with a swing, on the move.

Adverbial combinations of the prepositions in and on with the nouns in are also written. plural, indicating location, time, state (physical and mental): in the heads, in the legs, in days, in joys, in trots, in demolitions, on the clock (to stand).

Combinations of the preposition on with unchangeable parts of speech (particles, interjections) are written separately if they act as adverbs: at random, to no (reduce to nothing), to hurray, to fufu.

4. Adverb combinations consisting of the preposition v and nouns starting with a vowel are written separately: in exchange, to the hilt, to the girth, point-blank, alone, openly.

5. Combinations of nouns with various prepositions used separately as adverbs are written separately if the noun in a certain meaning has retained at least some case forms.

For example: in mockery, with mockery; abroad, abroad, from abroad (but: trade with abroad - from the noun abroad), to home, at home; on all fours, on all fours; squatting, squatting; on tiptoe, on tiptoe; on the heels, on the heels; on bail, on bail; from memory, from memory; on hand, not from hand; conscientiously, according to conscience; under the armpit, under the armpit, under the armpits, under the armpits, from under the armpits (but: armpits); under a bushel, under a bushel.

The same if the noun is used in a figurative meaning, for example: scream in your hearts (in anger), scold behind your eyes (in absentia).

6. Combinations of negations not and nor with prepositional forms of nouns are written separately, for example : not in moderation, not to the credit, beyond strength, not to taste, not good, not for an iota, not for a penny, not in a hurry.

In cases of difficulties in spelling adverbs formed by combining a preposition with nouns, you should consult a spelling dictionary.

In the “Spelling by Rules” course you will find interactive exercises on spelling adverbs. >>>

Vowels A And O at the end of adverbs

Adverbs with prefixes in-, for-, on-, have a letter at the end O, and adverbs of the same origin with prefixes to-, from-, from- have a letter at the end A. For example: to the right, before dark, firmly; enough, occasionally, again.

Such adverbs are formed from adjectives in a prefix-suffix way, and they must be distinguished from adverbs that have the same prefixes, but formed in a suffix way: orally O(oral), verbatim O(verbatim), correct O(serviceable).

Adverbs of hissing

At the end of adverbs after sibilants it is written b.

For example: backhand, wide open, away. Exceptions: already, married, unbearable.

In total, there are 9 adverbs for this rule in the Russian language.: wide open, completely, completely, away, unbearably, backhanded, backwards, galloping, exactly. You can just learn these words. But if some new word with a hiss at the end is added, it will have to be written according to the given rule.

Not And neither in pronominal negative adverbs

In negative adverbs it is written under stress Not, without accent - neither, in both cases these are prefixes and they are written together: nowhere, nowhere, no place, nowhere, no time, never, nowhere, nowhere, no way, not at all, no matter, no reason (aimless); also not at all, not at all.

For example: once do trifles - never" did not bother with trifles; in summer not"where was playing - children nowhere" didn't play; not"where wait for news - not at all "yes" no news came. See also Using the particle NOT and Using the particle NI

Letters n and nn in adverbs

Continuous writing of adverbs

1. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with an adverb are written together, for example: completely, forever, through, the day before yesterday, from the outside, hardly, the day after tomorrow.

Note 1. Separately written combinations of prepositions with unchangeable words, used in these cases in the meaning of nouns, should be distinguished from such adverbs. Wed: For tomorrow the patient felt better (felt when?, in the meaning of the adverb). - The meeting is scheduled for tomorrow(scheduled for what time? when?, in the meaning of a noun).

2. Adverbs formed by combining the prepositions in and on with collective numerals are written together, for example: doubled, tripled, quadrupled, in two (but: in twos), in three (but: in threes, Also one by one).

3. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with short adjectives are written together, for example: to the left, for a long time, tightly, red-hot, for a long time, to the right, for a long time, in vain, nearby.

Note. There is a difference between the continuous spelling of some adverbs of this type and the separate spelling of prepositional-nominal combinations. Wed: To the people a lot happens here every day. - He doesn't come here a lot months (presence of a controlled word).

4. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with full adjectives and pronouns are written together, for example: close (to approach), scattered (to rush), manually (to do), blindly (to wander), in the dark (to play), outright (to be dismissed), to a draw (to play), with all might (to swing), recklessly, at random, probably for the first time.

Note. Adverbs of this type are written separately, composed of the preposition in and an adjective starting with a vowel, for example: in the open, in general.

5. Adverbs formed by combining prepositions with nouns are written together, for example: forward, sideways, sometimes, in person, backwards, in starts, at random, in addition, on the contrary, involuntarily, soft-boiled, squatted.

Adverbs of this type include:

a) Words with different adverbial meanings, containing such nouns or such nominal forms that are not used in modern literary language: close, in plenty, in pursuit, to pieces, on loan, in return, locked up, in starts, passionately, at random, at random, crookedly, for rent, inside, inside, personally, back home, waddle, racing, in front, alternately, mixed up, swimming, waddle, in a hurry, at a glance, half-hungry, at a loss, half-awake, waddle, by surprise, apart, seriously, at a gallop, casually, soft-boiled, old-fashioned, on the sly, in a hurry, at exorbitant prices, alien, completely, married (from the old form of wine. fall.), familiar, from within, from time immemorial , confession, from under the brows, on the sly, from time immemorial, ucnolu, from time immemorial, askew, in defiance, backwards, bitterly, topsy-turvy, backwards, to the ground, by heart, obliquely, obliquely, at random, backhand, race, in defiance, contrary, contrary, on the spot, straight, in great demand , out, out of the blue, wide open, on guard, on an empty stomach, at random, on the run, on the alert, in reality, unknowingly, by chance, unbearably, at random, to the ground, rightly so, behind, by hearsay, at a distance, across, in half, in the afternoon, foolishly, behind, outside, early , sleepy, sleepy, too much, etc..

b) Words with different adverbial meanings, if between the preposition (prefix) and the noun from which the adverb is formed, a defining adjective, pronoun, numeral cannot be inserted without changing the meaning, or if a case question cannot be posed to the noun: in addition, wade, fly in, to your heart's content, to your heart's content (eat), puff (smoke), completely (to be exhausted), together, instantly, saddle (wear a coat), at a loss, again, truly, around, after, at odds, at the bend, right up, just in time (suit), on time (to arrive), subsequently, half, really, has the right (to do so), for future use, at random, at random, at random, at odds, at random, at stretch, hardly, quickly, out loud, dry, secretly, openly, for nothing, married, at once, in a row, by the way, on one side (put on a hat), towards, protruded, right through, out, out, out, out, out, at attention, head on (break), out of spite, by heart (learn), inside out, the day before, finally, on the contrary, flatly, vying with each other, at the ready, half, vying with each other, intercepting, ostentatiously, finally, for example, for hire, all the way through, right through, wide open, chanting, along with, forcefully, to the death (stand; but: not for life, but for death), at random, in the morning (return), frankly, unbearably, sideways (to live), from time to time, partly, sideways, in a row, sometimes, involuntarily, one by one, in the morning, sideways, too, shoulder-to-shoulder (cut), at once, from time to time, in a row.

Note 1. Many of these words, depending on the context (the presence of explanatory words) and meaning, act as a combination of a preposition with a noun and are written separately. Wed: wade - enter a ford; to be truly (really) happy - to believe in the truth; has the right to act this way - not to doubt the right to do so; break completely - put on the head; act secretly (secretly) - keep secret (secret); learn by heart - give as a gift; to do out of spite - to complain about evil and injustice; speak stretched (stretching out words) - give the boots to stretch (cf.: in a repeated stretch), lean to one side - turn on the side (cf.: on the right side), sideways - from side to side; live side by side - live side by side; stand to death - go to death; return the next morning (in the morning) - move to the morning; not to see from birth - thirty years old; too much - more than three meters; contrary to someone else's opinion - getting into a cut on the arm.

c) Words with spatial and temporal meaning, containing the nouns top, bottom, before, back, height, distance, century, beginning, despite the possibility of placing a defining word in front of some of them: up, up, up, to the top, up, above; down, below, down, to the bottom, below; forward, ahead; back; up; into the distance, away, from a distance; forever, forever, forever, forever, forever; at first, at first; but if there are explanatory words for the corresponding nouns, the specified words are written separately, for example: to the top of the mountain, to the heights of heaven, to the distance of the steppes, to the blue distance, forever and ever, at the beginning of life, from the beginning of the school year.

Note 1. The possibility of inserting a defining word (cf.: up - to the very top) does not indicate their separate spelling. These words are written separately only if there is an explanatory word for the specified nouns in the sentence itself or according to the meaning of the context, for example: to the bottom of the dress, into the depths of the ocean, into the foggy distance, at the beginning of autumn, forever and ever, forever and ever, repeat the lesson from the beginning (i.e. “from the beginning”, not “from the beginning”). Wed: Science is studied from the beginning, friendship is cherished from the beginning(proverb). But: We need to start all over again(meaning “again, again, once again”).

Note 2. Many of the words given in this paragraph can be used as prepositions with a controlled noun, and in these cases the continuous spelling is preserved, for example: There was a light visible at the bottom of the door(i.e. the light came from under the door, and did not illuminate the bottom of the door). There was a date at the top of the letter.(the meaning of the adverbial preposition is perceived, and not the objective meaning of “top of the letter”). Wed. Also: to be at the top of bliss, to feel at the top of well-being(with a figurative meaning of the word above), stop in the middle of the road, etc.

6. Many adverbs of a professional nature and colloquial style with the prefix v- and the final syllable -ku are written together, for example: catching up, tightening, rolling, wrapping, wrapping, scurrying, waddling, waddling, overturning, racing, interspersed, mixed up, sideways, tucked in, nailed down, tucked in, squinted, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing in, squeezing in, tucked in, tucked in, tucked in , cover, biting, skipping, squeezing, skipping, squatting, squatting, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, squeezing, sipping, crunching, squinting, squatting, scattering, waddling, swaying, squeezing, swaying, spinning, squeezing.

Written separately: in ridicule, in installments; Also a curiosity(of another formation) and various combinations in which the noun begins with a vowel (tight, etc.).

Hyphenated spelling of adverbs

1. Adverbs with a prefix ending in -oo, -emu, -ki, -ni, -i are written with a hyphen, for example: work in a new way, let it be your way, advise in a friendly way, speak French, to be cunning like a fox; apparently in an empty way, as before, and also in Latin.

Note 1. The prefix is ​​written together if the adverb includes a short adjective on y (for a long time, little by little), with the suffix -enku, -onku (little by little, little by little) or a comparative degree (more, more often).

Note 2. In adverbs with the prefix po-, formed from complex adjectives with a hyphen, the hyphen is written only after the prefix, for example: in social democratic, non-commissioned officer.

Try not to confuse an adverb and an adjective. Compare: dressed for autumn. Walking on autumn ice is dangerous.

2. Adverbs in -ih, -ih with the prefix v- (vo-), formed from ordinal numbers, are written with a hyphen, for example : firstly, fourthly, seventhly, lastly(the last spelling is similar to the previous ones).

3. Indefinite adverbs with particles -that, -either, -something, -are written with a hyphen, for example: sometime, from somewhere, somehow, somewhere, after all.

4. Adverbs formed by repetition of the same word or the same stem, as well as a combination of two synonymous or related words are written with a hyphen.

Here is the most complete list of these words:

inside out,full,light-light,dearly,willy-nilly,very very,just,at the very least,more or less,a long time ago,exactly the same,barely,barely,criss-cross,I'll say hello,after all,a little,tightly,little by little,not today, tomorrow,sewn-covered,from the bay,quietly and quietly

5. A technical term is written with a hyphen. on-mountain.

Separate writing of adverbial combinations

1. Adverbial expressions consisting of two repeated nouns with a preposition between them are written separately: side by side, eye to eye(by analogy: one on one).

2. Adverb expressions with an intensifying meaning, formed by a combination of two identical nouns, of which one is in the nominative case, the other in the instrumental, are written separately, for example: business is business, honor is honor, eccentric is eccentric.

3. Combinations of nouns with prepositions used in adverbial meanings are written separately:

• without: without knowledge, without asking, without beating around the bush, without looking back, without refusal, without enlightenment, without waking up, indiscriminately, without asking, to no avail, without restraint, without silence, without fatigue;
• V: into the smoke, into the gloss, into the insole (drunk), into the selection, into the bargain, into the pool, into the old days, into the joint, into the dead end, into the dead end;
• before: to the bitter end, to the point of failure, to the point of failure, to death, to the point of falling;
• behind: after midnight;
• on the: on the run, on the fly, in sight, on the fly, at a gallop, on the move; by weight, by sight, by taste, by eye, by eye, by sin, by wonder, by envy, by touch, by rarity, by glory, by laughter;
• from: from strength (three kilograms, etc.);
• By: the old fashioned way;
• under: to match, to the bias, to the tips, to the noise;
• With: with the knowledge, with the wind, with a swoop, with a swoop, with a pantalyk (go astray), with a running start, with acceleration, with a swing, on the move.

Adverbial combinations of prepositions in and on with plural nouns are also written, denoting location, time, state (physical and mental): in the heads, in the legs, in days, in joys, in trots, in demolitions, on the clock (to stand).

Combinations of the preposition on with unchangeable parts of speech (particles, interjections) are written separately if they act as adverbs: at random, to no (reduce to nothing), to hurray, to fufu.

4. Adverb combinations consisting of the preposition v and nouns starting with a vowel are written separately: in exchange, to the hilt, to the girth, point-blank, alone, openly.

5. Combinations of nouns with various prepositions used separately as adverbs are written separately if the noun in a certain meaning has retained at least some case forms.

For example: in mockery, with mockery; abroad, abroad, from abroad (but: trade with abroad - from the noun abroad), to home, at home; on all fours, on all fours; squatting, squatting; on tiptoe, on tiptoe; on the heels, on the heels; on bail, on bail; from memory, from memory; on hand, not from hand; conscientiously, according to conscience; under the armpit, under the armpit, under the armpits, under the armpits, from under the armpits (but: armpits); under a bushel, under a bushel.

The same if the noun is used in a figurative meaning, for example: scream in your hearts (in anger), scold behind your eyes (in absentia).

6. Combinations of negations not and nor with prepositional forms of nouns are written separately, for example : not in moderation, not to the credit, beyond strength, not to taste, not good, not for an iota, not for a penny, not in a hurry.

In cases of difficulties in spelling adverbs formed by combining a preposition with nouns, you should consult a spelling dictionary.

In the “Spelling by Rules” course you will find interactive exercises on spelling adverbs. >>>