Landfills for solid household waste. Utilization and removal of municipal solid waste. Pyrolysis - high temperature decomposition

Due to the fact that the country's population is growing, the demand for consumer resources is also increasing. And as a result, an increase in resource consumption also increases the amount of household waste.

Garbage dumps are expanding every year and occupy all large area, reservoirs are polluted due to wastewater, which carries a lot of infections and elements hazardous to nature. Therefore, the disposal of household waste, in our time, should be developed no less than industry, so that the resulting MSW (waste) cannot accumulate and pollute the soil, atmosphere and water.

It is quite a logical fact that without the timely introduction of innovative technologies for recycling waste, the planet will soon turn into a huge dump and become unsuitable for the existence of not only people, but all living beings.

To avoid such a result, scientists in many countries have long been looking for the best ways to deal with waste, thanks to which it would be possible to destroy or recycle solid waste without harm to the environment, as well as rid the territorial space of huge amounts of garbage.

To date, the disposal of municipal solid waste is carried out by the following well-known methods that allow you to get rid of garbage:

• Burial or temporary storage of waste at special landfills. Here sorting and unsuitable materials are carried out, covered with earth.
• Composting. Natural decomposition of biological substances, their processing into mineral fertilizers for soil and planting crops.
• Thermal treatment of MSW. This method allows you to burn almost any type of waste, which minimizes their volume as much as possible, and also provides an economic benefit in the form of thermal energy.
• Low and high temperature pyrolysis.

Methods of disposal of solid waste

MSW landfill

Disposal of solid waste by landfill is one of the most common ways today to get rid of garbage. But this method is common only among non-combustible waste, as well as among such substances that can release toxic elements during combustion.

The landfill for solid waste disposal is an unusual landfill, it is equipped with all modern engineering facilities that allow systems to combat and groundwater isolate all harmful substances. This also applies to the atmosphere, that is, there are practically no leaks of any chemical and toxic elements, which is the main goal to ensure the safety of the country's ecology.

But there are also disadvantages in such methods, for example, the formation of gas during the decay of garbage. Some are equipped with special equipment for pumping gas, which, as it is worth noting, is later used to generate electricity. And it allows almost autonomous operation of equipment located at landfills. But unfortunately, so far, in Russia, only a small part of all such landfills are equipped with such equipment, while all other waste sites do not have the ability to deal with gas emissions.

But even taking into account the presence of such installations, the ecology remains not protected from the effect of the decomposition of garbage in the soil, and all the secretions in the process of decay and fermentation. Since the buried material will completely disappear only after tens or even hundreds of years. Therefore, despite the relative cheapness of this method of dealing with waste, for the environment the best option there is a complete disposal of garbage, through its processing and use in the manufacture of any product. In this case, the risk of environmental pollution will be minimized.

MSW composting

Disposal of household waste through composting is a technology that allows, therefore, MSW through natural biological decomposition. The main source of composting is organic substances and materials, this method is applied to them very actively. Composting provides not only the opportunity to get rid of bulk substances that pollute the environment, but also supplies agriculture with fertilizers that are useful for the soil, allowing you to normalize the balance of minerals in the earth and grow various vegetables and crops.

But since this method does not allow the processing of most types of waste, requires a careful sorting process and takes quite a long time, it has not gained popularity in the country and is not developed at the proper level. In Russia, there is not a single industrial enterprise that carried out composting in such volumes and made it possible to clean at least one city from organic waste.

• in small farms;
• in garden plots;
• in private houses;
• in agricultural organizations;
• on livestock farms, etc.

However, this method does not require large expenses, although it does not cover all types and classes of waste material, but it allows you to fully get rid of a huge part of the waste produced by the country, which occupies a third of all waste in the country. Establish a centralized process and carry out composting at special sites equipped with all the necessary buildings and structures. Build original factories, to start in big cities countries, for the processing of solid waste and other organic waste. The end product, compost, will be very useful in many ways. agriculture, and, most importantly, its cost will reduce the cost of growing many crops and provide funds for the operation of such plants.

Thermal processing of MSW

With the help of heat treatment, the disposal of household waste allows you to get rid of organic fractions, this method is quite often used in large-scale waste generation. Thermal, represents several processes that together make it possible to get rid of any non-toxic type of waste material or to minimize them as much as possible in volume and mass. Also, heat treatment is carried out to neutralize devices, equipment and other things infected with infectious or epidemiological bacteria that may have the following origin:

• medical institutions;
• laboratories;
• veterinary clinics;
• chemical enterprises;
• oil refining industry;

which in the future, having received an inert state, can be buried in special landfills or placed in temporary storage, for further processing and reuse as raw material.

Important advantages of heat treatment or recycling are modern methods allowing you to get:

• effective decontamination or neutralization of any waste material;
• complete destruction of any microflora and even pathogenic;
• reduction of scrap in volume up to 10 times;
• use the energy potential of organic waste.

Incineration has many advantages over other methods, it is worth highlighting the main ones, these are:

• high level of testing technologies;
• stably produced equipment and long service life;
• high technological process performed automatically;

but the main thing is that Lately, factories or organizations involved in waste incineration receive thermal energy or electricity that can be used for autonomous operation of the enterprise. In some cases, the surplus of such energy is diverted to urban stations, which ultimately allows entire areas to be supplied with electricity or heat them.

Plasma processing of MSW

Not as developed as the above methods and ways of getting rid of scrap, but a very promising technological process that allows you to solve everything ecological problems, utilize and ultimately provide energy that is useful and necessary for society.

The plasma processing technology uses a melting point much higher than any slag melting furnace. Thus, the output is a vitrified product, absolutely harmless and, most importantly, does not require further costs for neutralization or special disposal.

Plasma processing is a waste gasification technology, the scheme of this method makes it possible to obtain gas from the biological components of waste. The resulting gas is then used to generate electricity or steam. The main material for plasma processing is MSW in the form of slag or neutralized residues.

The main advantage of high-temperature pyrolysis is the ability to get rid of waste in an environmentally friendly way, at no extra cost:

• for preliminary preparation;
• for sorting;
• for drying, etc.

These qualities allow thermal processing by right be considered the most environmentally and economically beneficial technology for the disposal of solid waste.

All these methods are designed to solve.

Also watch the video - how the waste recycling plant works

Landfill is the isolation of household or industrial waste(most often radiation or toxic) by placing them in the mountain bowels of the Earth or the deep sea.

According to rough estimates, the said world stock of recycled material reaches 1,200 billion tons, while more than a third of the total is solid waste.

An industry such as mining provides vast areas in which waste can be buried. Mining companies annually process more than 30 billion tons of hard rock, of which only 60% goes to tailings after primary processing of ore. About 45-65% of MSW is used to fill voids in developed quarries, dips or cracks. 1% goes to bookmark the dug space. And more than 5% of the annual salvage is buried in the sea abyss.

The area of ​​land allocated for waste disposal has long approached 1 million hectares.

Therefore, the use of worked out mountainous space for such purposes is a promising technology.

Landfills for storage of MSW and other hazard classes

In addition to the sea subsoil and mountain spaces, the most common method in Russia is burial at special landfills, they are protected structures, the purpose of which is:

• disposal of collected waste;
• site for the neutralization of hazardous (infectious and toxic) types of waste;
• temporary storage of non-utilized materials;

each region of the country has its own landfill, the size and area, which depends on the number industrial enterprises on the territory of the city and the number of population, as well as other economic indicators. It should be designed for the amount of garbage that the city produces annually. excessive big sizes, this is not rationally used territory.

• relating to 1 - 4 hazard classes;
• inert;

although it is not always easy to draw a line between, for example, inert and dangerous, since the former, as a result of any changes in the composition or decay process, can produce just the same dangerous elements, such as methane gas.

IN Russian Federation, certain standards apply, according to which, waste disposal should be carried out at landfills that have the following facilities on their territory:

• A workshop for the initial processing or neutralization of waste materials in order to reduce their level of danger, as well as to reduce the volume of the object to be buried.
• A specially designated area, determined by the standards, for deep burial.
• Garage, with all the necessary vehicle units, for loading, transporting and delivering the collected garbage to the storage site.

Creating polygons

When organizing sites for waste disposal, leading role have:

• the right choice of territory for the organization of the site;
• suitable area for the construction of buildings;
• availability of all necessary engineering structures and structures;
• a certain order, filling the site with waste;
• depth, pre-treated scrap;
• environmental monitoring, absence of large or rare populations of animals or birds nearby;
• control over the formation of gas, as well as the possibility of its collection and transportation if necessary;
• timely collection or removal of leachate,

Also, do not forget that before burial it is required to track all activities in relation to them, starting with education.

Modern requirements for the preparation of such places require compliance with all sanitary and epidemiological requirements, according to which the site must be equipped with the following facilities:

• a base made of compacted material, in which the walls are combined from mineral and artificial materials;
• sufficiently wide passages;
• to collect seeped water from sewage treatment channels;
• for the collection and transportation of methane gas released during waste disposal;
• structures for landscape cleaning of lands, with the help of reclamation.

There are also underground types of places for burial, these are:

• abandoned mines;
• wells;
• formed voids;
• old and no longer usable oil fields;

and other worked-out voids, which are intended for the disposal of radioactive, toxic and other types of such a hazard class.

Do you know that in the suburbs there is a landfill built according to European standards

Neutralization of the leachate from solid waste landfills

Storing municipal solid waste (MSW) at landfills is the most common, simple and cheap method of waste management, however, despite the implementation of technical measures to prevent pollution atmospheric air, soils, hydrospheres at present, landfills remain environmentally hazardous enterprises.

So, as a result of the processes of anaerobic decomposition of MSW in the body of the landfill, the penetration of atmospheric precipitation into the body of the landfill, a filtrate is formed, which is a brown-brown liquid with a mixed smell of aromatic hydrocarbons, ammonia, putrefactive compounds, etc.

The composition and amount of the leachate depends on the composition of MSW, and it, in turn, on the diet of the population and the availability of household services, the climatic zone and the season of the year, etc. For a large landfill in the Moscow region, the average amount of leachate is from 300 to 800 cubic meters / day

The average indicators of the filtrate of the Moscow region landfills of solid waste "Dmitrovsky", "Khmetyevo", "Timokhovo" are given in Table. 1. High toxicity of the filtrate makes necessary to create for its neutralization of treatment facilities. The purification process is significantly complicated by the fact that the initial composition of the filtrate is not stable and undergoes significant changes during storage in storage ponds.

Under the influence of anaerobic microorganisms, denitrification processes take place in the body of the landfill, as a result of which compounds containing reduced nitrogen, ammonia and amine derivatives are formed. These compounds, as a rule, are surfactants and, in addition, 453 have a high chemisorption capacity, binding heavy metals with variable valence into complexes. Such complexes are stable and are not destroyed, for example, by biological methods. The above characteristics indicate the specific composition of the filtrate and the content of a large amount of heavy metals and other contaminants in it. Filtrate indicators such as BOD5 (exceeds 1000 mg O2/l) and COD (exceeds 5000 mg O2/l) indicate a significant content organic compounds, which virtually eliminates the possibility of untreated leachate discharge onto the terrain or into reservoirs for fishery purposes. The total toxicity of the filtrate, determined by the method of biotesting using a cellular test object, exceeds the normative value by thousands of times. The content of heavy metals is 454 orders of magnitude higher than discharge standards: cadmium, zinc, lead, manganese, chromium, arsenic and a number of other metals. At present, none of the filtrate treatment technologies in Russia has been pilot-industrially tested and implemented. One of the reasons for this situation is the complexity and high cost of technologies.

The authors propose to consider the landfill as an enterprise with a water circulation system that does not discharge water into natural reservoirs in the normal mode of operation. The water formed during the leachate treatment is partly evaporated in the evaporation pond, and partly used to irrigate the landfill in order to evaporate, prevent dusting and fire. The basic technological scheme of filtrate purification is shown in fig. 1.

The filtrate is collected in an equalizer 1 and then goes to the precipitator reactor 2 for cleaning. When air is bubbled through the filtrate, ferrous iron is oxidized to ferric iron. Flakes of iron hydroxide then contribute to the acceleration of the process of deposition of fine particles. Alkalinization of the solution removes manganese from it. When the pH of the filtrate is adjusted to 455 10-11, ammonium nitrogen passes into the form of NH3 and is blown out of the solution. At the same time, the solution is disinfected. After separation of the precipitate, the filtrate is neutralized (pH 7-8), passes through the filter 3 and enters the electrolytic settling tank 4, where it is cleaned from chlorine compounds, heavy metals, oil products.

The water formed in settling tanks 5 and 6, after compaction of the sediment and settling foam, is removed to the evaporation pond, and the sediment from these apparatuses and the reactor 2. is disposed of at the landfill. Some types of industrial waste can be used as reagents in the technology. The hardware design of this technology does not require the use of original apparatus designs: tank structures made of reinforced concrete and bulk filters are traditionally used at wastewater treatment facilities, and electrolyzers (electrocoagulators) are widely used in wastewater treatment systems, for example, at enterprises of chemical and petrochemical complexes, in systems for extracting metals from the effluents of electroplating shops.

The simplification of the leachate neutralization technology and its instrumentation makes the introduction of landfill wastewater treatment systems more realistic, and therefore increases their degree of environmental safety.

Destruction hazardous waste

Particular attention should be paid to such activities as the accumulation, storage, transportation and disposal of toxic and radioactive waste.
Radioactive waste is not only a product of NPP activities, but also waste from the use of radionuclides in medicine, industry, agriculture and science. Collection, storage, disposal and disposal of waste containing radioactive substances are regulated by the following documents:

· SPORO-85 Sanitary Rules for Radioactive Waste Management. Moscow: USSR Ministry of Health, 1986;

· Rules and norms on radiation safety in the nuclear power industry. Volume 1. Moscow: USSR Ministry of Health (290 pages), 1989;

· OSP 72/87 Basic sanitary rules.

For the neutralization and disposal of radioactive waste, the Radon system was developed, consisting of sixteen radioactive waste disposal sites. Guided by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1149-g dated November 5, 1991, the Ministry of Atomic Industry of the Russian Federation, in cooperation with several interested ministries and institutions, developed a project state program on radioactive waste management in order to create regional automated radioactive waste accounting systems, modernize existing waste storage facilities and design new radioactive waste disposal sites. The choice of land plots for storage, burial or destruction of waste is carried out by the authorities local government in coordination with the territorial bodies of the Ministry of Natural Resources and the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision.

The type of waste storage containers depends on their hazard class: from sealed steel cylinders for storing highly hazardous waste to paper bags for storing less hazardous waste. For each type of industrial waste reservoirs (i.e. tailings and sludge storages, industrial wastewater reservoirs, settling ponds, evaporation reservoirs), requirements are defined for protection against pollution of soil, groundwater and surface water, for reducing the concentration harmful substances in the air and the content of hazardous substances in storage tanks within or below the MPC. The construction of new industrial waste ponds is only allowed if evidence is presented that it is not possible to switch to the use of low-waste or waste-free technologies or use the waste for any other purpose.

Radioactive waste is buried at special landfills. Such landfills should be located at a great distance from settlements and large bodies of water. Very an important factor protection against the spread of radiation is a container that contains hazardous waste. Its depressurization or increased permeability
may contribute to the negative impact of hazardous waste on ecosystems.

Selecting a Disposal Site for Highly Toxic Waste In order to select a disposal site for radioactive (as well as any highly toxic) waste, it is necessary to be sure that the rocks in the chosen location do not have increased permeability and connection with deep horizons.

For this, it is necessary that the place chosen for burial is not crossed by a tectonic disturbance. Until recently, this problem had no solution, since there were no methods for mapping tectonics. One example of what the burial of toxic substances in the zone of tectonic disturbance leads to is the Krasny Bor landfill for the disposal of highly toxic waste from chemical production, which was created in the 60s, near Kolpino. As it turned out, this object is intersected by tectonic disturbances, as a result of which traces of buried waste are found both in agricultural fields and in the upper reaches of rivers at very significant distances from the landfill.

The spectral-seismic profiling (SSP) method developed several years ago makes it possible to unambiguously identify zones of tectonic disturbances, regardless of the thickness of the sedimentary cover. The SSP method makes it possible to detect tectonic disturbances at any thickness of the sedimentary cover - both the zone of crushing of the crystalline basement hidden by moss and vegetation in the conditions of the Kola Peninsula, where the sedimentary cover is absent, and the zone of tectonic disturbance in the conditions of Siberia, where the thickness of the sedimentary cover is very large.

If a reinforced concrete waste tank is in the zone of a tectonic disturbance, then the situation develops as follows:

Due to the presence of a zone of reduced bearing capacity (in other words, increased compliance) of soil under the reservoir, a part of this reservoir seems to sag. Since reinforced concrete cannot sag, the accumulation of microdisturbances begins.

As a result of the accumulation of microfractures, the permeability of the reservoir increases, and the substance stored in the reservoir begins to appear from the outside.

As soon as this is found out, the reservoir is liquidated in order to make a new and good one, the leaked substance is removed from the soil, and cement mortar is injected into the soil at this place.

In fact, the injection enters the zone of reduced bearing capacity, and due to the increase in pressure on the soil from the side of the cement injection, the rate of sinking into the soil in this place increases even more, and the new reservoir fails even faster. This is what happens all over the world. The blame for this lies with those scientists who declare the presence of elastic deformations both in rocks and in concrete and reinforced concrete. Experiments show that these media have no elastic deformations.

I discovered that the listed rocks do not have an elastic deformation zone as early as 1980. I have repeatedly reported on this at conferences and seminars. Oddly enough, no one objected, but they refused to accept this point of view, citing the fact that it would damage mining and construction science. But is it science if it does not stand on an experimental basis?

Both mining and construction sciences (as well as theoretical acoustics of solid media, as shown on my website) are a set of equations, most of whose arguments cannot be determined in an experiment. This is what is called science. The purpose of this scientism is to be a feeding trough for the people serving it, who call themselves scientists.

How scientism gets into science: in order to become a dissertation, a work must have mathematical attributes. To do this, they hire a mathematician who writes a fantasy on a given topic in the required volume. Another component of the dissertation is acts on the introduction into the national economy (now, probably, this is called differently, but nothing changes from changing the name). The price of such an act is from a banquet to admission to the graduate school of the next blockhead. Over a quarter of a century of work at LGI, hundreds of dissertations have been passed before my eyes. I will not name one that would be done according to a different scheme. Let me state right away that we are talking about mining and construction science and about seismic prospecting. I would really like things to be different outside of these areas.

On the other hand, according to the laws of psychology, a person who once lied in science (including plagiarism, defending a fake dissertation, declaring the discovery of a non-existent effect) dies as a scientist. You cannot afford to be mistaken in material stolen or sucked from your finger. So after that you have to do not engage in science, but prove that you are not a swindler.

Sooner or later, the bullshit that led a person to candidate or doctoral dignity will end up in textbooks, become the foundation for the next generations of scientists, and will end up in regulatory documents. Otherwise, how would seismic exploration, which, in principle, cannot provide any information, get into SNiPs as a method recommended for engineering and geological surveys?

When I talk about the complete lack of information of traditional seismic exploration, this often causes misunderstanding on the part of people who are unfamiliar with the deep problems of this area of ​​knowledge. Her idea is too simple to allow oneself to doubt it. The obviousness of this idea is comparable to the obviousness that the Earth is flat, and all heavenly bodies revolve around it.

But in physics there is not and cannot be anything obvious and no axioms. Physics is a set of real-life effects and phenomena, and what cannot be experimentally confirmed is not physics. At best a hypothesis, at worst a delusion or even a deception. When in the 1920s, during the first seismic measurements, it was not possible to isolate the echo signal, confusion arose due to the fact that the mathematics that described the echo signals formed on the basis of mental representations had reached such a level that it was announced that the development of theoretical acoustics of solid media as a separate science. Indeed, if with the help of mathematics it is possible to describe any conceivable situation that arises during the propagation of elastic waves, then acoustics completely passes into the competence of mathematics.

That's just one was the difficulty of any of the theoretical provisions of the acoustics of solid media, none of the mathematical solutions proved impossible to confirm experimentally. How, however, and to refute. Even such a fundamental position as the constancy of the speed of sound propagation in homogeneous media.

However, the confusion did not last long. Scientists have learned to exploit the very fact that the primary idea of ​​seismic exploration is elementary. This is done very simply. Fulfilling survey work in full, with the involvement of drilling, as well as all known geophysical methods, the report indicates that all information was obtained using only one seismic survey. The seismic survey itself, of course, is also used, but the interpretation of its results is reduced to the ability to tighten (roughly speaking, adjust) them to the results obtained by other research methods.

That is how, for example, West Siberian oil was discovered with the help of seismic exploration.

That is how, with the help of seismic surveys, surveys are carried out all over the world in order to select a place for the disposal of radioactive waste. Well, here are the results, I started with them.

Try to order seismic surveys with a strict condition and not apply any other survey methods. Neither geological nor geophysical. And without knowledge, of course, of the already available geological information on this region. You won't succeed. I have carried out such an experiment many times, and I am convinced of its results.

I think that everyone should have a question why this is being done. After all, the one who deceives cannot but be afraid of being exposed. The fact is that the cost of seismic works is more than 90% of the total cost of research. Or, in other words, having ordered geophysical surveys in full, you will spend 10 times more money than if you did without seismic surveys.

Solid waste landfills are complex engineering structures, they must be equipped according to special technology. The bottom of the landfill, which has a slight slope, is lined with a strong plastic film. The layer of waste poured daily must be leveled and compacted with special rollers, then covered with a layer of sand or clay, leveled, compacted again and covered with a layer of strong film.

At the bottom of the landfill should be a collection of filterable liquids, which are regularly taken out for recycling. The disposal of MSW at the landfill should be accompanied by environmental control and monitoring of the possible impact on environment. After filling the landfill to the zero level, reclamation should be carried out, that is, backfilling with a layer of sand and soil, planting grass and plants, and other necessary work.

Waste should be sorted and sent to different landfills depending on its content. Now there is a tendency after waste sorting to press them into briquettes with a significant reduction in volume. On such landfills, there is practically no subsidence of the soil. In some countries, like England or the United States, it is customary to set up golf courses on reclaimed landfill surfaces.

How things are with the processing of household waste in our country, we can consider the example of Moscow. More than 3 million tons are produced here annually solid waste, most of which are household waste- this is 270 kg per year from each resident of the capital. The bulk of urban waste is disposed of just at special landfills and large landfills located in the Moscow region. The landfills have been operating since the late 1970s and are nearing the end of their useful life. Municipal waste disposal sites cannot be called "sanitary landfills", as is customary in the West. There is simply no system for removing and neutralizing the filtrate, special landslides along the borders, there is no layer-by-layer stacking of waste, pressing, filling with soil, there is no specialized equipment.

Absolutely unsorted waste is stored in landfills, including waste from the chemical industry and, very seriously, toxic waste, whose share in the annual volume of household waste is 60%. On the territory of the city there are 90 practically unequipped garbage dumps, with a total area of ​​almost 300 hectares. The number of unauthorized dumps is not known at all. Often in landfills, garbage is set on fire to reduce its volume and extend the life of the landfill. But such burning goes badly, and besides, it is accompanied by smoke and a terrible fetid odor, besides, it contributes to the formation of dangerous chemical substances due to the presence of polymers, chemicals and other materials.

Every year in Moscow, according to various estimates, from 2.5 to 3.5 million tons of solid waste and approximately 6.1 million tons of industrial waste. Approximately 10% of garbage and approximately 59% of industrial waste are recycled.

Most of the garbage is sent to landfills. The area of ​​each is from 50 to 60 hectares. The development of the resource occurs in 3-4 years.

210 landfills and landfills were registered in the Moscow Region, some of which are not in operation. 43 of them had the status of official, many semi-official, but only two sites were built according to specially developed projects. In almost all cases, landfills arose spontaneously, without taking into account environmental requirements, in worked out quarries.

In 2006 and 2007. Polygons of the Moscow Region: "Salaryevo" ( Leninsky district); Zhiroshkino (Domodedovsky district), Pavlovskoye (Istra district), Kargashino (Mytishchi district), Sliznevo (Naro-Fominsk district); Shemyakino (Khimki district) and Stanovoe quarry (Ramensky district); "Annino" (Ruzsky district); "Toropovo" (Ramensky district) and "Lytkino" (Solnechnogorsk district), exhausted their resources.

Limits for the acceptance of garbage are also limited at the largest landfills in the Moscow region Timokhovo (Noginsk district), Khmetyevo (Solnechnogorsk district) and Dmitrovsky (Dmitrovsky district).

Currently, there are 37 solid waste disposal sites operating in the Moscow Region, where about 7 million tons of garbage are dumped annually.

In addition, there are more than 1.5 thousand unauthorized dumps to be eliminated. The largest ones, in most areas, are formed, as a rule, in worked-out quarries and ravines. They have a detrimental effect on the ecology of the Moscow Region.

It is forbidden to place landfills on the territory of MoscowMSW. household waste and construction garbage from Moscow to burial sites located in the Moscow region.

Of the landfills that receive Moscow solid waste, only two are currently operating: Khmetyevo (Solnechnogorsk district) and Dmitrovsky (Dmitrovsky district).

Polygon Khmetyevo

Landfill "Khmetyevo" is located in the Solnechnogorsk district of the Moscow region, 65 km from Moscow and occupies part of the depleted Mansurovsky gravel and pebble quarry. It is intended for burial of household waste in Moscow, Solnechnogorsk and Solnechnogorsk region.

The total area of ​​the landfill is 79.4 ha, including: 53.23 ha from the lands of the Solnechnogorsk experimental forestry enterprise, 20.4 ha from the reserve lands, 5.76 ha from the land of settlements). At present, the western part - 26.17 hectares - is a closed part of the landfill, where MSW was buried in the period from 1980 to 1990. Old burials are covered with soil 1 m thick. The established limit of waste disposal is 1.1 million tons per year and contaminated soils 295 thousand tons per year.

Polygon Dmitrovsky

Landfill for the disposal of municipal solid waste "Dmitrovsky" is located in the Dmitrovsky district of the Moscow region, 8 km from the village of Iksha and 0.8 km from the village of Dyakovo, on the depleted Marfino-Dyakovo quarry. The landfill is intended for the reception and disposal of solid waste according to height pattern to create an orderly landscape. It occupies an area of ​​63.5 hectares. The established burial limit is 1.1 million tons per year and 173 thousand tons of contaminated soils per year.

Timohovo and Pavlovsky

Landfill "Timokhovo" located in the Noginsk district, 1 km south of the village of Timohovo. It arose on the site of a clay quarry, served 22 (out of 32) districts of Moscow and for the period from 1977 to 1989. reached an area of ​​108.56 hectares.

Landfill "Pavlovsky» is located in the Istra district, a 40-minute drive from Moscow. It is located between the villages of Pavlovskoye, Sannikovo, Manikhino and Ivanovskoye, just 500 meters from the Istra River (in its sanitary protection zone). Area 14.65 ha.

Dolgoprudny and Salaryevo

Landfill "Dolgoprudny" located in the industrial and communal area of ​​Dolgoprudny. From the north and west it borders on the territory of the cemetery, from the south it adjoins the city treatment facilities and the river. Bead, from the west at a distance of 1 km - the channel named after. Moscow, from the east - the land of the Khlebnikov forestry. The nearest residential development to the object is vil. Likhachevo, located 900 m to the southwest. Area 13.89 ha.

Landfill for solid domestic and industrial waste "Salaryevo" is located in the Leninsky district of the Moscow region near the village of Salaryevo, 3 km southwest of Moscow. Operated since 1993. Closed for garbage collection in April 2007. The area, within the boundaries of the land allotment, is 59 hectares. The territory on which the reception and storage of garbage was directly carried out occupies 57 hectares. It has been recultivated.

Shcherbinka, Sosenki and Levoberezhny

Landfill "Shcherbinka" is located in the Domodedovsky district of the Moscow region, 3 km east of the city of Podolsk. Area - 123.45 hectares. It arose spontaneously in the 1950s on the site of exhausted sand pits located 400-600 m from the right bank of the Pakhra River. Screening of the base before the start of operation was not carried out. Along with municipal solid waste, radioactive waste(waste loparite concentrate) Podolsky chemical and metallurgical plant. In 1988 it was closed.

Landfill "Pine" is located in the Leninsky district of the Moscow region, 7 km from Moscow along the Kaluga highway. Nearest locality- d. Makarovo. In the immediate vicinity (50 m) from the northwestern border, the Sosenka River flows. The river valley encircles Sosenki MSW from the north, west and south. Closed for operation since 1978, its surface is partially isolated by soils. The total area is 40 hectares.

Polygon "Left Bank", is located 750 m northeast of the Levoberezhny residential microdistrict (Khimki). It is located on the site of a former clay quarry and is intended for the burial of household and industrial waste of the IV hazard class of the city of Khimki, the Khimki and Krasnogorsk districts. The area is 26.5 hectares. The established limit of waste disposal is 100,000 tons per year and contaminated soil is 50,000 tons per year.

Aleksinsky, Kuchino, Torbeevo and Kargashino

Landfill "Alexinsky quarry", located 2.5 km from the outskirts of Klin, located on the territory of the worked-out part of the sand pit. It is intended for burial of household and industrial wastes of the IV class of danger of Klin and the Klinsky area. Area 20.0 ha. The established limit of burials is 152 thousand tons per year and contaminated soils 37 thousand tons per year.

Landfill "Kuchino" is located in the Balashikha district near the village of Saltykovka, not far from the town of Zheleznodorozhny. It is located in worked-out clay quarries. Founded in 1971. Area 59 ha. The established limit is 100,000 tons per year and 90,000 tons of contaminated soil per year.

Landfill "Torbeevo" located in the Lyuberetsky district, 1 km from the village of Torbeevo, about 25 km from the Moscow Ring Road along the Novoryazanskoe highway. Area 12.8 ha. The established limit of waste disposal is 248 thousand tons per year and 162 thousand tons of contaminated soil per year.

Landfill "Kargashino" located in the Mytishchi region. Area 11.14 ha.

Material prepared on the basis of information eco.ria.ru