Central Black Earth State Reserve named after Professor V. Alekhine. Presentation on the topic: Central Black Earth State Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alyokhina Central Chernozem Reserve presentation

“State reserves” - Voronezh Nature Reserve. Zyuratkul. Ilmensky state reserve. Physical education minute. Taganay. Draw a power supply circuit. State nature reserves and parks Southern Urals. Barguzinsky reserve. Man is a defender of nature. Astrakhan Nature Reserve. Set up for the lesson. Arkaim.

“Khekhtsir Reserve” - Relief. The ridges of the watersheds are narrow and rocky in places, and there are steep rocky ledges. The flora of the reserve contains 755 species of higher vascular plants. The sable population, previously destroyed, has now been restored. Khekhtsir Nature Reserve. Vegetable world. Korean Iptima. The foothills of Khekhtsir are hilly and rugged.

“Alakolsky Reserve” - Onagash, Zhalykol, Pelikanya and Baklanya Kurya, and in the western part - between lakes. Modern landscapes. The length of the island is 1.5 km, width 0.5 km. Main nesting sites for birds. Dostyk) up to 279 mm (st. Dense thickets of blackberries are characteristic. National parks. Kazakhstan, carrying out reforms, confidently ranks among the developed countries of the world.

“Wrangel Island” - Founded in 1976. The firebird of the north is the pink gull. Every year there are up to 250 dens on the island, where mother bears give birth to their babies in the midst of the Arctic winter. Mother bears come to Wrangel Island from different parts of the Arctic. White arctic geese. Reserve "Wrangel Island". Muskox.

“Nature reserves of Russia” - Barguzinsky. Great Arctic. Kronotsky Nature Reserve. Big arctic reserve. There are 101 nature reserves in Russia. In 1898, F. E. FalzFein created a private reserve in the south of Ukraine. Kronotsky. Story. Nature reserves of Russia. The most important nature reserves in the world are included in the list World Heritage UNESCO.

“Specially protected areas” - Individuals are obliged 1) to comply with the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of specially protected natural areas. Responsibility for violation of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of protected areas. Article 82. Compensation for damage caused by violation of the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of protected areas. On the territory of an environmental institution, the following is not allowed:

There are 28 presentations in total

Prepared by T.S. Shestopalova, a primary school teacher at the Polevskoy Lyceum. year 2014

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Sections of the reserve Streletsky section Cossack section Bukreevy Barmy Barkalovka Zorinsky section Psla floodplain What a steppe! You have been sung many times, Dressed in the glory of your past. The feather grass, where you cannot look into the distance, spreads in the wind as of old... There are curly oak groves all around... Well, what better do you need, right! And to this reserve of mine I invite everyone with me... Professor V.V. Alekhine

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Streletsky section Kozatsky section Bukreevy Barmy section Barkalovka section Zorinsky section Poima Psla section

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All six sections of the Central Black Earth Reserve are located within middle zone forest-steppe, where the natural (indigenous) communities in the conditions of flat watershed surfaces, called plakors, are meadow steppes and broadleaf forests mainly from English oak. A significantly smaller area on certain forms of relief is occupied by other types of plant communities (true and steppe meadows, petrophytic steppes, wetland vegetation, bush thickets, small-leaved forests, etc.). According to data for the entire period of flora research, on modern territory The Central Chernozem Reserve (5287.4 ha) until the end of 2010, the growth of 1287 species of vascular plants, including adventitious (adventive) ones, was noted (published and typewritten materials) herbaceous plants and woody introduced species.

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Mushrooms

The kingdom of mushrooms in the Central Black Earth Reserve has about a thousand species. 12 species of mushrooms living in the Central Chernobyl Zone are poisonous and can cause not only poisoning, but also death. First of all, the deadly poisonous pale grebe must be included in this group. Mushrooms have entered human life not only as a source delicious food, but also as natural healers at the most various diseases. The Central Chernobyl Zone is home to more than 40 species of fungi with medicinal properties. The use of red fly agaric for rheumatism, neuralgia, tuberculosis, atherosclerosis, vascular spasms and epilepsy is well known. False honey mushrooms were used as a laxative and emetic, and even cholera was treated with toadstool. 2 species of mushrooms of the reserve are listed in the Red Book of Russia: the branched tinder fungus or ram fungus /Polyporusumbellatus/ is found in the Streletsky site, its fruiting body can reach more than 10 kg of weight, and the varnished tinder fungus /Ganodermalucidum/, which is registered only in the Streletsky and Kazatsky sites.

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Lacquered tinder fungus Common dubovik Judas's ear Veselka common boletus Common boletus Chlorosplenium blue-green

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Steppe vegetation The steppes are the main value for which the reserve was created. The steppes represented on its territory are classified as northern, or meadow. The Central Black Earth Reserve includes the largest of them - the Streletskaya (730 hectares) and Kozatskaya (720 hectares) steppes. Relict vegetation (“Land of Living Fossils”) Of particular value is the vegetation of the southeast of the Kursk region (the upper reaches of the Oskol River basin), where unique calciphytic-petrophytic steppes are located, located on the slopes and hills with a close underlying chalk deposits. To protect them, sections of the Barkalovka and Bukreevy Barmy reserves were organized here in 1969. The plant communities growing in these habitats are known as “low alps.” They are stable over time, characterized by a closed grass stand of small medium height, noticeable participation of shrubs and subshrubs, rich floristic composition and significant concentration rare species.

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Meadow vegetation Meadows are usually divided into floodplain and continental (located on watershed spaces). Their vegetation is represented by rather poor communities with a predominance of trivial meadow or weed-meadow species, among which creeping wheatgrass, angustifolia and swamp bluegrass, common yarrow, and dandelion predominate. Swamp and aquatic vegetation On the territory of the Central Chernozem Reserve, the swamp type of vegetation has a relatively small distribution. In the areas of Barkalovka, Zorinsky, Poima Psla there are grass swamps, occupying a total of about 260 hectares. Floodplain grass swamps are widespread: reed, manna, sedge, cattail. The most abundant grasses in these communities are grasses (common reed, manna grass, hoary reed grass, swamp bluegrass), sedges (sharp, turfy, swollen, foxtail, coastal, false-reed, bladderwrack, etc.), cattails (narrow-leaved and broad-leaved), river horsetail, forbs. Forest vegetation The forests of the reserve are located in the southwestern part of the Central Russian Upland within the central zone forest steppe zone and are part of the Kursk forest-steppe district. Due to intensive human colonization of the forest-steppe landscape, they are represented by individual forest tracts or larger tracts, and, as a rule, surrounded by agricultural land

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Rare plant species Currently, 13 species of vascular plants from the Red Book are known to grow on the territory of the Central Black Earth Reserve Russian Federation(2008), which is 65% of the “Red Book Russian species” reliably recorded in the Kursk region. Basically, these are species located near the borders of their range: in the north - thin-leaved peony, Zalessky feather grass, beautiful, pubescent-leaved and pinnate, leafless iris; at the southern end there is Lesel’s elk; as well as species with a fragmented habitat - lady's slipper, Russian and checkered hazel grouse, wolfberry (Julia's wolfberry), Alauan cotoneaster and Kozo-Polyansky grouse

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Lady's slipper real Cotoneaster of the Alauan fritillary checkerboard Peony fine-leaved Breaker Kozo-Polyansky lumbago Feather feathers

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Animals The combination of steppe spaces and forests, fertile soils, highly productive vegetation with optimal heat and moisture conditions create the most favorable conditions for the existence of many species of animals of different ecology in the forest-steppe. The group of invertebrate animals is the largest. Insects Steppe insects account for 4 to 16% of species. About a thousand species of beetles have been identified. Representatives of all the main families of this order are found in abundance: ground beetles, beetles, darkling beetles, click beetles, soft beetles, weevils, longhorned beetles, etc. The best studied species in the reserve are ground beetles. There are especially many wild solitary bees and bumblebees here. About 20 species of bumblebees live in the Streletsky area alone. The world of predatory insects is extremely diverse. There are many predators among centipedes, bedbugs, ants, wasps, and some flies.

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Stag beetle Soldier bug Bronzovka Swallowtail Peacock eye

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Spiders According to our estimates, 191 species of spiders live in the Streletskaya steppe: 96 in the steppe, 105 in the forest and on the edges. The most notable of them are perhaps the orb-weaving spiders of the Araneidae family. Their large wheel-shaped webs can often be found in grass, trees and shrubs. The largest of them is the Brünnich spider, or wasp spider, so named because of the yellow-black striped pattern of the abdomen. Amphibians Ten species of amphibians live on the territory of the reserve. These are almost all representatives of the amphibian fauna of the Kursk region with the exception of grass frog And common tree frog. Reptiles The territory of the Central Black Earth Reserve is home to 5 species of reptiles (snapping and viviparous lizards, spindle, common grass snake and steppe viper), which makes up 50% of the reptile fauna of the Kursk region. Birds Birds are the largest group of vertebrate animals in the reserve. According to the latest data, in the fauna of the Central Chernobyl Zone and its protective zone, there are 226 species of birds, this is about 80% of all birds in the Kursk region, of which more than 90 species nest in the reserve. Mammals In the relatively small territory of the Central Black Earth Reserve, 50 species of mammals have been registered. 4 species have been recorded in the Central Chernozem Reserve bats, making up the order Chiroptera. 13 species live in the Central Chernobyl Zone carnivorous mammals. The largest of them is the wolf

Kiseleva Lyudmila Leonidovna

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Since 1979, the reserve has been part of the international network of UNESCO biosphere reserves, since 1998 it has been the holder of a Diploma of the Council of Europe, and in 2012 it entered the Emerald Network of Europe. Among the inhabited places of the Kursk region, six “pieces of paradise” have been preserved with virgin northern steppes, standard chernozems, pre-glacial vegetation on chalk hills, relict sphagnum bogs and the purest floodplain complexes.

Slide 4: The role of the reserve in nature conservation in the Russian Federation

Currently, the Central Chernobyl Zone consists of 6 sites with a total area of ​​just over 5 thousand hectares. In the Streletsky and Kazatsky sections of the Central Chernobyl Zone, a zonal type of vegetation that has practically disappeared in the European forest-steppe is preserved - upland meadow steppes, which are characterized by species richness indicators that are outstanding for extratropical vegetation (87 species per 1 sq. m), high productivity, colorfulness and richness of flora. Meadow-steppe vegetation grows on typical chernozems that have never been plowed, the thickness of the humus horizon of which reaches 1.5 m, and its content is up to 13%.

Slide 5: Meadow steppes with feather feather grass

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The Bukreevy Barmy and Barkalovka areas are characterized by petrophytic steppe communities on the slopes of chalk hills with preglacial (relict) plant species. Here grows the wolfberry (lat. Dáphne cneórum), listed in the Red Book of Russia, and not found in other reserves of the country. In the Zorinsky area, sphagnum bogs in suffusion basins are of greatest interest. They are characterized high diversity sphagnum mosses (within a small area. The Psla Floodplain area includes floodplain alder and oak forests, as well as swamps and oxbow lakes, where the world’s smallest flowering plant–, rootless wolffia (lat. Wolffia arrhiza) is not known in other areas of the Kursk region; the largest colony of gray heron is also located here.

Slide 7: Wolfberry (relic)

The Central Black Earth Reserve preserves the typical landscapes of the Kursk region; its biological diversity is represented by 7,200 species of living organisms. To date, some taxa of living organisms in the Kursk region have been practically unstudied and data on them are presented only on the basis of their study in the Central Black Earth Reserve. The biodiversity of the Central Chernobyl Zone includes more than 90% of all studied species of living organisms in the Kursk region. 55 species of animals, plants and fungi included in the Red Book of Russia and 227 species included in the Red Book of the Kursk Region were noted. The potential of the Central Chernobyl Zone is actively used to justify and plan the development of a regional network of specially protected natural areas, carry out design and survey work and prepare decisions on the creation various categories regional protected areas in the Kursk region.

Slide 9: Geographical location

Miraculously preserved islands of the most beautiful forest-steppe landscape of the Central Black Earth Biosphere State Nature Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhina are located on the territory of the European part of Russia within the Central Russian Upland. 4 sections of the reserve are located in its southwestern part and belong to the Dnieper river basin: Streletsky and Kozatsky sections (51°34´ N 36°06´ E) are located at an altitude of 178-262 m above sea level, Zorinsky (51°11´ N 36°24´ E) d.) - at an altitude of 169-200 m, and the Psla Floodplain (51°11´ N 36°19´ E) - 155-167 m above sea level on the watershed of the Seima and Psla rivers. 2 sections of the reserve are located in the southeastern part of the Central Russian Upland and belong to the Don river basin: Barkalovka (51°33´ N 37°39´ E) and Bukreevy Barmy (51°30´ N . 37°18´ E) at an altitude of 163-238 m above sea level on the watershed of the Oskol and Ksheni rivers.

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Slide 10: Geological structure

The territory of the reserve is located within the Voronezh crystalline shield - an ancient massif composed of granite-gneisses, crystalline schists, and ferruginous quartz. These rocks do not reach the surface in the reserve, but serve as the foundation for sedimentary rocks, represented mainly by clays with rare interlayers of marls, limestones, sandstones and sands, lying at a depth of 70-120 m. Above are deposits of the Cretaceous system, represented by clay, sand, chalk, marl.

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Slide 11: Relief

The reserve's topography is typically erosive. The difference in elevations of the bottoms of the beams and watersheds reaches 100 meters. The most common forms of microrelief are saucers and oval-shaped tubercles, with a depth of 50 cm to 1 m and a diameter of 20-30 meters. The space between the saucers has a tuberculate surface, which continues to form today as a result of the vital activity of rodents: mole rats and voles. In places with close occurrence of chalk deposits, karst phenomena are observed in the form of funnels, pits, and failures. On Barkalovka and Bukreev Barmy, chalk is often exposed along the slopes of ravines, forming picturesque “belogorya”. In the Zorinsky area, suffosion-karst and subsidence depressions in the relief (depressions and basins) are observed.

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Slide 12: Streletsky area

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Slide 13: Climate

The territory of the reserve is located in a zone of moderately cold climate with average annual temperature air + 5.7ºC. The coldest month is January (- 7.9˚С). During all winter months thaws may occur with air temperatures rising above 0. They occur especially often at the beginning and end of winter. The warmest is July (+ 18.9˚С). During the year, there are on average 190 days with precipitation. The sun shines for an average of 1800 hours throughout the year. The longest season of the year is winter - 130 days, the shortest is spring - 63 days. The average duration of the growing season is 185 days. The thermal regime is generally stable.

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Slide 14: Weather station “Streletskaya Steppe”

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The average long-term precipitation is 570 mm. Absolute fluctuations in precipitation amount are 404 mm (from 334 in 2010 to 744 in 1997). Precipitation falls very unevenly both from year to year and throughout the year. Snow cover usually sets in the first ten days of December. The final melting of the snow cover occurs in the first ten days of April.

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Slide 16: Water

There are no open reservoirs in the Streletsky and Kozatsky sections of the reserve. Groundwater lies at a depth of 12-14 meters. In the Barkalovka area there are natural water sources - these are several springs gushing out of the chalk layer and feeding a small swamp with water. The Zorinsky site consists of a group of separate swamps lying close to each other, on the second terrace above the floodplain of the Psel and Zapselets rivers. Their diameter varies from 5 to 75 m. The surface on which they are located is hilly, in places flat, swamps lie in depressions. They were formed by leaching and settling of Neogene sands underlying the loess layer. Forty of the studied bogs are sphagnum bogs - a rare phenomenon for the steppe zone; a small Gnilets stream flows through it. In the Poima Psla area, reservoirs occupy 2% of the area, and swamps (Plavni, Lutovo and Zapseletskoye) occupy almost half of the area - 238.7 hectares. There are oxbow lakes (Lake Zhirnoe).

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Slide 17: Psla Poima area

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Slide 18: Streletsky area

The Streletsky site is the largest (2046 hectares). It is located 10 km south of the city of Kursk and stretches as a narrow ribbon (1.5-2.5 km) from southwest to northeast for almost 8 km, having in its western part 3 small forest tracts: Dubroshina, Solovyatnik and Dedov Vesely, and in the eastern part there is Petrin forest (the largest forest tract - about 500 hectares). Forests occupy 40% of the territory - these are grove oak forests, a few aspen forests, and a few other deciduous species. In the forest tracts of Petrin Forest and Dedov Vesely there are cordons where security inspectors live protected area. Area of ​​steppes and meadows: 868 hectares, which is 42.4% of the total area of ​​the site.

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Slide 19: Streletskaya steppe

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The Streletskaya steppe is located on a plateau, on the northern side the border runs along Petrin Log. Slopes occupy 14%. The area is dominated by virgin, typical chernozems; only in the Streletskaya steppe can soils with a meter thick fertile humus layer be found. The Streletskaya steppe is a colorful mixed-grass steppe with broad-leaved grasses, a real open-air laboratory. In a relatively small area, 860 species of various herbs, shrubs and trees grow! There are 7 species of plants listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation (fine-leaved peony Paeonia tenuifolia, leafless iris Iris aphylla, Russian hazel grouse Fritillaria ruthenica and checkerboard Fritillaria meleágris, feather grass Stipa pennata). There are 87 plant species on one square meter. Such high species richness is rare in the central regions of Russia. V.V. Alekhine called the Streletskaya and Cossack steppes the “Kursk botanical anomaly.”

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Slide 21: Cossack site

The Cossack site is the second largest (1638 hectares) formed in 1935. It is located 18 km southeast of the Streletsky site in the Medvensky district and consists of the Cossack steppe and forest. The area of ​​steppes and meadows is 1098 hectares, which is 67% of the total area of ​​the site. Virgin steppes occupy about 600 hectares. On the most fertile soils 739 species of vascular plants grow, of which 7 species are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation (fine-leaved peony, leafless iris, Russian hazel grouse, Zalessky feather grass, pinnate, pubescent-leaved and beautiful). The steppe is separated from the forest by a forest-steppe profile 500 m wide, where the relationship between forest and steppe has been studied for many years and so far the forest is winning: this area is gradually overgrown with trees and shrubs. On the steppe for conservation species diversity Various conservation regimes are also used for plants (mowing, hay rotation and non-mowing). About 4,000 species of insects, 7 species of amphibians, 5 species of reptiles, 164 species of birds, 38 species of mammals live here. At the edge of the forest there is a cordon where two inspectors live to protect the territory of the Cossack site and its three-kilometer security zone, with an area of ​​7,754 hectares.

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Slide 22: Scheme map of the Cossack site

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Slide 23: Bukreevy Barmy section

The Bukreevy Barmy site (259 hectares) became part of the reserve in 1969, located 100 km southeast of Kursk in the Timsky district near the village. Bolshie Butyrki, in turn, consists of two separated tracts. The first tract covers the oak forests of Bukreevo and Borki, connected by a ravine leading to the Repetskaya Plota River, the second tract - Pokosnevo - is a canyon-like ravine covered with tree growth. The distance between sections reaches up to 1.5 km. Area of ​​steppes and meadows: 112 hectares, which is 43.2% of the total area of ​​the site. Along the tops of the chalk hills and slopes there are forests descending in the form of green semicircles - barms (barms are the decoration of princes in the form of a mantle or necklace). Bukreev is the name of the landowner who owned these lands before the revolution. Hence the name Bukreevy Barmy.

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Slide 24: Chalk hills

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Bukreevy Barmy is one of the places where dry “shelters” of periglacial alpine-tundra vegetation have survived. They are widely known to botanists due to their interesting plant communities called "reduced alps". There is an unusual hilly terrain here. On the Bukreevy Barmy site there are 524 species of vascular plants, of which 8 species (Dáphne cneórum, Kozo-Polyansky Andrósace koso-poljanskii, Cypripedium calceolus, Iris aphylla, Cotoneaster alaunicus, Fritillá Russian hazel grouse ria ruthénica, feather grass Stípa pennáta and the beautiful Stípa pulcherríma) are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.

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Slide 26: Barkalovka section

The Barkalovka site (365 hectares) became part of the reserve in 1969, located in the Gorshechensky district, 120 km southeast of the city of Kursk. The site consists of two tracts - the treeless Barkalovka and the forested Gorodny on the watershed of the Oskol and Ksheni rivers - the Don river system. Area of ​​steppes and meadows: 88 hectares, which is 24% of the total area of ​​the site. On the Barkalovka site there are 652 species of vascular plants, of which 5 species (upland wolfberry (V. Yulia), leafless iris, Russian hazel grouse, feather feather and beautiful feather grass) are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. Professor B.P. Kozo-Polyansky called Barkalovka and Bukreevy Barmy, among several other sites, “a country of living fossils,” publishing his book under this name. Living fossils represent a large scientific interest. Their study allows us to understand the laws of evolution modern vegetation, provides material for solving major botanical and geographical issues.

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In total, 794 species of vascular plants grow on the Zorinsky site. For the first time in the Kursk region, whip sedge and oak manna were discovered here. The moss flora of the Zorinsky site is very diverse; more than 100 species have been recorded here, 9 of which are listed in the Red Book of the Kursk Region. A large variety of rare sphagnum mosses - 15 species - is concentrated in a very small area. About 250 species of mushrooms have been registered, and a rare species is often found - the giant puffball (Lycoperdon giganteum); 47 species of freshwater algae.

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Slide 31: Psla Poima area

The Poima Psla site (481.3 hectares) is located 60 km from the estate in the Oboyansky district, half a kilometer from the Zorinsky site and is a floodplain complex of the Psel River. It consists of three tracts (Plavni, Lutov forest and Zapseletsky swamps) and was formed in 1998. Reservoirs occupy 2% of the area, and swamps - almost half of the area. In the r. Psel is home to about 24 species of fish: bream, silver bream, chub, asp, ide, roach, rudd, carp, tench, golden crucian carp, silver crucian carp, etc. About 600 species of vascular plants grow on the site, 15 species of them are listed in the Red books of the Russian Federation and Kursk region.

The extracurricular activity is aimed at getting to know the reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhina. The virtual excursion is carried out in the form of a trip through stations (stops), as a result of which students will learn about the history of the reserve and its founder, visit in absentia the “land of living fossils”, the museum of nature, and learn about the unique plant diversity of the Streletskaya steppe.

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Virtual tour of the reserve named after V.V. Alekhina “KURSK PEARL”

Kursk pearl

Six “pieces of paradise” Streletsky section Cossack section Bukreevy Barmy Barkalovka Zorinsky section Psla floodplain

Stop 1. “Historical” The Central Chernozem State Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhin (CCZ) was established on February 10, 1935. On February 19, 1979, the Central Chernozem Reserve was one of the first in the USSR to receive an international Certificate biosphere reserve UNESCO; On September 28, 1998, the Central Black Earth Nature Reserve was awarded the European Diploma for the first time; 2012 The reserve entered the Emerald Network of Europe

Stop 2. “The pride of the Kursk land” Vasily Vasilyevich Alekhine (January 17, 1882 – April 3, 1946)

Stop 3. “Kursk botanical anomaly” V.V. Alekhine: “Imagine a vast space covered with a motley carpet of all sorts of colors, sometimes forming a complex mosaic of bizarre composition, sometimes representing individual spots of blue, yellow, red, white shades...”

Stop 4. “The country of living fossils” Relics - plants, witnesses of glaciation, which have survived to this day Shiverekia Podolskaya Wolfberry upland Prolomnik Kozo-Polyansky Dendrantem zavadsky

Stop 5. “under special protection” The biodiversity of the Central Chernobyl Zone is represented by 7200 species of living organisms Listed in the Red Book of the Kursk region - 227 species In the Red Book of Russia - 55 species Red Book of Russia 55 species

Stop 6. “Nature Museum”

Stop 7. “Intellectual” Quiz! Decipher the abbreviation PA. How many reserves and national parks on Russian territory? In what year was the nature reserve created? Professor Alekhine? Name the scientific works of Professor V.V. Alekhin. What is depicted on the emblem of the reserve named after. prof. V.V. Alekhina? How many areas does the reserve named after V.V. Alekhina? Which of the plots is located on the territory Kursk region? Why did the steppe get the name “Streletskaya”? How many plant species are there on a square meter of Streletskaya steppe? What relict plants are located in the Bukreevy Barmy and Barkalovka areas?

Through the pages of the red book

Central Black Earth biosphere reserve named after V.V. Alekhina is the wealth and pride of not only Kursk residents, but all Russians! How beautiful this world is, Where peace and bliss reign, Where the streams gurgle loudly, And no human feet have walked before. The lands there are like a fairy tale, The lakes are beautiful and clean, The land is virgin everywhere, You can’t take your eyes off from there. Let's then keep Nature clean and beautiful. And protected places will give strength to our descendants.

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MBOU "Gridasovskaya Secondary School" scientific society of students school scientific and practical conference of schoolchildren "Day of Ecology of Consciousness." Conservation of terrestrial ecosystems. CENTRAL CHERNOZEM STATE RESERVE NAMED AFTER PROFESSOR V.V. ALEKHINA ( research). Author of the work: Motorina Violetta, 6th grade. Head: Nina Fedorovna Obukhova, teacher of biology and chemistry.

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Purpose of the work: to study the state natural biosphere reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhin. Objectives: * Find out the history of the reserve and the biography of its founder. * Study the role of the reserve in nature conservation in the Russian Federation and the Kursk region. * Consider areas of the Central Black Earth Nature Reserve. * Study the flora and fauna of the Central Chernobyl Plant named after. Alekhina.

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Natural monuments. Natural monuments - unique, irreplaceable, valuable in environmental, scientific, cultural and aesthetic terms natural complexes and objects of natural and artificial origin. The main purpose of natural monuments is to preserve rare and unique natural objects. A real gem Kursk region is a state natural biosphere reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhin. One of the oldest nature reserves in Russia long years Through his active work, he made a significant contribution to the treasury of scientific and practical knowledge about the nature of forest-steppe ecosystems in Europe.

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CENTRAL CHERNOZEM STATE RESERVE NAMED AFTER PROFESSOR V.V. ALEKHINA

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Vasily Alekhine was born on January 17, 1882 in Kursk on Pastukhovskaya Street (now Belinsky) in the family of the merchant Vasily Vasilyevich Alekhine, who had six daughters and one son. Their father gave them all higher education. Since childhood, Vasily has been drawn to the natural world. After graduating from Moscow University, Alekhine remained to teach there. In 1919, he headed the botanical part of the expedition to survey the Kursk province. In 1935 V.V. Alekhine was awarded a doctorate biological sciences and in the same year, together with Voronezh botanists, he initiated the creation of a steppe reserve in the Kursk province. In the summer of 1945, after the end of the war, he again visited the Central Black Earth Reserve and began to restore it, devoting the rest of his life to this. April 3, 1946 V.V. Alekhine died suddenly and was buried at Novodevichy Cemetery in Moscow.

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The role of the reserve in nature conservation in the Russian Federation and the Kursk region. The Central Black Earth Nature Reserve, located in the Kursk region, is the oldest and most famous both in our country and abroad. Currently, the Central Chernobyl Zone consists of 6 sites with a total area of ​​just over 5 thousand hectares. The Central Black Earth Reserve preserves the typical landscapes of the Kursk region; its biological diversity is represented by 7,200 species of living organisms. 55 species of animals, plants and fungi included in the Red Book of Russia and 227 species included in the Red Book of the Kursk Region were noted. The Central Chernobyl Plant is a kind of regional center for environmental education. Of particular interest is the activity of the reserve in interaction with public education authorities and work with schoolchildren (excursions, scientific expeditions, environmental holidays, environmental events) and in providing environmental information to the population, including through mass media. The reserve maintains contacts with specialized universities in Kursk in terms of students undergoing educational, industrial and pre-qualification internships with the preparation of coursework and dissertations.

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Areas of the Central Black Earth Nature Reserve. Currently, the Central Chernozem Reserve includes 6 sections remote at a distance of 120 km from each other: Streletsky (Kursk district), Kazatsky (Medvensky district), Bukreevy Barmy (Manturovsky district), Barkalovka (Gorshechensky district -n), Zorinsky (Oboyansky and Pristensky districts) and Poima Psla (Oboyansky district) with a total area of ​​5287.4 hectares in the Kursk region.

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Streletsky area. The Streletsky site is the largest (2046 hectares). It is located 10 km south of the city of Kursk and stretches as a narrow ribbon (1.5-2.5 km) from southwest to northeast for almost 8 km, having 3 small forest tracts in its western part. Forests occupy 40% of the territory. In the forest tracts of Petrin Forest and Dedov Vesely there are cordons where inspectors for the protection of the protected area live. Area of ​​steppes and meadows: 868 hectares, which is 42.4 of the total area of ​​the site.

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Cossack section. The Cossack site is the second largest (1638 hectares) formed in 1935. It is located 18 km southeast of the Streletsky site in the Medvensky district and consists of the Cossack steppe and forest. The area of ​​steppes and meadows is 1098 hectares, which is 67% of the total area of ​​the site. Virgin steppes occupy about 600 hectares. Since the 16th century, these steppes were owned by the Cossacks, who guarded the southern borders of the Russian state in the Kursk fortress and received these lands for faithful guard service. Communal use prevented plowing and virgin steppes have survived to this day.

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Bukreevy Barmy section. The Bukreevy Barmy site (259 hectares) became part of the reserve in 1969, located 100 km southeast of Kursk in the Timsky district near the village. Big Butyrki. Area of ​​steppes and meadows: 112 hectares, which is 43.2% of the total area of ​​the site. There are forests along the tops of the chalk hills and slopes.

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Barkalovka section. The Barkalovka site (365 hectares) became part of the Central Black Earth Nature Reserve in 1969, located in the Gorshechensky district, 120 km southeast of Kursk. Area of ​​steppes and meadows: 88 hectares, which is 24% of the total area of ​​the site.

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Zorinsky section. The Zorinsky section of the reserve has an area of ​​495.1 hectares and is located 70 km south of the estate in the Oboyansky district. The Zorino sphagnum bogs are located 8-9 km east of the city of Oboyan, near the village of Zorino, in the valley of the Pselets River. The Zorinsky site consists of open spaces with sphagnum bogs located on both sides of railway Oboyan-Rzhava. Scientists of the Central Black Earth Reserve began conducting scientific research in the Zorin swamps several years before they became part of the reserve. In 1998, the Zorinsky swamps became one of the sections of the reserve called the Zorinsky site.

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Psla Poima area. The Poima Psla site (481.3 hectares) is located 60 km from the estate in the Oboyansky district, half a kilometer from the Zorinsky site and is a floodplain complex of the Psel River. Reservoirs occupy 2% of the area, and swamps - almost half of the area. In the r. Psel is home to about 24 species of fish: bream, silver bream, chub, asp, ide, roach, rudd, carp, tench, golden crucian carp, silver crucian carp, etc. About 600 species of vascular plants grow on the site, 15 species of them are listed in the Red books of the Russian Federation and Kursk region. There are habitats of rare plant species (meat-red and bloody fingerroot, snow-white water lily).

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Flora and fauna of the reserve. In the relatively small territory of the Central Black Earth Reserve, 50 species of mammals have been registered: wolf, white-breasted hedgehog, brown hare, roe deer, fox, Strand mouse, American mink, common vole, and mole rat.

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Birds. Birds are the largest group of vertebrate animals in the reserve. According to the latest data, in the fauna of the Central Chernobyl Zone and its protective zone, there are 226 species of birds, this is about 80% of all birds in the Kursk region, of which more than 90 species nest in the reserve.

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Reptiles. The territory of the Central Black Earth Reserve is home to 5 species of reptiles (snapping and viviparous lizards, spindle, common grass snake and steppe viper), which makes up 50% of the reptile fauna of the Kursk region.