Description of nature in beautiful words. Description of nature in the works of I. S. Turgenev. Some interesting essays

How to describe nature, like the classics?

Written on this subject study guides, monographs, articles that provide examples, talk in detail about the language means, techniques, ways of depicting nature in literature, but the authors continue to ask the question. Why? Because in practice it is not so easy to understand, but HOW does it all work?

In my opinion, a “step-by-step” comparison, which I will resort to in my article, can help.

I must say right away that writers, like artists, can be portrait painters, battle painters, landscape painters, from landscape painters - marine painters, etc. Conditionally, of course.

Perhaps you are good at battle scenes, then you should not get hung up on landscape descriptions, it is quite possible to get by with accurate and understandable characteristics: “the sky darkened”, “it started to rain”, “sunny morning” and so on. With a few strokes indicate the time of year, time of day, place of action, weather and watch them change as the story progresses. As a rule, this is enough for the reader to understand what, where and under what circumstances is happening.

If you want the landscape to be not just a background, but a “speaking” background, a special character of the work (perhaps the main one), who can play a special role and occupy a special place in the plot, then, of course, you need to learn from the classics.

I want to offer you a study game, you will understand the principle and then you can do a step-by-step comparison yourself.

So, we have three small excerpts from the stories of famous landscape writers - Turgenev, Prishvin, Paustovsky.

The passages have three important things in common:

1. The story is told from the 1st person.

2. The same theme: the autumn morning begins.

3. All or some of the attributes of autumn: a feature of light, sky, leaf fall, breeze, birds.

Let's just read them carefully. As you read, you can note something special, in your opinion, for each author.

№ 1

I was sitting in a birch grove in autumn, about half of September. From the very morning a fine rain fell, replaced at times by warm sunshine; the weather was erratic. The sky was now all clouded over with loose white clouds, then it suddenly cleared in places for an instant, and then from behind the parted clouds a azure appeared, clear and tender, like a beautiful eye. I sat and looked around and listened. The leaves rustled a little over my head; one could tell from their noise what season it was then. It was not the cheerful, laughing thrill of spring, not the soft whispering, not the long talk of summer, not the timid and cold babble. late autumn but barely audible, drowsy chatter. A light wind blew a little over the tops. The inside of the grove, damp from the rain, was constantly changing, depending on whether the sun shone or was covered by a cloud; she would then light up all over, as if suddenly everything in her smiled: the thin trunks of not too frequent birches suddenly took on a delicate reflection of white silk, the small leaves lying on the ground suddenly became full of color and lit up with pure gold, and the beautiful stems of tall curly ferns, already painted in their autumn color , similar to the color of overripe grapes, they shone through, endlessly confused and intersecting before my eyes; then suddenly everything all around again turned slightly blue: the bright colors instantly went out, the birches stood all white, without shine, white, like freshly fallen snow, which the coldly playing ray of the winter sun had not yet touched; and furtively, slyly, the tiniest rain began to sow and whisper through the forest. The foliage on the birch trees was still almost all green, although it had noticeably turned pale; only in some places stood alone, young, all red or all gold, and one had to see how she flashed brightly in the sun when its rays suddenly made their way, sliding and variegated, through a frequent network of thin branches that had just been washed away by the sparkling rain. Not a single bird was heard: everyone took shelter and fell silent; only occasionally did the mocking voice of the tit tinkle like a steel bell.

№ 2

Leaf after leaf falls from the linden onto the roof, which leaf flies like a parachute, which moth, which cog. And meanwhile, little by little, the day opens its eyes, and the wind lifts all the leaves from the roof, and they fly to the river somewhere along with migratory birds. Here you stand on the shore, alone, put your hand to your heart and fly somewhere with your soul, along with the birds and leaves. And so it is sad, and so good, and you whisper softly: - Fly, fly!

It takes so long for the day to wake up that by the time the sun comes out, we've already had dinner. We rejoice in good warm day, but we are no longer waiting for a flying cobweb Indian summer: everyone scattered, and the cranes are about to fly, and there are geese, rooks - and everything will end.

№ 3

I woke up on a gray morning. The room was filled with a steady yellow light, like a kerosene lamp. The light came from below, from the window, and illuminated the log ceiling most brightly.

The strange light, dim and motionless, was unlike the sun. It was shining autumn leaves. During the windy and long night, the garden shed dry leaves, they lay in noisy piles on the ground and spread a dull glow. From this radiance, the faces of people seemed tanned, and the pages of the books on the table seemed to be covered with a layer of wax.

This is how autumn began. For me, it came right away this morning. Until then, I hardly noticed it: there was still no smell of rotten leaves in the garden, the water in the lakes did not turn green, and the burning hoarfrost did not yet lie in the morning on the plank roof.

Autumn has come suddenly. This is how a feeling of happiness comes from the most inconspicuous things - from a distant steamboat whistle on the Oka River or from a random smile.

Autumn came by surprise and took possession of the land - gardens and rivers, forests and air, fields and birds. Everything immediately became autumnal.

Every morning in the garden, as on an island, they gathered migratory birds. Whistling, screeching and croaking, there was a commotion in the branches. Only during the day it was quiet in the garden: restless birds flew south.

The leaf fall has begun. Leaves fell day and night. They then flew obliquely in the wind, then lay down vertically in the damp grass. The forests were drizzling with a rain of falling leaves. This rain has been going on for weeks. Only towards the end of September the copses were exposed, and through the thicket of trees the blue distance of the compressed fields became visible.

Surely you noticed interesting comparisons, bright epithets, something else ...

Note that although the descriptions are in 1st person, the narrators are fulfilling their task. Compare:

This is a good technique, not only to understand - from what person you need to write - but also to set the author's task for the narrator in order to convey the idea.

For some reason, many people believe that there is no special idea in the description of nature, except for the transfer of nature itself, but our example shows that it does not just exist, but should be, which distinguishes one text from another.

Epithets, comparisons, etc. are a must. It is widely believed that the autumn landscape, its colors should be conveyed by "color" epithets, imitating Pushkin's "forests dressed in crimson and gold."

But what about the classics? And they have this:

How so? In Paustovsky, colors do not play a special role at all, although the color is included in the title. Prishvin does not have them at all. Even in Turgenev, where the hero is a contemplative and must convey all beauty, color is mentioned only ten times, and out of ten white is four times, color conveys action twice, one is expressed by a noun, two are very conditional, and only “red” does not cause any doubt.

At the same time, the reader clearly feels and "sees" all the colors of autumn.

Each classic has its own reception.

Turgenev loves "cross-cutting" indirect and direct comparisons:

● "...because of the parted clouds, azure appeared, clear and gentle, like a beautiful eye."

● "... thin trunks of not too frequent birches suddenly took on a gentle reflection of white silk ..."

● "...beautiful stalks of tall curly ferns, already painted in their autumn color, similar to the color of overripe grapes, could be seen through, endlessly confused and intersecting before my eyes..."

In Paustovsky, direct comparisons often bring the object closer to the subject, that is, the attribute of autumn to the attributes of human life:

● "The room was filled with a steady yellow light, as if from a kerosene lamp."

● "From this radiance, people's faces seemed tanned, and the pages of books on the table seemed to be covered with a layer of wax."

However, for Paustovsky it is more important to show the suddenness of what is happening, the unexpected happiness of the autumn space, as a new horizon for a person.

Prishvin, on the other hand, chooses a certain “center”, “core”, around which the picture of the autumn morning is formed. In this passage, it is "flight". Words with the same root sound nine times, not being a tautology at all, but drawing, creating a pattern of autumn fast time.

Let's look at other, familiar to everyone, autumn attributes of the classics. You will see that the above techniques are repeated here.

The classics see the same thing that all people see in autumn, they always take this general (even standard), but convey it in their own way.

You can, of course, not use the general, but then be prepared for the fact that not all readers will perceive your autumn, if they recognize it at all.

However, if everything was limited only to this, we would not recognize the author by style.

Style is made by special features (there may be several), which are repeated from story to story, loved by the authors, filled with a special meaning - this is already a talent.

In Paustovsky, these are constructions with “not”, you yourself can calculate how many particles and prefixes “not” in the text: “The strange light - dim and motionless - was unlike the sun.”

Another oxymoron: "burning frost."

And, of course, contrasts: leaf fall / rain, the arrival of autumn / unexpected happiness, etc.

For Prishvin, this is an internal dialogue, a fusion of nature and man: “... put your hand to your heart and fly somewhere with your soul, along with birds and leaves.”

“Speaking” details, personifications: “flying cobweb of summer”, “day opens eyes”, leaf “flies like a parachute” ...

Turgenev has a “matryoshka” technique, when images are layered and create a picture:

1) The foliage is still green... → 2) it has turned pale somewhere... → 3) one of them is an autumn tree... → 4) it flares up from the beam... etc.

Even Turgenev often uses the “shifter” technique unpredictably, but accurately.

Here it is expressed by comparison: “... the birch trees were all white, without shine, white, like freshly fallen snow, to which the coldly playing ray of the winter sun had not yet touched ...”

And here, with an aptly found word: “The foliage on the birches was still almost all green, although it had noticeably turned pale; just stood alone somewhere young, all red or all gold, and it was necessary to see how it flashed brightly in the sun ... ”, - many would say this about a spring birch, and here about an autumn one - young, radiant.

So let's sum it up:

1. If you need nature only as a background, mark the time of year, time of day, place of action, weather conditions with a few strokes and follow their changes as the story progresses.

2. It is important not only to understand from what person nature should be written, but also to set the author's task for the narrator in order to convey only his own idea.

3. It is important to know the attributes, a general idea of ​​autumn, but to convey them using observation methods, associations, language tools, filling the images with their vision, meaning.

4. The choice of the “center”, “core”, around which the picture of nature unfolds, helps.

5. Nothing human is alien to anything and no one - the landscape too. Do not be afraid of man in the description of nature.

6. Look for your chips, do not forget about them, immediately write down the words, phrases that suddenly came to mind when you were walking in the forest.

7. Read, without it - in any way!

Of course, there are a great many techniques and ways to convey nature in a work. We have considered only three passages. The ability to see a beautiful comparison, epithet, personification in a book, appreciate it, admire it is good, but not enough. It is also important to learn how to compare, explore and, on this basis, look for your own. Good luck.

© Almond 2015

Description of nature

Karnaukhova Larisa Veniaminovna,
teacher of Russian language and literature
GBOU secondary school №583
Primorsky district of St. Petersburg

Lesson Objectives:

Training: get acquainted with the features of texts describing nature: composition, style of speech, language means;

Prepare for writing an essay, using the works of masters of the word (Russian poets and writers) as a sample.

Developing: to develop the mental and speech activity of students, the ability to analyze, compare, develop communication skills, creative abilities.

Educational: to cultivate a careful and responsible attitude to the word; sense of beauty; improve ethical interpersonal communication skills.

Based on the wording of the topic, form the objectives of the lesson.

Use key words:

1. Get to know ....

2. Study....

Problem tasks of the lesson:

How to write a description essay winter nature(how to create a description text, what means (language) to use; what parts will it consist of, in what style will it be written?)

Today at the lesson we will work in groups. Leaders organize the activities of the groups. A good beginning is an assistant to the cause.

Group work

1. Get acquainted with the features of the description of nature;

2. Prepare for writing an essay - a description of winter nature.

Checking the group assignment completed in the previous lesson. Each group worked with the text describing the nature of the exercises.

What is a landscape? Remind me. (Landscape is a description of nature.)

And with the help of what (besides words) can a landscape be created? (With the help of colors - painting, sounds - music)

Take a look at the reproduction of I Grabar's painting "February Blue". The artist used transparent, cold tones. The whole picture is permeated with a feeling of freshness, purity.

I. Grabar: “All nature celebrated some kind of holiday - the holiday of the azure sky, pearl birches, coral branches and sapphire shadows on lilac snow.”

What unites different types art?

(Love of writers, poets and artists to native nature, admiring its charms).

Well, we must describe the winter nature in words and choose them correctly.

Let us recall the words of K. Paustovsky:

“If the writer, while working, does not see behind the words what he is writing about, then the reader will not see anything behind him either. But if the writer sees well what he writes about, then the simplest and sometimes erased words acquire novelty, evoke in him those thoughts, feelings, state that the writer wanted to convey to him.

1 group worked with the concept of text. (textbook Russian language grade 6, Baranova N.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A., Trostentsova L.A. and others. exercise 277)

(Text by Ivan Bunin)

This statement is a text, since a text is a combination of sentences related in meaning and with the help of linguistic means.

That is, all the signs of the text are saved here:

1. Offers are mutually related;

2. There is semantic completeness;

3. There is intonation completeness;

4. Divided into parts.

The second part is bright, joyful colors.

In the third part - a description of the forest and its colors in the morning. (The deep shadow of the clearing, the blue shadow of the sledge track, the green crowns of the pines, the golden sunlight).

We called the text of Ivan Bunin - "Bright colors winter forest».

The essay should have a title that reflects the topic.

2 group worked with the concept of types of speech.

1. Narration - the image of successive actions. It consists of the beginning, the development of the action, the culmination (the highest moment of the action), the denouement. Questions that can be put to the narrative text: What happened? How did events develop?

Parts of speech: verbs predominate.

2. Description - the image of simultaneous signs of an object or phenomenon. Comprises:

1. General idea of ​​the subject;

2. Descriptions of details, parts;

Object of description: nature, man, animal, room.

Questions - what is the subject?

Parts of speech - adjectives predominate.

3. Reasoning is a type of speech that sets out the causes of phenomena or events, their interconnection. Comprises:

1. Thesis (a thought that needs to be proved);

2. Arguments (evidence), examples;

3. Conclusions.

Questions that can be asked for reasoning: why?

The speech type of this text is a description of a winter forest. The main idea is how bushes, stumps, branches look in a snowy forest. There are many adjectives in the text (a miserable bush, a tiny clearing, funny faces), comparisons (a bush that looks like a broom, brushwood looks like lace, fir branches like paws).

3 group worked with the concept of style of speech.

Conversational style; communication function, used in conversations, dialogues.

Features: ease, emotionality.

Colloquialisms, dialectisms are used.

scientific style; function-message, used in textbooks, scientific papers.

Features: accuracy, clarity.

Official business: function-message, used in documents, statements, regulations, laws.

Features: formality, accuracy.

journalistic; function-impact, used in newspaper or magazine articles, speeches.

Style fiction; function-emotionality;

It is used - in stories, novels, poems, poems.

Features: figurative and expressive means are used (epithets, metaphors, comparisons, personifications)

The text is a description of winter in a scientific style.

Winter is one of the four seasons.

The coldest time after autumn and before spring. (From dictionaries: Dictionary of the Russian language by Ozhegov and Shvedova and the dictionary of the living Great Russian language by V.I. Dahl)

The text is a conversational description of winter.

Went outside in the morning. Frost! Oh, and refrigeration! Oh! I'm running into the heat (Collusions, nouns with evaluative suffixes.)

In what style will you create your text?

So, we will learn how to create a text: a description of nature in an artistic style (that is, use various visual and expressive means).

Exercise.

Determine the season by its properties: long-awaited, magical, wonderful, dazzling, bewitching (winter).

With the help of what words will we highlight the qualities, signs of objects and phenomena? (epithets)

An epithet is an artistic, expressive definition.

Epithets convey sounds, meaning, color, mood, impression.

An epithet is an adjective in a figurative sense.

Exercise.

Let's see if each definition is an epithet. Each group works with two phrases, draws conclusions.

1. First group.

Stone building - stone face. (A building built of stone - a face that does not express any emotions (nothing), frozen).

Epithet: stone face, as in this case, in a figurative sense, the word stone is used in this expression. We think that the author uses this epithet to show something remarkable in a person's face, to create his image.

2.Second group

Golden ring- golden fire (A golden ring is a ring made of a precious stone-gold. The word is used in its literal sense. Golden fire is beautiful, brilliant, sparkling, similar to gold. The adjective is used figuratively.)

3.Third group

Deep lake- magic lake (Deep lake - the adjective denotes the size in depth, has direct meaning, is a simple notation). ( magic lake- the epithet means: the lake is charming, captivating, the author uses it to create an image, here the author's attitude to the lake is conveyed: admiration, admiration, joyful mood).

Outcome

Thus, the epithet not only highlights the properties, features of the subject, but also creates an image, conveys the attitude of the author, that is, it is a figurative and expressive means (linguistic).

Exercise: Write out epithets from poems, prose text, show their role.

First group:

K. Balmont: "Snowflake": description of a snowflake using epithets:

Light fluffy,

snowflake white,

What a pure

How brave!

Dear stormy

Easy to carry

Not in the sky azure,

Asking for the ground.

Azure miraculous

She left

Myself into the unknown

The country has fallen.

In the rays of shining

Slides, skillful,

Among the melting flakes

Preserved white.

Under the blowing wind

Trembling, uplifting,

On him, cherishing,

Light swings.

his swing

She is comforted

With his blizzards

Spinning wildly.

But here it ends

The road is long

touches the earth,

Crystal star.

lies fluffy,

Snowflake is bold.

What pure, What white!

The epithets of K. Balmont give the description of a snowflake musicality, draw the image of a snowflake, convey the author's admiration, admiration, feelings - joy, surprise, charm.

Question: What mood do we get? (fabulous, light)

Second group

Nikolai Brown's poem:

Is it snow flying from the heights

To forests, fields and thickets,

Is he like dead chalk,

Only white, white, white?

All needle-like from the frost,

At dawn it is soft pink,

He is far away, in the shadows, in the valley

Blue and even blue!

Snow is described using epithets: needle snow, pale pink snow, blue snow, blue snow.

The first epithet denotes the similarity of snow with needles in shape, the epithets pale pink, blue, blue are color epithets that show the richness of colors winter snow, paint a picture of winter nature with words, make it possible to feel the colorfulness, multicolored nature of Russian nature.

There is a mood of surprise, solemn and beautiful.

Third group

Ivan Shmelev "Summer of the Lord"

“What a beauty! The first star, and then another ... There are more and more stars. And what stars! Mustachioed, alive, fighting, pricking the eye. There is frost in the air, through it the stars are larger, shining with different lights - blue, crystal, blue and green ...

Freezing! The snow is blue, strong, squeaks thinly. On the street - snowdrifts, mountains. And the air is blue, silvered with dust, smoky, starry.

Snow is blue and hard.

The air is smoky, starry.

The epithets are mostly color, convey the elegance of winter nature, create a sense of celebration.

Language means are distinguished by their expressive power in conveying thoughts and feelings, they convey excitement, colorfulness, emotionality - all this allows you to visualize the picture vividly and vividly.

Collective planning.

1. Winter has come.

2. Snow, trees, forest, sky, sun, air, patterns - a winter picture.

3. Winter mood (festive, cheerful, cheerful, cheerful, warm)

What main images will help you draw a verbal winter landscape?

Air - quiet, transparent, frosty, silvery.

Forest - silent, bewitched.

Winter - fabulous, magical, formidable, cruel, amazing, wonderful, magical, sorceress, sorceress.

Snow - shiny, New Year's, fabulous, fluffy, silvery.

Reflection.

We live close to nature, which soothes, pleases, exalts the soul.

Nature is a source of mysteries and secrets, but they are revealed only to a keen eye and a sensitive heart. Today you all were just like that, stay the same, and then you will discover all the riches of Russian nature that can be expressed with the help of words.

Questions:

1. What have we learned?

2. What is this knowledge useful for?

3. Have we reached the goal?

4. What difficulties have arisen?

Among the many feelings, select 1-2 (delight, joy, surprise)

Applications for the lesson.

Group rules.

1. Listen to your partner carefully.

2. Ask and clarify to be sure that you understood him correctly.

3. Highlight positive responses first.

4. When in difficulty, ask for help from a partner, helping yourself if you are asked.

5. Remember: together you will do much more than either individually.

The following educational technologies were used in the lesson:

Differentiated learning technologies that allowed the teacher to take into account individually - psychological features children by area of ​​interest, by level of achievement ( mental development), by personal types (type of thinking, character, temperament).

This was facilitated by the separation of children for group work, differentiated tasks (according to the level of complexity) for each of the groups;

Collaboration technology that helped provide joint activities teachers and students on the basis of mutual understanding, democratization (work in groups to complete tasks on the text, speech styles);

The technology for the development of critical thinking, which enabled students not only to perceive information meaningfully, but also to analyze it, highlight the main and secondary, draw conclusions (comparative tasks for identifying epithets and definitions).

Research technology - search, identification of problems that ensured the mental activity of students, developed independence (for example, assignments to identify problems and objectives of the lesson);

Game technologies. Used in class entertaining game: recognize the subject by the attribute - determine the time of the year by the adjective.

Summer is a wonderful time of the year. Long sunny days replaced by short warm nights. Most often the weather is clear, and the boundless blue sky stretches overhead. The trees are lavishly dressed in bright green robes. Under them, grass grows thickly everywhere, dotted with colorful lights of summer flowers - poppies, bluebells, clover, tansy, chamomile, marigolds ... And above them butterflies flutter and all sorts of goosebumps buzz.

Summer decorates gardens and orchards. Juicy cherries ripen, followed by apricots and peaches. Large red strawberries lean low to the ground. Gradually

"burn" in the rays summer sun recently green tomatoes. Here and there cucumbers are tied on the arches. The tenacious thorny branches of the blackberry are completely dotted with sweet dark purple, almost black berries. And so everywhere - a riot of color, a feast of fertility, a pleasant feeling of warmth and comfort.

Summer has a wonderful sonorous voice - it is singing high in the sky or birds hidden in the branches of trees - the maestro nightingale, the morning lark, the cheerful chatterer-sparrow. And in the late afternoon, the music of summer changes - the chorus of crickets enters, which does not stop until the morning.

And even the rain in summer is warm and gentle. Under the tent of the low

The cloud of air becomes hot. Cool raindrops wash away dust from roads and foliage, making it sparkle with an even purer emerald glow.

Summer is bright, colorful… June is not like August, and July has something to please the eye. high clear sky, warm clear water rivers, ripe fruits, saturated colors around... There is no person in the world who would not love summer!

(5 ratings, average: 4.00 out of 5)

Essays on topics:

1. Summer is my favorite season of the year. Not because the longest holidays begin, but because it's warm. In the summer there is...
2. Night hid behind a magic cloud, and a pink morning descended on the earth. The sun is about to rise. Its rays are already lit on...
3. Here comes the spring. And with the advent of spring, all nature around is transformed. At first, the days increase, and the temperature gradually rises by ...

How you will be understood by others largely depends on the ability to correctly express your thoughts. It is for this reason that the Russian language is one of the main subjects school curriculum. It begins with calligraphy in the first grade and is taught throughout the entire period of study. For many, it is quite problematic to learn to write without errors - this is evidenced by the culture of a person’s speech, the way he expresses himself and speaks. Some educators believe that the ability to speak correctly largely determines the literacy of the individual and his ability to express his thoughts. It is for this reason that the educational program is aimed rather not at memorizing the rules of the Russian language, but at developing the ability to stylistically correctly build one's reasoning. To this end, the school conducts a large number of works aimed at the description. Their examples are quite simple: or, say, how the child spent the holidays.

Such tasks allow the student to develop the ability to correctly select the right words and, as a result, to express themselves correctly.

What is a description

A description is any passage of text or saying that reveals the meaning of what is seen or heard. In fact, the same description of nature comes down to the verbal transfer of what he saw to paper. As a rule, for the first time a person encounters this type of text at school in Russian language lessons. Modern educational programs are constructed in such a way that junior middle school students, namely the fifth or sixth grade, write essays in which they need to make, for example, a description of flowers or a person. In fact, there is nothing difficult or unusual in such a task, however, the child may have certain difficulties for the reason that he has never described anything in a coherent text before.

Types of description

In general, all descriptions can be conditionally divided into two large groups: living and non-living. The first type should include people, animals, plants, nature, in a word, everything that can be considered animated. The second type is also quite common: this includes a description of the city, seasons, things, technology. Despite such a division, the ways of narrating can overlap, since in the works there must certainly be some literary presentation, involving the use of means of artistic expression. Of course, this comes with time, and the first compositions will not at all look like perfectly written texts. But with the proper level of erudition of the child, over time, he will learn to depict anything with suitable words, whether it is a description of nature or a person.

Description plan

Despite the fact that in the lessons the teacher is obliged to give the students the plan according to which the description should be made, examples of such work may be different. Let's try to consider a certain universal way of writing such essays. First, you need to highlight for yourself the main points on which the structure of the work will be built, namely the introduction, main part, conclusion or conclusion.

It is important to note that in such works is absent. This is logical, because it is difficult to single it out if the task is, for example, a description of a city. Each part has its own size. The introduction is short, a couple of general sentences that set the tone for the entire essay. The main part is more detailed, here will be the main points. The conclusion is general impression from the described object. In the introduction, it should be said about how the object was created - if it is a picture, then by whom and when it was painted, if it is a building, then who is its architect. The main part will be discussed below, and in the conclusion, as a rule, they write about whether they liked or disliked the object and why.

How to Express Your Thoughts

When writing such a work, it is very important how the author will lead the story. One of the most successful methods of description is the choice of the brightest details and their detailed analysis. There is another way, which consists in a general overview of all available details. Here it is very important to guess if, for example, the Artist could make a certain accent that needs to be caught. In this case, the description will be bright. Still very important point is that it is necessary to accurately select expressions so that the reader of the work can clearly imagine the described object. Of course, such skill is inherent only to talented writers, but with hard work you can achieve good results.

Description at school

The most acute issue is school descriptions, since it is here that the first difficulties are revealed. In general, only some types of work are used in tasks, having analyzed them, you can successfully cope with any task. How to do this will be the subject of the second part of the article. As a rule, description tasks are based on various paintings by famous artists.

For sure artistic description nature is what every student first encounters. There is no need to be afraid of this, because there is a certain plan, following which you can cope with the task without much difficulty. So, there is a task that requires a description. Let's look at examples below.

Description of the landscape

First, you must follow exactly the plan that was presented above. We are interested in the main part, since it causes the largest number questions. There is such a rule: when describing any picture, you should move in one direction. What does it mean? Everything is pretty simple. If there is a landscape, then it is necessary to describe objects, for example, from top to bottom or vice versa. This will allow you not to forget a single detail and get a holistic view of the picture. Further, when moving, it is required to select any object and describe its position in the overall composition, not forgetting to use expressions, as this will make the presentation more literary.

Also important is the way the author called his picture. From this we can conclude what should be paid special attention. If, for example, he called the painting "Summer", this means that you should pay attention to all the attributes of this season and try to find them on the canvas. In this case, the description of the summer will be quite successful. For example, a description of such a picture may briefly look like this: “In the painting by artist N, we see a picturesque landscape captured in a hot summer season. The sun is at its zenith, so we can conclude that it is noon now. The weather is calm, there is no wind , do not move. The bright colors on the field emphasize that now is June - the juiciest time" and so on.

Description of people

The second most popular task is the description of various portraits. In fact, it is not much different from any other species, but the principle here is slightly different. If you want to make an example, you can consider in any work of classical literature. The professional author easily "runs" through appearance hero, examining his clothes, face and focusing on some distinguishing features which brings the story to life. This technique will look very advantageous in any work. But it is necessary to have a sense of proportion, namely, not to dwell on one detail. The very essence of the description is to most accurately convey the main features of the object in the shortest possible time.

Description of plants

A favorite topic of many artists is the image of plants, which is why one often has to face the problem of describing them. Here you should pay attention to the fact that, as a rule, such objects are small in size, so the author of the picture focuses on the details.

Description of colors can serve a prime example. If the picture is a still life, then you will have to try to notice all the features that the artist conveyed. Dew drops, broken stamens or petals irregular shape- all these are those important details that convey the mood of the picture, and, therefore, they should be reflected in the description. In general, there are no cardinal differences. The only thing to pay attention to is the paints. The color of a plant can play a rather significant role, so it is necessary to turn to materials that reveal the meaning of color symbols.

Other descriptions

In addition to the notorious pictures, another type of task can be a description of the holidays. Probably, everyone wrote about how he spent them, without fail including a description of the summer in his story. Here it is worth paying attention to some general details that are associated with a particular season, something that anyone can easily imagine. Then the work will look very advantageous.

Conclusion

Of course, you can give a lot of advice on how to write a description. Examples will not be superfluous, but they can be. When writing any work, style is very important. Its presence in most cases can significantly help, even if a person does not have the information. Borrowing other people's thoughts can lead to blunting the writing talent that everyone has. And this, in turn, is fraught with the fact that in high school or on exams it will be difficult for the student to concentrate and correctly express his thoughts. If a child is independently able to complete the description of an object, it means that he not only knows how to correctly express his thoughts, but does it confidently and quickly. Undoubtedly, this needs to be learned, and only practice will be useful here. Knowing the Russian language is the duty of every citizen of Russia.

If I were suddenly asked how to correctly describe nature in fics, and even in fantasy ones, I would shrug my shoulders in bewilderment. But to the question of how you describe her, mother, I would answer - like this, as I will write below. Therefore, I do not assume the importance of considering all options I will mention only those that I use. We must immediately take into account that there are few Prishvins and Paustovskys among us, not to mention the Turgenevs with their hunting notes, and yet nature has no bad weather, but without nature, the fic obviously loses something. Let's think about why: 1) Yes, because we are all children of nature and live in it, even if there is no tree visible outside the window. After all, nature is everything: the sky, the sun and water, and our heroes always come into contact with them, relatives. 2) Because the description of nature is beautiful, if you choose the right epithets and, in general, be able to correctly look at the world around us. 3) Because with words we are trying to create a picture in the mind of the reader, and in this picture, as in a photograph, there is always a background - and in most cases - this is nature. 4) Because in fiction we are trying to reveal the feelings of the characters, and comparison with nature helps us to better convey experiences. Remember only from the literature lessons of poor Prince Bolkonsky with his oak tree! 5) And so on and so forth ... Each of us can write a certain number of points that are especially significant for him personally. And this is good. Means - the description of the nature is really necessary. I now turn to my understanding of the necessity of nature, namely where and when I include my descriptions. In order not to go far from the application, I will immediately describe the need for descriptions of nature in fantasy. In this genre, we introduce the reader to a fictional world and, like a child, explain our fantasy to him by means of comparison with the reality around us. Like, here we have a blue sky, and they have purple-pink, as if at sunset. The picture in the brain clicked - the passage was a success. Or we describe a world that is very similar to the one in which we live, then with descriptions of nature we confirm given fact. In general, nature in fantasy is necessary to immerse the reader in a new, unknown world. So, from here we immediately deduce a fad of a descriptive nature: 1) The description of nature creates a picture before our eyes, so it is important here not to spread our thoughts along the tree, but to immediately find the oak tree that is in the foreground in the picture. Here it is sometimes enough to describe the color of the sky, the number of trees in the background and the state of the grass on this moment. Non-Prisvin Reader from over detailed description tired. But the sophisticated reader can be killed right here on the spot by the richness of the language that opens in the descriptive part of nature - the gossamer trembled like a thin shawl on the shoulders of a girl ... Or better, like Yesenin's - as if I galloped on a pink horse in spring early early ... Where did it come from pink horse, you ask? Yes, many critics at first believed that it was just for rhythm and rhyme, that is, a beautiful word, but it turned out that White horse at dawn it is indeed pink, but only the observant eye of the poet caught it and put it into words. Therefore, for good descriptions you need not only a rich language, but also observation - you can wander the streets and take pictures, or you can simply save your favorite photos of nature found on the Internet to an album, and then, like at school, write an essay from the picture. So, it's time to put an end to it, because you can talk about pictures forever. 2) The second point is very close to me - I try to enhance the drama of the narration by nature, that is, two types of comparisons go into work: - nature suffers or rejoices along with the hero. Like, according to Rosenbaum, "nature was saddened by rains." Here we will describe a gloomy sky and a gloomy face, raindrops flowing down the cheeks mixed with tears, and now the reader is crying with the hero, because nature itself sympathizes with him. - nature does not care, that is, the hero is crying, and the sunbeams are laughing in the yard. This is very appropriate when the heroes are not understood by the world - neither people nor nature cares about them. Yet sometimes the contrast also reveals the depth of the experience. Like, he would now be jumping with sparrows through the spring puddles, but he doesn’t even have the strength to lift his leg to step over this very puddle. 3) Point - reflective. The hero sits and looks at nature, like the same Prince Andrei. So I, too, became covered with a crust and tired of life - beautiful on top and rotten inside. Excellent - that's the place of action and the state of the hero. Well, something like this. Perhaps not quite what the author wanted, but I tried to write a drabble. If someone likes it, I will gladly develop each point. While that's the case, brainstorming on the topic of the application. Thanks everyone for reading! And good weather in your fics!