This article will focus on the psychosomatic causes of poor vision, and will also give some recommendations for changing the ways of thinking, which caused visual impairment.

Our eyes are not just one of the sense organs, they are completely responsible for our perception and vision of things both around us and in ourselves. Eyes - personify the ability to clearly see the past, present and future. If vision is impaired, the perception of reality and oneself as they are is impaired. Visual impairment is an unwillingness to see or notice certain things around oneself (nearsightedness) or in oneself (farsightedness), as well as in life in general.

Psychosomatic causes of poor vision

Aggressive emotions such as hatred, anger, anger accumulate in the soul, and they create problems with the eyes, because the eyes are the mirror of the soul. Such people are prevented from seeing the good by their pride and stubbornness. They do not understand that they see the bad in their world only because they look at the world through the prism of their aggressive emotions. There is only one way out - to clear your perception of negative thinking, patterns and prejudices, then the world will become a better place. Create for yourself a world that you would be pleased to look at.

The eyes are where sadness is released. Vision problems occur when sadness is not fully poured out. Therefore, the eyes get sick both in those who cry constantly and in those who never cry. When people reproach their eyes for seeing only one unpleasant thing, the foundation of an eye disease is laid.

Poor vision is a direct consequence of a suppressed desire not to see something and (or) someone. Visual impairment is a signal (metaphor, message) that the need and need for something and someone not to see has become unbearable, and there is no way to satisfy it (i.e. avoid a harmful stimulus).

Losing sight, a person receives a “secondary benefit” for this, that is, he gains the opportunity not to see intently what he does not want to see, and over time this develops into the benefit of not doing something (for example, doing small work with farsightedness). He cannot (or rather does not allow himself) to manage his life in such a way that the stimulus disappears from his field of vision, so that by weakening his vision, he facilitates psychological experience (compensation takes place).

Forced to see what he does not want to see, a person creates a contradiction between the parts of his experience.(good vision on the one hand and "bad" psychological vision on the other), - and his good eyesight equates to "bad psychological sight"(synchronization).

And finally, it is obvious that the person thereby generates rigid programs of "bad" visual experience in his mind(it manifests itself in the words: “I don’t want to see you”, “get out of my eyes”, “my eyes wouldn’t see you”, “and don’t show yourself in my eyes”, “it’s sickening to see you”, “it hurts to look at all this " And so on and so forth).

It is no coincidence that, according to statistics, young people's vision deteriorates, as a rule, with a minus sign ( myopia or myopia) and in the elderly - with a plus sign(farsightedness). Older people have a lot of past, and in the past there is a lot of pain, disappointments, mistakes and all that you don’t want to see in yourself. And for young people it is a fear of “prospects”, a fear of the future.

Another reason for the deterioration of vision is associated with the establishment of a forced physical boundary at a glance distance. Such boundaries are the walls of houses, fences, books, monitor and TV screens, etc. (there are even studies confirming that the more densely populated the city and the less space it has (the house literally stands on the house), the statistically worse the eyesight of its inhabitants).

There is always an obstacle in front of your eyes, on which you focus your eyes. The eyes, meeting constant obstacles, train to see only up to a certain distance ( a common person, waking up, does not see beyond the walls, going out into the street immediately fixes his eyes under his feet, in public transport looks at the book, at work - at the monitor and vice versa).

Many eyes are simply not trained to look beyond a few meters.(that is why, when working with the vision restoration system, I insist not only to completely abandon glasses, but also to relieve the eyes as much as possible). This distance is set unconsciously by the person himself in order to isolate himself from something external.(for example, do not see real world beyond your book, TV or computer game).

Visual impairment can also be associated with the type and style of thinking. In addition to our eyes, we have another kind of “eyes”, which are able to see at any distance and overcome any obstacles, which see equally well both at night and during the day. These "eyes" are our minds.

The mind is capable of modeling visual sensations without any connection to the fact that in this moment time see our own eyes. A person who reads a lot, dreams of an unrealizable, fantasy future, or often draws pictures of the past, all the time creates visual pictures in his head that are not in reality (not here and now). Over time, his eyes (physical vision) actually become a sensory vestige of psychological vision. The true visual function is oppressed all the time, roughly speaking, as unnecessary, and visual impairment occurs.

People who live all the time "here and now" have very little chance of ruining their eyesight. That is, because most of the time they use only physiological vision, and very little - vision, so to speak, psychological.

It was a generalization of several of the most adequate theories of visual impairment. And now, for convenience, I will analyze each of the cases of visual impairment separately.

Myopia

With myopia, a person does not see far, but sees well near - this means that a person is concentrated on himself and on his immediate environment. It is usually difficult (or scary) for people with myopia to look into the future, to make long-term plans (i.e. they do not see a picture of their life in a year, in five, ten years), it is difficult for them to predict the consequences of their actions.

In this case, a person needs to develop the skill of building his long-range plans, and in addition to expand the scope of his interests to a larger area (for example, to begin to be interested in world events, etc.)

In the case of farsightedness, people experience fear of the future, the inability to perceive it objectively. b, distrust of what awaits them ahead, a sense of constant danger, alertness, hostility of the world towards them. Such people do not see the future.

In addition, myopia develops in people prone to generalization and schematization of reality.. Those of its realities that do not fit into their logical structure are ignored.

Myopia often suffers from people who are too focused on themselves and hardly perceive other people's ideas (they see and perceive only ideas “close” to them in spirit, and those that are “far away” do not see, do not perceive, do not allocate space for them in the world). They have limited vision.

Myopia can also mean fixation on the external, on the form, on the surface., the presence of rigid stereotypes of perception that interfere with the objective perception of reality.

“Nearsighted” people are constantly judging other people, and they literally can’t see beyond their own noses. They don’t like what they see around them, they don’t notice either this beautiful world or beautiful people, but they see only the negative, which is why they unconsciously chose “not to see” (there is nothing to look at, there is nothing good there). In fact, what myopic people do not like about the world and people around them is just a reflection of their own behavior.

The psychological causes of visual impairment can also be determined based on the period in which it began to fall:

For example, some develop myopia as early as early school or preschool age. The reasons are that they have a lot of negativity at home, in the family, in the relationship of their parents - quarrels, screams, even beatings. It is painful for a child to see this, because for him his parents are the closest people, and he himself cannot influence the situation. And as a psychological defense, his eyes weaken, myopia helps him dull the pain, "not seeing" what is happening. This is one of the reasons.

There is also a reverse option. For example, d oma, before school or kindergarten, a harmonious atmosphere reigns in the child's family, good and respectful relations between parents, the child receives love and support. Having got used to such an attitude, he finds himself in a team where conditions are completely different - no one loves him just like that, he has to fulfill certain conditions in order to achieve a good attitude from teachers and friendship from classmates.

The model of the world that he learned in the family turns out to be absolutely different from the “big” world, and he himself turns out to be not ready for reality. The child does not want to put up with what he now sees, is experiencing stress, pain. As a result, this leads to the fact that he develops myopia - and he can clearly see only what is next to him, fencing himself off from the injustice and cruelty around.

For many, visual impairment occurs during puberty. Adolescents are faced with the topic of self-identification with their gender and, accordingly, many fears arise on these issues: how boys look like men, and girls like women, whether they will succeed as partners and choose them as partners, etc., if it is very difficult for a teenager to look into the above areas, as a result, vision falls.

Such teenagers are afraid of becoming adults, as they are alarmed and frightened by what they see in the adult world (example: they do not like the lifestyle of the adults who surround him, they want a different fate and live differently, but in fact they simply avoid growing up , not wanting to see their future).

If your eyesight began to deteriorate during graduation ( first year of college) this may mean that you are afraid of joining a new, more adult community.

During the period of graduation from the institute, young people, as well as before the institute, have a fear of adult life, a fear of not taking place in the professional field - “children's games are over, here it is.” adulthood”, in this case, fear also blocks vision.

IN in general terms mechanism is clear. And it also works in adults, since most of our states we take out of childhood without much revision.

Sometimes myopia is not associated with fears of the future and prospects. In this case, it is necessary to understand at what age vision began to fall, because. perhaps at this age some event happened that was hard to look at and the person “chosen” due to his vision “not to look” at this event.

If vision has not returned to normal with age, then the theme of the event or period for a person is still subconsciously relevant. In this case, it is necessary to deal with the event or period that was difficult for him to look at or was difficult to accept, survive.

For example, if your eyesight fell during puberty and never recovered after that, then you still do not accept yourself as an adult man / woman and do not take on the functions associated with these roles. Or if vision has fallen sharply after childbirth - the key to recovery in motherhood(in relation to oneself as a mother, in relation to a child, in accepting the role of a mother, etc.).

Recommendations: in order to correct your vision (nearsightedness), you need to get rid of the fear that caused visual impairment. This may not be one fear, but several at once, for example, vision began to fall during puberty, it worsened a little more at the institute and became completely ill after childbirth. Each of these periods is accompanied by certain fears that could not be accepted..

It is necessary to open up to new ideas coming from outside, to accept the points of view of other people.(not to fix rigidly on your view of the world, but to allow several opinions to exist in parallel). You need to learn how to solve problems as they arise and stop expecting the worst from the future..

Such fears are actually caused not by objective reality, but by the excessive activity of your imagination.. Learn to look to the future with optimism. Learn also to listen respectfully to other people's opinions, even if they don't match yours.

farsightedness

With farsightedness, a person sees well in the distance and does not see close, which means that a person is interested in what is happening in the world, in a distant environment, his distant plans are interesting, and not interested in looking at yourself and your immediate environment(I'm interested in something global, but everyday little things are so annoying that I don't want to see them). Therefore, farsightedness is considered an age-related ailment, since in old age a person, for one reason or another, does not accept himself, the age-related changes that occur to him or in his immediate environment. Your life seems to become boring, and the world and the distant environment become more interesting.

According to statistics, farsightedness occurs earlier in women than in men.. And this is understandable, women are harder to accept their age-related changes.

In modern medicine, it is considered a normal physiological phenomenon when the deterioration of accommodation starts from about the age of 45 years. “Normal” here means only that, according to statistical studies, people over 45 years of age are far more likely to suffer from farsightedness than people under 45 years of age. Interestingly, the word "accommodation" means "accommodation" or "process of adaptation."

Therefore, we can assume that those who find it difficult to adapt to what is happening suffer from age-related farsightedness. It is hard for them to look at themselves in the mirror, to see how their beloved body is aging, to feel less and less attractive, they believe that aging is only a deterioration. Perhaps it is even harder for them to see the situation that is developing in their own family or at work.

People with farsightedness worry too much about everything that happens around them and are too attached to the physical dimension. Because of this, their inner vision is weakened, and they do not see their significance, acquired along with experience for long years.

Far-sighted people go overboard with their good intentions. They want to see far, they want to get a lot at once, but they don’t want to see a little (everyday little things). If a person demands from others, including the state, to ensure his future, then his eyesight deteriorates, since he does not see that everyone must first of all arrange his own life.

Recommendations: Farsighted people need to learn to accept themselves, look at themselves with love and live in the here and now. Don't forget that your future depends on how you feel about your life today. Learn to adapt to the people and situations that appear in your life, and this will greatly improve its quality, and at the same time your eyesight.

Far-sighted people in life must first of all learn to enjoy the little things, then life will be able to entrust them with more. In order to move forward, they should first look at their feet and only then direct their gaze into the distance (after all, you can not see the obstacle under your nose, blurt out, and eventually get nowhere).

Astigmatism

With astigmatism, a person has his own stable view of life, and it is correct for him, and all other opinions are not true for him (hence the splitting of the visual picture arises: one image is an objective reality, the second is subjective, and their imposition on each other friend does not occur). People with astigmatism need to accept that other points of view are also correct and start accepting them. Astigmatism can also be a signal of fear of actually seeing yourself.

color blindness

When a person does not see colors / colors, it means that a person subconsciously excludes this / these colors from his life for some reason. It is necessary to figure out what certain colors symbolize for a person that he has excluded from his life (not their generally accepted symbolism is important, but their personal meaning for a person).

When a person confuses close shades, it means that a person sees his life in polar colors., and shades as nuances of life does not see or does not want to see.

When a person confuses contrasting colors, it means that a person’s life does not have rainbow colors and as if everything in life is one for him.

The situation with diseases is different in children under three years of age. A child under three years of age is psychologically in a strong connection with his mother and does not yet identify himself as a separate person, therefore, all diseases in a child under three years old are maternal diseases.

Those. a child under three expresses through his body(in this case eye disorders) mother's problems and if the mother deals with these symptoms as her own and deals with them, the child will no longer need to show the symptoms of the mother.

Conjunctivitis (styes or eye inflammation)

From the point of view of psychosomatics, the symptoms of this disease mean that something happens in a person’s life that causes irritation, anger, hatred and resentment in him, and the person does not agree with what is happening (this can be a situation, a person, etc.) and he does not want to see this annoying factor.

The reasons are not important, the main thing is that a person experiences a feeling of irritation and anger. The stronger negative emotions, the more intense the inflammation. Your aggression comes back to you and hits you in the eyes. In this case, if a person identifies what factors cause him feelings of irritation or anger and deal with these factors (either, finally, he accepts annoying factors, or removes them from his field of vision), the body will not need a symptom of conjunctivitis.

Sometimes the manifestation of gloating, malicious thinking can lead to inflammation. After all, what is the evil eye? This is a wish for evil on another person. And it will show up in your eyes.

Strabismus

When a person sees normally with both eyes, both pictures are synchronously superimposed on one another. With strabismus, a person sees two different pictures, from different angles of view. And his subconscious is forced to choose one. This is how a one-sided view of things is formed..

Versatile strabismus in a child means that he sees conflicting messages from his parents. For example, when a mother wants one thing from a child, and a father wants another, and when parents are equivalent for a child, i.e. he cannot set a priority between mom and dad, a situation occurs when the child does not know who to listen to, and his eyes diverge in the literal sense.

Convergent strabismus. Unlike versatile strabismus, the cause of convergent strabismus is is the receipt by the child of conflicting messages from educators of the same sex(for example, mothers and grandmothers) and the child also cannot set priorities, and therefore, at the physical level, the above psychological “disturbance” can be expressed in the convergence of the eyes to one point.

Strabismus in adults means that a person looks with one eye into real reality, and with the other either into an “illusory reality” or into some “other world”. In this case, I put an esoteric meaning into the concept of "another world". Strabismus in adults means the fear of looking at the present right here and now.

Glaucoma

In glaucoma, intraocular pressure increases, severe pain in the eyeball. It literally hurts to see. A person is pressed by old resentments against people, against fate, some kind of mental pain, he does not forgive the wounds inflicted on him in the past. By stubbornly not wanting to forgive, you only hurt yourself.

Glaucoma signals to a person that he is exposing himself to intense internal pressure. Blocks out your feelings. In this case, it is very important to learn how to express your emotions, to give vent to your feelings. This disease is always associated with sadness. If glaucoma is accompanied by a headache, this means that the process of increasing this very sadness is underway.

Congenital glaucoma - the mother had to endure a lot of sadness during pregnancy. She was greatly offended, but she clenched her teeth and endured everything, but she cannot forgive. Sorrow lived in her even before pregnancy, and during it she attracted injustice, from which she suffered and became vengeful. She drew to her a child with an identical mentality, whose debt of karma was given the opportunity to be redeemed. Congenital glaucoma means being overwhelmed and overwhelmed by these feelings.

Cataract

Inability to look ahead with joy. The future is shrouded in darkness. Why do cataracts usually occur in older people? Because they do not see anything joyful in their future. It is "foggy". What awaits us there, in our future? Old age, sickness and death (so they say). Yes, there seems to be nothing to be happy about. This is how we program ourselves in advance to suffer at this age. But our old age and our departure from this world, like everything else, depend only on ourselves, on the thoughts and moods with which we meet them.

dry eyes

Refusal to see, to experience the feeling of love. I would rather die than forgive. The person is malevolent, caustic, unfriendly.

vision loss

The emergence in memory and the scrolling of some bad events.

Vision loss due to aging is the reluctance to see the annoying little things in life. An aged person wants to see the great things that have been done or achieved in life. If he does not understand that life begins with small things that are just as important as big ones, since one cannot exist without the other, and begins to hate these small things, then they will annoy him more and more. Although vision is deteriorating so that a person cannot see the little things, as he wants, but the person does not like it. He does not want to see the little things, but for some reason he puts on glasses so that he can see them. Anger contributes to more and more weakening of vision. Whoever stops wasting himself on trifles, appreciating time in old age, can wear glasses of the same optical power for decades. And if an aged person stops paying attention to the little things in life, because he feels that they have lost their meaning for him, then his vision begins to improve. What is a trifle? Yes, everything that is of little importance to you has been published.

Ksenia Golitsyna

If you have any questions, ask them

P.S. And remember, just by changing your consumption, we are changing the world together! © econet

Margarita Melnikova

For whom is it harder: blind from birth or late blind people?

A few years ago, in the hospital ward of one of the ophthalmological centers, I heard such a dialogue.
“It’s good for you, you have always been blind, you just don’t know what vision is, but I just recently became blind!” Said a woman in her fifties who lost her sight as a result diabetes.
“Yeah, nothing good, you’ve had the happiness of seeing this world for almost your entire adult life, but I haven’t!” Answered a girl of about twenty.

"So what! Yes, it would be better if I never saw it at all, I would get used to it, adapt, and so ... I lost my job, and my husband left, and I became stupid right before my eyes! ”, The woman objected.
“Oh, as a child, I was deprived of communication because of blindness, I didn’t run in the yard, I didn’t watch cartoons with other guys, I didn’t go to the circus,” the girl answered.

The interlocutors then argued for a long time, each tried to prove her case, although, it is clear that both of them are right in their own way and at the same time both are wrong. For whom is it harder, who is in a more "winning" situation - a person who was born blind or who lost his sight at a conscious age?

In order not to torment the reader with vain hopes for the only true answer, I’ll say right away that there can be no talk of any “winning” position, any concept of “better”, “worse”. It is difficult for both interlocutors from the above dialogue, but in both cases there are advantages, no matter how cruel it sounds.

1. When a person loses sight at a conscious age, it is a serious psychological trauma for him, and the later it happens (I'm not talking about old age), the more severe the injury. It is especially difficult to survive the loss in youth and maturity. Suppose a person studies or works, takes a certain social status in society and suddenly ... blow! Blindness! Or maybe not a stroke, but a gradual deterioration of vision. In the latter case, the loss is a little easier to bear, the person understands, gets used to, adapts to new conditions. Most often, some people who were previously considered friends turn away from a person who has lost his sight, he is fired from work, sometimes even close people refuse him (spouse (s), less often - parents). A blind person finds himself, as it were, in a social vacuum, and in an informational one too.

2. A person who has lost his sight retains important “visual reflexes”: he can more easily learn to walk with a cane, since he approximately, or even accurately, remembers the plan of the area in which he lives; the visual picture of the world (city, district, objects) is preserved.

3. It is much harder for a late blind person to find a job again according to his qualifications. Such people most often get a job at the UPP (special enterprises), for work that does not require special knowledge (manufacturing of switches, boxes, furniture). Judge for yourself how, for example, an engineer will feel, forced, left “without eyes”, to assemble switches?

4. Of course, such a person, if he has not reached a certain age, still has the opportunity to receive an education that will enable him to find a job that is more highly paid and highly qualified. (My reasoning does not in any way indicate disrespect for people working on UPP).

In relation to a person born blind, all of the above will be true, only, of course, with the opposite sign.

1. Such a person simply does not know, does not imagine what it means to "see." I do not mean ignorance, denseness, I'm talking about vision as a feeling, an ability. Now, a person cannot adapt to the absence of what he never had. But there is another problem here. A person born blind must adapt to a "sighted" environment, especially after a long stay in a special boarding school for blind and visually impaired children.

2. A graduate of such a boarding school immediately chooses for himself a profession where he could count on success, on competence in the absence of vision. He will also look for a job that suits him.

3. It is much more difficult for a person who was born blind or who lost his sight in early childhood to master “sighted” behavior and a “sighted” model of the world: routes on the ground, ideas about a figure, number, letter, space. Again, I do not mean in any way the stupidity and narrow-mindedness of these people, but I am talking only about surmountable difficulties.

4. Almost all people born without vision have well-developed compensatory mechanisms: heightened hearing, sense of smell, facial skin sensitivity, tactile sensitivity. Unfortunately, in late-blind people, these abilities and mechanisms are extremely poorly developed or do not develop at all.

So, after reading the arguments given here, you will more clearly understand, and maybe even share my point of view: both people who are blind from birth, and those who have lost it later, have their own hardships and difficulties that need to be dealt with.

Updated 09/22/2008
The article was posted on the website on 14.09.2008

my daughter is going blind due to diabetes in her left eye, a vitrectomy a year ago, the operation is now a hemorrhage in her right eye, I’m not talking about the psychological support of specialists, they didn’t even give me a sick leave, but it’s not only in my case that the blind person stays with himself and with his parents where to look for help rehabilitation where to turn first of all, not for treatment, but for social adaptation

• Vera Badak, first of all, you need to contact the regional branch of the Society of the Blind. They will tell you where to go. You can write to me in private. I will help how I can.

  Article rating: 3

  Well, you know! They attacked a person here. It so happened that I had to communicate with one person who was born blind, and with another who lost an eye as an adult. It is hard for both, but for those who lost their sight at the age it is still more difficult. Because psychologically it is difficult to reconcile and adapt with it.

  Article rating: 5

  • Katerina Bogdanova, it’s not about attacking a person, it’s just that the author of this article took a really serious topic, but he couldn’t seriously open this topic.

    Article rating: 1

    • SW. Katherine, you are absolutely right. Let's try to open this topic together.
      1. The attitude of a blind person to himself, to his functional impairment (vision defect): a) late-blind
      b) blind from birth
      a) A late-blind person is a person who is accustomed to using vision as the main source of information about the state of the surrounding world, about its safety, about its beauties. Through vision, we receive a huge amount of information that informs us, educates, delights, entertains, encourages, soothes, excites (for example, men who see beautiful legs), etc. And suddenly a person loses it. He does not see what surrounds him - and this is really scary: He cannot fully serve himself - how disgusting, disgusting it is. Can you get more trauma - as if there weren't enough misfortunes? Not able to do everyday things - who needs me like that? You can’t do what you love (help your neighbors) - how insanely long time flows! and ….. (Add yourselves.)
      What do you think is the worst thing about old age? Diseases? Small pension? Children neglect? Magnetic storms? …… You know, no! - I'm a pensioner. The worst thing in old age is to feel that no one needs YOU.
      Approximately the same way a late-blind person begins to perceive himself, after he calms down. physical pain, the soul will calm down a little. And he is, in general, right. Indeed, he becomes a dependent who needs to be served, fed, walked, and at the same time he will be capricious, show off, swing his rights. And if a person is still in full bloom? What then? - rot alive, drink too much .... But, as you know, a person is homo sapiens (reasonable person) and, therefore, if special person is such, he can and must find a way out of what has happened. But other people (relatives and specialists) can and should help him in this. True, the result of this assistance depends on what a particular individual is: an optimist or a pessimist, a fighter or a dependent. Seriously affects the result of assistance, these are his moral values, who surrounds the late-blind, in what conditions he is rehabilitated, lives.
      b) Blind since childhood - a person who, for one reason or another in the prenatal or postnatal period, had serious disorders of the visual tract that were not eliminated in the first year of life (blind born), or who lost his sight in early childhood (the first three years) .
      The attitude of a person (blind from childhood) to himself, to his defect is primarily determined by the conditions in which he was brought up - he became homo sapiens or ... .. It is very easy to drive into a child’s head that he is unhappy, incapable of anything and etc. If this is done at preschool age (especially in the first three years of life), then such a person can be put an end to, except for begging, you will never see anything from him. Begging is not necessarily sitting at the porch.
      If the child creates all the necessary and sufficient conditions for development, then already in school years it will be possible to see that blindness, a serious violation of the central nervous system, can be reduced to a physical defect that does not prevent a person from living fully, like homo sapiens. Yes, his life will be associated with a huge number of restrictions, but who among those living on earth does not have these or those restrictions and it is not known which of them are more terrible. It all depends on how to treat them and how to be able (learn) to overcome them.

      Thus, we can summarize - the attitude of a blind person to himself, to blindness, in the first place, is determined by the psychological status of the individual himself, i.e. the conditions in which he was brought up in childhood, and not those when he became blind. I'm not talking about people who become blind in old age, although in this case the same pattern works, but much depends on how much vitality is left.

      Article rating: 3

      • Vyacheslav Ozerov, from your comments you can make a finished article on the same topic. It is preferable to do just that - to reveal the topic in which you are competent in a separate text, and give a link in the comment.

        • Vyacheslav Ozerov, I completely agree with you, I would also add various methods of human rehabilitation both at birth and in adulthood blind. Exist various systems rehabilitation, I will not spontaneously name, but, for example, I saw how blind children are taught to live in the world around them. They are taught to "see" with their fingers. They also use the expressions "I see", but at the same time they feel the object and try to characterize it. Now, if the author somehow considered the differences in rehabilitation methods for the blind from birth and those who lost their sight at a later age, then the article would be excellent, it would have practical value and would help many people.

          Article rating: 1

          • 2. SW. Catherine, I'll try to continue. I will not touch on the issues of removing a late-blind person from post-traumatic shock. These are questions of a psychologist, often on the verge of psychiatry. At the same time, let's remember that the development of medicine, science and technology gives late-blind people hope to regain their sight. Hope is not unfounded, tk. in late-blind people, unlike those who have been blind since childhood, the function of the brain - vision (vision), which is formed in a person in childhood, in most cases remains intact. Blindness in an adult, in the vast majority of cases, is caused by a violation of the process of transmitting information about the waves of the optical range through the eyes to the visual cortex of the brain (eye - optic nerve - ....). The hope that a late-blind person cherishes often prevents him from striving to learn to live without sight.
            In those who have been blind since childhood, this function is not formed, so the hope to see is zero for them. If the brain has not formed any function in a timely manner, then this is already for the rest of your life, no matter how insulting it may be. In this case, hope is not the last to die. This is not only about vision.
            It would be nice if Margarita, as a psychologist, spoke about how people who constantly communicate with a recently blind person should behave, how to help him, and what not.
            Now about the methods, techniques for the rehabilitation of the blind:
            a) for the late-blind, you will find it on the website of the Center for Medical and Social Rehabilitation for the Visually Impaired http://bli.narod.ru/index.htm. I can only add (based on my observations) the most important are the development of spatial orientation, everyday orientation, learning to read and write in Louis Braille. Everything else is secondary, based on the above. Mastering all technical devices, making life easier is possible (and necessary) only after the blind person is able to walk independently from point A to point B (without the help of a sighted guide), when he is able to cook his own food, wash and treat himself without the help of relatives, when he is able to write a note, which can be read only by the person to whom it is addressed. After the blind becomes confident that no matter what happens, he will be able to find a way out, the blind can master any technique that makes it easier for him to learn and manage environment Ouch. Honor to him, praise to his courage and our immense respect. And there are many outstanding blind people, starting with Homer, in the history of mankind.
            What close people should do:
            - first: do not whine and do not feel sorry for him and yourself. Set up the blind for active social rehabilitation, and not for nurturing the hope of healing. It's good if this happens, and if not, or maybe it will become possible years through N. Then these N years will most likely turn into a nightmare for everyone. And yet, we must not forget that today's medicine can promise anything for money, but fulfill ... ..
            - second: do not try to do for the blind what he can (wants) to do himself; continue to speak with him in the usual language of the sighted; learn to comment on everything that happens that is not available to the blind due to lack of vision (about the picture on the TV screen, about the rain outside the window, etc.); will learn to maintain such order in the house that everything lies (stands, hangs) in the same place, known to the blind.
            - third: to believe that if a blind person has found the strength to continue to live actively without sight, then you are lucky, and you will soon be proud of him and yourself.
            b) for the blind since childhood, today you can find a lot of literature. I will offer my book: “Conversations with Parents of Blind Children” by M. ARKTI, 2007. It is on sale, the abbreviated text can be found on the Internet. I can send electronic version. It contains a list of literature on the rehabilitation of blind children.
            I can only add that in your attitude towards a blind child, you must remember:
            - that he should be treated like an ordinary child with his own developmental characteristics;
            - in his upbringing, it is not necessary to invent anything (including any super-modern technical means, methods, programs, projects “protecting” (in quotation marks) the child from the outside world), but to use the developments of typhlopedagogy and the experience of other parents;
            - do not forget that every day, month, year, the child's brain gets acquainted with the outside world and develops in a certain sequence, and if something is missed, then it cannot be made up, and also, if the brain is not yet ready to solve the task, then the child won't solve it.
            - pity for the child and for oneself, is the basis of overprotection - the biggest obstacle to preparing a blind child for an independent life in a society of the sighted;
            - and lastly, medicine is most often powerless in trying to eliminate deep visual impairment that occurs in a child at birth (developing in the first year of life). But the safety (for the brain) of these attempts is questionable. Be careful.

            Article rating: 3

            You see, for about 6 years my work has been connected with the visually impaired... If you start from the very beginning, then the very title of the article is not correct. But if the author tried to answer this question, then he still had to reveal this topic and consider this issue in the context of the social rehabilitation of people with similar problems. Starting to read this article, I thought that I would find some useful information about this theme. But all I learned from this article is that it is hard for both people to live with such an ailment.
            The conclusion made at the end of the article is at the kindergarten level.

            Article rating: 1

            • Well, you understand that the article is not for specialists, like all the articles on our site, but for those who, perhaps, have not thought about such problems. And the information is first hand, by the way.

              • Understandable, of course. But the topic is too serious.

                Article rating: 1

                • In general, the topic raised in the article is very important, but Ekaterina Chizhova is right, the article is not correct and even erroneous in some ways. So the statement in “p. 4 Almost all people born without vision have well-developed compensatory mechanisms: heightened hearing, sense of smell, sensitivity of the skin on the face, tactile sensitivity. Unfortunately, in late-blind people, these abilities and mechanisms are extremely poorly developed or do not develop at all. - is not true. Physiological studies of typhlopedagogues in Russia in the second half of the last century showed that tactile sensitivity in the sighted is no worse, and in some cases even better than that of the blind. The physiological acuity of hearing, smell, skin sensitivity also does not depend on the presence or absence of vision. But with visual deprivation, there is a restructuring of the interaction of intact feelings with the central nervous system. The brain, as it were, begins to be more attentive to information from hearing, touch, smell, and their resolution increases. But in order to increase this resolving power, training and once again training in the perception of signals from the remaining sense organs by the brain is necessary. This is the difference between the typhlopedagogical approach in education and conventional pedagogy. In ordinary pedagogy, to form an image of an object, it is sometimes enough to look at the object itself. And in typhlopedagogy, this object must be listened to, felt, sniffed, licked .... and then it may be formed into an image.
                  One of the most important training methods is the development of reading and writing with the help of raised dot type, invented by Louis Braille. Whether these trainings will be useful or not depends on the conditions under which the blind will study, and it is not so important when he became blind: in childhood or later. If the training is directed: at developing his independence, at the ability to overcome difficulties, at developing the desire to live among the sighted, then it will be successful. If, however, to protect him from all sorts of misfortunes, to make his life easier (including by replacing ordinary activities with technical means), on hyper-care, then it will be unsuccessful. I have a number of living examples of both. And the consequences of the second about .... how terrible.
                  There is a very important factor in relation to late-blind people - this is the most difficult psycho-correctional work to get out of post-traumatic shock, for those who have been blind since childhood, such work may also be needed in adolescence, but to a much lesser extent.

                  Article rating: 3

                  The article is about nothing. In my opinion, the conclusion is: "... both people blind from birth, and those who lost it later, have their own hardships and difficulties that need to be dealt with." It's obvious.

                  Article rating: 1

                  • In addition to the conclusion, Ekaterina, the article tells about what kind of hardships and difficulties those and other blind people have. This is important for those with whom such people live next to, this knowledge makes it possible to understand and help. And I wonder what you personally expected when opening an article with such a title? What was the article supposed to help you with and what did it not help you with?

                    • Catherine!

Psychology of a patient with vision loss. As noted in the literature, vision has several psychological aspects: a) it includes a circle of actual interaction with immediate reality; b) separates the subject from the environment (“I” - “others and the world”); c) makes it possible to perceive others and compare oneself with others; d) allows you to perceive the same phenomena together with others - general impressions. The psychological features of vision are directly dependent on the organ of vision - the eye, which is an instrument of knowledge. external environment, and its functions underlie labor and creative activity [Eroshevsky T. I., Bochkareva A. A., 1977]. Auditory and visual analyzers provide not only the receipt, but also the processing of information coming from the external environment.

In the psychology of any person suffering from an eye disease, regardless of the degree of threat of loss of vision, there is always fear and even fear of becoming blind [Nikolenko T. M., 1977]. So, blepharospasm, practically depriving patients of vision, gives rise to a complex system of experiences leading to a violation of the usual life stereotype, difficulty in adaptation. The strength of the psychotraumatic impact in such cases is determined by the individual significance of the disease for a given patient. The types of response are different: hysterical, anxiety-depressive, phobic, hypochondriacal [Vyshlov VF, 1977].

Some patients with glaucoma, after getting acquainted with the diagnosis, with the severity of the disease, sometimes leading to loss of vision, immediately experience a state of depression, anxiety, and fear. These psychological shifts are quite protracted: from several weeks to months, 2-3 years [Vostroknutov N. N., Mikheeva E. G., Uspensky B. A., 1973].

The progressive decline in vision is usually accompanied by deep feelings. The mood of patients, as a rule, is reduced, complaints of hopelessness, loneliness, and helplessness are not uncommon. In preparation for the operation and after it, when wearing a bandage on the eyes, the intensity of these experiences is significantly weakened, giving way to the hope of a favorable outcome. In cases where surgical intervention did not lead to an improvement in vision, there was an increase in these psychological changes [Nikitina G. F., 1975]. In some patients with a bandage applied after cataract removal, against the background of high spirits with an underestimation of the severity and severity of the disease, there was a revival, a violation of the regime, a desire to remove the bandage [Ziskind Yu., 1963], i.e., there is a manifestation of hyposomatonosognosia.

Personal reaction to sudden loss of vision was the subject of research in the wounded during the Great Patriotic War. Observations in the eye departments of military hospitals showed that almost every wounded person with loss of vision under the influence of a sudden injury that fell upon him - blindness - is experiencing a severe "crisis of personality" [Merlin V.S., 1945]. The final way out of it is adaptation to blindness, reconciliation with it, return to the family and inclusion in labor activity, dependent attitudes, etc. - is determined to a large extent by premorbid-personal characteristics. In the overwhelming majority of cases, this crisis does not go beyond the limits of psychological reactions, mainly in the form of low mood, weakening of physical activity. IN individual cases there is a "motor storm" with suicidal statements [Rakitina P. A., 1947]. According to our observations, the matter is not limited only to statements, sometimes such patients commit suicidal acts. Turning off vision, causing a complete rejection of the previous life stereotype or significantly changing it, led to a “reconstruction” of the personality [Matveev V. F., Semenov A. I., 1973, 1975].

When evaluating quality parameters psychological response to blindness, one should take into account their dependence not only on premorbid personality characteristics, but also on the biological capabilities of the body, its ability to compensate for the loss of function. It is generally accepted that in the blind there occurs a change in the threshold of the analyzers of hearing, touch, smell, although the thresholds are not higher than the norm, but they reach a high degree of differentiation.

The reaction of patients to blindness, according to AI Semenov (1974), goes through the following three stages. The first is the stage of an acute reaction, accompanied by a situational anxiety state, fear of blindness, depressed mood, and a weakening of motor activity. The second stage is the stage of decrease in mood, energy and initiative with the preserved hope for the effectiveness of surgical treatment. Sometimes these psychological manifestations can take on the character of a pathological form of response in the form of depression. The third is the pathological development of the personality. Usually, the subjective assessment of blindness is ultimately limited to the preservation of ideas of inferiority, the development of autistic tendencies, immersion in the world of inner experiences [Lakosina N. D., Ushakov G. K., 1976].

Psychological changes in patients with visual impairment, blindness in the diagnostic period indicate a different degree of stress. Normosomatonosognosia predominates. Overestimation of symptoms, as well as their ignoring, are rare. During the period of treatment (both medical and surgical), adaptation to the disease is unstable. In the experiences and ideas of the patient, the leading place belongs to the hope for the effectiveness of the treatment. Hypersomatognosia are rare. In the rehabilitation and recovery period, personal reactions are usually of the normosomatonosognosic type. More often there is an overestimation of loss of vision with ideas of inferiority. In all three periods of the disease, in addition to psychological forms of response, depressive reactions are also observed.

So, the formation of somatonosognosia in lesions of the visual and auditory analyzers is determined mainly by the difficulties in the receipt of information from the outside and its processing. They are not identical at one stage or another of the disease. The resulting violations interpersonal relationships indicate the preferential interest of the socio-psychological level in the development of somatonosognosia. Loss of hearing and vision in the diagnostic stage of the disease is always accompanied by a state of stress. In the stage of treatment, adaptation to the disease is characterized by instability, incompleteness due to the preservation of some hopes for a favorable outcome of the disease. In the rehabilitation and recovery stage, the development of psychological mechanisms for adapting to the changed conditions of life and activity due to the presence of physical defects is slow. Hypersomatonosognosia - not so much a rare event. Hypo- and dyssomatonosognosia are much less common. Of the pathological forms of attitude to the disease, depressive reactions predominate. With damage to the organs of vision and hearing, naturally, relationships with others suffer, which indicates the interest, first of all, of the socio-psychological level of the patient's personality.

• fear of the future associated with changes in working capacity, family and social status
• resentment at fate, blaming oneself and others in the current situation
• depression, irritation, despair
• decrease in self-esteem
• the need to give up certain habits and values

Types of defensive reactions

• isolation, withdrawal into the inner world
• waiver of choice, responsibility
• infantilism, taking a position of dependence on others
• stubbornness, aggression, denial of any help
• indifference to oneself and / or other people and events
• selfishness, manipulation of others

• overprotection, pity
• avoidance, lack of attention, refusal to acknowledge the fact of vision loss

Psychological help

Professional psychological help needed equally for the victim and his loved ones.

• Accept the fact of partial or complete loss of vision
• Realize the consequences, adequately assess your capabilities
• Actively look for socially significant areas of activity that allow the most complete manifestation of the victim's abilities (art, teaching, organizational activities, the service sector, etc.)
• To form positive motivation and attitudes among the victim and those around him
• Discuss your fears, worries, expectations and plans for the future

Where can you apply?

People with one eye cannot watch 3D movies because their visual analyzer is not able to perceive colorful effects. They have difficulty playing football, volleyball and other games in which it is necessary to correctly estimate the distance to the ball or other objects.

We will tell you what other inconveniences a one-eyed person experiences and whether it is realistic to overcome them. We will also find out whether people with one eye can drive a car and get a driver's license.

Eye patch, dark glasses or prosthesis?

How to live with one eye? This question is asked by people who have lost an eyeball due to injury or illness. Naturally, they are very complex and try their best to hide the defect from others with the help of dark glasses or an eye patch. However, such a "disguise" is far from ideal and has a lot of drawbacks.

An eye patch attracts undue attention from others, making a person feel embarrassed. It's fair to say that scary headbands look good on pirates from historical films but not in public Everyday life. As for tinted glasses - they are not always appropriate and in winter time confuse passers-by. And yes, they look pretty weird indoors. Therefore, both of these methods are not suitable for everyone and not always.

Thanks to the development of science and modern technologies today there is a great way to hide the absence of an eye. This can be done with the help of a prosthesis, which outwardly practically does not differ from the eyeball. The implant is placed in a specially formed cavity and stays there for a certain time. Different types of prostheses are subject to planned replacement every few years.

Types of eye prostheses:

• Glass. Quite light, have a smooth surface and are well wetted by lacrimal fluid. Require careful attitude and careful use. These dentures need to be replaced once a year.
• Plastic. Much stronger and safer to use than glass. They are resistant to environmental influences, so patients with one eye can wear them for much longer. The service life of such prostheses is two years.
• Standard. Manufactured in bulk. Have different shape, size, color, etc. Note that for the right and left eyes, there are different types prostheses. Each person tries to choose the most suitable implant.
• Individual. Made to order, taking into account all the individual characteristics and desires of the person. Implantation of such a prosthesis allows to achieve the highest quality cosmetic effect.

Men and women who have lost an eyeball should not despair. Many people live without an eye for many years and at the same time lead a full life. An unsightly defect is hidden with the help of a prosthesis, and one can gradually adapt to monocular vision.

Can I drive a car and get a license?

Can people with one eye get a license and drive a car? Yes, but only under certain conditions. Let's see if a person with anophthalmia (an underdeveloped or completely absent eyeball) can drive a car and what is necessary in this case to obtain a driver's license.

According to the law Russian Federation(Article 23 federal law 196 "On Road Safety"), each driver must undergo mandatory medical examinations. If during the examination he is diagnosed with diseases that prevent him from driving, he will not be able to get a license.

A person does not have the right to drive a vehicle of category B, having visual acuity below 0.6 in one and less than 0.2 in the other eye. Note that vision is checked with correction, that is, in glasses or contact lenses. This means that even a patient with a high degree myopia can get behind the wheel, after picking up a means of correction.

By law, people with one eye can drive a car equipped with parking sensors - an acoustic parking system. Since people with anophthalmia have impaired binocular vision, they need APS to avoid accidents.

Adaptation to monocular vision

People who are blind in one eye from birth will never be able to have normal binocular vision. The fact is that their brain is simply not able to provide a depth of perception of the world. Such patients have nothing to compare their vision with, so they consider it quite satisfactory.

But in people with one eye who have lost the second during their lives, vision can be partially restored over time. It will never be the same, but it can improve. As a rule, this takes 1-2 years. Over time, a person gets used to his condition and learns to perform daily work. At the end of the adaptation period, he can even drive with one eye behind the wheel.

Features of life with one eye

People who have recently lost an eye have to re-learn how to move and navigate in space. At first, life with one eye may seem too complicated and unusual for them, but over time this will pass. The main thing is not to worry and not despair.

Tips to help people with one eye adapt faster to a new condition:

• Obstacles from the absent eye. People with anophthalmia have a narrowed field of vision, which may prevent them from seeing objects that are to their side. Therefore, in an unfamiliar place or a new room, they need to carefully look around so as not to stumble upon an obstacle.
• Capturing items. To take any thing from the table, open the door or shake the outstretched hand without a miss, you need to move very slowly. By turning your head, you can better estimate the distance to the object and its location in space.
• Walking up the stairs. Going down the stairs, a person with one eye needs to carefully monitor the railing - this will help to avoid an extra step down and a painful push. On the street, the stairs can be replaced by observing the shadows from objects.
• Distance estimation to objects. Being on the street, the distance can be determined using visual nuances. To do this, you need to carefully consider trees, traffic lights, sidewalks. The size of an object gives an idea of ​​how far it is located.

In medicine, anophthalmia refers to the absence of the eyeball. This condition occurs after the surgical removal of an injured or diseased eye. People with anophthalmia lose binocular vision, which makes it extremely difficult for them to navigate in space.

After losing an eye, life does not end. The defect can be hidden with the help of a prosthesis, and it is quite possible to adapt to monocular vision. People who have lost an eyeball can lead a normal life, play sports and even drive a car. All it takes is desire and perseverance.

Useful video about the artificial eye