On what day do signs of trichomoniasis appear. Trichomoniasis: useful information for everyone. Innovative treatments

Modern laboratory diagnostics has many ways to confirm the diagnosis.

The relatively recent application of molecular tests (antigen detection and nucleic acid amplification) has greatly improved the quality of diagnosis.

Timely and adequately prescribed tests contribute to better control of trichomonas infection, prevent chronic inflammatory diseases of the small pelvis, reduce the risk of infertility associated with trichomoniasis.

Epidemiology

There are 3 types of Trichomonas that a person encounters:

• oral tenax (elongata);
• intestinal (hominis or abdominalis);
• vaginal (vaginalis).

The greatest pathogenicity is Trichomonas vaginalis, which lives exclusively in the urogenital tract. The possibility of independently launching the pathological process of other Trichomonas is still being discussed.

It has been established that T. Tenax lives on teeth affected by caries, and T. Hominis is a commensal of the flora of the large intestine, and sometimes leads to dyspeptic disorders.

The non-protein coat promotes antibiotic resistance, but is destroyed when antiprotozoal drugs are administered.

After and, trichomoniasis ranks 3rd among all STIs.

Trichomonas vaginalis has 5 flagella, their location provides translational wave-like movements. The mode of transmission of the infection is sexual. The causative agent is extremely rarely found in postmenopausal women and virgins.

Signs of trichomonas infection

The causative agent of the infection is Trichomonas vaginalis, a protozoan unicellular pathogen, the highest procyst, flagella class Flagella, family Trichomonadidae, genus Trichomonas.

There are no specific clinical signs of trichomonas infection. In an acute process, there are abundant, irritating to the skin, discharge, severe itching of the genitals, after a month the clinic becomes less pronounced, until the symptoms are completely absent and they periodically appear under the influence of provoking factors.

note

In some patients, the symptoms of trichomonas infection are completely absent, asymptomatic carriage, according to various sources, ranges from 10 to 30% in men, in 90% of cases the pathology is already diagnosed in a chronic form.

Based on some clinical manifestations, the diagnosis is considered unverified, a similar picture can be in many diseases: nonspecific inflammation, sexually transmitted diseases, etc.

When examining a patient, age is taken into account, since at a more mature age the immune system weakens, which means that clinical manifestations can be erased.

Forms of urogenital trichomoniasis

Forms of urogenital trichomoniasis:

• acute;
• subacute;
• torpid (sluggish).

For the infection to spread to chronic form , it is necessary to postpone specific therapy for only 4 weeks.

Urogenital trichomoniasis can occur as a single infection, mixed or combined form, this must be taken into account when conducting a comprehensive diagnosis.

Recently, there has been a trend towards a decrease in the incidence in some regions, but the situation is not universal.

Complications of trichomoniasis

Trichomonas often provoke inflammation in the prostate gland, which in some cases leads to impaired fertility. In men, trichomoniasis occurs more often than in women in the form of carriage. In this case, a person feels healthy, but can infect a partner. The diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory tests.

According to the study, concomitant trichomoniasis was diagnosed in 30% of patients with chronic inflammation in the prostate.

In women, these pathogens affect the adverse outcome of pregnancy, the development and chronic inflammatory processes of the pelvic organs.

During childbirth, in 5% of cases, the child becomes infected, but due to the characteristics of the epithelium, self-healing may occur. Intrauterine infection of the fetus with trichomoniasis can lead to fatal consequences.

Even girls can face an infection, which may result in chronic, which, upon reaching fertile age, is complicated by pathologies in the reproductive system.

How to identify trichomoniasis in men and women?

So, how can you still detect trichomoniasis, and what methods are better, we compose according to numerous clinical recommendations that are the same both for Russia and abroad.

Four laboratory methods are used:

• microscopy of the native and stained preparation - as the first stage of diagnosis;
• cultural;
• immunological;
• gene diagnostic.

PCR diagnostics of trichomoniasis

There are a number of factors that affect the sensitivity of laboratory diagnostics. It is not always possible to reliably establish the diagnosis of trichomoniasis with a single examination.

Some experts believe that with PCR diagnostics, the accuracy of which is close to 100%, there are false-negative results, the frequency of which is about 25%.

The unreliability of the diagnosis can be affected by a sluggish infectious process.

According to one comprehensive comparison of the effectiveness (T. Crucitti) of diagnosing various modifications of the method that differ in primers (DNA target), it was concluded that the level of sensitivity of the PCR method is from 53 to 87%.

This is associated more with technical difficulties and the human factor, therefore, for the reliability of the diagnosis, confirmation by at least 2 diverse analyzes is recommended. The effectiveness of primers improves every year, so the question of the effectiveness of PCR analysis requires further clarification, today the maximum is 95%.

Sometimes the laboratory assistant may interpret the result incorrectly: there is evidence in the literature that some non-pathogenic flagellar protozoa (Pleuromonas jaculans) or intestinal Trichomonas were regarded as pathogenic Trichomonas vaginalis.

Cultural and microscopic diagnostic methods for trichomoniasis

There is a position that the diagnosis confirms the detection of living forms of microorganisms in smears or crops.

When taking a banal smear, it is difficult to obtain material, since the pathogen is localized in the folds of the cervical canal or in limited inflammatory foci of the prostate gland.

Bacteriological examination gives less reliable results in men, since the urethral discharge contains fewer pathogens, and their motor activity is reduced.

The diagnostic significance of microscopic examination of native discharge from the urethra, in comparison with cultural diagnostic methods, ranges from 10-60%, the sensitivity of a stained smear is about 60%.

The cultural method increases the level of diagnosis, but with improper transportation and death of pathogens or with a small number of them, the reliability of the result is doubtful.

Blood tests for trichomoniasis (immunological methods)

As an alternative diagnosis of trichomoniasis, immunodiagnostic methods for confirming the diagnosis can be considered.

Antibodies in the blood are diagnosed using an accelerated immunofluorescence reaction.

According to the results of specialists, in patients with culture-confirmed trichomoniasis, antibodies are present in 100% of cases.

The disadvantages of the method include the inability to determine the effectiveness of treatment, since a positive result persists for 12 months after recovery.

Since 1985, some clinics have carried out ELISA test to evaluate serum immunoglobulins (IgG) and secretory (IgA).

The test is positive after a previous Trichomonas infection and cannot be used as a monodiagnosis without performing a bacterial culture.

The immunological method is considered to be more specific and sensitive than immunofluorescent analysis and hemagglutination reaction.

Studies were carried out, the purpose of which was to establish the most effective diagnostic method among various modifications of ELISA. The conclusions showed that a positive result of immunofluorescent analysis is not always confirmed by other methods.

Of the latest diagnostic methods, one can consider the use of capillary liquid chromatography for the detection of Trichomonas. The result of the study is prepared in a few minutes, the sensitivity is 83% and the specificity is about 99%.

Trichomoniasis is a disease of the genitourinary system, the causative agent of which is a protozoan anaerobic microorganism called Trichomonas vaginalis. This disease mainly affects women of reproductive age. An analysis for trichomonas in men will help determine the carrier of the disease, because in most cases they have no symptoms of the disease.

Diagnosis of trichomoniasis is based on determining the clinical signs of the disease and identifying pathogenic microorganisms in the smear, blood or urine of the patient. In order to confirm the presence of an infection, several methods can be used, including Trichomonas PCR.

If trichomoniasis is suspected, both sexual partners should be tested.

What are Trichomonas

Some strains of Trichomonas do not cause unpleasant symptoms in their carrier, but after sexual transmission and a change in habitat, they become pathogenic and contribute to the development of inflammatory processes.

Infection with trichomoniasis occurs sexually, with vaginal or anal sexual contact. In rare cases, the disease can be transmitted through the household. Factors contributing to infection include:

• Having a large number of sexual partners.
• Unprotected intercourse with new partners.
• The presence of other sexually transmitted diseases.
• Disorders in the work of the immune system.
• Disruptions in the endocrine system.

After the disease is cured, a rather weak immunity remains, so re-infection is possible, in which the symptoms are not so pronounced.

In what cases it is necessary to pass the analysis

Many people are interested in what tests to take to detect trichomoniasis and when to see a doctor. Diagnosis of trichomoniasis in women is carried out in the following cases:

• The presence of foamy secretions of a gray-yellow or greenish hue, with an unpleasant odor and an admixture of blood.
• Redness and itching in the vulva.
• The appearance of mucopurulent plaque on the mucous membranes of the genital organs.
• Pain during intercourse.
• Pain in the lower abdomen.
• Frequent urination and pain accompanying this process.
• Enlarged inguinal lymph nodes.

Women need to be tested for trichomoniasis in the presence of chronic diseases of the genitourinary system, pregnancy pathologies, oncological diseases or infertility.

Trichomonas tests for a man should be taken if the following symptoms are present:

• Mucous discharge from the urethra.
• Frequent urination in the morning.
• Pain when urinating.

It is also necessary to make sure that there is no trichomoniasis with prostatitis, urethritis, epididymitis, erectile dysfunction or infertility.

Forms

There are three forms of the disease:

• Fresh trichomoniasis. It occurs immediately after infection and the passage of the incubation period. It is characterized by vivid symptoms, redness and itching of the vulva, frothy discharge in women, and painful urination in men.
• In the event that the disease is not treated after a month, the symptoms of the disease weaken, the discharge turns into a creamy one, and in men the signs of the disease disappear altogether. After excessive sexual activity, colds or alcohol consumption, trichomoniasis worsens.
• Trichomonas carrier. Trichomonas are found in the smear, although there are no obvious signs of infection. Most often, this form of the disease can be found in men.

Diagnostics

There are various methods for diagnosing the disease. In most patients, trichomoniasis is a mixed protozoal-bacterial inflammatory process. Trichomonas play a major role in this, as they can capture and reserve other pathogens. In addition, trichomoniasis causes tissue loosening, which makes it possible for bacteria and viruses to penetrate into the intercellular space, which join the inflammatory process.

Trichomoniasis is more common in women. But this is not due to the special predisposition of the weaker sex to the disease, but due to the fact that women are more willing to consult doctors and undergo diagnostics in a timely manner.

With insufficient treatment, the disease easily takes a chronic form. Untreated trichomoniasis is dangerous for a woman's body, can cause complications.

• inflammation of the vagina (vaginitis);
• Infection of the cervix;
• Narrowing, poor patency of the fallopian tubes;
• Pathology of the bladder, kidneys.

Trichomoniasis in women - ways of infection

The disease is transmitted through sexual contact. Any type of unprotected sex, including oral sex, can lead to trichomoniasis.

For the functioning of the pathogen, it is favorable if the woman has a slightly acidic environment in the vagina (PH 5.5-6.4). Such indicators appear during menstruation, a woman needs to be especially careful during this period. Trichomoniasis contribute to abortion, childbirth, general weakness of the body. Immunity against the disease is not developed. According to the symptoms, the disease is divided into 3 types.

1. Acute trichomoniasis.
2. Chronic form.
3. Trichomonas carrier. Runs without symptoms. The causative agent is found in menstrual flow.

Trichomonas absorbs other infections, and along the way, a woman may suffer from gonorrhea, ureaplasmosis, and other STDs, which will also require treatment.

Infection with trichomoniasis by domestic means is extremely rare, but it is not 100% excluded. The infection remains viable for a short time in a humid environment. You have to be careful when visiting the pool. Baths in this sense are safe, since the pathogen dies at 45 ° C.

That is why, although the exacerbation of the disease is sometimes accompanied by an increase in temperature, the heat does not perform a protective function. The disease can be transmitted from an infected mother to her child during the pregnancies, girls are especially vulnerable.

Venereal diseases are transmitted mainly through sexual contact. According to statistics, the most common infection is Trichomonas vaginalis.

1. Trichomoniasis does not develop immunity.
2. Re-infection may follow recovery.
3. Infection can occur by genital, household methods.
4. A neglected disease spreads to the genitourinary system, causing irreversible consequences.

The incubation period, before the first signs of the disease appear, can last 5-14 days.

1. The localization of the pathogen depends on the place of introduction into the female body.
2. The main part of the inflammatory processes occurs in the area of ​​​​the vagina and nearby organs.
3. The development of trichomoniasis causes swelling of the genitals:

• burning, itching at the time of urination;
• mild vaginal bleeding;
• mucous membranes are covered with pustules;
• liquid, frothy discharge.

The development of infection in women appears later than men with more pronounced symptoms. Vaginitis predominates, but there may be cystitis, pyelonephritis. The location of the lesion of the genitourinary system of a woman by the pathogen, its degree depends on immunity.

Early detection of infection allows for early diagnosis, timely treatment. However, ½ of the infected women are unaware of the disease. The reasons for this carelessness are:

• consider frequent urge to urinate, cramps, burning sensation during it as a consequence of cystitis;
• pain during sexual intercourse, aching pain, heaviness in the lower abdomen are referred to as colds of the genitourinary system.

In the inflammatory process caused by the growth of the pathogen localization sites, the paraurethral ducts, Bartholin's glands, and the cervix may be involved.

1. The development of the disease in women occurs with pronounced symptoms.
2. The course of the disease has 3 stages:

• acute form with a clear manifestation of signs of the presence of the pathogen in the body;
• subacute appearance, the patient's illness does not bother much;
• sluggish asymptomatic type, detected only during routine medical examinations.

Clinical examination allows to make an accurate diagnosis and distinguish trichomoniasis from more harmless types of infection.

Symptoms of trichomoniasis in women

If in men the disease proceeds almost without signs, women should pay attention to the slightest symptoms.

The first signs of trichomoniasis in a woman appear within two weeks, sometimes the incubation period is a month. Usually, discomfort begins to disturb on the 4th-5th day. The pathogen enters the vagina, cervix, urinary canal. The disease is characterized by the following symptoms:

• The first indicating sign of the disease in women is a large amount of vaginal discharge;
• Beli have a slightly green or yellow color, they foam strongly;
• A symptom of trichomoniasis is the smell of rotten fish in the discharge;
• Pain during intercourse;
• Symptoms of urethritis appear. Cutting during urination, frequent urging;
• A sign of the disease is burning, persistent itching in the vagina;
• Swelling and redness of the genitals.

When examining the vagina, an overflow of blood (hyperemia) of the mucosal vessels is noted. Superficial tissues are covered with foam, the cervix begins to bleed when touched by a mirror. Small erosions are visible on the walls of the vagina. They have a pronounced red color.

Discharge from the vagina, in contact with the skin, causes ulcers, irritations, and abrasions on it. This applies to the perineum and thigh area. Damaged bleeding capillaries are observed on the cervix. The pH in the vagina shifts to the alkaline side.

If these symptoms are detected, women should immediately seek medical help and undergo the necessary treatment, but only after an accurate diagnosis has been established (other diseases have similar symptoms).

The microorganism that causes the disease is not a virus. Self-diagnosis, self-treatment, give positive results in 0.2% of cases.

The infection quickly adapts to antibiotics, they cease to act on it. It has been proven that chronic and untreated trichomoniasis is the cause of premature birth, miscarriage, and infertility.

1. For accurate diagnosis, a gynecologist or venereologist collects an anamnesis, indicating:

• the presence in the patient of inflammatory processes of the genitals;
• the course of pregnancy, childbirth preceding the detection of the disease;
• the partner has inflammatory processes of the genitourinary system.

• miscarriages, self-abortions, pregnancy with a pronounced pathology;
• chronic diseases with urogenital character;
• pronounced inflammatory processes.

• blood;
• urine;
• smear of secretions;
• PCR check.

The sensitivity of the microorganism to drugs is being determined.
Based on all the studies, the collected anamnesis, a diagnosis is made, a course of treatment is prescribed.

A sexually transmitted disease in 99% of cases is transmitted sexually. The risk group is made up of women and girls who have an active sex life with frequent changes of partners. The disease in women in 80% of cases has a pronounced picture and is cured in the initial stage of development.

1. Newborn girls become infected from sick mothers during passage through the birth canal. The manifestations of the disease are identical to the adult forms.
2. The first days the woman has itching of the genital area, a small amount of white and pale yellow discharge, pain in the lower abdomen.
3. An increase in the colony of microorganisms and the capture of new territories by them leads to an increase in pain:
   • the genitals swell, itching and burning intensify in their area;
   • discharge becomes yellow and yellow-green;
   • there is an unpleasant smell of rotten fish;
   • urination complicated by pains.
4. The greatest manifestation of the disease occurs during menstruation.

After 1-1.5 months, sores appear on the localization sites of the microorganism, severe dermatitis is observed on the genitals and inner thighs. Frequent urge to urinate. Then the expressed symptomatology disappears, the disease passes to the chronic stage.

The transition of the infection to the chronic stage leads to damage to the nervous system. The patient becomes irritable, sleep is disturbed, depression is observed. The intimate side of life is disturbed due to painful sensations during sexual intercourse.

An advanced or untreated stage of the disease can provoke uterine bleeding during the menstrual period, leading to infertility.

Timely detection of the disease, treatment with drugs leading to the complete destruction of the pathogen, gives quick positive results that do not cause complications.

Trichomoniasis, once in the female body during pregnancy, can affect the development of many diseases:

• Proctitis.
• Cervicitis.
• Erosion of the cervix.
• Cystitis and other diseases.

Therefore, if a woman has trichomoniasis during pregnancy, then the doctor should pay maximum attention to her.

During gestation, inflammatory processes are active, and the chronic form is easily transformed into an acute one. As a rule, in pregnant women, the infection affects several organs, sometimes the entire genitourinary system.

In expectant mothers, an immune response to infection is activated, aimed at protecting the embryo.

So after 4 months, special protective shells are formed that prevent the penetration of Trichomonas into the uterus. But infection of a woman's body before 16 weeks of pregnancy in most cases leads to miscarriage. Later infections are easier to treat, have a positive trend of recovery.

A woman may not be aware of her illness. The disease of trichomoniasis during pregnancy takes place both in acute form and in chronic form. The acute form of trichomoniasis during pregnancy is characterized by a rapid manifestation of signs of the disease.

Within 2-14 days may begin:

• Diarrhea.
• Elevated temperature.
• Heat with heaviness in lower abdomen.
• Great weakness and fatigue.
• There are discharges, sharply smelling frothy yellow with a greenish tinge.
• Pregnant women feel severe itching with pain in the organs of the genitourinary system.

The chronic form of trichomoniasis is characterized by the fact that the patient may not be aware of his illness for six months. It appears as follows:

• Metabolism is disturbed, often attributed to pregnancy.
• Pregnant women feel occasionally appearing pain in the lower abdomen and itching.
• Harder to diagnose.
• Sometimes there is purulent-mucous discharge.

But Trichomonas takes pathogens without destroying them. Inside it, they become inaccessible to antibiotics. As a result, microbes have free access to the uterine cavity and influence on the fetus.

If trichomoniasis is diagnosed on time, it is best to treat it before pregnancy. Naturally, the disease will have an effect on subsequent pregnancy, since traces of inflammatory changes will remain on the uterine mucosa.

Because of this, the fetal egg can be positioned so that during childbirth a caesarean section will have to be performed. However, this is the only complication that pregnant women may fear after completely cured trichomoniasis.

Treatment of trichomoniasis in women

Treatment is given to both sexual partners, even if the man has no symptoms of the disease.

The first step should be a complete rejection of the use of alcoholic beverages, exclusion from the diet of spicy, smoked, salty foods. A pause in intimacy is advisable, otherwise re-infection may occur, and the previous treatment will go down the drain.

Since trichomoniasis affects various organs of the genitourinary tract, the course is recommended to be carried out using complex therapy. Apply:

• antibiotics;
• biogenic stimulants;
• vitamin therapy;
• immunotherapy;
• baths;
• instillations;
• washing.

Successful treatment of trichomoniasis in women is not a reason to forget about visiting doctors for a long time; for several cycles of menstruation, it is necessary to see a doctor and undergo a re-examination.

The main requirement for medicines is that they must be active against anaerobic microflora.

Treatment regimens for trichomoniasis in women:

One of the main advantages of this drug over similar ones is the speed of action. The medicine instantly penetrates into the blood of a woman, is absorbed throughout the body and has a detrimental effect on the causative agent of the disease. The product is produced in convenient blisters (tablets of 0.5 g or 0.25 g, vaginal suppositories).

The drug requires special attention when used, so a specially designed scheme for a woman will help achieve an effective result.

The first day of admission - three times a day, you should take 2 tablets. leaving equal intervals between use. The very next day, the rate is reduced by 2 times, but the same number of sessions should remain. It will take exactly one week to recover. The final stage is a visit to the doctor and an examination.

Another effective scheme is a complex treatment with tablets and suppositories. A metronidazole tablet (0.25 g) is taken twice a day, but it must be administered with a vaginal suppository.

It will take longer to treat, up to 10 days. A visit to the doctor, a re-examination is necessary, the diagnosis made will notify you of a successful recovery or inform you about the re-course.




The structure, composition and principle of action resembles metronidazole, and there is also a regimen for how to treat trichomoniasis. A woman who has a disease should take the medicine inside. The release form is a tablet (0.5 g each).

It is easy to treat with trinidazole - 4 tablets at a time. The second scheme recommended in order to use the medicine is the same amount of the drug, but stretch the intake for an hour, using one tablet every quarter of an hour.

The drug has a small feature - it is prohibited for pregnant women (especially in the first three months) and for the lactation period, since it can negatively affect the baby. It is strongly not recommended to combine trinidazole with alcoholic beverages, even in small quantities.

A woman who is prescribed trinidazole as a treatment should additionally donate blood to identify violations. Obligatory supervision of the attending physician and the passage of an examination.




The drug is used as an effective medicine, especially if trichomoniasis is already at an advanced stage. Also, solkotrikhovak is an excellent prevention of the disease.

The healing liquid is injected into a vein, at intervals of two weeks, only under the supervision of a doctor. One course will require three injections. Long-term observation of physicians (up to a year) may reveal a relapse of trichomoniosis and will have to be treated again, but with smaller doses of the drug.

If a woman seeks medical help in a timely manner, rehabilitation will be quick and painless, with the help of local treatment. It is recommended to treat trichomoniasis:

(one tablet per day is inserted into the vagina, the process will take up to 4-5 days);




(within 10 days to enter on the 1st tablet);




(3 days, 250 ml.);




(a creamy preparation is applied to the genitals for 4 days).

Even if the doctor revealed a weak lesion, the use of funds should only be under medical supervision, self-medication threatens to develop into long-term health problems.

Daily hygiene is the main rule during the illness. It is often necessary to change linen, take a shower with special hygiene products.

Treatment of trichomoniasis should be carried out only by a qualified specialist, there should not be any self-treatment. In no case should you trust your health to all kinds of healers, healers, folk healers.

However, traditional medicine has developed effective recipes for the treatment of trichomoniasis.

A multicomponent mixture is prepared, which includes herbs.

1. Shepherd's handbag 1 part.
2. Knotweed (bird mountaineer) 3 parts.
3. Mistletoe white 1 part.
4. Sweet clover (wild buckwheat) 0.5 parts.

1 part mountain arnica flowers are added. Prepare an infusion. Pour a teaspoon of the mixture with a glass of boiling water, leave for 15 minutes. Take 100 ml after breakfast and before bed. The course of treatment is 3 weeks.
Infusion for douching.

Common oak bark is used in the amount of 20 g, chamomile, walnut leaves 25 g each, sage and mallow flowers 15 g each. Infuse two tablespoons of the collection in 200 ml of boiled water for at least 4 hours. Douche daily for one and a half to two weeks. Before the procedure, warm the infusion to body temperature.

Often the treatment of the disease is effective with the help of simple plants, without using multi-component fees. For example, garlic. Juice is squeezed out of the head of garlic. It is taken ½ dessert spoon three times a day.

Effective use of a compress of onion and garlic. Finely grind the components, apply the resulting slurry to gauze. Insert the tampon into the vagina and keep for 4 hours. The duration of treatment is 10 days.

An interesting innovation was developed by Korean doctors. Prepare a five percent substance of garlic juice and glycerin. Vaginal suppositories are made from it. Usually for treatment it is enough to insert one suppository for five days to destroy Trichomonas.

Trichomoniasis will not appear if you follow some warnings, which are not difficult to follow. The first thing to do is to rule out completely random associations.

The main risk factors are partners who take drugs or people of non-traditional orientation. A woman can also receive an unexpected surprise from a doctor of a certain profession who comes into contact with the blood of patients.

Sexual intercourse with each new partner must be accompanied by condoms. You should not rely on chance or hot assurances about the cleanliness and health of your partner. Most often it turns out that the man himself does not even suspect that the microorganism has already settled in his body.

Sexual intercourse with one partner ensures that trichomoniasis does not have to be treated, especially if both the woman and the man periodically visit a venereologist. Regular examination of the doctor, the absence of going “to the left” and casual relationships is a guarantee that treatment will not be needed and will not overshadow family relationships.

If accidental unprotected intercourse occurs, the external genitalia and vagina should be treated with Miramistin or Betadine within 2 hours after it. They reduce the risk of disease to a minimum.

A solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate) has a good effect on the pathogen, douching the vagina with this remedy is a traditional method of prevention.

An indispensable condition for prevention is regular visits to the gynecologist. This allows you to usually determine the infection even at the first mild stage, the treatment is fast and safe for the body.

When visiting a gynecologist, you should pay attention to the cleanliness and sterility of the instruments. It happened that the infection occurred precisely for this reason.

Vaginal trichomoniasis is a disease that does not cause much harm to the body, but only if the infection was detected in time and there was an immediate response with the help of medications. Self-medication of the disease is strictly prohibited, it is better to seek qualified help at the slightest suspicion or symptoms.

Trichomonas infection can be in both women and men. The situation is aggravated by the fact that most of the cases associated with this disease are asymptomatic, that is, without pronounced symptoms. It follows that this type of infection is more dangerous for others. In total, there are 3 types of Trichomonas in the world, how to treat them and what symptoms accompany this disease?

What is a trichomonas infection

Trichomonas is a microscopic organism belonging to the flagellate family, which moves through the body with the help of its flagella. This disease is sexually transmitted and is associated with infection of the genitourinary system. Cases of non-sexual transmission are extremely rare. Consider three types of Trichomonas:

• vaginal (affects mainly the vagina, but it can also develop in the genitourinary system and directly in the bladder);
• oral (develops with certain gum diseases);
• intestinal (located in the human intestine, excreted in feces).

Symptoms of trichomonas infection

In women, there are several major diseases, the main manifestations in the form of colpitis or vaginitis. The symptoms of these diseases are:

• purulent or mucous discharge from the vagina;
• discomfort.

Many women confuse the symptoms of the above disease with a common fungus (candidiasis) or thrush, but these diseases do not affect the genitals and do not resemble trichomoniasis.

If you have any similar symptoms, you should consult a doctor so that he can make the correct diagnosis. Improper treatment can complicate further treatment, in severe cases lead to infertility.

Another disease that a girl can suffer from is trichomonas vulvitis. It affects the external integument of the genital organs. Symptoms appear as:

• erosion;
• red spots;
• ulcers on the surface of the genital organs;
• itching and intense burning.

Trichomonas vulvitis appears in the absence of treatment for trichomoniasis.

A feature of trichomoniasis is the difficulty in the implementation of treatment, since the causative agents of the disease are very resistant to drugs, including nitroimidazoles (tinidazole, metronidazole).

Trichomoniasis in pregnant women can lead to an unfavorable outcome (premature birth, miscarriage or a congenital disease in a child associated with the respiratory system, regardless of the sex of the infant).

Symptoms of trichomoniasis in men are as follows:

• itching may be felt in the urethra;
• possible purulent discharge;
• burning and cutting during urination.

It is worth noting that it is men who are most often carriers of Trichomonas. They may not bother for a long time, but during sexual contact they can enter the body of a woman, which will lead to infection of both partners. If one of the partners has symptoms of a trichomonas infection, you should undergo an examination and a course of treatment, since if the woman is not cured in time, her body will be susceptible to re-infection.

Trichomonas are very resistant to the external environment, they die only after a few minutes in water whose temperature is over 50 ° C. Therefore, when going to a public bath, for example, you should pour boiling water over everything and wait a while. Bring your own washcloth, towel and other personal hygiene items.

Trichomonas culpitis in a woman is accompanied by the release of a large amount of whites (they have a yellow or gray tint and the consistency of very thick milk). Whites usually irritate the skin and mucous membranes of the genital organs. With a complex form of the disease, a feeling of swelling in the vaginal area is created.

Another characteristic symptom is the pain that a woman experiences during sexual contact with a partner. According to some studies, doctors claim that trichomonas can be in the vagina and not cause any symptoms of the disease and feelings of discomfort, but at the same time, it is during sexual contact that they can begin to act, once in the mucous membrane, they will begin to cause the corresponding inflammatory processes. Such a phenomenon may also occur in other cases, for example, after childbirth or in the first days after critical days, this is due to the fact that it is at these moments that the vaginal mucosa is very unstable and vulnerable.

Diagnosis and treatment

A prerequisite before starting the diagnosis for 5-7 days is to stop taking all trichomonocidal drugs. For research, material is taken from: the urethra, vagina, in women from the rectum, as well as from the urethra. In men from the rectum, a urine centrifugate is also used. To take the material use:

• grooved probe;
• pipette with a rubber can;
• metal loop.

There are several methods for diagnosing trichomoniasis:

• immunological;
• cultural;
• microscopy of the stained preparation;
• microscopy of the native preparation.

The treatment of trichomoniasis is a very complex and lengthy process, since doctors all over the world cannot guarantee a complete cure, as well as the absence of complications of this disease in the future. When treating, it is important to observe several principles:

• after sexual contact, both partners should be treated;
• during treatment, the use of alcohol, as well as physical intimacy, should be excluded;
• improve the resistance of the immune system;
• in any form of the disease, the patient must undergo treatment.

An individual approach is applied to each patient, based on various studies. In the treatment are often used: Metronidazole, Tinidazole, Ornidazole, Tenonitrazole, Nimorazole and others. On the basis of some studies, it was found that treatment with Metronidazole can be effective both in a long period of treatment (full course), which, according to the norms, is applied to the patient, and with a single shock dose. The usual course of treatment lasts from 3 to 7 days, depending on the extent of the infection. It is worth noting that if the rules are not followed when taking a loading dose, complications may appear.

After taking Metronidazole, in no case should alcohol be taken for two days - this can lead to an antabuse reaction: the heartbeat may become more frequent, symptoms of nausea, vomiting will appear, urine will take on an unnatural color.

The infection is also treated during pregnancy, each trimester has its own methods, so it should be carried out strictly under the supervision of a doctor.

Patients who have been diagnosed with trichomonas are registered and undergo further treatment, they can be deregistered only if they have a negative result when they are retested.

There are several criteria by which a patient is removed from the register:

• Trichomonas are absent in the material taken from the vagina, rectum, urethra and urethra;
• within 3 menstrual cycles, all laboratory and clinical studies show a favorable result;
• there are no symptoms of trichomonas infection.

Disease prevention

Trichomonas is the simplest unicellular microorganism from the flagellate class, which is widespread. Trichomonas in women and men causes a disease called trichomoniasis. Its main symptoms are similar to those of genitourinary infections such as cystitis, colpitis, urethritis, proctitis, etc. In general, three types of Trichomonas can exist in the human body: oral, intestinal and vaginal. The last of the listed species is the largest, active and pathogenic. Oral and intestinal trichomonas do not pose a danger to human health.

Trichomonas have flagella, which are their means of locomotion. It is thanks to the flagella that microorganisms have the ability to actively move. Trichomonas do not have a gender, multiply by longitudinal division. They are able to exist not only in the human body, but also outside it. Although the structure of Trichomonas is very simple, in general, this unicellular is a separate microorganism.

The size of Trichomonas varies in length from 13 to 18 microns. The small size and high plasticity of the body allows Trichomonas to penetrate even into the intercellular space.

Trichomonas are anaerobic organisms that do not require oxygen. An oxygen-free humid environment with a temperature of 35-37 ° C is considered optimal for these microorganisms. They are attached to the mucous membrane of the genitourinary tract and provoke the development of the inflammatory process. A person suffers from general intoxication, the patient's immunity worsens.

Trichomonas are able to exist not only in the human genital organs, but also in the blood vessels. They get there through the lymphatic tract. Trichomonas are perfectly adapted to life inside the human body. They are able to disguise themselves as platelets and lymphocytes, they can carry other microbes on themselves, thereby preventing the immune system from destroying their own cells.

Another danger of trichomonas is their ability to “hide” other pathogenic microorganisms inside themselves, including: gonococci, herpes virus, ureaplasma, etc. With the help of active and mobile Trichomonas, other bacteria have the opportunity to penetrate into the blood vessels and spread faster through the genitourinary system. In addition, Trichomonas violate the integrity of the epithelial integuments, thereby accelerating the process of infection with other sexual infections, including.

Although modern venereology has effective drugs to combat Trichomonas, the disease is widespread. Trichomoniasis is in first place among all diagnosed diseases of the genitourinary system, and also holds a leading position among all sexually transmitted infections. WHO indicates that about 10% of the total world population are carriers of Trichomonas. Every year alone, the official increase in infected people is 170 million people.

The disease mostly affects women aged 16 to 35 years. It is possible to transmit the infection to the child during childbirth, this occurs in 5% of cases. However, children carry the infection more easily, and in some cases, self-healing is possible.

In men, the urethra, testicles, prostate, and seminal vesicles are primarily affected. In women, the most vulnerable organs are: the vagina, the urethra, the cervical canal (its vaginal part).

One of the leading dangers of Trichomonas in women and men is the development and various pathologies of pregnancy.

Microorganisms are killed under the following conditions: drying, heating above 45 ° C, exposure to direct ultraviolet rays. Therefore, it is not possible to detect them, for example, in public baths, in open water bodies or in crowded places.

Trichomonas symptoms

Symptoms of trichomonas in men and women will vary, however, the incubation period for all infected can be from 2 days to 2 months. If the disease proceeds in a latent form, then the first signs of trichomoniasis may appear even after a few months. This will happen when it fails. Perhaps a long latent Trichomonas carrier, but it is also possible acute, subacute and chronic course of infection.

In women, the disease often manifests itself brighter than in men. Therefore, the first symptoms of Trichomonas in women may occur as early as 4 days after infection. The microorganism can infect the cervix, vagina and urethra

The symptoms will be as follows:

Profuse discharge from the vagina. They foam, have an unpleasant odor, yellow or green tint.

If gardnerellosis joins trichomoniasis, the smell of discharge becomes sharper and resembles a fishy smell.

During intercourse, a woman may experience pain.

During the process of emptying the bladder, pains, a burning sensation join. The woman experiences frequent urge to urinate. Cramping and pain indicate the development of urethritis.

The vulva becomes edematous and hyperemic. In 100% of cases, there is burning and itching in the vaginal area.

Pain in the lower abdomen for trichomoniasis is not typical, although such complaints from patients are sometimes received.

The skin of the perineum may be covered with small sores and abrasions. This is due to the irritating effect of whites on the dermis. It is not excluded the development of dermatitis of the inner surface of the thighs.

During a gynecological examination on the mirrors, the doctor visualizes reddened and swollen vaginal mucosa. It is all covered with abundant foam, the cervix is ​​​​soft, with little contact with the mirrors, blood may appear. If you bring the mucous membrane of the cervix closer, then multiple small capillary hemorrhages (petechiae) can be found on it.

Before the next menstruation, the symptoms of Trichomonas in women increase. If a girl becomes infected, who becomes infected by a household route from a sick mother, then in childhood trichomoniasis proceeds according to the type of vulvovaginitis with periodic exacerbations. During the acute stage, the symptoms of trichomoniasis in girls are similar to the symptoms of trichomoniasis in adult women.

As for the chronic form of the disease, it occurs in the absence of adequate treatment. This happens two months after the infection. Trichomonas carriers are also possible. A chronic illness does not show itself for years, the symptoms of infection, if they appear, are very meager. Approximately 4% of patients complain of recurrent symptoms of dysuria, and 5% of patients experience certain sexual disorders. However, it is the erased forms of the disease that are especially dangerous not only for their complications, but are also of great importance in terms of the spread of infection.

Symptoms of trichomonas in men can be identified as follows:

The occurrence of a burning sensation and pain during urination.

There may be mild pain when emptying the bladder.

The urge to urinate becomes more frequent, especially in the morning. Sometimes these urges are false.

In some cases, scanty discharge from the urethra is observed. The discharge has the character of mucus.

Immediately after intercourse, severe itching and burning may occur.

Rare symptoms include inflammation of the median suture and the appearance of erosions on the mucous membrane of the glans penis.

Another rare symptom of trichomonas in men is the discharge of blood from the urethra.

Severe symptoms of trichomonas, which would force a man to urgently seek medical help, are extremely rare. As the disease progresses, the urethra narrows and urination becomes more and more difficult. Possible damage to the bladder and kidneys. In 40% of cases, prostatitis is observed, involvement in the inflammatory process of the prostate gland, epididymis is not excluded. It is men who most often turn out to be hidden carriers of Trichomonas.

Trichomonas are sexually transmitted. This includes any contact options: anal, oral-vaginal intercourse, etc. The transmission of a microorganism by household means is possible, but this is extremely rare. The fact is that for several hours Trichomonas can remain active, being, for example, in lumps of mucus or pus on washcloths, sponges, towels. Little girls are infected in this way, but this also happens very rarely.

Causes of Trichomonas infection in women

It should be understood that a necessary condition for the development of the disease is the acidity of the environment in the range from 5.5 to 6.6. This pH level in the vaginal contents of a woman is observed during menstruation and after its completion.

In addition, a drop in natural immune forces can be observed for the following reasons:

Abortion, childbirth.

Alcohol abuse, smoking.

Frequent sexual intercourse with different partners without the use of a condom.

General diseases and chronic diseases that affect the state of immune forces.

Non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.

It has been established that as a monoinfection, trichomoniasis is diagnosed in only 10.5% of cases. In all other situations, patients have concomitant latent infections (, etc.).

Causes of trichomonas in men

In both women and men, sexual contact is the main mode of transmission. At the same time, the male susceptibility to a pathogenic microorganism is very high, but the symptoms of the disease are very poor.

Diagnosis of Trichomonas begins with an examination of the patient. However, it is impossible to make a diagnosis solely on the clinical signs of the disease for the following reasons:

Symptoms of trichomoniasis can be symptoms of other urogenital diseases, both in women and men.

Small punctate hemorrhages on the mucous membrane of the cervix are a symptom pathognomonic for trichomoniasis in women. However, it can be detected only in 2% of patients.

Foamy discharge is also not always observed, but only in 12% of women.

However, the patient's complaints and clinical signs of trichomoniasis suggest the presence of an infection.

The basis for the diagnosis of the disease is laboratory methods, including:

Microscopic examination of a smear from the urethra and vagina in women and a smear from the urethra in men. The study of smears should be carried out no later than 30 minutes from the moment they were taken. The reliability of the method is from 40 to 60%.

immunological method.

Microbiological method or tank seeding for Trichomonas.

PCR diagnostics. The advantage of this method is that it allows diagnosing the disease in 100% of cases. Any biological fluid of the patient may be suitable for the study: blood, saliva, scraping from the urethra or vagina. In addition, the result can be obtained the very next day.

It should be noted that in men the disease is more difficult to detect than in women, which is associated not only with meager symptoms. Often with trichomonas carriers, microorganisms are in an atypical amoeboid form.

Treatment of Trichomonas - the process is often not too long in time.

However, it requires compliance with certain conditions both on the part of the patient and on the part of the patient, among them:

Regardless of whether the second sexual partner has symptoms of the disease, he must undergo full treatment.

Intimate life in any of its manifestations should be under an absolute ban. Sexual life should be absent until both partners receive negative tests for trichomoniasis. Only in this way can reinfection be guaranteed.

Taking specific antiprotozoal drugs is a prerequisite for a full recovery.

If there are other genitourinary infections, then they are also subject to treatment.

During the course of therapy, alcohol intake is prohibited, a sparing diet is indicated with the rejection of spicy foods.

Self-treatment of trichomoniasis is unacceptable, all drugs are prescribed only by a doctor, based on laboratory diagnostics.

Treatment of trichomonas is carried out by taking the following drugs:

Metronidazole and Metronidazole derivatives: Flagyl, Trichopolum, Tinidazole, etc.

Be sure to supplement systemic therapy with local treatment. Only in this case it is possible to achieve the desired effect. Therefore, patients are prescribed vaginal suppositories (Klion-D, Betadin, Terzhinan) and gels, for example, Metrogyl vaginal gel. Men are shown topical treatment with Rosamet or Rosex creams.

If there is no possibility of oral administration of drugs, then Osartsid suppositories are prescribed, which have a detrimental effect on the enzyme system of pathogenic organisms. In parallel, streptocide is used, which relieves inflammation.

There are several treatment regimens for Trichomonas, among them:

A seven- or ten-day course of taking Trichopolum, 1 tablet of 0.5 g, 2 times a day.

A single dose of four tablets of Tinidazole at a dosage of 0.5 g.

A seven-day course of taking Fazizhin 150 mg 2 times a day.

The chronic form of Trichomonas is treated in much the same way as the acute form. However, with a long course of infection, the human immune system suffers, so standard regimens can be supplemented with immunostimulants, adaptogens and vitamin complexes.

During treatment, certain rules for personal hygiene should be observed. Firstly, you need to wash yourself using antiseptic preparations (a solution of potassium permanganate or Furacilin). Secondly, underwear must be changed daily. Thirdly, it is allowed to use only individual washcloths, sponges and towels. This will prevent infection of family members, and in particular children.

After completing the full course of treatment for Trichomonas, a three-fold sampling of tests is necessary, which is carried out once a month. Only in this way will it be possible to make sure that Trichomonas have been completely removed from the body.

It is important to remember that drugs that have a detrimental effect on Trichomonas are incompatible with alcohol, since they all provoke the development of an antabuse-like syndrome. Therefore, in order to avoid serious poisoning, it is necessary to abandon the use of any alcohol-containing drinks. An exception to this rule is the drug Ornidazole.

Trichomonas are treated by gynecologists, urologists and venereologists. After undergoing treatment of persistent immunity, the human body is not able to develop, so re-infection is quite possible.

As for pregnant women, the possibility of therapy is determined by the supervising physician. Treatment can be carried out not earlier than the 2nd trimester.

Sometimes Trichomonas are resistant to drugs from the group of 5-nitroimidazoles. As a rule, such resistance is partial and correction of the dose or frequency of administration allows you to solve the existing problem. In order to prevent the development of resistance of microorganisms to drugs, it is necessary to follow the doctor's instructions exactly.

Prevention of the disease comes down to a reasonable approach in terms of organizing sexual life. This will provide an opportunity to protect yourself not only from trichomoniasis, but also from other sexually transmitted infections.

Is it possible to have sex during the treatment of Trichomonas? It is strictly forbidden to have sex during the treatment of Trichomonas. Moreover, intimate life should be abandoned until the results of the therapy are known.

Is it possible to get Trichomonas through oral sex? You can get Trichomonas through oral sex.

Is trichomonas transmitted through kissing? No, Trichomonas is not transmitted through a kiss.

Can there be bleeding with Trichomonas? Infection with Trichomonas does not provoke the development of bleeding. Multiple point hemorrhages of the mucous membrane of the cervix are possible, however, it is impossible to attribute the appearance of the so-called symptom of "strawberry cervix" to bleeding. Very rarely, a small amount of blood in women appears after intercourse.

Education: in 2008 he received a diploma in the specialty "General Medicine (Therapeutic and Preventive Care)" at the Russian Research Medical University named after N. I. Pirogov. Immediately passed the internship and received a diploma in therapy.