Good morning in Swedish. Swedish "How are you?" and greetings and farewells. What to answer to this

Photo source: matthias.nu

There are several ways to say hello in Swedish. Below I will list the most important and most used methods:

• Hej!- Hello! (“ Hey"). Hey is a completely normal way to say “Hi”, and of course has nothing to do with “ Hey, come here!»:)
• Hejsan!- Hi! (“ Heisan»)
• Tjena!“Something like Russian” Hey Ya!» (“ puppy\chen»)
• Halle!– in Russian it will be read as “ Hallo!". In this way, you can answer the phone. Although it can be used as a written greeting as well as all others.

You can say goodbye Hejda (“Heido") - What means " Bye“, vises (“You ses!»), vi hors (“You hash!») – “ See you!».

And wish you all the best: ha det så bra! (“Ha de so bro!»).

Swedes love to say hello! Your Swedish colleague or classmate, seeing you more than once a day, will definitely say “hey hey” to you! Twice “hey hey” sounds more fun and perky, and saying “hey hey” 10 times a day is completely normal.

In addition to informal greetings, there are more formal ones:

• "Good morning!" - “God morgon!” - It is said as “Humorron!”
• "Good afternoon!" – “ goddag!” - It is said as “Gudda!”
• "Good evening!" - “God kvall!” - It is said as “Gukvel!”
• "Good night!" – “ God natt!” - It is said as “Gunatt!”. And if even sweeter: “Natty!”

Starting to write this article, I think that I will write only about “Hey”, as a result, I got quite a lot of greetings, and even goodbyes on

The Swedes do not bother with formalities. Simple and short "Hey!" suitable in any situation: business, informal, at the first meeting ... This word means "Hello!" And "Hello", and even "Bye!" (if they are too lazy to say Hejda!)

You may come across options such as ” Godmorgon!”(= Good morning!), ” Goddag!”(= Good afternoon!), ” Godkvall/afton!”(=Good evening!). You can safely forget about them - except, perhaps, "God morgon!". Others can be used in formal business situations ... hmm, would you soon be in such situations? Here I am about the same. In everyday speech, these formalities are not needed.

The phrase "How are you?" I really like Swedish because 90% of beginners speak ” Hurmerdu?” - because many textbooks, tutorials, phrasebooks say so ... For some reason, this is presented as phrase # 1. But this is not true. A foreigner who uses the phrase "Hur mår du?" causes a smile. Because the phrase, although it exists, is used in the context of “How are you feeling?”, “How are you feeling?”, “How are you?”. It is unlikely that you will ask this from a person whom you see for the first or second time in your life. I can ask this question to a pregnant friend. I can ask this of a person who was recently ill or whose business was not going very well, for example. Or just a friend with whom I haven't talked in a long time. Like, how are you, how is life, how is your mood, how is everything in general?

How do you usually ask “How are you?”

Top 3 typical phrases:

Hur ä r det (med dig)? – literally “How is it (with you)?” Adding "med dig" is optional. Pay attention to the pronunciation:

Hur gå r det (med dig)? - literally "How does it go (with you; with you)?". Very similar to the Russian “How are you doing?”, “How are you doing?”

Hur har du det?- "How is it with you?" Poorly translated into Russian. In English it would be “How do you have it/How are you having it?”.

You may also get “Ä r det bra med dig?” - "Are you all right?". True, we say “everything” or “deeds”, and the Swedes often say “it”. "Is it good with you?" :)

You may also want to say not just “How are you?” but “How is work? How are you doing with your studies? etc. Varsagod:

Hur är det med studierna? - How are you doing with your studies?

Hur går det med din svenska? How is your Swedish progressing?

Hur har du det på jobbet? - How are you at work?

What is the answer to this?

The simplest and shortest answers are:

Bra, tack. - OK, thank you.

Fint, tack.– Fine, thanks (“Fine, thanks”).

Or “thank you, (everything) is good” - the amount does not change from rearrangement: Tack, bra/ fint.

And one more option:

bara bra, tack! - “Only good, thank you!”, That is, “everything is excellent, exceptionally good!”

You can answer more authentically by repeating the wording from the question:

Tack, det är bra (med mig). - Thanks, I'm fine.

Det går bra/fint (med mig), tack. – (I) everything is going well, thank you.

Det ä r okej. - Fine.

Jag har det bra. - I'm fine.

Do you want variety? Here are the options for you to choose from:

Det ar toppen!- Everything is great! (“Topp” - top; top).

Jä ttebra! - Great! Very good!

Ganska bra.- Pretty good.

Det ä r lugnt. - Everything is fine (literally "calmly").

(Det ä r) helt okej. - "Absolutely normal."

The last two phrases sound more informal.

What if everything is bad?

As a rule, you will not hear "Oh, I'm doing terrible," but there are compromise options:

Så dä r. - So-so.

inte så bra. - Not so good.

Reciprocal courtesy. "And you?"

If you want to ask “Well, how are you?” Here are two of the simplest and most common phrases:

Oh du? - And you?

Du då? - Well, what about you?

This ”då”, by the way, is very useful. It carries the meaning of "then, in that case." For example: "Yeah, you're fine, great! And your family (how are you)?” – (Och) din family då ?

Or: “I see, you can’t today. And tomorrow?" – Imorgon då ?

You can also say literally "how myself?»

sjä lv då?

Och(du)själv?

Logical answer: Same OK, thank you".

Också bra, tack.

So far, all the above phrases have been fairly neutral - they can be said to acquaintances, strangers, and friends. And here is something colloquial, relevant in youth speech or among friends or colleagues:

Hejsan! - Hi!

Tjena! - Great! (Less say ”Tjenare/Tjänare!”)

”Tjena!” (do you know how to pronounce it? If not - ) often goes along with “How are you?” — ” Hur ä r lä get?” or even like this: ” Lä get?”

What is "läget"? This word means "situation" or "disposition, alignment (of forces)".

So a typical everyday dialogue would sound like this:

— Hej! Hur ar det?

— Det är bra, och du?

— Det ar okej.

— Tjena! Hur ar läget?

— Jo tack, det är bra. Du de?

— Nja, så där.

— Hej hej! Hur har du det?

Jag har det toppenbra! Själv då?

— Jodå, det är ganska bra.

Yes, but what is “jo”, and where did it come from? In this context, the word means nothing. Usually used in the form ” jodå” or ” jo tack” . Phrase ” Jodå, det ä r bra” will roughly correspond to Russian " Yes Fine", " Yes, like Everything is fine".

By the way, you can listen to such short dialogues in the Rivstart A1-A2 tutorial, at the very beginning of the second chapter. There's even a listening exercise on the subject.

Here's another good video to secure different options"How are you? Okay, how about you?" http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VK7_w_yYvVc

More than just "Goodbye"

Refrain from any "Adjö", even if the textbook advises. It sounds old fashioned.

Normal options:

Hej!

Hej hej!

Hej da!

Hej så lä nge! - See you later! (Like English “So long!”)

Vi hö rs! - See you! Let's hear! (Literally: "We hear", "We hear each other")

Vi ses! - See you! See you! (Literally: "We see each other", "We see each other")

For those who communicate a lot on the Internet:

Vi skrivs ! - Let's write! (Yes, by analogy with the previous two).

And also, although a Russian person is not very accustomed to wishing Have a good day, I will share with you such a selection. Make other people happy! :)

Trevlig helg!- Happy Weekends!

Ha en bra dag!- Have a good day!

Ha det (så) bra!- Best wishes!

Ha det (så) kul! - (Wish) have fun!

Ha det (så) roligt!- (Wish) have fun!

It is impossible to translate into Russian ”Ha (det) …!”, but you can draw a parallel with English: Have fun! Have a great day!

You can indulge in variations, and instead of the hackneyed “Ha det bra!” say:

Ha det (så) skoj/jättebra/gott!

Ha det så skoj ikvä ll! – (I wish) great fun tonight!

Ha det roligt på festival! – (Wish) have fun at the party!

Ha en trevlig semester! – Have a nice vacation!

And I also have an option for lazy people;) You can limit yourself to a short "Ha det!"

Want to read "Carlson" in the original? Then we start learning Swedish.
The Swedish language is called in Swedish svenska. It is the most widely spoken language in Scandinavia with over nine million speakers. official language Sweden and one of the official languages ​​of Finland. He had a noticeable influence on the Norwegian language.

Uses the standard Latin alphabet with the addition three letters: Åå [O], Ää [e] and Öö (the sound is similar to Russian yo after consonants). Swedish is easy to learn from these letters, as, for example, Norwegian is easy to learn from letters Æ And Ø . There are some features in reading letters and letter combinations, for example, rs reads like [w], kj(And k before e, i, y, e, o) as [h], sj, skj, stj like [w], g before j, ä or ö ) as [th], tj like [h], o in an open or often closed syllable like [y], u either as [y], then as a sound close to [s]; some consonants ( g, d) at the end of the word is almost unreadable. Letter c before e, i, y it is read as [s], in other cases as [k]; ck reads like [to]; j like [th]; (s)sion And tion in the suffix they are pronounced as [shun]; sk before stressed vowels e, i, y, ä, ö- [w], in other positions - [sk].

Everyday phrases in Swedish
Hello! Hej![hey!]
Good morning! god morgon![gu moron!]
Good afternoon goddag![gu yes:!]
Good evening! God kvall![gu quel!]
Welcome! Valkommen! (Valkomna!)[v:lcomman! (ve:lkomna!)]
How are you? Hur står det till?; Hur mår du?
Bye! Hej da![hey do:!]
Goodbye! Adjo! På återseende![aye:! by: o:terseende!]
All the best! Ha det så bra![ha: de:t co: bra:!]
Thank you Tack[So]
Please Varsagod[wa:shogu:]
Thank you very much Tack så mycket; Stort-tack[so co: muket; stu:rt so]
Yes thank you Ja, tack[I just]
Fine Bra[bra:]
No thanks Nej, tack[nay, so]
Sorry Ursakta mig[w: shekta mei]
Sorry Förlät[felo:t]

Grammar Basics
In Swedish, nouns have an article, but it is used as a suffix (as in Romanian or Bulgarian): dag (day) + en = dagen, hus (house) + et = huset. According to the way the plural is formed and the addition of the article, nouns are divided into 6 groups:
Main form: skol-a (school), arm (hand), tjej (girl, girl), bi (bee), bord (table), ko (cow);
specific form: skol-a-n, arm-en, tjej-en, bi-(e)t, bord-et, ko-n;
plural: skol-or, arm-ar, tjej-er, bi-n, bord, ko-r;
plural number of a certain form: skol-or-na, arm-ar-na, tjej-er-na, bi-n-a, bord-en, ko-r-na.

Since there are no cases in Swedish, the meanings of cases are expressed by prepositions, for example:
- till (hon är mor till fyra barn"She is the mother of four children" resa till landet"to go to the village", översatta till svenska"translate into swedish", till dess"until", till exempl"For example"),
- av (bordet ar av bjork"table - made of birch", av en slump"by chance")
- for (köpa godis for fem kronor"buy sweets for five crowns"),
- i (sitta i soffan"sit on the couch" eka i bilen"ride in the car" bo i Sverige"live in Sweden")
- fren (sångerskan kommer fran USA"singer (originally) from the USA", en vas från 1500-talet"vase of the 16th century"),
- pe (på natten"at night", på besök"away", boken ligger på bordet"the book is on the table", vad heter det på svenska?"What is it called in Swedish?", vara pa modet"be in fashion").

If a noun with a definite article has a definition, then another type of article is used in front of them - this is an unstressed "free-standing article", it is also known as the "prepositional article". He has the following forms: den(singular common genus), det(singular h. cf. gender), de(read dom) (pl.), for example:
den långa dagen- long day det långa bordet- long table de långa dagarna/borden- long days/tables.

An adjective defining a noun with indefinite article generic, receives null ending, For example: en rod bil- "Red car", en vacker flicka - « beautiful girl”, The adjective that defines a neuter noun receives the ending -t, For example: ett vacert hus - « beautiful house". An adjective defining a noun in plural, gets ending -a, For example dyra bilar- expensive cars.
In a construction with a noun with a definite article, the adjective gets the ending -a regardless of the gender and number of the noun being defined, for example: den dyra bilen- this expensive car det vata golvet- "that wet floor", de dyra bilarna- "those expensive cars." However, sometimes the ending -e to refer to one male person: den unge mannen- "young man".

The verb does not conjugate for persons and numbers, there are a lot of incorrectly formed forms: for example, the common form of the present tense is from vara"to be" sounds like ar. In addition to synthetic forms (formed by endings), there are analytical ones, for example, the past tense perfect, consisting of the verb "to have" and supine (nominal form in -t): Jag har varit i Finland - "I was in Finland."

Basic forms of the verb
1. infinitive:
att kalla (call), att hänga (hang, hang, hang), att läsa (read, study, study), att tro (believe), att finna (find, cf. finnas "to be");
2. present:
kallar, hanger, läser, tror, ​​finner;
3. present passive voice:
kallas, hängs, läses, tros, finns;
4. preterite (simple past):
kallade, hängde, läste, trodde, fann;
5. preterite in passive:
kallades, hängdes, lästes, troddes, fanns;
6. subjunctive preterite:
kallade, hängde, läste, trodde, funne;
7. subjunctive preterite in passive:
kallades, hängdes, lästes, troddes, funnes;
8. supin:
kallat, hängt, läst, trott, funnit;
9. passive participle:
kallad, hängd, läst, trodd, funnen;
10. imperative mood:
kalla, häng, läs, tro, finn.

In addition to the synthetic passive on -s there is also analytic with an auxiliary verb bli.

Personal pronouns
I Jag[I:]
You Du[du:]
He Han[khan]
She Hon[hung]
It Den; Det[Dan; de:t]
We Vi[in and:]
You Ni[neither:]
They De[house]

Numerals
0 noll
1 en, ett
2 tv
3 tre
4 fyra [fy:ra]
5 fem
6 sex
7 sju
8 ita
9 nio [ni:y]
10 tio [ti: u]
11 elva
12 tolv
13 tretton
14 fjorton
15 femton
16 sexton
17 sjutton
18 arton
19 nitton
20 tjugo [shu:gu]
21 tjugoett
30 trettio [treti]
31 trettioett
40 fyrtio [fyrty]
50 femtio [femti]
60 sextio
70 sjutio [shy]
80 attio
90 nitty
100 hundra
200 tvåhundra
1000 tusen
2000 tvåtusen
1000000 million
half halv
third en tredjedel

Useful Resources
Russian-Swedish and Swedish-Russian online dictionary of about 90,000 words.

In the last decade, everything more people from all over the world from all foreign languages choose to study Swedish. There can be many reasons: someone was imbued with the Scandinavian culture, and decided that it became milestone. Someone has relatives, and knowledge of the language has acquired the status of “mandatory”. There can be many reasons. But in this article I would like to talk about gratitude. Thanks in Swedish!

Every time, receiving some kind of service, someone's courtesy, etc., I want to answer “Thank you” to this. How do the Swedes do it?

The most common "thank you" is the word " tack!”, which in Swedish sounds like “ so”, with a soft “K” at the end. You can also say “I thank you”, using the verb “att tacka”, which in the present tense will be “ Tackar". In Swedish it is pronounced something close to: “ takyar", but not "Takar"! See transcription [²t'ak:ar].

If you are asking for something and would like to thank you in advance, you can use this phrase: “ Tack på förhand" - "Thanks in advance!". Which is pronounced something like: Tak po furhand».

An expression of great gratitude can be used by everyone known: “ Tack så mycket!", which sounds something like: " So with myukke!". , thanks to its melodiousness, makes every thank you sound sweet and positive, so you should not say these phrases in a harsh tone. Practice! I recommend using online dictionary Forvo, which I described in the article: experience.

I want to note that intonation and correct pronunciation in Swedish words is a matter of training and your abilities. I try to WRITE the pronunciation as correctly as possible, but writing and saying are two different things. However, all examples are real, and the Swede will definitely understand you.

Other thanks with affiliation to something specific:

• Tack ska du ha!- periodically used. You can hear from friends and strangers.
• Tack for hjälpen!- Thanks for the help!
• Tack for maten! Thanks after the meal.
• Tack for tacket!- "Thanks for "thanks" :)

For dessert

Every year, all Swedes celebrate the holiday of buns called "semlur", treating each other with them. Of course, for the treat you need to say thank you in Swedish, i.e. "tack". And there really is something to be thankful for, because these buns are amazingly delicious, baked from high-quality white flour and stuffed with white cream and almond mass. Such a treat will not leave anyone indifferent!

Language of Sweden

What is the language in Sweden?

The answer to this question is not easy. To date official language Sweden is considered native to 90% of the country's citizens. In some regions they speak dialects.

At the same time, the official language of Sweden is Swedish, adopted for use in the media and official documents. Dialects include Elvdalian, Jämtlandian, Gutnish and Scanian.

Elvdalian is widespread in Dalarna, especially many people who do not use the common language of Sweden in communication with each other live in the commune of Olvdalen. The Gutnish dialect is common in the areas of Gotland and Fore.

The Jämtland dialect is characteristic of the province of Jämtland with the same name, where about 30,000 people do not use the common language of Sweden in communication. Finally, the Scanian dialect is most widespread in the region of Skåne. Today, however, it is increasingly influenced by the official language in Sweden.

The schools teach English, German and French. The modern Swedish alphabet consists of 29 Latin letters.