Biography of Sergei Efron husband Tsvetaeva. Georgy Efron: Short life and bright fate of the son of Marina Tsvetaeva. Nikolay Artemyevich Elenev

Marina Knight

Brilliant personalities recognized by mankind, great poets, writers, generals and peacemakers in their earthly, physical life, as a rule, closely adjoin to "ordinary" people. Geniuses often draw inspiration from the reality around them, from close people, without whom, perhaps, not a single brilliant creation would have taken place, scientific discovery or decisive battle.

These people sometimes play too important and sometimes tragic role in the personal fate of the "chosen ones of mankind"...

At the mention of Napoleon Bonaparte, the name of Empress Josephine immediately pops up in the memory, Rembrandt - Saskia, I. S. Turgenev - his tragic passion for Pauline Viardot. Talking about the work of A.S. Pushkin, it is impossible to ignore Natalia Nikolaevna Goncharova. Many Pushkin researchers are still inclined to blame the beautiful wife for the death of the great national Poet.

Sergei Efron and Marina Tsvetaeva

Sergei Yakovlevich Efron went down in history forever as the husband of another, perhaps equivalent to Pushkin, the great Russian Poet - Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva, the genius of the poetic "silver" age ...

S. Ya. Efron was born on September 26, 1893 in Moscow, in the family of the Narodnaya Volya Elizaveta Petrovna Durnovo (1855-1910), from a well-known noble family, and Yakov Konstantinovich (Kalmanovich) Efron (1854-1909), who came from a baptized Jewish family. Seryozha Efron lost his parents early. His upbringing was carried out by older sisters and relatives of his father, who were close to the revolutionary movement. However, the guardians tried to give the boy a good education. He successfully graduated from the famous Polivanov Gymnasium, studied at the Faculty of Philology of Moscow University, wrote stories, tried to play in the theater with Tairov, published student magazines, and was also engaged in underground activities.

With Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva, the daughter of a famous Moscow professor and still little known Great Poet, Sergei met in 1911.

Young people first met in Koktebel, at the famous dacha of the artist and poet Maximilian Voloshin, where almost all of St. Petersburg and Moscow bohemia visited. Until the end of his life, Max remained the closest friend for Sergey and Marina, and sometimes acted as a large and comfortable “vest”, into which the young spouses alternately “cried” during frequent family conflicts.

On the Koktebel beach, Marina Ivanovna once jokingly told Voloshin that she would marry a man who would guess what her favorite stone was.

"Marina! Max told her. Lovers are known to be stupid. And when the one you love brings you a cobblestone, you will believe that it is your favorite stone!”

"Max! I'm smart about everything! Even out of love! Marina replied.

On the same day, Sergei found and brought her a Genoese carnelian bead. Marina Tsvetaeva always carried this stone with her.

Sergei Yakovlevich was a year younger than Marina. Just like Tsvetaeva herself, in early childhood he lost his mother, besides, he did not differ in good health. The families of Marina and Sergey were not similar and close to each other neither in spirit nor in convictions, but Tsvetaeva, at the first stage of their acquaintance, sincerely admired Efron.

“If you knew what a fiery, generous, deep young man he is! she wrote in a letter to famous critic and philosopher V.V. Rozanov. “We will never part. Our meeting is a miracle!”

He seemed to her an ideal, a phenomenon of another age, an impeccable knight. Contemporaries spoke of his nobility, undoubted decency, human dignity and impeccable upbringing. However, many researchers of the life and work of M.I. Tsvetaeva, on the contrary, considered Efron a weak, weak-willed, not too smart and mediocre amateur, an early orphaned boy who was simply flattered by the attention of a girl like Marina. Such a person could never become her husband and support in the traditional sense of the word. Another thing is that the Great Poet, since he was born a woman, in principle, could not have anything “ordinary” and “traditional”! She expected miracles from him. Do not deceive this expectation - it became the main motto and goal of Sergey Efron's life for many years.

Efron immediately becomes the romantic hero of Tsvetaeva's poetry. More than twenty poems are associated with him and dedicated to him, which, in the opinion of literary critics and researchers, are absolutely devoid of eroticism. This is not at all love lyrics, even if not lyrics dedicated to a woman's beloved man.

“It was not you, O young one, who disenchanted her…” Sofya Parnok ironically throws Efron in one of her works. The “girlfriend” was right: the relationship between Tsvetaeva and Efron was always built on the kinship of souls, not bodies.

I defiantly wear his ring! - Yes, in Eternity - a wife, Not on paper! – Excessively narrow his face Like a sword. ... In his face, I am faithful to chivalry, - To all of you. Who lived and died without fear! - Such - in fatal times - Compose stanzas - and go to the chopping block.

Being the husband of the Great Poet is not only a feat, but also hard work. Sergey Yakovlevich Efron fully experienced this on himself already in the first years of his life with Marina.

Alas! Sergei was not a warrior by vocation, but he had to become one. Poor health did not allow Efron to immediately take part in the First World War. Due to a lung disease, he was only deemed "partially fit" to military service. In 1915, the student Efron voluntarily entered the ambulance train as a brother of mercy, then he completed the "crash course" of the cadet school. On February 11, 1917, he was sent to the Peterhof School of Ensigns to serve. Six months later, he was enrolled in the 56th Infantry Reserve Regiment, whose training team was in Nizhny Novgorod.

In the fall of 1917, Ensign Efron arrived in Moscow. Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva, already pregnant with her second daughter, Irina, inspired him to take part in the October battles with the Bolsheviks. Since the "fatal times" have already come, her lyrical hero had no moral right to sit at home!

In exile, again at the suggestion of his wife, Sergei wrote brief memoirs about these events. To this day, his Notes of a Volunteer is perhaps the only true story about the Moscow uprising of 1917.

Ilya Ehrenburg, who knew Marina and Sergei from their youth, who helped them find each other after the Civil War, in his conversations with biographers and researchers of Tsvetaeva’s work, said more than once that it was Marina who “sculpted” her husband as a person. She built his life, made decisions for him, guided and supported him, as loving mother supports a teenage son on a difficult life path. For her it was an urgent need, for him - a serious responsibility.

After the defeat of the white performance in Moscow, Sergei Yakovlevich again had to correspond to the heroic image created in the imagination of the Poet. The wife herself gathered and escorted her "hero" to Novocherkassk, where the White movement was born under the command of Generals Kornilov and Alekseev.

The thought involuntarily comes to mind that, if not for Marina Tsvetaeva, the place of S.Ya. Efron in the outbreak of civil strife, most likely, would have been on the other side of the barricades. According to their upbringing, origin, prevailing family traditions, he was in no way suitable for the role of the White Warrior and the White Swan from the "Swan Camp", "Separation", "Craft" ...

Nevertheless, Sergey arrived at the Don one of the first two hundred people. He took part in the 1st and 2nd Kuban campaigns of the Volunteer Army. As part of the famous Markovsky regiment, and then the division, he went through the entire Civil War: from the capture of Yekaterinodar by the whites, to the last, tragic battle for the Perekop fortifications in the Crimea. For all Volunteering (from December 1917 to November 1920), officer Efron was continuously in the ranks, never served in rear units or at headquarters. He was wounded twice, but did not bow to the bullets and did not hide behind the soldiers' backs.

“In Volunteering, he saw the salvation of Russia and the truth,” Marina Tsvetaeva wrote for Efron twenty years later. And it was true.

The “Way of the Cross” for the White Cause, committed by a person who by nature did not have either good health or combat experience, did not see in himself any qualities corresponding to the title of a warrior or fighter, cannot but arouse respect. Marina and her blessing on the path of a "volunteer" made Sergei the White Knight and became everything to him.

On your dagger: Marina - You drew, standing up for the Fatherland. I was the first and only In your magnificent life. I remember the night and the bright face In the hell of a soldier's car. I drive my hair in the wind, I keep shoulder straps in a chest ...

In the autumn of 1920, as part of his unit, Efron was evacuated to Gallipoli, then moved to Constantinople, from there to Prague. In 1921 he became a student at the University of Prague. Like many young soldiers of the White armies, Sergei Yakovlevich needed to complete his education. But even here, in the difficult conditions of emigration, he remains true to himself. Instead of choosing some profession more compatible with life, Efron enters the Faculty of Philosophy, becomes a member of the Russian student organization, then the union of Russian writers and journalists in Prague.

Marina Tsvetaeva, staying in Moscow, knew nothing about her husband's fate for more than two years. She considered Sergei dead, she herself was on the verge of despair because of the loss of their youngest daughter Irina, who died in 1920. Only in the summer of 1921, a mutual friend of Tsvetaeva and Efron, I. Ehrenburg, found a way to inform Marina that her husband was alive and in Constantinople. In May 1922, Tsvetaeva and her daughter Ariadna went to him.

Ariadne and Irina Efron, 1919

In biographical studies of the life of Marina Tsvetaeva, the version often appears that the meeting of the spouses after long separation was not so joyful and happy. The effect was that behind the “young veteran” now lay the experience of defeat, disappointment, loss of homeland and the usual way of life. In addition, Sergei was again a half-educated student and could not devote much time to his family. Marina and her daughter settled in the suburbs of Prague (they could not afford to live in the city). Efron lived in a student hostel and visited his wife only on short visits. When Tsvetaeva was passing through Berlin, then the capital of Russian publishing, she stayed there for more than a month. On the way to her husband, the famous Poet flared up and quickly burned out very scandalous romance with the editor of the Helikon publishing house A.G. Vishniak. Rumors in exile spread quickly, and the husband could not help but know about it.

However, according to the recollections of the Poet's daughter Ariadna Efron, several years in the Czech Republic were the happiest time for their reunited family. The living conditions of the Czech countryside, of course, left much to be desired. I had to do almost everything with my own hands: cut firewood, heat the stove, carry water from the well, tidy up the house ...

Under the influence of Marina, S.Ya. Efron started writing again. In Prague, he organizes the Democratic Union of Russian Students and becomes co-editor of the Union's journal Svoimy Pamy, participates in the development of the Eurasian movement, which has become widespread among the Russian emigration as an alternative to communism. Over time, politics became the main interest of the "young veteran's" life. S. Ya. Efron joined the left part of the Eurasian movement, which, as the split of Eurasianism deepened, became more and more loyal to the Soviet system.

In 1923, Tsvetaeva again had a short but stormy romance, now with a close acquaintance S.Ya. Efron in Constantinople, K.B. Rodzevich. The poet needed to draw inspiration from nature, in the surrounding people, in the current life. Sergei could no longer give it to her. Time " romantic hero» passed. He himself was fully aware of his position, but to get himself and Marina out of the vicious circle - surpassed his mental strength.

In one of the letters to Maximilian Voloshin, Sergei Yakovlevich decided to express everything that had accumulated in his soul:

“Marina is a man of passions. Surrendering headlong to her hurricane has become a necessity for her, the air of her life. Who is the causative agent of this hurricane now is not important... Everything is built on self-deception... A huge stove, for which firewood, firewood and firewood is needed to heat up. Unnecessary ash is thrown away, and the quality of firewood is not so important ... Needless to say, I have not been good for kindling for a long time ... "

In a long and desperate confession letter, Efron sometimes appears before a distant addressee in the guise of a selfish boy who only requires attention and participation in himself, accusing Marina of past and present betrayals:

“On the day of my departure (from Moscow to Novocherkassk in 1917 - E.Sh.), when I looked at everything“ with the last eyes ”, Marina divided time between me and another, whom she now calls with laughter a fool and a scoundrel ... "

“Marina is eager for death. Life has long since passed from under her feet. She talks about it continuously ... I am both a lifeline and a millstone around my neck. You can’t free yourself from the millstone without tearing out the last straw that she clings to ... "

Efron says that he would have made a decision and left if he was sure that Marina would be happy as a woman, or at least find in her next “hobby” a person close to her in spirit. But he knew Konstantin Rodzevich much better than Tsvetaeva herself. Unlike her, Efron had no illusions about him. Therefore, offering his wife a divorce, Sergei, as before, did not take real steps for the final break. He again granted Marina, as a loving mother, not so much the right as the duty to decide everything for him. And Tsvetaeva decided.

George Efron

In February 1925, she gave birth to another, more beloved son, George, who was called Moore in the family. Tsvetaeva dissolved in love for her adored child and her work. Efron, who did not have the lifeline of poetry, as well as the clear confidence that he, too, had become a parent, had to survive alone.

In 1926 the family moved from the Czech Republic to Paris. Sergei Yakovlevich never acquired any necessary profession. For the sake of earning, he goes to work at one of the Renault factories. At the same time, he works as a co-editor of the Parisian magazine Versta. In 1927, Efron starred in the French film Madonna of the Sleeping Cars (directed by Marco de Gastine and Maurice Glaze), where he played the role of a death row inmate in Batumi prison. These 12 seconds on the screen, one might say, anticipated his own future fate.

In the 1930s, Sergei Yakovlevich began working in the Homecoming Union, as well as cooperating with the Soviet special services. Since 1931, he was an employee of the Foreign Department of the OGPU in Paris. He was used as a group leader and recruiter, personally recruited 24 people from among the Parisian emigrants. Since May 29, 1933 - a member of the emigrant Masonic lodge "Gamayun". January 22, 1934 raised to the 2nd degree, and November 29, 1934 - to the 3rd degree.

The question still remains open: did Marina Tsvetaeva know that her White Knight and hero Perekop was a Soviet agent? Most likely, she guessed about it, but was afraid to admit her grave suspicions even to herself.

Sergey, whom she “sculpted” all her life and led through life, suddenly cheated on her. He cheated not with a woman, not with a “body” (Marina would easily forgive such a betrayal). He betrayed the most precious thing that she loved in him: he became an "ideological" and spiritual traitor to everything that was dear to both of them. Everything that connected them for many years.

The psychological breakdown that accompanied Tsvetaeva's further relationship with her husband was smoothed out only by creative dedication. Perhaps Marina, resigned to the inevitability, simply hid her head in the sand: after all, what does the Poet, the celestial being and the interlocutor of the Muses, care about dirty political intrigues?

But intrigue touched the most expensive. A real civil war broke out within the Tsvetaeva-Efron family already in the early 30s. Marina Ivanovna fully tasted the "charms" of life under the Bolsheviks. She never shared her husband's Eurasian views, but to his political activity and the ideas of "return" were very skeptical. For many years, Tsvetaeva unsuccessfully tried to counteract Sergei Efron's attempts to drag their children into politics. Father - an experienced recruiter - very quickly attracted Ariadne to his side, who in many ways sympathized with his views. The young girl sincerely wanted to return to her homeland, where, it seemed, they could open up before her. great prospects. Tsvetaeva managed to defend only Moore.

In 1937, agent S.Ya. Efron, together with General Skoblin, also an NKVD agent and a former "pioneer" white movement, was involved in the kidnapping of the chairman of the ROVS (Russian All-Military Union), General E.K. Miller.

According to one version, Sergei Yakovlevich Efron was also involved in the murder of Ignatius Reis (Poretsky) - Soviet spy who refused to return to the USSR. In October 1937, the "failed" agent Efron was taken to Le Havre, from where he was taken by steamer to Leningrad. Following him, his family was taken to the USSR.

Ariadna Efron left a little earlier and voluntarily, while Marina Ivanovna and Mura, who at any moment could become victims of both the NKVD and White émigré "activism", had no other choice. Of course, Tsvetaeva could have turned to the French authorities and asked for their help, but there was no hope for something real. The emigrant community would gladly accept back the author of Swan Camp and Perekop, but they would never forgive the wife of a Soviet spy and traitor. It was unthinkable for Tsvetaeva to renounce a person who was in trouble. In 1938, Marina Ivanovna decided to follow her husband.

Upon returning to the Soviet Union, Efron and his family were given the state dacha of the NKVD in Bolshevo, near Moscow. Soon after returning, the daughter of Sergei Yakovlevich Ariadna was arrested. She spent ten years in prison and Kolyma camps, was rehabilitated only in 1955.

Efron himself was arrested on November 10, 1939. He was convicted by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on August 6, 1941 under Art. 58-1-a of the Criminal Code, sentenced to capital punishment. He was shot in August 1941.

On August 31, 1941, in Yelabuga, Marina Tsvetaeva, the great Russian national poet, took her own life.

Her son Georgy Sergeevich Efron (Mur) died during the Great Patriotic War.

S.Ya. Efron, of course, played a fatal role in the fate of Marina Tsvetaeva, as well as in the fate of his entire family. The White Knight flew off forever from the high pedestal erected to him by the brilliant verses of the Great Poet. From the volunteer and the "pioneer", as from a traitor to the White Cause, all yesterday's comrades-in-arms disowned. The Soviet secret services rewarded their agent with repression and execution.

Perhaps only Tsvetaeva could truly understand what moved her White Swan when he, breaking away from her, tried on someone else's, so unnecessary to him, the role of an agent of the OGPU-NKVD. She knew that Sergei Yakovlevich, her Seryozha, never did anything for evil, that he was by no means a weak, confused person, as many historians of the White movement and M. Tsvetaeva's biographers are trying to explain today.

Sergei Yakovlevich, like many emigrants, really wanted to return to his homeland. He wanted to be useful to his country again, he dreamed of realizing his spiritual and intellectual potential, to change the life of his growing children for the better and, perhaps, to regain the main thing that was in his life - Marina. And finally, against all odds, he succeeded.

In 1941, on the thirtieth anniversary of their first meeting, Tsvetaeva literally shouted her 1920 poem to Sergei into eternity:

I wrote on a slate board, And on the leaves of faded fans, And on river and sea sand, With skates on ice, and with a ring on glass, And on trunks that have hundreds of winters, And, finally, - so that everyone knows! - What you love! love! love! love!- Signed - a rainbow of heaven. How I wanted everyone to bloom For centuries with me! under my fingers! And how then, bowing her forehead on the table, crossed out crosswise - the name ... But you, in the hand of a corrupt scribe Clamped! you, that sting my heart! Unsold by me! inside the ring! You will survive on the tablets.

She survived Efron by only a few days. Loving heart no notice is needed that part of him is dead. It stops beating and dies...

It turns out that there is nowhere to wait for help. We are on our own. But no one, as if by agreement, speaks of the hopelessness of the situation. They act as if their ultimate success is beyond doubt. And at the same time, it is clear that not today or tomorrow we will be destroyed. And everyone, of course, feels it.

For some reason, all the officers are hastily summoned to the Assembly Hall. I'm going. The hall is already full. Junkers are crowding at the door. In the center is a table. Around him are several civilians - those whom we led from the city duma. On the faces of those gathered - painful and unkind expectation.

One of the civilians climbs onto the table.

Who is this? - I ask.

Lord! he begins in a broken voice. - You are officers and there is nothing to hide the truth from you. Our position is hopeless. Help is nowhere to be found. There are no cartridges and shells. Every hour brings new sacrifices. Further resistance to brute force is useless. Having seriously weighed these circumstances, the Committee of Public Safety has now signed the terms of surrender. These are the conditions. Officers retain their assigned weapons. The junkers are left with only the weapons they need for their occupations. Everyone is guaranteed absolute security. These conditions come into force from the moment of signing. The representative of the Bolsheviks undertook to stop the shelling of the areas occupied by us so that we immediately began to draw up our forces.

Who authorized you to sign the terms of surrender?

I am a member of the Provisional Government.

And you, as a member of the Provisional Government, consider it possible to stop the fight against the Bolsheviks? Surrender to the will of the winners?

I do not consider it possible to continue the useless slaughter, - Prokopovich replies excitedly.

Frantic screams:

A shame! - Another betrayal. - They only know how to surrender! - They didn't dare to sign for us! - We won't give up!

Prokopovich stands with his head bowed. A young colonel, a Knight of St. George, Khovansky, comes forward.

Lord! I take the liberty of speaking on your behalf. There can be no surrender! If you like, you who were not with us and did not fight, you who signed this shameful document, you can surrender. But I, like the majority of those present here, would rather put a bullet in my head than surrender to the enemies, whom I consider traitors to the Motherland. I just spoke with Colonel Dorofeev. The order was given to clear the way to the Bryansk railway station. The Dragomilovsky bridge is already in our hands. We will occupy the echelons and move south, to the Cossacks, in order to gather forces there for further struggle against the traitors. So, I propose to divide into two parts. One - surrenders to the Bolsheviks, the other breaks through to the Don with weapons.

The colonel's speech is met with a roar of delight and cries:

On Don! - Down with change! But the excitement doesn't last long. Following the young colonel, another, older and less showy, speaks.

I know, gentlemen, that you will not like what you hear from me and may even seem ignoble and base. Believe only that it is not fear that guides me. No, I'm not afraid of death. I want only one thing: for my death to bring benefit, not harm to the homeland. I will say more - I call you to the most difficult feat. The hardest, because it involves compromise. You have just been offered to break through to the Bryansk railway station. I warn you - one out of ten will break through to the station. And this is the best! A tenth of the survivors who managed to capture the railroad trains, of course, will not reach the Don. The roads will be dismantled or bridges blown up, and those who break through will have to somewhere far from Moscow either surrender to the brutalized Bolsheviks and be killed, or all die in an unequal battle. Don't forget we don't have any ammo. Therefore, I believe that there is nothing left for us but to put down our weapons. Here, in Moscow, we have no one to protect. The last member of the Provisional Government bowed his head before the Bolsheviks. But, - the colonel raises his voice, - I also know that everyone who is here - whether we survive or not, I don’t know - will put all their energy into making their way alone to the Don, if forces are gathering there to save Russia.

The Colonel finished. Some shout:

To break through to the Don all together! We can't crash!

Others are silent, but, apparently, they agree not with the first, but with the second colonel.

I realized that the thread that tightly tied us one to the other was broken and that everyone was again left to himself.

Grandpa comes up to me. Goltsev. Lips compressed. He looks serious and calm.

Well, Seryozha, to the Don?

Don, I answer.

He holds out his hand to me, and we shake hands, the strongest handshake I've ever had in my life.

Don was ahead.

The Kremlin has been abandoned. During the surrender, my regiment commander, Colonel Pekarsky, who had recently taken the Kremlin, was stabbed with bayonets.

The school is cordoned off by the Bolsheviks. All exits are busy. In front of the school, Red Guards are walking around, hung with hand grenades and machine-gun belts, soldiers ...

When one of us approaches the window, there is a scolding from below, threats, fists are shown, rifles are aimed at our windows. Downstairs, in the office of the school, all officers are given two-week vacations prepared earlier by the commandant. Pay monthly wages in advance. They offer to hand over revolvers and checkers.

Georgy Efron is not just “the son of the poet Marina Tsvetaeva”, but an independent phenomenon in national culture. Having lived negligibly little, not having time to leave behind planned works, having not accomplished any other feats, he nevertheless enjoys the constant attention of historians and literary critics, as well as ordinary book lovers - those who love a good style and non-trivial judgments about life.

France and childhood

George was born on February 1, 1925, at noon, on Sunday. For parents - Marina Tsvetaeva and Sergey Efron - it was a long-awaited, dreamed-up son, the third child of the spouses ( youngest daughter Tsvetaeva Irina died in Moscow in 1920).

Father, Sergei Efron, noted: “There is nothing of mine ... The spitting image of Marin Tsvetaev!”
From birth, the boy received the name Moore from his mother, which was assigned to him. Moore was both a word "related" to her own name and a reference to her beloved E.T. Hoffmann with his unfinished novel Kater Murr, or "The Worldly Views of the Cat Murr with the addition of waste sheets with a biography of Kapellmeister Johannes Kreisler".

Not without some scandalous rumors - rumor attributed paternity to Konstantin Rodzevich, in which Tsvetaeva was in a close relationship for some time. Nevertheless, Rodzevich himself never recognized himself as Moore's father, and Tsvetaeva made it clear that Georgy was the son of her husband Sergei.

By the time the younger Efron was born, the family lived in exile in the Czech Republic, where they moved after civil war at home. Nevertheless, already in the autumn of 1925, Marina with her children - Ariadne and little Moore moved from Prague to Paris, where Moore would spend his childhood and form as a person. My father stayed for some time in the Czech Republic, where he worked at the university.

Moore grew up as a blond "cherub" - a plump boy with a high forehead and expressive blue eyes. Tsvetaeva adored her son - this was noted by everyone who had a chance to communicate with their family. In her diaries, records about her son, about his activities, inclinations, attachments, are given a huge number of pages. "Sharp but sober mind", "Reads and draws - motionless - for hours". Moore began to read and write early, he was fluent in both languages ​​- his native language and French. His sister Ariadne noted in her memoirs his giftedness, "critical and analytical mind." According to her, George was "simple and sincere, like a mother."

Perhaps it was the great similarity between Tsvetaeva and her son that gave rise to such a deep affection, reaching to admiration. The boy himself was rather reserved with his mother, friends sometimes noted Moore's coldness and harshness towards his mother. He addressed her by name - "Marina Ivanovna" and also called her in a conversation - which did not look unnatural, in the circle of acquaintances they recognized that the word "mother" from him would have caused much more dissonance.

Diary entries and moving to the USSR

Moore, like his sister Ariadne, kept diaries from childhood, but most of them have been lost. There are records in which 16-year-old Georgy admits that he avoids communication because he wants to be interesting people not as "the son of Marina Ivanovna, but as "Georgy Sergeevich" himself.
The father occupied little space in the boy’s life, they had not seen each other for months, due to the coldness that arose in relations between Tsvetaeva and Ariadna, the sister also moved away, busy with her life - therefore real family only two of them could be named - Marina and her Mura.

When Moore was 14, he first came to his parents' homeland, which now bore the name of the USSR. Tsvetaeva could not make this decision for a long time, but still went - for her husband, who did business with the Soviet security forces, which is why in Paris, in an emigre environment, an ambiguous, indefinite attitude arose towards the Efrons. All this Moore felt distinctly, with the insight of a teenager and with the perception of an intelligent, well-read, thinking person.

In his diaries, he mentions his inability to quickly establish strong friendships - keeping aloof, not allowing anyone, neither relatives nor friends, to his innermost thoughts and experiences. Moore was constantly haunted by the state of "disintegration, discord" caused by both moving and family problems - the relationship between Tsvetaeva and her husband remained difficult throughout George's childhood.
One of the few close friends of Moore was Vadim Sikorsky, "Valya", in the future - a poet, prose writer and translator. It was he and his family who happened to receive George in Yelabuga, on the terrible day of his mother's suicide, which happened when Moore was sixteen.

After the death of Tsvetaeva

After the funeral of Tsvetaeva, Moore was sent first to the Chistopol boarding school, and then, after a short stay in Moscow, to evacuate to Tashkent. The following years were filled with constant malnutrition, unsettled life, uncertainty further fate. My father was shot, my sister was under arrest, my relatives were far away. George's life was brightened up by acquaintances with writers and poets - first of all with Akhmatova, with whom he became close for some time and about whom he spoke with great respect in his diary - and rare letters that, along with money, were sent by Aunt Lily (Elizaveta Yakovlevna Efron) and civil husband sisters Mulya (Samuil Davidovich Gurevich).

In 1943, Moore managed to come to Moscow, to enter the literary institute. He had a desire for writing since childhood - starting to write novels in Russian and French. But studying at the Literary Institute did not provide a deferment from the army, and after graduating from the first year, Georgy Efron was called up for service. As the son of a repressed man, Moore first served in the penal battalion, noting in letters to his relatives that he felt depressed from the environment, from the eternal battle, from the discussion of prison life. In July 1944, already taking part in the hostilities on the first Belorussian Front, Georgy Efron was seriously wounded near Orsha, after which there is no exact information about his fate. Apparently, he died from his wounds and was buried in a mass grave - there is such a grave between the villages of Druika and Strunevshchina, but the place of his death and burial is considered unknown.

“All hope is on the forehead,” Marina Tsvetaeva wrote about her son, and it is impossible to say for sure whether this hope came true, or whether she was prevented by the chaos and uncertainty of the first emigrant environment, then return disorder, repression, then war. For the 19 years of his life, Georgy Efron suffered more pain and tragedy than the heroes take on. works of art, countless of which he read and could, perhaps, write himself. Moore's fate deserves the title of "uncompleted", but nevertheless he managed to earn his own place in Russian culture - not just as the son of Marina Ivanovna, but as a separate person, whose view of his time and his environment cannot be overestimated.

life path Moore's father, Sergei Efron, although he also passed in the shadow of Tsvetaeva, was nevertheless full of events - and one of them was

“Yes, I, perhaps, a strange person, Others marvel! To be, despite our twentieth century, So happy! Not listening to the secret similarity of souls, Not all such fables, To tell everyone that I have a husband, That he is beautiful! .. "

This is the first poem that Marina Tsvetaeva dedicated to her husband Sergei Efron.

Husband is a high school student

They met in Koktebel, Marina was invited to stay by her older friend Maximilian Voloshin. Eighteen-year-old Marina was looking for beautiful stones on the seashore, seventeen-year-old Sergey came up and began to help her. Marina looked into his huge eyes with incredibly long eyelashes and thought:

if he finds and gives me a carnelian, I will marry him.

Of course, Seryozha found this carnelian.

Many years will pass, and Sergey bitterly writes in a letter to a friend that Marina cannot live without storms and heroes that she invents herself. If the hero turned out to be a nonentity - well, she soon cooled down to him, if not, then she continued to invent him. Without this, she could not write poetry ... But Marina also came up with Sergey, immediately appointing him, still a boy, a shy orphan, a tragic knight and a lion. She called him that: Leo, Leo.

The need to comply with this idea frightened Efron, but he had no choice.

The first joint years were cloudless. Tsvetaeva surrounded Sergei some even over-concern. He fell ill with consumption, and Marina took care of his health, writing reports to his sister about how many bottles of milk he drank and how many eggs he ate. Marina took care of Sergei like a mother: he was still a high school student, and when their eldest daughter, Alya, was born, he took exams for the eighth grade as an external student.

cursed days

The war began, and Efron tried to sign up for the front as a volunteer. They didn’t take him: the medical board sees traces of a tuberculous lesion on his lungs, and then he goes to the front on an ambulance train. Then he managed to enter the cadet school. After the revolution, Sergei fought on the side of the White Army. For two years, Marina did not hear anything about her husband, and did not even know if he was alive.

Marina was tormented by anxiety, heavy thoughts about her husband plagued her, but she was a poet, and even in these two years she flared up, fell in love, or invented love for herself. Just a feeling for Sergei was above all this and occupied a separate place in her soul:

“If you are alive, if I am destined to see you again, listen! When I write to you. You are, since I am writing to you! If God does a miracle - leaves you alive, I will follow you like a dog ... ”, she wrote.

And with all this, she had to live, live, survive in hungry post-revolutionary Moscow. Once, when all the possibilities to get food were exhausted, Marina sent the girls to the Kuntsevsky orphanage: she was told that the children were fed rice and chocolate there. When it turned out that there was no chocolate at all, and the children in the orphanage were crying from hunger, Marina took eldest daughter- beloved. Wouldn't take two. On March 2, 1920, little Irina died of starvation.

"Snatching the older one from the darkness - She did not save the younger one."

Meeting

Another terrible year passed, and Ilya Ehrenburg found Efron in Prague. Soon Marina received a letter from her husband: “My dear friend, Marinochka, today received a letter from Ilya Ehrenburg that you are alive and well. After reading the letter, I wandered around the city all day, mad with joy. What should I write to you? Where to begin? I have a lot to say to you, but I have forgotten how not only to write, but also to speak. I live by faith in our meeting. Without you, there will be no life for me. Live! I I will not demand anything from you - I do not need anything, except that you are alive. Take care of yourself, I conjure you ... God bless you. Your Sergei.

Marina procured a foreign passport, took Alya and left for her husband. Little Casanova

They lived in the Czech Republic for three years. Sergey studied at Karov University, Marina and Alya rented a room in the suburbs of Prague. Here Efron and Tsvetaeva experienced the biggest test for their marriage: Marina fell in love with Konstantin Radzevich. It was a classmate of Sergei, the local "little Casanova", a rather ordinary person. As usual, Marina invented a hero out of him, writing poems for him all night long ...

I had to choose: new lover or husband. She was in despair, did not sleep for two weeks and finally announced that she would not be able to live, knowing that Sergey was somewhere completely alone.

“And I could if Marina got to the person whom I trusted. I knew that little Casanova would leave Marina in a week, and under Marina’s state, this would be tantamount to death, ”Sergey admitted in a letter to Voloshin.

Marina lived for a long time with the feeling that she was forced to give up incredible happiness. Her husband was for her at the same time a saving straw and a millstone around her neck. Sometimes she hated him, got annoyed at his every gesture, every word ... It was difficult for both him and her.

Soon after this story, Marina had a son, Moore. She was always sure that Moore's father was Efron.

Home

The family moved to Paris. Efron began to talk more and more about his desire to return to his homeland. He began to think that his participation in the White Movement was dictated by a false sense of solidarity, that the emigrants were largely to blame for the country they left ... These reflections led him to cooperate with the Soviet authorities. In the Parisian Homecoming Union, he became one of the leaders, participated in a number of dubious actions. Soviet secret services… Children also linked their future with Soviet Union, even Moore was eager for the USSR. Alya left first. Bunin saw her off at the station:

Fool, where are you going, they will rot you in Siberia.

If I was like you 25, I would go too. Let Siberia, let them rot! But Russia!

Then came the turn of Efron - he was exposed after one unsuccessful operation, and he literally fled to the USSR.

In this family, Marina was the only opponent of the return: "I'm impossible there." And she would never have returned if not for her husband. Once Tsvetaeva caught the eye of a letter that she wrote in hungry Moscow in 1917: “If God does a miracle, leaves you alive, I will follow you like a dog ...” .

“Here I’ll go. Like a dog,” she wrote on this yellowed piece of paper in 1939.

A few months after returning from exile, Ariadna was arrested, and then Sergei. He was waiting for the arrest - this whole short period was accompanied by heart attacks and panic attacks for him. These days, Marina wrote her last work, dictated by love for her husband - a letter to Beria, in which she begs "to figure everything out", that she had lived with her husband for 30 years and had not met a person better than him ...

Marina committed suicide on August 31, 41. Efron was shot a month and a half later: she was gone - he was gone too. Moore died at the front.

In all this crucible, only Alya survived the Mordovian camps and the Siberian exile, and the pink carnelian, a long time ago, in an unreal happy life given by a shy boy to a green-eyed girl...

An almost serene childhood and an incredibly difficult life full of hardships with a tragic ending - such is the fate of the great poetess. She was looking for love and happiness, but the era of revolutions and wars intervened in the fragile world of the family, breaking it into pieces and scattering it around the world ...

LOVE STORY

MARINA TSVETAEVA AND SERGEY EFRON

An almost serene childhood and an incredibly difficult life full of hardships with a tragic ending - such is the fate of the great poetess. She was looking for love and happiness, but the era of revolutions and wars intervened in the fragile world of the family, breaking it into pieces and scattering it around the world ...

Seize every opportunity for self-improvement

Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva was born on September 26, 1892 in Moscow. Father, Ivan Vladimirovich Tsvetaev, was a professor at Moscow University - an art critic, founder and director of the first Museum of Fine Arts in Europe (now the Pushkin Museum). Mother, Maria Aleksandrovna Mein, is a talented pianist.

Marina and her younger sister Anastasia received an excellent education. The girl wrote her first poems in Russian, German and French at the age of six. At her mother's insistence, she attended a music school and took music lessons at home. Due to the illness of the mother, the family lived abroad for some time, which is where in the biography of Marina Tsvetaeva - studying in boarding schools in Switzerland, Germany, France. In 1908, she entered the Sorbonne to take a course of lectures on Old French literature. Marina Tsvetaeva's love for foreign languages later served her well: in the future, it was translations that became her livelihood.

Admit your mistakes

Researchers of the work and life of Marina Tsvetaeva include several stormy novels in her biography. But the fate and greatest love of Marina Tsvetaeva was Sergei Efron. Her chosen one was a descendant of an old noble family from among baptized Jews. Orphaned at an early age, he grew up under the supervision of a guardian. He graduated from the Polivanov gymnasium, studied at the philological faculty of Moscow University. In January 1912, the young people got married. In the same year, the daughter Ariadne was born.

Marina Tsvetaeva's love for her husband seemed indestructible, but happiness was overshadowed by the fact that in family life young people, a woman intervened, known for her vicious relationships and who decided to seduce the young wife of Efron at all costs. Marina, who needed motherly love, did not notice how she ended up in the networks of Sofia Parnok.

Soon the first World War. Sergei volunteered for the front, and Marina saw the light, realizing that happiness is her family. She promised to give birth to her husband a son, but a second daughter was born. Letters from the front rarely came, and after the revolution, communication was completely interrupted. For several years there was no news at all from Sergei Yakovlevich. At this time, life was not favorable to Marina Tsvetaeva: she was in poverty with two children, she was starving, she sold her things in order to survive. The youngest died in an orphanage, where she gave her, hoping to save her from the cold and exhaustion.

Sergei Efron, an officer in the Volunteer Army, was at that moment fighting the Bolsheviks in the Crimea. Later, Tsvetaeva found out that her husband was abroad, and obtained the opportunity to go to him. Three years of life in the Czech Republic became a time of struggle for existence. She and her daughter Alya rented a room in the suburbs, her husband lived in a hostel and studied at Charles University. Marina did not want to be hardy, seven-veined, as those around her considered her, but the circumstances developed. Efron's classmate was Konstantin Radzevich, a local Casanova. He did not like poetry at all and in Marina Tsvetaeva he saw a woman, not a poet. But this is what made Tsvetaeva pay attention to him. An affair began, it came to a divorce. But after painful thought, Marina chose her husband.

Don't lose hope

In February 1925, Marina Tsvetaeva's son George was born. A few months later, the family moved to Paris. Sergei Efron became one of the founders of the "Society of Returnees" and became embroiled in the murder of Ignatius Reis, a Soviet resident who openly spoke out against Stalin. Tsvetaeva's husband had to flee to the USSR. Together with him, his daughter went home. The poetic life of Marina Tsvetaeva stopped: in France she was boycotted and banned from publishing.

When, after seventeen years of emigration, the poetess returned to her homeland with her son, her younger sister Anastasia had already been arrested. In the fall of 1939, the daughter was arrested, and then her husband. The only type of income upon Marina's return was transfers.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, she was evacuated to Yelabuga. There were almost no means of subsistence. In Chistopol, where many evacuated writers lived, Marina Tsvetaeva received a residence permit and left a statement: “To the council of the Literary Fund. I ask you to hire me as a dishwasher in the opening canteen of the Litfond. It was August 26, 1941, and two days later Marina returned to Yelabuga, where she was later found hanged.

In the country in which her father founded the world-famous museum, Tsvetaeva did not find a place. Before her death, the poetess wrote three notes: to those who would bury her, acquaintances Aseev with a request to take care of her son George and her son: “Purlyga! Forgive me, but it could get worse. I'm seriously ill, it's not me anymore. I love you madly. Understand that I could no longer live. Tell dad and Ala - if you see - that you loved them until the last minute and hit a dead end.

R. S. Marina Tsvetaeva is buried at the Peter and Paul Cemetery in Yelabuga. The location of her grave is unknown. In 1991, on the day of the fiftieth anniversary of the death in the Moscow Church of the Ascension of the Lord at the Nikitsky Gates, with the blessing of Patriarch Alexy, given in response to the petition of Sister Anastasia Tsvetaeva and the famous theologian Andrei Kuraev, a funeral was performed for the Russian poet (she hated the word "poetess") Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva.