romantic hero. Romanticism in Russia is a characteristic feature of style and period. See what "Romantic Hero" is in other dictionaries

Romanticism was the product of the turbulent events of the early 19th century (the era of Napoleon and subsequent reaction). Dissatisfaction with the present, uncertainty about the future. Romanticism as a current embraced

• philosophical thought (Schelling, Fichte),
• political aspirations (),
• poetry (Byron and Hugo),
• painting (Delacroix, Bryullov).

And although in the 30-40s this style was replaced as the main direction, romantic works of art were created later (at the end of the 19th century, Scandinavian literature), and are being created now (in literature, cinema, painting).

Characteristic features of romanticism

These include:

• Individualism

The romantic hero is opposed to the world, the world does not accept him, and he does not accept this world. Love is associated with betrayal, friendship with betrayal. He is lonely and disappointed, cursed with loneliness. He cannot find a soul mate, a person who loves and understands him. All his attempts to find his place in life are in vain. Happiness is the lot of ordinary people, philistines, who can only enjoy this life. Only a genius can comprehend the tragedy of life, its injustice. Therefore, the life of a romantic is tragic, his destiny is suffering.

• rebellion

If life is tragic in its essence and structure, then the only way out for a person is rebellion. Rebellion is the normal relation of the romantic hero to the world. Rebellion can be active, when the hero comes into conflict with this world and strives to remake it, or passive - retreat into dreams, dreams. The positive hero of romanticism is often opposed to. A demon cast down and rejected by God. God is the order that affirms everyday slavery. The demon is an eternal rebel, a fighter for freedom.

• Contradictory attitude towards the people

The romantic hero thinks of himself as a fighter against world evil in the name of the good of the people. But the people, from the point of view of romanticism, is a passive mass. The hero can sacrifice his life for the sake of others, but at the same time despises the crowd and the mob. While sacrificing, he is at the same time lonely and despised by those for whom he sacrifices.

• Feeling is higher than reason, therefore art is higher than science

In art, expressiveness is important, the exposure of one's feelings to the reader.

• ABOUT lack of rules and

the price has originality, originality, individual style.

• Unusual in everything

The appearance of the hero reflects him inner world, spirituality. Beauty is not as important here as in.

• Interest in national creativity, fairy tales, legends, medieval legends

Particular interest in the East and its unusualness (for Russia, this is the Caucasus), as well as in northern legends (Scotland).

The word ROMANTISM.

NOVEL - love relationship between man and woman.

ROMANTIC - one who is sublime, emotionally related to something.

ROMANCE - a short piece of music for voice accompanied by an instrument,

written in lyric poetry.

During the conversation, the teacher asks the question: "How are the meanings of these three words similar?" The term ROMANTISM, the meaning of which you will learn today in the lesson, is also directly related to the concept of feeling.

Different eras - different criteria for evaluating a person.

The society has always been important criterion by which it would be possible to evaluate a person. Each era put forward different criteria for evaluation. For example, antique era looked at a person from the point of view of his appearance, physical beauty: it is enough to recall that the sculptures of that time depict naked, physically developed people. Outward beauty has been replaced by spiritual beauty.

Society in the 18th century was convinced that the strength of a person is in his mind. The world was created by God, and the task of man is to rationally improve this world. Thus, humanity entered the Age of Enlightenment. However, fanatical admiration for the power of the mind, of course, could not exist for a long time: convictions are convictions, and in better side practically nothing changes. On the contrary: such ideas led to revolutionary upheavals and bloodshed (for example, under the slogan “In the name of reason!” There was a revolution in France), and by the end of the 18th century. swept a wave of disappointment in the power of the mind. The need for an alternative became obvious. This alternative has been found. What is the opposite of reason in man? Feelings.

As we have already said, it is with the concept of feeling that the term ROMANTICISM is associated. ROMANTICISM is a trend in culture that affirms the intrinsic value of a spiritual and creative personality, the cult of nature, feelings and the natural in man.

Now the artist, addressing the connoisseur of beauty, appealed, first of all, to his feelings, and not to the mind, guided not by sober mental reflections, but by the dictates of the heart.

Dual world (antithesis)

To begin with, let's recall the concept of ANTITHESIS. Find the antithesis in the following passages:

1. I am a king, I am a slave, I am a worm, I am a god.

2. They got along. Water and stone, Poetry and prose, ice and fire Not so different from each other...

3. Bright thoughts rise In my torn heart, And bright thoughts fall, Burnt by dark fire.

4. Today I soberly triumph, tomorrow I cry and sing.

5. You are a prose writer - I am a poet

you are rich - I am very poor.

Antithesis (from the Greek antithesis - opposition) - a comparison of sharply contrasting or opposite concepts and images to enhance the impression.

Suggested answers:

1. king - slave worm - god

2. water - stone poetry - prose ice - flame

3. light - dark

4. today - tomorrow I triumph - I cry and sing

5. prose writer - poet rich - poor

What antithesis caused the transition from the previous era to the era of romanticism? MIND - FEELINGS. For understanding of ROMANTISM the key is the concept of FEELING, which is opposed to MIND. An antithesis arises, which is also reflected in the artist's attitude to the world around him. Reasonable reality does not find a response in the soul of romance: the real world is unfair, cruel, terrible. In search of the best, the artist dreams of going beyond reality: it is there, outside existing life, he is presented with the opportunity to acquire perfection, dreams, ideals.

This is how the DOUBLE WORLD, characteristic of romanticism, arises: “here” and “there”. The despised "here" is a modern reality of romance, where evil and injustice triumph. “There” is a kind of poetic reality that the romantic opposes to reality.

The question arises: where to find this “there”, this ideal world? Romantics find it in their own souls, and in the other world, and in the life of uncivilized peoples, and in history. This “there” is given to the reader through the prism of the artist's view. And can romance passed through the soul be everyday, prosaic? In no case! It, emphasizing the break with the prose of life, will certainly be very unusual, sometimes even unexpected for the reader.

The main features of a romantic hero

Rejection, denial of reality determined the specifics of the romantic hero. This is a fundamentally new hero, like him did not know the old

literature. He is in hostile relations with the surrounding society, opposed to it. This is an unusual person, restless, most often lonely and with tragic fate. The romantic hero is the embodiment of a romantic rebellion against reality. Romantic hero in the flesh - English poet George Noel Gordon Byron (1788-1824).

Answer questions on your own:

1. How does a romantic relate to reality?

Suggested answer: the romantic does not accept reality, he runs away from it.

2. Where is the romantic going?

Suggested answer: a romantic aspires to a dream, to an ideal, to perfection.

3. How are events, landscape, people depicted?

Suggested answer: events, landscape, people are depicted in an unusual, unexpected way.

4. Where can a romantic find an ideal?

Suggested answer: the romantic finds his ideal in his own soul, in the other world, in the life of uncivilized peoples.

5. What becomes a cult for a romantic? Suggested answer: the romantic strives for freedom.

6. What is the meaning of a romantic life?

Suggested answer: the meaning of the life of a romantic is in rebellion against reality, in a feat, in gaining freedom.

7. How does fate test romance?

Suggested answer: fate offers romance exceptional, tragic circumstances.

romantic hero- one of artistic images romantic literature. A romantic is an exceptional and often mysterious person who usually lives in exceptional circumstances. The clash of external events is transferred to the inner world of the hero, in whose soul there is a struggle of contradictions. As a result of such a reproduction of the character, romanticism raised the value of the personality, inexhaustible in its spiritual depths, extremely highly, opening its unique inner world. Man in romantic works is also embodied with the help of contrast, antithesis: on the one hand, he is the crown of creation, and on the other hand, he is a weak-willed toy in the hands of fate, forces unknown and beyond his control. Therefore, he often turns into a victim of his own passions. The romantic hero is lonely. He or he himself runs from the familiar, convenient for others world, which seems to him a prison. Or he is an exile, a criminal. He is driven on a dangerous path by a reluctance to be like everyone else, a thirst for a storm. For the Romantic hero freedom dearer than life. To do this, he is capable of anything if he feels inner rightness. A romantic hero is an integral personality; one can always single out a leading character trait in him.

Romanticism as a trend in literature and art began to take shape at the end of the 18th century as a result of the crisis of the ideas of rationalism that dominated the Enlightenment. Unlike rationalists, romantics appealed not to reason, but to feelings, giving priority to the personal over the public, the ordinary over the unusual, and often the supernatural. The personality, its aspirations and experiences were placed in the center of attention of romance. It should be noted that the romantics introduced into literature the image of a man endowed with extraordinary abilities and strong passions, misunderstood and persecuted by society. The hero of romanticism, as a rule, demonstratively opposes himself to other people, the crowd, and often challenges more powerful forces, even God. The adventures of the romantic hero unfold against a background that is quite consistent with his eccentricity: it is either an exotic landscape of distant lands, or an ominous old castle, or fantastic circumstances.

The heroes of Byron are romantics, an example of Conrad from the poem "The Corsair". The name itself speaks of the occupation of the protagonist of the work: Konrad is a pirate, a sea robber. He is a pirate acting at his own peril and risk. the first correspondence with the canons of romanticism: the hero of the work is an outcast, a person outside the law. We can have different attitudes towards the poeticization of the image of a sea robber, however, it should be remembered that it is precisely such individuals who have broken with society, challenging it with all their behavior, and are the object of attention of a romantic writer who is absolutely not interested in the righteous life of an inhabitant. In addition, the hero of Byron's poem is by no means some bandit who is ready to cut his throat for a pair of gold coins. Severe discipline reigns in Conrad's detachment; he himself not only does not drink wine, but is unshakably faithful to his only beloved. In relation to women, Konrad is generally a true knight: during a raid on the pasha's palace, he saves the wives of his opponent from a burning building. This is the image of the "noble robber". It should be noted that such heroes are found in the legends of many peoples. several Yet characteristic features romanticism: the hero of the poem is an exceptional person in terms of his organizational, moral and moral character. In addition, a certain rapprochement with the legendary "noble robbers" is also a feature of romanticism - the appeal to folklore traditions and myths is not uncommon for romantic writers. The scene is a picturesque island. a corsair fights with Muslim warriors against the backdrop of oriental nature and magnificent palaces. The poem ends abruptly: we do not know where Byron's hero will go, how his further fate And this is also in the tradition of romanticism.

Emily Brontë - "Wuthering Heights"- not just a golden classic of world literature, but a novel that turned the notion of romantic prose upside down. a story of stormy, passionate, tragic love Heathcliff and Katie is still interesting. Heathcliff is a rebel rising against the established order, against hypocritical morality, against God and religion, against evil and injustice. Heathcliff and Catherine could only be happy as long as money, prejudices, conventions did not come between them. However, nothing could kill their love, their passionate attraction to each other. W. Pater wrote about the heroes of Wuthering Heights: “These figures, filled with such passions, but woven against the backdrop of the discreet beauty of heather expanses, are typical examples of the spirit of romanticism”

In English Renaissance poetry, lyrical characters are remarkable and colorful. Wordsworth in the cycle of "Sonnets dedicated to freedom", in particular in the sonnet "London, 1802" lyrical hero says that England needs people like Milton, the poet asks Milton to give his contemporaries strength, valor and freedom. The titanic figure of Milton opposes the petty, selfish people of our time.

Coleridge's romantic art is characterized by the unfinished poem Christabel. Medieval castle, a moonlit night, a clock strike, an incident full of mystery - this is the background against which the conflicting feelings and experiences of the heroes are revealed - the old Baron Leoline, his daughter Christabel, Geraldine. The plot of the poem breaks off at the outset of the action, but already in the very beginning, the tragic loneliness of Christabel, who is faced with the cruel inconstancy of the people around her, is revealed.

The concept of "romanticism" is often used as a synonym for the concept of "romance". This refers to the tendency to look at the world through rose-colored glasses and active life position. Or they associate this concept with love and any actions for their own sake. loved one. But romanticism has several meanings. The article will focus on a narrower understanding that is used for a literary term, and on the main character traits of a romantic hero.

Characteristic features of the style

Romanticism is a trend in literature that arose in Russia in the late 18th - first half of the 19th century. This style proclaims the cult of nature and the natural feelings of man. Freedom of self-expression, the value of individualism and the original character traits of the protagonist become new characteristic features of romantic literature. Representatives of the direction abandoned rationalism and the primacy of the mind, which were characteristic of the Enlightenment, and put the emotional and spiritual sides of a person at the forefront.

In their works, the authors do not display the real world, which was too vulgar and vile for them, but the inner universe of the character. And through the prism of his feelings and emotions, the outlines of real world whose laws and thoughts he refuses to obey.

Main conflict

The central conflict of all works written in the era of romanticism is the conflict between the individual and society as a whole. Here the protagonist goes against the rules established in his environment. At the same time, the motives for such behavior can be different - actions can both go for the benefit of society, and have a selfish intention. In this case, as a rule, the hero loses this fight, and the work ends with his death.

A romantic is a special and in most cases very mysterious person who tries to resist the power of nature or society. At the same time, the conflict develops into internal struggle contradictions that occurs in the soul of the main character. In other words, the central character is built on antitheses.

Although in this literary genre and the individuality of the protagonist is valued, but nevertheless literary critics have identified which features of romantic heroes are the main ones. But, even despite the similarity, each character is unique in its own way, since they are only general criteria for highlighting a style.

Ideals of society

The main feature of the romantic hero is that he does not accept the well-known ideals of society. The main character has his own ideas about the values ​​of life, which he tries to defend. He, as it were, challenges the whole world around him, and not an individual person or group of people. Here in question about the ideological confrontation of one person against the whole world.

At the same time, in his rebellion, the main character chooses one of two extremes. Either these are unattainable highly spiritual goals, and the character is trying to catch up with the Creator himself. In another case, the hero indulges in all sorts of sins, not feeling the measure of his moral fall into the abyss.

Bright personality

If one person is able to withstand the whole world, then it is as large and complex as the whole world. Main character Romantic literature always stands out in society both externally and internally. In the soul of the character there is a constant conflict between the stereotypes already laid down by society and his own views and ideas.

Loneliness

One of the saddest traits of the romantic hero is his tragic loneliness. Since the character is opposed to the whole world, he remains completely alone. There is no such person who would understand it. Therefore, he either himself flees from a society he hates, or he himself becomes an exile. Otherwise, the romantic hero would no longer be like this. Therefore, romantic writers focus all their attention on psychological portrait central character.

Either past or future

The features of the romantic hero do not allow him to live in the present. The character is trying to find his ideals in the past, when the religious feeling was strong in the hearts of people. Or he indulges himself with happy utopias that supposedly await him in the future. But in any case, the main character is not satisfied with the era of dull bourgeois reality.

Individualism

As already said, hallmark romantic hero is his individualism. But it's not easy to be "different from others." This is a fundamental difference from all the people who surround the main character. At the same time, if a character chooses a sinful path, then he realizes that he is different from others. And this difference is taken to the extreme - the cult of personality of the protagonist, where all actions have an exclusively selfish motive.

The era of romanticism in Russia

The poet Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky is considered the founder of Russian romanticism. He creates several ballads and poems ("Ondine", "The Sleeping Princess" and so on), in which there is a deep philosophical meaning and pursuit of moral ideals. His works are saturated with his own experiences and reflections.

Then Zhukovsky was replaced by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov. They impose on the public consciousness, which is under the impression of the failure of the Decembrist uprising, the imprint of an ideological crisis. For this reason, the creativity of these people is described as a disappointment in real life and an attempt to escape into his fictional world, filled with beauty and harmony. The main characters of their works lose interest in earthly life and come into conflict with the outside world.

One of the features of romanticism is the appeal to the history of the people and their folklore. This is most clearly seen in the work "Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov" and a cycle of poems and poems dedicated to the Caucasus. Lermontov perceived it as the birthplace of free and proud people. They opposed the slave country, which was under the rule of Nicholas I.

The early works of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin are also imbued with the idea of ​​romanticism. An example is "Eugene Onegin" or "The Queen of Spades".

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Slides captions:

ROMANTICISM IN RUSSIAN LITERATURE. Three types of romantic hero.

Romanticism is a direction in literature, an artistic type of creativity, hallmark which is the display and reproduction of life outside the real-concrete connections of a person with the surrounding reality.

The emergence of romanticism. Romanticism arose at the end of the 18th century. The birthplace of romanticism is Germany, the emerging aesthetics gave the world a number of philosophers: F. Schelling, Fichte, Kant. German romanticism had a decisive influence on all kinds of art: ballet, painting, literature, landscape art. Many romantics were linguists, they were interested in language as an expression of the spirit of the nation, an expression of thoughts and feelings. Romanticism describes a vivid, exceptional plot, sublime passions, feelings, love affair.

Romanticism has its own way of typification. These are exceptional characters in exceptional circumstances. Romantics depict human qualities at a departure from the ordinary. Since the birth of romanticism, telepathy and parapsychology have been resurrected. The birth of romanticism is a crisis of rational aesthetics. A new typology of the hero appears. These types have become eternal. .

The first type of hero. 1 . The hero is a wanderer, a fugitive, a wanderer (Byron created him, he was with Pushkin (Aleko), .. Wandering is not geographical, but spiritual, internal migration, the search for the unknown. The search for higher truth. Wandering is a metaphor for striving into the unknown, eternal search, longing for the infinite, this longing leads to alienation from society, opposing oneself to others, the world, God.

This type of hero gave rise to eternal images. The image of the sea ... (restlessness, throwing ...)

road image...

Don Quixote is a wanderer who is always looking and cannot find.

The image of the elusive horizon.

The second type of hero Strange eccentric, dreamer, not of this world. He is characterized by childish naivety, worldly ineptitude, on earth he is not at home, but at a party. (Odoevsky "Town in a Snuffbox", Pogorelsky, Dostoevsky).

The third type of hero is a hero - an artist, a poet with capital letter. An artist is not only a profession, but a state of mind. Creativity among romantics, who is the main creator? - God. Romantics call him a cosmic artist, for them poetry is a revelation. They decided that the creation of the world was not completed, and the work of the Creator should be continued by the poet. They raised the poet to such a height... And gave rise to symbolism.

Visions, hallucinations, dreams gave rise to creativity. Romantics created a biography of Raphael. Zhukovsky's article about how he painted the Madonna. “He languished in this way for a long time, but it did not work out on the canvas. Rafael fell asleep, and there was a vision. He saw this image, woke up and wrote. The poet is a spiritual ascetic.

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