Demon" Lermontov: philosophical problems. The plot, the system of images. Artistic analysis of the poem by M. Yu. Lermontov "Demon"

Composition

"Demon" (1829 - 1839) is one of the most mysterious and controversial works of the poet. The complexity of the analysis lies, in particular, in the fact that in the poem there are several plans for the perception and interpretation of the text: cosmic, including the relationship of the Demon to God and the universe, philosophical, psychological, but, of course, not everyday. To the legend of fallen angel who fought against God, many European poets addressed: it is enough to recall Satan in Milton's Paradise Lost, Lucifer in Byron's Cain, Mephistopheles in Goethe's Faust.

Lermontov, of course, could not ignore the already existing tradition, but he was quite original both in the plot of his poem and in the interpretation of the main image. Lermontov's Demon combines enormous inner strength and tragic impotence, the desire to overcome loneliness, to join the good and the unattainability of these aspirations. This is a rebellious Protestant who opposed himself not only to God, but also to people, to the whole world.

The rebellious, protesting ideas of Lermontov are directly manifested in the poem. The demon is a proud enemy of heaven, "the king of knowledge and freedom." This is the embodiment of a rebellious rebellion against everything that binds the mind. He rejects the world

* Where there is no true happiness,
* Nor lasting beauty,
* Where there are only crimes and executions,
* Where petty passions only live,
* Where they do not know how without fear
* Neither hate nor love.

However, such a general denial means not only the strength of the Demon, but also its weakness. It is not given to him to see earthly beauty from the height of boundless cosmic expanses, he is not able to appreciate and understand the charm of earthly nature:

* But, apart from cold envy,
* Nature's brilliance did not excite
* In the exile's barren chest
* No new feelings, no new forces;
* And all that he saw before him,
* He despised or hated.

The demon suffers in its arrogant seclusion and yearns for connections with the world and people. He was bored with "living for himself, bored with himself." Love for the earthly girl Tamara was to be for him the beginning of a way out of gloomy loneliness to people. But the search for harmony, “love, kindness and beauty” is fatally unattainable for the Demon:

* And cursed Demon defeated
* Dreams are crazy,
* And again he remained, arrogant,
* Alone, as before, in the universe,
* Without hope and love! ..

That exposure of individualistic consciousness, which was outlined in previous poems, is also present in The Demon. The "demonic", destructive principle is perceived by Lermontov as anti-humanistic. This problem, which deeply worried Lermontov, was developed by him both in dramaturgy (“Masquerade”) and in prose (“A Hero of Our Time”). In the poem it is difficult to distinguish the author's "voice", the direct author's position, which predetermines the complexity of the analysis of the work, its ambiguity. Not coincidentally, a number of questions. Placed by Lermontov in "The Demon", not finally resolved. For example: does the author see in his Demon an unconditional (albeit suffering) carrier of evil or only a rebellious victim of an “unjust sentence”? Was Tamara's soul "saved" for the sake of censorship, or was this motive an ideological and artistic inevitability for Lermontov? What is the meaning of the ending of the poem and the defeat of the Demon - conciliatory or not conciliatory? These unresolved issues testify to the complexity of the philosophical problems of the poem, to the dialectical combination of “good” and “evil” in the Demon, the thirst for the ideal and the loss of it, hostility to the world and attempts to reconcile with it, which ultimately reflects, to one degree or another, a tragic worldview. leading men of the era. Belinsky, for example, wrote in 1842: “The Demon” has become for me a fact of my life, I repeat it to others, I repeat to myself, it contains worlds of truths, feelings, beauty for me.

* “The richness of the philosophical and ethical content of the poem also determines its artistic originality. The brightest example of romanticism, the poem "The Demon" is all built on antitheses. These are heroes opposing each other: God and Demon, Angel and Demon, Demon and Tamara; “these are the polar spheres: heaven and earth, life and death, ideal and reality; finally, these are contrasting social and ethical categories: freedom and tyranny, love and hatred, struggle and harmony, good and evil, affirmation and denial.

Powerful poetic fantasy, deep moral and philosophical problems, pathos of denial and doubt, high lyricism, simplicity and plasticity of epic descriptions, even some mystery - all this made Lermontov's "Demon" one of the pinnacle phenomena in the history of the world romantic poem. The significance of The Demon is great not only in the history of Russian literature, but also in music (opera by A. G. Rubinshtein) and painting (paintings by M. A. Vrubel).

Other writings on this work

The philosophical problems of the poem are unusually complex and diverse. Lermontov in The Demon responded to all those quests in the field of epistemology and the philosophy of history that plagued progressive Russian thought in the 1930s and 1940s.

"Demon" (1829 - 1839) is one of the most mysterious and controversial works of the poet. The complexity of the analysis lies, in particular, in the fact that in the poem there are several plans for the perception and interpretation of the text: cosmic, including the relationship of the Demon to God and the universe, philosophical, psychological, but, of course, not everyday. Many European poets turned to the legend of a fallen angel who fought against God: suffice it to recall Satan in Milton's Paradise Lost, Lucifer in Byron's Cain, Mephistopheles in Goethe's Faust.

Lermontov, of course, could not ignore the already existing tradition, but he was quite original both in the plot of his poem and in the interpretation of the main image. Lermontov's Demon combines enormous inner strength and tragic impotence, the desire to overcome loneliness, to join the good and the unattainability of these aspirations. This is a rebellious Protestant who opposed himself not only to God, but also to people, to the whole world. The rebellious, protesting ideas of Lermontov are directly manifested in the poem. The demon is a proud enemy of heaven, "the king of knowledge and freedom." This is the embodiment of a rebellious rebellion against everything that binds the mind. He rejects the world

Where there is no true happiness

No lasting beauty

Where there are only crimes and executions,

Where petty passions only live,

Where they do not know how without fear

Neither hate nor love.

However, such a general denial means not only the strength of the Demon, but also its weakness. It is not given to him to see earthly beauty from the height of boundless cosmic expanses, he is not able to appreciate and understand the charm of earthly nature:

But, apart from cold envy,

Nature did not excite the brilliance

In the exile's barren chest

No new feelings, no new forces;

And all that he saw before him

He despised or hated.

The demon suffers in its arrogant seclusion and yearns for connections with the world and people. He was bored with "living for himself, bored with himself." Love for the earthly girl Tamara was to be for him the beginning of a way out of gloomy loneliness to people. But the search for harmony, “love, kindness and beauty” is fatally unattainable for the Demon:

And cursed Demon defeated

Your crazy dreams

Without hope and love!

That exposure of individualistic consciousness, which was outlined in previous poems, is also present in The Demon. The "demonic", destructive principle is perceived by Lermontov as anti-humanistic. This problem, which deeply worried Lermontov, was developed by him both in dramaturgy (“Masquerade”) and in prose (“A Hero of Our Time”). In the poem it is difficult to distinguish the author's "voice", the direct author's position, which predetermines the complexity of the analysis of the work, its ambiguity. Not coincidentally, a number of questions. Placed by Lermontov in "The Demon", not finally resolved. For example: does the author see in his Demon an unconditional (albeit suffering) carrier of evil or only a rebellious victim of an “unjust sentence”? Was Tamara's soul "saved" for the sake of censorship, or was this motive an ideological and artistic inevitability for Lermontov? What is the meaning of the ending of the poem and the defeat of the Demon - conciliatory or not conciliatory? These unresolved issues testify to the complexity of the philosophical problems of the poem, to the dialectical combination of “good” and “evil” in the Demon, the thirst for the ideal and the loss of it, hostility to the world and attempts to reconcile with it, which ultimately reflects, to one degree or another, a tragic worldview. leading men of the era.

Plot: At the heart of the poem "Demon" - ancient myth about a proud angel who rebelled against God. The plot of the poem is not complicated. The main place in the poem is occupied by the monologues of the Demon, revealing his thoughts and feelings, descriptions of nature, detailed images of the experiences of the heroine - Tamara. The demon, “the sad spirit of exile”, who is bored with everything in life, sees a mortal girl, the beautiful Tamara ... He is fascinated by her. Overwhelmed by the feeling of love, he dreams of rebirth. It seems to him that Tamara's love will lead him to goodness, to truth. He enters the monastery, where, after the death of the groom, Tamara hides, and with his fiery speeches arouses Tamara's pity and sympathy. The Demon's kiss turns out to be fatal for Tamara. The demon tries to take over her soul when a bright angel takes her to heaven. "She is mine!" the Demon exclaims, but the angel rejects him.

And cursed Demon defeated

Your crazy dreams

And again he remained, arrogant,

Alone, as before, in the universe,

Without hope and love!

The image of the Demon occupies a special place in the work and even in the spiritual life of Lermontov. The theme of the demon appeared in Lermontov's work in 1829. In the poem "My Demon", in the same year, the first edition of the poem "Demon" was written, which has only eight editions, and the last one, according to scientists, was completed in 1839.

The demon is one of the many exiled heroes of Lermontov. The demon is banished only from paradise and can never return to it. Otherwise, it is absolutely free. The spirit of evil, the spirit of "exile" is immortal. The discovery of Lermontov was the image of the Demon, who was bored with evil. Having rebelled against fate, the "spirit of denial, the spirit of doubt" turned to the earth, to simple human values ​​and wished to "reconcile with heaven." The poet, as it were, rewrote the romantic legend of the Demon. His anti-hero "sowed evil without pleasure", he is obsessed with the idea of ​​​​spiritual rebirth, believing that he can return to those "better days".

It is easy to see that Tamara's father and her fiancé are secondary figures. The main characters are Demon and Tamara. Lermontov calls the Demon "the spirit of knowledge and doubt" and endows him with a sense of indomitable pride. The demon denies the existence of harmony in the world, looks with disdain at the unfortunate human race and is in a continuous and eternal struggle with the deity. He is proud and lonely, closed in his experiences, and the cold loneliness causes him boundless suffering.

Tamara is a symbol of beauty. The attraction of the Demon to Tamara is a desperate attempt of an individualist closed in himself to get out of the state of alienation and forced inaction, to find joy and oblivion in beauty. But the love of a proud individualist ends sadly. The reason for this is that the demon's love for Tamara is entirely selfish. That is why he cannot give happiness to either her or him, and after trying to master her, he is again doomed to wander.

The romantic image of the Demon also reflected various features of some people of the Lermontov era: their sharply negative attitude towards obsolete foundations and authorities, combined in them with proud isolation, with extreme individualism. But at the same time, irresistibly attractive features remained in the Demon: a protest against despotism, no matter where it came from, a rush to freedom, a fearless thought.

ARTISTIC ANALYSIS OF THE POEM "DEMON"

The presentation was made by the teacher of Russian language and literature Ovchinnikova O.V.

(for grade 10)

CRITICIAN V. G. BELINSKY ABOUT THE POEM:

"... the luxury of paintings, the richness of poetic animation, excellent poetry, the loftiness of thoughts, the charming charm of images."

The main theme of all Lermontov's work is

subject personality in relation to society. Central hero - a proud, freedom-loving, rebellious and protesting personality, striving for action, for struggle.

But in the conditions of the social reality of the 30s, such a person does not find a sphere of application for his powerful forces and therefore doomed to loneliness.

The history of the creation of the poem

Lermontov sketches the first version of the "Demon" as a fifteen-year-old boy, in 1829. Since then, he has repeatedly returned to this poem, creating its various editions, in which the setting, action and plot details change, but the image of the main character retains its features.

Lermontov described what he himself saw. His Demon now flies over the peaks of the Caucasus.

The beginning of the poem creates a feeling of smooth flight:

He flew over the sinful earth ...

WHAT IS THE HERO OF THE POEM?

In The Demon, Lermontov gave his understanding and his assessment of the individualist hero .

Plot of the Poem

Lermontov used in "Demon" biblical legend about the spirit of evil, cast down from heaven for his rebellion against the supreme divine authority, and folklore of the Caucasian peoples, among which there were widespread legends about a mountain spirit that swallowed a Georgian girl.

But under the fantasy of the plot here hides a deep psychological, philosophical and social meaning.

THE WAY OF ABSOLUTE NEGATION

What led the Demon to a painful state of inner emptiness, to loneliness, in which we see him at the beginning of the poem?

"Sanctuary of love, goodness and beauty"

Who for the Demon is the Ideal of a worthy person of a beautiful free life?

What is the plot twist?

The demon keenly felt the fascination of the Ideal (Tamara) and rushed towards him with all his being.

This is the meaning of the attempt to "revive" the Demon, which is described in conventional biblical folklore images.

FIND LINES IN THE TEXT THAT ILLUSTRATE THIS ATTEMPT OF "REBIRTH"

WHAT caused the death of Tamara and the defeat of the Demon?

And again he remained, arrogant,

Alone, as before, in the universe

Without hope and love!

The inner meaning of the poem by M. Yu. Lermontov

« The demon denies to affirm, destroys to create... He does not say that truth, beauty, goodness are signs generated by a sick imagination of a person; but says that sometimes not everything is truth, beauty and goodness that is considered to be truth, beauty and goodness »

V. G. Belinsky

OTHER WAYS TO FIGHT FOR FREEDOM ARE NEEDED

Through a deep ideological and psychological analysis of the moods of those representatives of the generation of the 1930s who did not go further than individualistic protest, Lermontov romantically showed the futility of such sentiments and put forward the need for other ways of fighting for freedom before the progressive forces.

THE IMAGE OF GOD IN A POEM

In Lermontov's poem, God is depicted as the strongest tyrant of the world. And the Demon is the enemy of this tyrant. The most cruel accusation to the creator of the Universe is the Earth created by him.

LOOK IN THE TEXT FOR PROOF OF THIS ACCUSATION

AS AN ACTOR OF A POEM

This evil, unjust God is somewhere behind the scenes. But they constantly talk about him, remember him, the Demon tells Tamara about him, although he does not address him directly.

FIND IN THE TEXT AN EXAMPLE THAT ILLUSTRATES THE DEMON'S STORY.

The language of the poem

emotional, rich in epithets, metaphors, comparisons, contrasts and exaggerations.

FIND EXAMPLES OF TRAILS IN THE TEXT. WRITE THEM OUT.

The beat CHANGES and the Demon approaches:

Since then the outcast has wandered

In the wilderness of a world without shelter...

The shadow turns into a figure of a flying living being. The demon is getting closer.

It is already possible to distinguish some whirring sound of wings : "open and enny" - "blue and gave."

WHAT PHONETIC RECEPTION DOES LERMONTOV USE?

NATURE IN A POEM

The first part of the Demon's path is the Georgian Military Road to the Cross Pass, the most majestic and wild part of it. Here is the harsh rocky peak of Kazbek, covered with snow and ice. There is a feeling of cold, homelessness, loneliness, like that, with whom the Demon did not part.

NATURE IN A POEM

But here is the Demon behind the Cross Pass:

And in front of him is a different picture

Living colors blossomed...

Full of life, a luxurious picture of nature prepares us for something new ...

Against the background of this fragrant land, the heroine of the poem appears for the first time.

Young Georgian Tamara

What attracted the Demon in her?

Philosophical And psychological poem

The demon is a rebel without a positive program, a proud rebel, outraged by the injustice of the laws of the universe, but not knowing what to oppose these laws.

This is an egoist. He suffers from loneliness, yearns for life and for people, and at the same time, this proud man despises people for their weakness.

PECHORIN AND DEMON

Like Pechorin, the Demon cannot free himself from the evil that has poisoned him, and, like Pechorin, he is not guilty of this. For the poet himself and for his advanced contemporaries, the Demon was a symbol of the breaking of the old world, the collapse of the old concepts of good and evil.

The poet embodied in him the spirit of criticism and revolutionary denial.

"WILD DREAM"

He did not finish his work on the poem and did not intend to print it.

In the late 30s, Lermontov departed from his Demon in the poem "A Tale for Children" (1839-1840) called it "wild nonsense":

… and this wild nonsense

Haunted my mind for many years.

But I, having parted with other dreams,

And got rid of him - with verses.

"Demon" (1838 September 8 days)

A precious manuscript has come down to us . A large notebook made of fine thick paper is sewn with white thick threads, as Lermontov usually sewed his creative notebooks.

It is stored in Leningrad, in the library named after Saltykov-Shchedrin .

Although the manuscript was rewritten in someone else's even handwriting, the cover was made by the poet himself. Above - large - the signature: "Demon". Below left small: "1838 September 8 days." The title is carefully printed and enclosed in an oval vignette.

In 1839, Lermontov finished writing the poem "The Demon". Summary of this work, as well as its analysis are presented in the article. Today, this creation of the great Russian poet is included in the mandatory school curriculum and known all over the world. Let us first describe the main events that Lermontov depicted in the poem "The Demon".

"Sad Demon" flies over the Earth. He surveys from a cosmic height central Caucasus, his wonderful world: high mountains, stormy rivers. But nothing attracts the Demon. He feels nothing but contempt for everything. The demon is tired of immortality, eternal loneliness and unlimited power that he has over the earth. The landscape under his wing changed. Now he sees Georgia, its lush valleys. However, they do not impress him either. Suddenly, a festive animation, which he noticed in the possessions of a certain noble feudal lord, attracted his attention. The point is that your only daughter betrothed by Prince Gudal. A festive celebration is being prepared in his estate.

The demon admires Tamara

Relatives have already gathered. The wine flows like water. The groom should arrive in the evening. The young princess Tamara marries the young ruler of Sinodal. In the meantime, servants are laying out ancient carpets. The bride, according to custom, must perform a dance with a tambourine on a roof covered with carpets even before the appearance of her groom.

Here the girl begins to dance. It is impossible to imagine anything more beautiful than this dance. She is so good that the Demon himself admired Tamara.

Tamara's thoughts

Various thoughts are circling in the head of the young princess. She leaves her father's house, where she did not know anything was denied. It is not known what awaits the girl in a foreign land. She is satisfied with the choice of the groom. He is in love, rich, handsome and young - everything that is necessary for happiness. And the girl drives away doubts, giving herself to the dance.

The demon kills the girl's fiancé

The next important event continues his poem "Demon" Lermontov. A summary of the episode associated with it is as follows. The demon is no longer able to take his eyes off the beautiful Tamara. He is captivated by her beauty. And he acts like a real tyrant. The robbers, at the behest of the Demon, attack the princess' fiancé. Sinodal is wounded, but gallops to the bride's house on a faithful horse. Upon reaching, the groom falls dead.

Tamara goes to the monastery

The prince is heartbroken, the guests are crying, Tamara is sobbing in her bed. Suddenly the girl hears a pleasant, unusual voice comforting her and promising to send magical dreams. Being in the world of dreams, the girl sees a beautiful young man. She realizes in the morning that the evil one is tempting her. The princess asks to be sent to a monastery, where she hopes to find salvation. The father does not immediately agree to this. He threatens to curse, but eventually gives up.

Tamara's murder

And here is Tamara in the monastery. However, the girl did not feel better. She realizes that she has fallen in love with the tempter. Tamara wants to pray to the saints, but instead she bows before the evil one. The demon realizes that physical intimacy with him will kill the girl. He decides at some point to abandon his insidious plan. However, the Demon no longer has power over himself. He penetrates at night in his beautiful winged form into her cell.

Tamara does not recognize in him the young man who appeared to her in her dreams. She is afraid, but the Demon opens her soul to the princess, tells the girl passionate speeches, so similar to the words of an ordinary man, when the fire of desires boils in him. Tamara asks the Demon to swear that he is not deceiving her. And he does it. What does he cost?! Their lips meet in a passionate kiss. Passing by the door of the cell, the watchman hears strange noises, and then a faint death cry that the princess emits.

The end of the poem

Gudal was told about the death of his daughter. He is going to bury her in the family highland cemetery, where his ancestors erected a small hill. The girl is dressed up. Her appearance is beautiful. The sadness of death is not on him. A smile appeared on Tamara's lips. Wise Gudal did everything right. For a long time, he himself, his yard and estate were washed off the face of the earth. And the cemetery and the temple remained unharmed. Nature made the grave of the Demon's beloved inaccessible to man and time.

This concludes his poem "The Demon" Lermontov. The summary conveys only the main events. Let's move on to the analysis of the work.

The specifics of the analysis of the poem "Demon"

The poem "Demon", which Lermontov created from 1829 to 1839, is one of the most controversial and mysterious works of the poet. It is not easy to analyze it. This is due to the fact that there are several plans for the interpretation and perception of the text created by Lermontov ("Demon").

The summary describes only the event outline. Meanwhile, there are several plans in the poem: cosmic, which includes relations to God and the universe of the Demon, psychological, philosophical, but, of course, not everyday. This should be taken into account in the analysis. To conduct it, one should refer to the original work, the author of which is Lermontov ("Demon"). A summary will help you remember the plot of the poem, knowledge of which is necessary for analysis.

The image of the Demon created by Lermontov

Many poets turned to the legend of a fallen angel who fought against God. Suffice it to recall Lucifer from Byron's Cain, Satan portrayed by Milton in Paradise Lost, Mephistopheles in Goethe's famous Faust. Of course, Lermontov could not ignore the tradition that existed at that time. However, he interpreted this myth in an original way.

Very ambiguously portrayed the main character Lermontov ("Demon"). The chapter summaries point out this ambiguity but omit the details. Meanwhile, the image of Lermontov's Demon turned out to be very contradictory. It combines tragic impotence and enormous inner strength, the desire to partake of the good, to overcome the loneliness and incomprehensibility of such aspirations. The demon is a rebellious Protestant who opposed himself not only to God, but also to people, to the whole world.

The protesting, rebellious ideas of Lermontov appear directly in the poem. The demon is a proud enemy of heaven. He is "the king of knowledge and freedom." The demon is the embodiment of a rebellious uprising of power against that which binds the mind. This hero rejects the world. He says that there is neither lasting beauty nor true happiness in him. Here there are only executions and crimes, only petty passions live. People do not know how to love or hate without fear.

Such a general denial, however, means not only the strength of this hero, but at the same time his weakness. It is not given to the demon to see earthly beauty from the height of cosmic boundless expanses. He cannot understand and appreciate the beauty of nature. Lermontov notes that the brilliance of nature did not arouse, except for cold envy, neither new strength nor new feelings in his chest. Everything that the Demon saw before him, he either hated or despised.

Demon's love for Tamara

In your haughty retreat main character suffers. He yearns for connections with people and the world. The demon was bored with living solely for itself. For him, love for Tamara, an earthly girl, was supposed to mean the beginning of a way out of gloomy loneliness for people. However, the search for "love, kindness and beauty", harmony in the world for the Demon is fatally unattainable. And he cursed his crazy dreams, remained again arrogant, alone in the universe, as before, without love.

Unmasking the Individualistic Consciousness

Lermontov's poem "The Demon", a summary of which we have described, is a work in which individualistic consciousness is exposed. Such a cure is present in the previous poems of this author. In this destructive, demonic beginning is perceived by Lermontov as anti-humanistic. This problem, which deeply worried the poet, was also developed by him in prose ("A Hero of Our Time") and dramaturgy ("Masquerade").

The voice of the author in the poem

It is difficult to single out the voice of the author in the poem, his direct position, which predetermines the ambiguity of the work, the complexity of its analysis. By no means does M. Yu. Lermontov ("The Demon") strive for unambiguous assessments. The summary that you just read may have prompted you to a number of questions, the answer to which is not obvious. And this is not accidental, because the author does not answer them in the work. For example, does Lermontov see in his hero an unconditional bearer (albeit suffering) of evil, or only a rebellious victim of the divine "unjust judgment"? Was Tamara's soul saved for the sake of censorship? Perhaps for Lermontov this motive was just an ideological and artistic inevitability. Does the defeat of the Demon and the finale of the poem have a conciliatory or, on the contrary, non-conciliatory meaning?

The poem "Demon" by Lermontov, a summary of the chapters of which was presented above, can prompt the reader to all these questions. They talk about the complexity of the philosophical problems of this work, that the Demon dialectically combines good and evil, hostility to the world and the desire to reconcile with it, the thirst for the ideal and its loss. The poem reflects the tragic attitude of the poet. For example, in 1842 Belinsky wrote that "Demon" became a fact of life for him. He found in it worlds of beauty, feelings, truth.

"Demon" - an example of a romantic poem

The artistic originality of the poem also determines the richness of its philosophical and ethical content. This is a vivid example of romanticism, built on antitheses. Heroes oppose each other: Demon and God, Demon and Angel, Demon and Tamara. The polar spheres form the basis of the poem: earth and sky, death and life, reality and ideal. Finally, ethical and social categories are contrasted: tyranny and freedom, hatred and love, harmony and struggle, evil and good, denial and affirmation.

The meaning of the work

Of great importance is the poem created by Lermontov ("Demon"). The summary and analysis presented in this article may have given you this idea. After all, deep problems, powerful poetic fantasy, pathos of doubt and denial, high lyricism, plasticity and simplicity of epic descriptions, a certain mystery - all this should lead and led to the fact that Lermontov's "Demon" is rightfully considered one of the top creations in the history of a romantic poem. . The significance of the work is great not only in the history of Russian literature, but also in painting (Vrubel's paintings) and music (Rubinstein's opera, in which its summary is taken as the basis).

"Demon" - a story? Lermontov defined this work as a poem. And rightly so, because it is written in verse. The story is a prose genre. These two concepts should not be confused.

The plot, problems, images of one of M.Yu. Lermontov's poems.

"Demon" - a poem on which M.Yu. Lermontov worked throughout his creative way. The image of the Demon owned
feelings and thoughts of the poet from the age of fourteen. He revised the poem he had begun many times. But with each new
alteration of the poem became more and more artistic in content and form.
At the heart of the poem "Demon" is an ancient myth about a proud angel who rebelled against God. The plot of the poem is not complicated. Main location in
the poem is occupied by the Demon's monologues, revealing his thoughts and feelings, descriptions of nature, detailed images of experiences
heroines - Tamara.
The demon, the “sad spirit of exile”, who is bored with everything in life, sees a mortal girl, the beautiful Tamara ... He is fascinated
her. Overwhelmed by the feeling of love, he dreams of rebirth. It seems to him that Tamara's love will lead him to goodness, to truth.
He penetrates into the monastery, where after the death of the groom Tamara hides, and with his fiery speeches he arouses
pity and sympathy for Tamara. The Demon's kiss turns out to be fatal for Tamara. The demon tries to take over her soul when
a bright angel takes her to heaven. "She is mine!" the Demon exclaims, but the angel rejects him.

And cursed Demon defeated
Your crazy dreams
And again he remained, arrogant,
Alone, as before, in the universe,
Without hope and love!

It is easy to see that Tamara's father and her fiancé are secondary figures. The main characters are Demon and Tamara.
Lermontov calls the Demon "the spirit of knowledge and doubt" and endows him with a sense of indomitable pride. The demon denies
the existence of harmony in the world, looks with disdain at the unfortunate human race and is in a continuous and eternal struggle
with a deity. He is proud and lonely, closed in his experiences, and the cold loneliness causes him boundless suffering.
It is a symbol of individualism. But if the Demon is a symbol, then it is natural to see something in the image of Tamara
symbolic. Otherwise, the whole poem will turn into a fairy tale, devoid of meaning and meaning. In Tamara, one feature is strongly emphasized -
extraordinary beauty.

... Not a single king of the earth
I did not kiss such an eye;
Harem Sprinkling Fountain
Never hot sometimes
I did not wash such a camp,
Still no one's earthly hand,
Wandering over the sweet brow,
I didn't undo that hair.

So, Tamara is a symbol of beauty. The attraction of the Demon to Tamara is a desperate attempt of a self-contained individualist to get out
from a state of alienation and forced inaction, to find joy and oblivion in beauty. But the love of the proud
individualist ends sadly.
In the denouement, the "Angel" appears - a symbol of the principles opposite to the Demon: love and forgiveness. The appearance of an angel emphasizes the whole
the hopelessness of the Demon’s position: on the path he follows, on the path of individualism, when one’s own “I” is put in
the center of all that exists, there is neither happiness nor living activity.
The image of the Demon is dual. On the one hand, it embodies the denial of everything inert, the denial of human
vulgarity, narrow-mindedness, obsolete authorities, devotion to old foundations and traditions. The demon utters a passionate
a speech that stigmatizes earthly life,

Where there is no true happiness
No lasting beauty
Where there are only crimes and executions,
Where petty passions only live,
Where they do not know how without fear
Neither hate nor love.

In these words, many rightly saw a characteristic of the contemporary noble society.
But instead of the "miserable light" denied by the Demon, he does not promise Tamara serene well-being. He calls her to that world
where she will live fully, truly human life, where “another suffering”, “another rapture depth” awaits. He promises:

The abyss of proud suffering
In return, I will open to you ...

Both the content of the Demon's speeches and the ardent feeling with which they are saturated attract us to the hero of the poem. Yet the Demon
condemned in the poem. His extreme individualism is condemned in him. He despises people. Dreaming of Tamara's love to save
him from a terrible centuries-old longing, to give meaning to his existence, the Demon thinks only of himself. His love for Tamara
completely selfish. That is why he cannot give happiness to either her or him, and after trying to master her, he is again doomed to
wandering.
The romantic image of the Demon also reflected various features of some people of the Lermontov era: a sharply negative
their attitude to obsolete foundations and authorities, combined in them with proud isolation, with extreme individualism.
But at the same time, irresistibly attractive features remained in the Demon: a protest against despotism, no matter where it came from,
impulse to freedom, fearless thought.
Lermontov's contemporaries perceived his poem as a call for liberation and as a condemnation of existing social
conditions. The passion for the "Demon" was great: he went to the public in manuscripts, as "Woe from Wit" once went.
According to one of famous critics of that time, everyone was so carried away by the “Demon” because his pathos is with “heaven
proud hostility.

Tasks and tests on the topic "The plot, problems, images of one of M.Yu. Lermontov's poems."

• Word forms. Ending. The difference between cognate words and forms of the same word - Composition of the word grade 3

  Lessons: 1 Assignments: 9 Tests: 1

• Syntax and punctuation - Important topics for repeating the exam in the Russian language