All conjunctions of a compound sentence. Types of compound sentences by nature of the conjunction and meaning

In the process of communication, a person formalizes his thoughts into simple or complex syntactic structures. Not the least of them is the compound sentence.

The examples and theoretical information presented below will help you understand the construction and punctuation of syntaxes of this type.

A complex syntactic structure, consisting of two or more simple components of equal meaning, combined through coordinating conjunctions, is called a complex sentence, or complex sentence.

Let's look at examples: “The doctor told jokes, but the conversation still didn’t go well. The crowd flowed like a river in front of them, but finally it thinned out, and the last congratulators left” (According to Maupassant).

The first of the presented designs consists of two parts, the second – of three. They are connected by unions and, but .

It is impossible to ask a question from one predicative construction to another.

Take note! It is necessary to distinguish between complex sentences and non-union sentences expressing a sequence of actions or their comparison:
“Sparrows began to chirp under the windows, the darkness dissolved, and the morning sun illuminated the entire area. Night had long fallen - he still didn’t go to bed.”
Although their components are equal, there are no conjunctions between them that necessarily connect the parts of a complex sentence.

Unions within the SSP

Simple sentences forming a complex compound are connected by coordinating conjunctions of the following groups:

• and, and... and, too, yes (in the meaning of and), neither...nor, also, not only... but also, both... and - connecting;
• but, yes (in the meaning but), and, but, however, but then, however - adversative;
• or, or, not that... not that, that... that, or... or – dividing;
• that is, namely, explanatory.

Accordingly, complex sentences are also combined into three groups, namely:

• with connecting unions;
• explanatory;
• dividing;
• adversarial.

Let's take a closer look at each of these groups.

Designs with connecting unions

A complex sentence of the indicated type can be gleaned from literature and colloquial speech: « Kolomeichenko invites me to sit on the hay, and a long conversation begins about boibaks” (According to V. Orlov). “My friends hurried home, I also followed them.”

“The water in the stream gurgled merrily, and a bird unknown to me sang somewhere nearby.” “Not only the adults went out to harvest the crops, but the children didn’t lag behind them.” “And Ivanov could not come to the meeting, and his partner fell ill.” “When you reap the harvest, you will spend the winter.”

“I can’t see the light of the sun, and there’s no room for my roots” (I. Krylov). “Mom received her nephew cordially, he also tried to show her every attention.”

The most common complex sentences contain constructions with the conjunction and. The semantic connection of the parts that form the SSP of a given type is not the same. They can express:

• Temporary relationships. At the same time, the phenomena they talk about occur either simultaneously or sequentially: “Somewhere in the distance, dull chords were heard, and a hoarse male voice was heard. This invisible wall suddenly moved apart, and sounds that had been suppressed for a long time poured out from behind it with terrifying force” (A. Kuprin).
• The relationship is cause-and-effect: “Grandfather always took care of his health, and therefore even old age did not deprive him of his vigor and clear mind. Indistinct talk and noise ran through the entire crowd, and after that the words were clearly heard: “Stolen.” ().

Constructions with separating unions

Let's look at some examples of syntactic constructions of this type: “A bird will fly up, or an elk will trumpet in the distance. Either I don’t understand, or you don’t want to understand me”(). “It was either thunder or a gun hit. Either the clouds will set, then the sun will suddenly appear.”

Disjunctive SSPs with repeated or, less commonly, single conjunctions name phenomena that, in the speaker’s opinion, cannot occur at the same moment.

Either one of them excludes the other, or they follow in turn.

Take note! Compound sentences and complicated ones homogeneous members simple with the conjunction or, as well as and, but are often confused. To avoid mistakes, you should look at the number of grammatical stems.
Compare:
“For a second a stone will appear in the bushes, or an animal will jump out of the grass, and the steppe will flash again.”
“Meanwhile, the devil was creeping slowly towards the month and was about to stretch out his hand to grab it, but suddenly he pulled it back, as if he had been burned, swung his leg and ran on the other side, and again jumped back and pulled his hand back” (N. Gogol).

Opposite BSC

Let's look at examples with the conjunction but, but, but, yes, which are most often found in modern language: “Angelica’s eyes were teary, but he didn’t notice anything” (According to V. Shishkov). He began to work, and lazy, homely thoughts wandered in his head for a long time” (A. Chekhov).

“The pie wasn’t baked, but the compote was a success. I wanted to call my parents, but the phone disappeared somewhere.” As we see, the phenomena discussed in the BSC data are opposed to each other.

SSPs with an adversative meaning can only contain particles that perform the function of conjunctions in them: “Separation did not help to forget, only the pain worsened. The back of my head ached badly, but my legs almost let go.”

Constructions with explanatory conjunctions

In this form, BSC is used only, namely, and that is. In colloquial speech, such constructions are rare. The scope of their application is book styles: “The time was fortunate, that is, no one could enter.” “The weather is terrible, namely the rain is pouring incessantly.”

Features of punctuation marks

The BSC of any group usually contains a comma separating its components.

However, if in front of them there is a common secondary member, or subordinate clause, then it should not be inserted: “During a blizzard, the wolf does not leave the den and the lynx does not hunt.” “When the sun rose, everything around began to sparkle with colors and the water turned silver.”

The exception will be cases when we have a sentence with a repeating conjunction: “Loaded carts slowly crawled along the road, and light horsemen rushed by, and peasants walked slowly.”

Take note! If parts of the BSC are denominative, interrogative or impersonal constructions with predicates of similar meaning, then they are not separated by a comma:
"Tour of the city and lunch at a diner." “How much sand has flown and what date is it now?” “You shouldn’t be late and you shouldn’t miss classes.”

It is also necessary to mention those cases when in the BSC a comma is replaced by a colon or a dash.

A dash is placed if:

1. The second sentence is unexpectedly opposed to the first.
2. The second predicative construction contains an immediate connection to the previous one.

A colon is placed between the components of the BSC if:

1. They already have commas inside them.
2. They have many members.
3. They are not very closely related in meaning.

To illustrate a special type of compound sentence, consider examples from fiction:

“I didn’t have time to go out the door - and now, at least gouge out my eye!” (N. Gogol)

“I was ready to leave with every cart, to leave with every gentleman of respectable appearance who hired a cab; but not one, absolutely no one, invited me, as if they had forgotten me” ().

“He stopped, squatted down, but as soon as she approached him with hesitant steps, he jumped, like a devil jumping out of a box, and flew to the opposite end of the living room” (H. Maupassant).

Useful video

Let's sum it up

As you can see, sentences with coordinating conjunctions not only differ in typical diversity, but also do not have standard punctuation. We hope that the material presented in the article will be useful in solving theoretical and practical problems related to BSC.

In the Russian language, it is customary to divide sentences into simple ones, which include one grammatical basis, and complex ones, which include several subjects and predicates that are not homogeneous members. In 9th grade the program involves studying various types complex sentences. These include complex sentences (examples of which will be given below), as well as complex and non-union sentences. At the beginning of the course, we study in detail what BSC is in Russian (Compound Sentence).

BSC classification

As the name of the term suggests, a compound sentence is a complex sentence with coordinating connection, which can be expressed using coordinating conjunctions or some particles. Unlike phrases where a subordinating relationship is used and one part of the sentence is dependent (that is, cannot be used separately from the main one), in SSP both parts are equal. Below is a table with examples of compound and complex sentences from works.

The coordinating connection in a sentence can take on the following meanings:

1. Connective relations are used in cases where it is necessary to show the sequence of two actions or to emphasize their simultaneity: The clock showed midnight And There was finally silence in the house. Communication is formed through alliances And, Yes,Also, Same and some particles: no no.
2. Relationships between parts of a sentence can be divisive when it is necessary to indicate a change of events, their alternation or comparison: Not that he imagined not that and in fact, something bright flashed in the sky. In this case the conjunction is used or, as well as various repeating particles: either... or,not that... not that and others.
3. Comparative relations are used to draw attention to the identity of the two parts of the BSC using namely or that is: I'm very afraid of heights namely The roofs of multi-story buildings and endlessly long flights of stairs scare me.
4. Explanatory relations include various kinds of specification, clarification, expressed in words A, But,which means, and etc.: IN country house everything was amazing, But The roof leaked a little.
5. Gradational relationships are those relationships in the BSC that involve further development: If not It will be possible to finish the construction by the end of the week, then at least you will already have done half the work. Conjunctions are used for communication not only that... also, not only but, not to say that... but and others.

In addition, comparative relations are sometimes divided into 3 more small categories, which include comparative relations themselves (this includes phrases with conjunctions oh yeah), adversatives (to express inconsistency using ah, but) and concessional (using only).

Types of coordinating conjunctions

To connect grammatical bases, auxiliary parts of speech are used - conjunctions and, in some cases, particles. Unions in the SSP usually divided into three categories:

• connecting: and, yes and, too;
• separating: either, not that... not that, or;
• adversative: however, but, but, but.

In addition, complex conjunctions differ in their composition. Most of them consist of one or two words ( yes, also, but, or, but) and is used only in one part of the SSP:

We wouldn't make it until sunset Yes comrades came to the rescue.

However, double conjunctions are also distinguished, which are used in both parts of the phrase ( not only... but also, either... or, or... or):

Or Tomorrow there will be a thunderstorm with heavy rain, or It will be hot all day.

Conjunctions in the SSP are usually found at the beginning of the second part of the sentence (or at the beginning of both parts, if we are talking about a double conjunction). Exceptions are too, also and particle same, which can be located in the middle of a phrase:

January turned out to be unusually warm, February Same I was in no hurry to please the guys with snow.

The location of the conjunction in the phrase and the type to which it belongs must be known in order to correctly place punctuation marks (if necessary).

Basic rules of punctuation

As with all other types of complex sentences, most often in the SSP it is necessary to separate one part from the other by using a comma before the coordinating conjunction or particle.

We could have arrived today, but unexpected circumstances prevented our plans.

Either Pavel did not receive her message, or there were problems on the line again.

However, it is important to remember that coordinating conjunctions can connect not only parts of a complex sentence, but also homogeneous members. In such cases, it is necessary to highlight the grammatical basics and understand whether the subjects and predicates are homogeneous, as in the following simple sentence:

Bees or wasps often fly into your apartment in the summer and can sting someone.

In addition, punctuation in BSC is not limited to commas. Some phrases use punctuation marks that are more typical of a non-union connection.

Semicolon and dash

In some cases, other punctuation marks should be used instead of a comma. If a sentence is very common (it has participles or participial phrases, introductory words, a large number of homogeneous members) and there are already commas inside, you should separate one part of the phrase from the other using a semicolon:

The guys went to the pond, despite the beginning of rain, visited their neighbor, and walked along an abandoned forest path; but only in the evening they were allowed to go home.

In situations where one part of the BSC is sharply opposed to another or when the second part is a consequence of the first, a dash must be placed between them:

A blow and he fell.

In addition, punctuation errors in phrases with a coordinating connection arise not only when defining the right sign punctuation. Sometimes there are complex sentences that lack both commas and dashes.

When punctuation marks are not used

Keep in mind that there are some cases where a comma is not required. For example, if two simple sentences in a complex sentence are connected by single conjunctions And, Yes, or, or and have some common element, then no punctuation is needed between them. As common element may act:

1. Common minor member (usually an object or adverbial): His parents have cows and pears growing on their farm.
2. General subordinate clause (in the event that subordination is used in a sentence along with an essay): While my brother was walking, my mother went to the store and my sister started baking a pie.
3. The general part of the sentence connected by a non-union connection (only when both parts of the SSP reveal the content of the phrase in more detail): The girl was overcome by despair: the last tram had left and the last bus had left.
4. General introductory word:As you know, our planet has the shape of a ball and the Moon revolves around it.

In addition to the indicated cases, a comma is not placed before connecting and disjunctive conjunctions if they are united by intonation:

How much time is left before the exams and when should you start preparing for them?- interrogative intonation.

Let it end old year and a new one will begin!- an incentive offer.

How charmingly an experienced musician plays and how amazingly fine-tuned his ear is!- both parts are united by an exclamation.

Punctuation is not required in denominative sentences (without a predicate), if the conjunction is not double:

Amazing beauty and a completely inexplicable sight.

However, this rule does not apply to titles of books, films, etc.:

Irony of Fate or Enjoy Your Bath!

A comma is not needed in vaguely personal sentences, but only when the same performer of the action is implied:

Lunch was brought to the patients and then the dirty dishes were taken away.

It is not easy to remember all the listed rules and special cases. The easiest way to master the information received is to complete several tasks to consolidate the skill.

Examples of exercises

Task 1. Make diagrams for compound sentences from fiction (M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin). Explain punctuation marks.

They wandered around the island for a long time without any success, but finally the pungent smell of chaff bread and sour sheepskin put them on the trail.

First you need to determine the subjects and predicates: they wandered And brought the smell. Thus, there are 2 grammatical stems in the sentence, and they are connected by the conjunction But.

To draw up a BSC diagram, each part is indicated by square brackets, between which a coordinating conjunction is indicated: […], But […].

Punctuation marks are explained as follows: comma before the conjunction But separates 2 parts of the BSC; finally isolated on both sides, since this is an introductory word.

The generals looked at these peasant efforts, and their hearts played merrily.

It is necessary to highlight the grammatical basics: the generals were watching And hearts played. The connection between the parts of the sentence is ensured using a connecting conjunction And. The SSP scheme looks like: […], And […].

A single comma separates two simple parts of a complex sentence.

I wanted to give them a scolding, but they were frozen, clinging to him.

The first sentence in a complex sentence is incomplete: the subject is omitted, the predicate is omitted - wanted to give. The second sentence is ordinary, two-part; its grammatical basis is they are numb. Communication is made using an adversative conjunction But. The diagram looks like this: […], But […].

A comma before a conjunction divides a complex sentence into two parts; the second comma indicates the participial phrase.

The man now collected wild hemp, soaked it in water, beat it, crushed it - and by evening the rope was ready.

In the first part, homogeneous predicates are observed - picked, soaked, beat, crushed, related to the subject man. The second part is not complicated at all: the rope was ready. The diagram looks like: […] - And […].

Commas are added because there are several homogeneous members. The dash is necessary because the second part of the phrase is a result of the first.

Task 2. Determine which of the sentences are complex.

(1) The sixth-graders left the school building in a friendly crowd and, looking at the carefree sunny sky, walked to the bus stop. (2) There was already a roomy bus there that was supposed to take them to Vyborg. (3) The guys were already completely ready for the trip, but the teacher had not arrived yet. (4) Either her trolleybus was delayed, or her naughty daughter did not want to let her go to another city for the whole day.

(5) An elderly driver got off the bus and looked thoughtfully at the slightly confused schoolchildren. (6) Not only the guys were looking forward to the excursion, but he himself dreamed of finally escaping from the cramped, stuffy city.

To find the BSC, you need to determine which phrases contain 2 or more grammatical stems. Sentences 2, 3, 4 and 6 fit this condition. Phrases numbered 1 and 5 are simple with homogeneous predicates.

SSP and SPP (complex sentences) differ in communication methods: SSP uses coordinating conjunctions, while SSP uses subordinating conjunctions and allied words. Let us determine by what means the connection between simple parts. With the exception of sentence 2, where a conjunctive word was used which, all other phrases are connected using double ( either... or, not only... but also) and single coordinating conjunctions ( But). Therefore, phrases 3, 4 and 6 belong to the BSC.

Task 3. Complete parsing:

Began summer holidays, and we, of course, went to rest in the countryside.

Syntactic parsing is carried out in stages. In some cases, some steps are omitted (for example, determining the type of union); below is the most complete version of the analysis:

• Characterize it by the purpose of the statement and emotional coloring: narrative (does not contain a call to action or a question) and non-exclamatory.
• Determine the number of grammatical stems: holidays have started And we went on vacation. Therefore, the sentence is complex.
• The connection between the basics is ensured using a coordinating conjunction And. This means that the sentence is complex.
• Perform a separate analysis of the first simple sentence. Since it has both a subject and a predicate, it is two-part. The presence of a minor member (definitions summer) indicates prevalence. The proposal is not complicated in any way. The subject is expressed by a noun, the predicate by a verb, and the definition by an adjective.
• The second part is also two-part. It is spread by circumstance out of town. An introductory word acts as a complication Certainly. The subject is expressed by a personal pronoun, compound predicate- two verbs, one of which is in the infinitive form, adverbial - a noun.
• The diagram looks like: […], and […].

The syntactic analysis of any other sentence in which there is a coordinating connection is performed in a similar way.

Complex sentences - These are sentences consisting of several simple ones.

The main means of connecting simple sentences into complex ones are intonation, conjunctions (coordinating and subordinating) and allied words (relative pronouns and pronominal adverbs).

Depending on the means of communication, complex sentences are divided into allied And non-union. Union proposals are divided into compound And complex.

Compound Sentences (SSPs) are complex sentences in which simple sentences are linked to each other by intonation and coordinating conjunctions.

Types of compound sentences by nature of the conjunction and meaning

Note!

1) Coordinating conjunctions can connect not only parts of a complex sentence, but also homogeneous members. Their distinction is especially important for punctuation marks. Therefore, when analyzing, be sure to highlight the grammatical basics in order to determine the type of sentence (simple with homogeneous members or complex sentence).

Wed: A man walked from a smoky ice hole and carried a large sturgeon(Peskov) - a simple sentence with homogeneous predicates; I'll give you money for the trip, and you can call a helicopter(Peskov) is a complex sentence.

2) Coordinating conjunctions usually take place at the beginning of the second clause (the second simple sentence).

In some places the Danube serves as a border, but it serves and is expensive people to each other(Peskov).

The exception is unions, too, also, particles-unions, only. They necessarily occupy or can occupy a place in the middle of the second part (the second simple sentence).

My sister and I cried, my mother also cried(Aksakov); His comrades treated him with hostility, but the soldiers truly loved him.(Kuprin).

Therefore, when parsing, such complex sentences are often confused with non-union complex sentences.

3) The double conjunction not only..., but also expresses gradational relations and is classified as a connecting conjunction in school textbooks. Very often, when parsing, only the second part is taken into account ( but also) and are mistakenly classified as adversative conjunctions. To avoid making mistakes, try replacing this double conjunction with the conjunction and.

Wed: Language should not only be understandable or simple, but also language must be good (L. Tolstoy). - Language must be understandable or simple, and language must be good.

4) Compound sentences are very diverse in meaning. Quite often they are close in value to complex sentences.

Wed: If you leave, it will become dark(Shefner). - If you leave, it will become dark; I didn't eat anything, but I didn't feel hungry(Tendryakov). - Although I didn't eat anything, I didn't feel hungry.

However, when parsing, it is not this specific value that is taken into account, but the value determined by the type coordinating conjunction(conjunctive, adversative, divisive).

Notes In some textbooks and manuals, complex sentences include complex sentences with explanatory conjunctions that is, namely, For example: The board authorized him to speed up the work, that is, in other words, he authorized himself to do this(Kuprin); Bird flights developed as an adaptive instinctive act, namely: it gives birds opportunity to avoid unfavorable conditions winter(Peskov). Other researchers classify them as complex sentences or separate them into an independent type of complex sentences. Some researchers classify sentences with particles only as non-union sentences.

SSP - sentences with equal relationships between parts (at the syntactic level).

Differential features of BSC:

1) relative autonomy of predicative parts in grammatical and semantic terms

2) the presence of compositional unions (the main means of connecting the predicate parts).

The meaning of the relationships between the parts can be varied: both the relative independence of individual parts and interdependence.

Classifications:

1. By type of union (connects, opposes, divides)

2. By type of relationship between parts (relative of the next part to the previous one)

3. By type of structure (open (open (unclosed, same-type series. There can only be 2 pedic parts. Gradational relationships will join against conjunctions) / closed (2 connected parts, a sentence with will connect and will be divided by conjunctions. MB any number of predicate parts))

5. Reversible and irreversible structures (parts of a sentence can/cannot be swapped while maintaining relationships)

Types of BSC:

1) with connecting conjunctions (and, yes, neither...nor)

The relationship itself will connect. (simultaneous events)

Relative time sequence

Investigative relations

Connected-opposite.relative (and=but)

2) with disjunctive conjunctions (or, then...then):

Relative mutual exclusion (or)

Relative time alternation (this...that)

The meaning of unreliability (either...not that, or...or)

3) with adversative conjunctions (but, yes=but, however, for something):

Opposite-restrictive relation

Opposite-concessive relatives (it was a hard day, but he was not tired)

Opposite-compensatory relations (but)

Comparative relation(s)

Opposite-conditional (otherwise)

4) with gradational unions:

Relative gradations according to the degree of significance of the event (not only, but...)

Relative gradations according to the degree of reliability of the event (not that, but...)

5) with particle-unions (establishing a connection with the previous context)

Connective-identifying relations (too)

Comparative relations (same)

Opposite-restrictive relation (only, only)

6) with connecting conjunctions - moreover, moreover, yes and, also, too.

7) with explanatory conjunctions (that is, or, in other words)

26. Bsp. The place of bsp in the classification of complex sentences. Synonymy of bsp and union proposals. Structural and semantic characteristics of bsp.

BSP is a sentence, the parts of which are connected in meaning, intonation, by the relationship between the types of tense forms of predicate verbs and the order of arrangement of the parts (Valgina).

Until the 50s of the 20th century, BSPs were considered as sentences with omitted conjunctions.

In 1933, Peshkovsky described non-union composition and subordination. He called allied pauses a means of communication.

The grass is turning green, the sun is shining. (a non-union essay, since you can substitute the conjunction and.

BSP owes its birth and recognition to Professor Pospelov.

Structural classification:

BSP of one-piece composition, i.e. with the same type of parts.

BSP of heterogeneous composition or with different types of parts similar to SPP

She understood that Vasya was mistaken. You can substitute something

Semantic characteristics of the BSP:

Based on types of intonation

Lists sentences consisting of 2 or more parts. Intonation of enumeration, raising the tone at the end of each part. The last part is the lowering of tone at the end of the sentence.

Match the sentence. There are always only 2 parts, which talk about opposite phenomena. Intonation is comparable - raising the tone at the end of the first part and strong logical emphasis on supporting words in each part

It’s not I who will die, it’s the living connection that will die.

Sentence of conditionality

Consist of 2 parts in which two interconnected events are reported, the second being the result or consequence of the first.

Intonation is the same as in type 1

A thread from the world - a naked shirt

The forest is being cut down - the chips are flying

Predl will explain

The second part reveals the content of the first. Intonation – the first part lowers the tone at the end the second part at a faster tempo

I know I will pass all exams

Attaches the peddle

I will pass all the exams - this is obvious (intonation will add)

Most non-union sentences can be converted into union ones, so we can talk about the synonymy of non-union sentences and some types of union compound and complex sentences.

Synonyms are:

1) non-conjunct complex sentences with the meaning of a list of actions, events, phenomena occurring simultaneously or sequentially, and complex sentences with repeated or non-repeating conjunctions and (th), and (in the meaning of and) (The bows were lush, the fields were rich, the gardens were dense - And the meadows were lush, and the fields were rich, and the gardens were dense).

2) non-conjunctive complex sentences with the meaning of opposition, comparison and complex sentences with adversarial conjunctions but, however, but, however (Happiness does not go into everyone’s hands - it runs away from many (G. Tyutyunnik) - Happiness does not go into everyone’s hands, but from it runs away from many);

3) non-union complex sentences with temporary, conditional, investigative relations between parts and complex sentences with subordinate clauses of time, conditions, consequences (The Cossacks hit the water with their oars - the oak tree bounced off the shore... (A. Kashchenko) - When the Cossacks hit the water with their oars , the oak tree bounced off the shore).

4) non-union complex sentences with causal and explanatory relationships and complex sentences with contractual explanatory, determinative, causal (and Yurin’s heart skips a beat, he knows: he’s dreamed about this more than once (Yu. Smolich) - and Yurin’s heart skips a beat, he knows that He had dreamed about this more than once).

It was understood as a combination of simple sentences, achieved using certain syntactic means and characterized by semantic, constructive and intonational integrity. But its parts are not simple sentences, since: 1) they often cannot be independent communicative units, but exist only as part of a complex one; 2) do not have intonation completeness; 3) the entire proposal entirely answers one information question, i.e. represents one communicative unit. It is more correct to consider them not simple sentences, but predicative units.

Classification of complex sentences

Let's look at compound and examples and their classification. Let's start with the fact that both are complex. Complex sentences differ in the nature of the connection, the nature of the predicative units, and the order of the parts. They are union and non-union. Conjunctive sentences, which we will focus on in this article, are, in turn, divided into compound and complex sentences (see examples below).

Complex sentence (SSP)

The structural-semantic classification of SPP is based on an important formal feature - the nature of the syntactic, formal dependence of the subordinate part on the main one. This feature unites the scientific classifications of V.A. Beloshapkova and "Russian Grammar-80". All SPPs are divided into sentences of undivided and dissected types. Their differential features are as follows.

Undivided type

1. The subordinate part is in a clause position (refers to one word in the main one), a clause or correlative connection (refers to a demonstrative pronoun).

2. One of the parts is synsemantic, i.e. cannot be a semantically sufficient communicative unit outside of a complex sentence.

3. Means of communication - syntactic (multi-valued) conjunctions and allied words.

Exploded type

1. The subordinate clause refers to the entire main sentence: a determinative connection.

2. Both parts are autosemantic, i.e. potentially capable of existing independently.

3. Means of communication - semantic (unambiguous) conjunctions.

The most important sign is the first, structural sign.

Further classification of dissected type SPPs is carried out taking into account the content, semantic aspects (such as time, condition, concession, cause, purpose, consequence, comparative, comparative aspect that a complex sentence may have).

Examples from fiction and other suggestions:

• Several hours have passed since I left the city (temporarily).
• If you can, come at two o'clock (condition).
• Although it was already late, the lights were on in the house (concession).
• I almost never have free time, music requires full dedication (reason).
• To study well, you need to work hard (goal).
• His eyes shone like stars shine in the dark sky (comparative).
• If he masters thought, then he even more masters form (comparative).

The classification of NGN of an undifferentiated type is primarily based on a structural feature - the nature of the means of communication, and only at the second stage - on semantic differences.

Types of non-divided type IBS

1. With a union connection: explanatory, defining (quantitative, qualitative, qualification) and comparative.

2. With pronominal connection: pronominal-interrogative and pronominal-relative complex sentences.

Examples from fiction and other sentences with conjunctions:

• It’s stupid that you won’t come (explanatory).
• The air is so clean, as if it were not there (definitive, quantitative).
• He spoke quickly, as if he was being urged on (definitive, qualitative).
• All this happened as if no one was in the room (determinative complex sentence).

Examples from literature and other sentences with pronominal connections:

• You had to hear how he spoke (pronominal interrogative).
• The house we live in is new (pronominal relative, oriented).
• No matter who applied, there was no refusal (pronominal-relative, unoriented complex sentence).

Examples of sentences (grade 5, the Russian language textbook will help you continue this list), as you can see, can be given in a variety of ways.

A more detailed theoretical part can be found in many manuals (for example, V.A. Beloshapkova Grammar-80, etc.).