The best low-dose approx. Oral contraceptives and birth control pills. What to do if a drug is missed

Oral contraceptives(OC or birth control pills) are available by prescription and contain combinations of estrogen and progestin, or progestin alone.

Most women use combination hormone pills. Women who experience severe headaches or high blood pressure due to estrogen combination pills can take a progestin pill.

Birth control pills are the most popular method of contraception, used by millions of women.
Birth control pills work like this:

Prevent ovulation. Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary. If the egg does not come out, fertilization by the sperm cannot occur;
- prevents the penetration of sperm into the uterus, keeping the cervical mucus thick and sticky.

When a woman stops taking the pill, she usually regains fertility within 3-6 months.

Hormones used in birth control pills

Most pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone in a synthetic form (progestin). The estrogen compound used in most oral contraceptive (OC) combinations is estradiol. There are many different progestins, but common types include: levonorgestrol, drospirenone, norgestrol, norethindrone, and desogestrel.

These hormones can cause side effects, especially during the first 2-3 months after you start using them. Common side effects of oral contraceptives include:

Bleeding during the first few months;
- nausea and vomiting;
- headaches (in women with a history of migraine);
- soreness and compaction of the chest;
- irregular bleeding or bleeding between periods;
- weight gain (this is not related to oral contraceptives).

Low-dose monophasic oral (oral) contraceptives

Combined oral contraceptives aim to block ovulation. These OCs contain a combination of estradiol and a progestin called levonorgestrel. They are divided into monophasic (the level of hormonal substances in the tablets remains unchanged throughout the intake) or triphasic (the tablets contain three combinations of hormones that change during the menstrual cycle).

Low-dose monophasic OK are such as: Sizonal, Sizonic, Librel, Yarina.

Mini-pills are birth control pills that contain the hormone progestogen, which is similar to the natural hormone progesterone that a woman's ovaries produce. Progestogen-only pills contain only one ingredient and are different from the more common combined birth control pills, which contain progestogen and estrogen.

Below is a list of contraceptives, taking into account age, whether a woman has given birth or not yet, whether she suffers from any hormonal or other body disorders.

Microdosed birth control pills.They are suitable for young, nulliparous women who have a regular sex life. The drugs in this group are easily tolerated and have minimal side effects. Great for those who have never used hormonal contraceptives. As well as contraception for mature women over 35 years old (up to the onset of menopause).

Low dose birth control pills. Recommended for young, nulliparous women who have a regular sex life (in the event that microdosed drugs did not fit - the presence of bloody discharge on the days of taking active pills after the end of the period of adaptation to the drug). As well as contraception for women who have given birth, or women in late reproductive age.

High-dose oral contraceptives. These drugs are used only on prescription for the treatment of various hormonal diseases, as well as for contraception during the treatment of hormonal disorders.

- "Mini-drank" or progestin contraceptives. Recommended for women during breastfeeding, as well as for women who have given birth or women in late reproductive age who have a regular sex life, in case of contraindications to the use of estrogens.

Advantages and disadvantages of birth control pills

Benefits of oral contraceptives. In addition to preventing pregnancy, oral contraceptives may also have the following benefits:

Management of heavy menstrual bleeding and cramps, which are often symptoms of uterine fibroids and endometriosis (Natasia);
- prevention iron deficiency anemia caused by severe bleeding;
- reduction of pelvic pain caused by endometriosis;
- protection against ovarian and endometrial cancer with long-term use (more than 3 years);
- Reducing the symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Disadvantages and serious risks of oral contraceptives

Combining birth control pills can increase your risk of developing or worsening certain serious conditions. The risks depend in part on the woman's medical history. Some of the main risks associated with the birth control pill combination are deep vein thrombosis, heart attack, and stroke.

Have been smoking for over 35 years;
- have uncontrolled high blood pressure, diabetes, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS);
- have a history of heart disease, stroke, thrombosis, or risk factors for heart disease (unhealthy cholesterol levels, obesity);
- have migraines with aura.

Serious risks of birth control pills may include:

- venous thromboembolism (VTE)

All combinations of estrogen and progestin - contraceptive products - lead to the risk of blood clots in the veins (venous thromboembolism), which can lead to blood clots in the arteries of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) or lungs (pulmonary embolism). Birth control pills containing drospirenone (Yazev and Beyaz) can increase the risk of blood clots much more than other types of birth control. Because of the risk of VTE, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that women not use combined hormonal contraceptives for 21 to 42 days postpartum;

- Hormones and pregnancy.

Hormonal disruptions often lead to complications, the first of which is cycle failure. In connection with this phenomenon, women who want to have children may experience difficulties in conceiving and more severe complications already during pregnancy. Pregnancy planning with an unstable ovulatory phase and hormonal imbalance should be carefully monitored, it is necessary to conduct healthy lifestyle life, eat right and monitor the level of sex hormones. The Time Factor complex helps to maintain the natural ratio of progesterone and estrogen in the body. Biologically active substances in the composition of the complex will help not only alleviate the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, but also normalize the cycle, and, accordingly, make it possible to designate the days suitable for conception.

Birth control pill combinations contain estrogen, which can increase the risk of stroke, heart attack, and thrombosis in some women;

Several studies have found an association between an increased risk of cervical cancer and long-term (more than 5 years) use of oral contraception. Recent studies show that OC slightly increases the risk of breast cancer;

In rare cases, oral contraceptives have been associated with tumors of the liver, gallstones, or hepatitis (jaundice) in studies. Women with a history of any liver disease should consider other methods of contraception;

Some types of medicines can interact with each other, reducing the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. These drugs include anticonvulsants, antibiotics, antifungals, and antiretrovirals. vegetable medicine St. John's wort may interfere with the effectiveness of birth control pills. The patient should ensure that their physician knows all medications, vitamins, or herbal supplements he/she is taking;

Birth control pills do not protect against any sexually transmitted diseases(STDs), including HIV. Unless a woman is in a monogamous relationship with an absolutely uninfected partner, she must be sure that a condom is used during intercourse - regardless of whether she is taking oral contraceptives.

Genetic disorders while taking oral contraceptives

By "genetic disorders" is meant any physical or mental pathology that can be inherited from parents. There are congenital diseases. Some genetic disorders do not appear at birth, but develop as a person grows, when signs and symptoms appear. Pathology may remain unrecognized until a person reaches puberty or until adulthood.

A comprehensive genetic analysis of the genes of blood coagulation factors II and V to identify the risk of thromboembolic complications while taking hormonal oral contraceptives (OC) will make it possible to take the right decision healthier methods of contraception and family planning.

The most serious complication when taking hormonal OCs is their effect on the hemostasis system. The estrogen component of the combined OK activates the blood coagulation system, which increases the likelihood of thrombosis - primarily coronary and cerebral, then - thromboembolism.

In women using combined OCs, the risk of venous thromboembolic complications is low, but it is higher than in those who do not use these OCs. The risk level increases with age, overweight, surgery and thrombophilia.

In most cases, genetic risk factors for the development of thromboembolic complications are mutations in the genes of blood coagulation factors II and V. The likelihood of developing thrombosis associated with a genetic predisposition is seriously increased when combined with other genetic defects.

Mutation of factor V and the use of hormonal contraceptives mutually affect the blood coagulation system, and this, when combined, significantly increases the risk of venous thrombosis. This risk while taking OCs in women who carry the Leiden mutation is 6-9 times higher than in women with normal factor V, and more than 30 times higher than in those who do not take OCs.

With a mutation in the prothrombin (F2) gene, its level increases and can be 1.5-2 times higher than normal, which leads to increased blood clotting. A pathologically altered genotype is an indicator of the risk of developing thrombosis and myocardial infarction. With a combination of mutations in the F2 and F5 genes, the risk of developing thromboembolic complications while taking hormonal contraceptives increases significantly. In this regard, a number of experts consider testing for the presence of a Leiden mutation and a mutation of the prothrombin gene necessary for all women who take hormonal contraceptives (or those who are going to take them).

Content

Any modern girl must take care of her health. Therefore, contraception plays an important role in the prevention of unplanned pregnancy. Today, medicine offers a huge range of various means, and a woman has the right to decide for herself which birth control pills to choose for her body.

Contraceptive pills after 40 years

Many women who have reached the age of forty are interested in the question, contraceptive pills - which ones are better to choose for protection and is it possible to choose such funds on your own? Only a qualified specialist will help determine the choice of drugs, who, having assessed the state of health, will be able to offer contraceptives for women after 40 years.

To prevent pregnancy, it is better to give preference to drugs that do not contain estrogen. This type of birth control is called a mini-pill. Their advantage is the ability to prevent the development of endometrial hyperplasia in its infancy. Other non-hormonal contraceptives in the form of ointments and suppositories are prescribed for women whose sex life is not permanent. The main difference between these drugs and the previous type is that they should not be taken daily, but only before sexual intercourse.

Oral contraceptives after 40 years

The modern pharmaceutical market is represented by a huge number of contraceptives. As a rule, after 40 years, gynecologists try to prescribe oral contraceptives, because. they 100% prevent pregnancy. In this case, the reception should be dosed, any deviations can cause unpleasant consequences. List of the best oral contraceptives after 40 years:

• Depo Provera- The drug is sold as an injection.
• Jess- reduces puffiness.
• Marvelon- Prevents pregnancy and improves the condition of the skin.
• Regulon- an effective contraceptive that normalizes the menstruation cycle.
• Silest- inhibits the activity of the egg.

Hormonal contraceptives after 40 years

After forty years, the real salvation for the fairer sex are hormonal preparations. As a rule, women who have reached adulthood complain of deterioration in health and failures of various functions in the body. This is due to the onset of menopause. The following hormonal contraceptives after 40 years can come to the rescue:

• Trisequence. Contains estrogen and progesterone, eliminates the painful symptoms of menopause.
• Femoston. Includes Estradiol, it is advised to use the drug to increase bone tone.
• Janine. Changes the state of the uterine mucosa, affects the appearance of ovulation.
• Novinet. Normalizes the menstrual cycle, reduces blood loss.
• Silest. Suppresses ovulation.

Contraceptive pills after 40 years with myoma

IN adulthood many women experience diseases of the genital organs. The most common disease is uterine fibroids. The main danger of the disease is the formation of nodes that can burst and cause bleeding. Therefore, it is important to choose the right contraceptive. Experts advise giving preference to such contraceptive pills after 40 years with myoma:

• Diana 35. It has an estrogenic, antiandrogenic, contraceptive effect.
• Regulon. Reduces blood loss during menstruation.
• Yarina. Blocks ovulation and increases the viscosity of mucus in the uterus.
• Regividon. Oppressive effect on the production of gonadotropic hormones.

Contraceptives for women under 30

Many young women, when choosing contraceptives, are interested in the question, which birth control pills do not get better? Doctors advise, in the absence of contraindications, to take medium and low-dose hormonal contraceptives, which are convenient to use. Barrier and chemical protection methods (condoms, suppositories) at this age should not be used because of the high probability of pregnancy, but birth control pills up to 30 years old can help:

• Charosetta, contains desogestrel. The drug is suitable for breastfeeding.
• Femulen. Increases antisperm aggressiveness.
• Yarina. Changes the properties of the secret (mucus) that is in the cervix.
• Logest. Inhibits the maturation of follicles.

Microdosed birth control pills

For nulliparous young women who are sexually regular, microdosed birth control pills are best suited. Preparations of this group do not have side effects and are easily tolerated by the body. Great for those who have never used hormonal contraceptives. List of the most popular microdosed tablets:

• claira. As close as possible to the hormonal natural background of a woman.
• Jess Plus. It has a cosmetic (antiandrogenic) effect.
• Zoely. Monophasic drug that contains hormones similar to natural ones.
• Lindinet-20. Reduces the occurrence of ectopic pregnancies.
• Dimia. Replaces the endometrium and increases the viscosity of the secret that is in the cervix.

The best birth control pills for giving birth - rating

For women who have already experienced the happiness of motherhood, low-dose preparations are best suited, which, although they contain estrogenic components, are safe to use. From micro and high-dose drugs in mature women, unplanned bleeding may occur during menstruation. List of the best birth control pills for giving birth:

• Silhouette. Inhibits ovulation, eliminates acne.
• Midian. The action of the contraceptive is aimed at reducing the likelihood of ovulation.
• minisiston. It treats dysmenorrhea, eliminates the functional disorder of the menstrual cycle.
• Silest. Changes the implantation ability of the endometrium.
• Marvelon. Prevents the maturation of the egg.

The best birth control pills without side effects

Many girls refuse to use birth control pills because of the hormone content. But modern pharmaceutical companies have created the latest drugs, in which the content of synthetic hormones is minimized. This helps to reliably protect women from pregnancy and does not harm the body. At the same time, a decrease in the dose of hormones does not reduce the effectiveness of the drug. The list of the best birth control pills without side effects:

• Yarina. Prevents the appearance of edema and weight gain, treats acne.
• Janine. Reduces the intensity of bleeding.
• Regulon. Resolves ovarian cysts, treats dysfunction of uterine bleeding.
• Logest. Prevents the development of many gynecological diseases.

Good non-hormonal birth control pills

Non-hormonal drugs are not taken orally, but are inserted into the vagina. The mechanism of action of such contraceptives lies in the high content of active substances: nonoxynol or benzalkonium chloride. These compounds, damaging the membrane of spermatozoa, destroy them, which leads to the destruction of tadpoles. List of good non-hormonal birth control pills:

• Pharmatex. The activity of the drug lasts for three hours.
• Erotex. In addition to the contraceptive effect, it also has an antimicrobial effect.
• Gynecotex. The contraceptive effect lasts 4 hours.
• Benatex. The activity of the tablet is maintained for 3 hours.
• Patentex Oval. It has a high contraceptive activity.

Hormonal birth control

The essence of the hormonal contraceptive method is to suppress ovulation. For this, synthetic analogues of sexual female hormones. Hormonal contraception is represented by two types: oral tablets and prolonged means. List of the most popular hormonal contraceptives:

• Regulon. The main advantage of using pills is that the remedy does not add weight to a woman.
• Lactinet. Does not affect the lipid spectrum of the blood.
• Tri-regol. Reduces the chance of sperm entering the uterus.
• Femodene. Reduces the susceptibility of the endometrium to fixation of the blastocyst.

Combined birth control pills

To avoid unwanted pregnancy, you can use a new generation of combined contraceptive pills, which include synthetic substances in small therapeutic doses. Depending on the qualitative composition, the following classification of combined products is distinguished:

1. Monophasic(Cilest, Belara, Logest, Demoulin, Chloe, Mercilon, Regulon, Ovidon, Non-Ovlon). They contain gestagen and estrogen in a single dosage, painted in the same color.
2. Two-phase(Anteovin). Consist of two tablets painted in different colors.
3. Three-phase(Tri-regol, Tri-merci, Triquilar, Triseston). They contain three groups of tablets, which are considered more adapted to the woman's natural cycle.

Cheap birth control pills - names

Inexpensive oral contraceptives contain only female hormones - gestagens and estrogens, expensive drugs additionally include antiandrogens - they have fewer side effects and a lower chance of getting fat. Moreover, the price of such funds is more than 1000 rubles for 28 tablets. Good cheap birth control pills are:

The price of birth control pills

You can buy contraceptives at a pharmacy. In addition, a suitable medicine can be found, ordered in online catalogs and bought in an online store. The cost of drugs, as a rule, depends on the number of tablets in the package, the manufacturer's company, the region where they are sold. Approximate prices for birth control pills:

How to choose birth control pills

To choose the right birth control pills with maximum effect and minimal side effects, you need to consult a doctor. Self-selection can cause negative consequences for the body. It is possible to determine the appropriate drug only after analysis. An approximate scheme for the selection of tablets will be as follows:

• consultation of a gynecologist (the specialist must know the height, weight, age of the patient; whether there were abortions / childbirth, the duration and abundance of menstruation);
• analysis for oncocytology;
• contacting a mammologist;
• cluster blood test for biochemistry, including determination of hormone levels;
• OMT ultrasound on the seventh day of the cycle.

Video

Contraceptive pills - reviews

Karina, 29 years old For a long time I wanted to find a contraceptive from which you can not get fat. A friend advised me to pay attention to Pharmatex. After consulting with a specialist, I bought this drug. This contraceptive medicine should not be drunk, it should be placed inside the vagina before sex. You can't recover from pills.

Olga, 35 years old My husband and I have been living for 10 years. Became protected only 5 years ago. During this time I tried different methods of contraception. She put a spiral, introduced a special ring. We used a condom, but there are only minuses from it. After consulting with the doctor, I bought inexpensive pills called Regulon. Both are happy with the result.

Elena, 30 years old Non-hormonal contraceptives have always fascinated me. But I had to pay attention to them during lactation. After studying the reviews on the Internet, after consulting with a doctor, I chose Patentex Oval. The medicine is convenient to use, it is designed for one dose, which protects the body from the load of various medicines.

Attention! The information provided in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.

Most people, due to the lack of knowledge in the field of medicine, consider hormonal drugs to be something terrible, bringing a huge number of side effects (from weight gain to significant hair growth). Such fears are unfounded. An example is hormonal pills for women. These drugs are widely available and effective in their application. What hormones are, why they are drunk, and which of them are the best, is discussed in the article.

The composition of hormonal preparations includes synthetic hormones or hormonoids (substances that have similar properties). Hormones are produced by the glands of the endocrine system. Entering the bloodstream, they are carried throughout the body and reach target cells, which have a direct effect. There are specific reactions that control the vital activity of the body.

All hormonal medications can be divided into the following types:

• pituitary preparations - representatives are chorionic gonadotropin and oxytocin, which is known to every woman;
• thyroid hormones - used in the treatment of insufficient or excessive synthesis of hormonally active substances;
• pancreatic drugs (based on insulin);
• preparations of the parathyroid glands;
• hormones of the adrenal cortex - glucocorticosteroids, which are used in most areas of medicine to relieve insufficiency, inflammatory and allergic processes;
• preparations of sex hormones (estrogens, progestins, androgens);
• anabolics.

What are hormones used for?

Hormonal drugs are used to treat and prevent a number of pathological conditions, namely:

• as a contraceptive;
• for replacement treatment during menopause and menopause, this also includes men with androgen deficiency;
• treatment of inflammatory and allergic diseases;
• replacement therapy for deficiency of certain hormones;
• as a link in the complex treatment of tumor processes.

Female hormonal preparations are used for the following purposes:

• violation of the menstrual cycle;
• prevention and treatment of anemia;
• period after ectopic pregnancy;
• postpartum contraception (3 weeks after the end of lactation);
• therapy of gynecological pathologies;
• post-abortion condition.

Features of oral contraception

The history of contraception goes back to ancient times. What was not used until the structure of steroid hormonally active substances and the discovery of the overwhelming effect of high doses of sex hormones on ovulation was studied. It was interrupted sexual intercourse, various covers soaked in infusions and decoctions of herbs, fish bubbles, prolonged breastfeeding.

The use of hormones began in 1921, when the Austrian professor Haberlandt confirmed the possibility of inhibiting the process of ovulation by introducing an extract from the ovaries themselves. In 1942, progesterone was first synthesized in the USA, and used in 1954. It was considered a negative point that the hormones in the tablets at that time contained a significant dose of the active substance (tens of times higher than what a woman is taking now), and therefore caused a lot of side effects.

Modern drugs with good tolerance were synthesized in the 90s of the XX century. How much effective drug, estimates the Pearl index. This indicator clarifies the possibility of pregnancy within 12 months of regular use of the drug. The index of modern hormonal drugs is in the range from 0.3% to 3%.

Contraceptives based on hormones:

• combined;
• mini-pills (non-combined);
• preparations for urgent contraception.

Combined hormonal agents

COC is a group of the most popular modern means contraception. They include estrogen (ethinyl estradiol) and progestogen (norgestrel, levonorgestrel, desogestrel) - hormones similar in their action to female sex hormones.

Depending on the dosage, as well as the ratio of gestagens and estrogens, there are several groups of hormonal tablets:

1. Monophasic - have the same dosage of active substances in each tablet of the package.
2. Biphasic - the amount of estrogen is constant, and the dose of progestogen varies depending on the phase of the cycle.
3. Three-phase - a variable content of hormones in the composition.

The last group is considered the most physiological. It contains three types of tablets. The amount of hormones in each type depends on the phase of the menstrual cycle. The first 5 tablets correspond to the follicular phase, the next 6 pieces imitate the periovulatory, the remaining 10 - the luteal phase. The amount of estrogen in each of the tablets is maximum, and the level of progestogen increases systematically, reaching the highest levels by the third phase of the cycle.

Mechanism of action

All hormone-based contraceptives are aimed at preventing the production and release of active substances, the action of which is associated with ovulation and implantation of the ovum into the uterine cavity. The gonads decrease in size, as if "falling asleep".

The drugs have the ability to make the cervical mucus thicker, which prevents the penetration of a significant amount of sperm into the uterus. In addition, there is a change in the functional state of the endometrium, it becomes thinner, its ability to attach a fetal egg to itself decreases, if conception does occur.

Reviews of women who use the funds of this group confirm the effectiveness of the application at the age of up to 35 years. The package contains 21 tablets of the same color. There may be a strict usage pattern, but it is of little value since all tablets have the same composition. The following is a list of the most popular and effective remedies.

The drug contains ethinylestradiol in the amount of 30 mcg and 2 mg of dienogest. Regular reception has the following features:

• the Pearl index does not exceed 1%;
• has androgenic activity - taken by women with increased performance male hormones;
• normalizes the level of cholesterol in the blood.

Good product made in Germany. The gestagen is represented by gestodene (75 µg). Produced in the form of a dragee. Not recommended for use with others medicines as the risk of uterine bleeding increases.

The tool is the most popular representative of the group. Drospirenone acts as a progestogen. Properties are similar to Jeanine. In addition to lowering cholesterol and anti-adrogenic effects, Yarina has a positive effect on skin condition. This explains why dermatologists prescribe pills in the treatment of acne and acne.

It is an analogue of Logest. Significant differences are the country of origin, the color of the shell of the tablets, and the content of estrogen in the composition is slightly higher.

The name of this representative is also constantly heard. The composition includes ethinylestradiol and cyproterone acetate. The remedy is the drug of choice for those women who have an increased level of hair growth, since the progestogen, which is part of the composition, has a powerful antiandrogenic effect.

One of the well-tolerated drugs, excluding the formation of edema, weight gain, increased appetite. Drospirenone, which is part, has the following features:

• softens the effect of estrogen;
• relieves manifestations of premenstrual syndrome;
• reduces the level of cholesterol in the blood.

Monophasic drugs do not end there. There is also a significant number of representatives:

• minisiston;
• Mercilon;
• Silest;
• Regividon;
• Dimia;
• Midian.

Two-phase and three-phase means

Experts prefer monophasic drugs to representatives of these groups because of fewer side effects. Biphasic drugs are rarely used, which is why among them there are tablets whose names are not familiar even to pharmacists: Femoston, Anteovin, Binovum, Neo-Eunomine, Nuvelle.

Three-phase drugs, due to their physiological composition, are more popular, however, side effects and complications when taking them are no less pronounced. The representative of the group will be called as follows: the name begins with the prefix "three". For example, Tri-regol, Tri-merci, Trister, Triziston.

Tablets are colored in different colors depending on the phase of administration. Such drugs must be taken strictly according to the scheme that is attached to the package.

Advantages and disadvantages

Modern contraceptives have a lot positive qualities, which makes them widely used:

• fast effect and high reliability;
• the ability of the woman herself to control the state of her fertility;
• knowledge of the means;
• low frequency of side effects;
• ease of use;
• lack of influence on the partner;
• reducing the possibility of developing an ectopic pregnancy;
• a positive effect in the presence of benign tumor processes of the mammary gland;
• prevention of tumor processes in the female reproductive system;
• relief of manifestations of dysmenorrhea;
• positive effect on the condition of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, musculoskeletal system.

The negative aspects of COCs are the need for regular use according to a certain scheme, as well as the possibility of delaying subsequent ovulation cycles after drug withdrawal.

Contraindications

Absolute contraindications for the appointment of COCs are the presence of pregnancy, malignant tumors of the reproductive system and mammary glands, pathology of the liver, heart and blood vessels, acute thrombosis or thrombophlebitis, as well as uterine bleeding of unknown etiology.

Pathological conditions that create problems during the period of drug use include:

• arterial hypertension;
• epileptic state;
• migraine;
• depression, psychosis;
• diabetes mellitus of any type;
• pathology of the liver of a chronic nature;
• bronchial asthma;
• tuberculosis;
• porphyrin disease is a pathology of pigment metabolism, accompanied by high level porphyrins in the blood and their massive excretion with urine and feces;
• benign tumors of the uterus;
• upcoming immobilization or surgery.

There are a number of factors that reduce the effectiveness of the means used. These include dyspeptic manifestations in the form of vomiting and diarrhea, taking laxatives, antibiotics, anticonvulsant drugs. If vomiting and diarrhea occur within 3 hours of taking the last tablet, an additional tablet should be taken.

What are progestogen oral contraceptives?

These are alternative drugs (mini-pills) that contain only gestagens. Hormones from this group are needed in the following cases:

• older women;
• during lactation;
• those who smoke;
• those for whom COCs are contraindicated;
• patients with hypertension.

Progestin contraceptives have a higher Pearl index. It can reach 4%, which is a negative point for the contraceptive process. Representatives - Levonorgestrel, Charozetta, Ovret, Micronor.

Reception scheme

Tablets must be taken once a day at the same time. If a woman missed a dose, then you need to drink hormones as soon as you remember, even if you have to take two tablets at the same time.

If a woman remembers the pill no later than 12 hours after the need to take it, the contraceptive effect is preserved, after 12 hours, additional methods of protection should be used.

Urgent funds

Emergency contraception is represented by drugs used in moments of unforeseen cases. These drugs contain significant doses of hormones that prevent the process of ovulation or change the functional state of the endometrium of the uterus. The most famous are Postinor, Escapel, Ginepriston. Cases when it becomes necessary to take such drugs should be as rare as possible, since they cause a huge hormonal surge in the body.

How to choose an oral contraceptive

The specialist evaluates the hormonal balance of the patient's body and determines what is the minimum dose of the drug that will be able to show the desired effect. The dose of estrogen should not exceed 35 mg, and gestagen (in terms of levonorgestrel) - 150 mcg. The doctor also pays attention to the constitutional type of a woman. There are three main types:

• with a predominance of estrogens;
• balance;
• with a predominance of gestagens.

Representatives of the first type are suitable for those drugs that have an increased dose of gestagens, the third - with an increased level of the estrogen component. If a woman has signs of an increased amount of male sex hormones, ideal option will use drugs with enhanced antiandrogenic effect.

The gynecologist also evaluates the condition of the patient's reproductive organs. Menstruation is profuse, having a long period, an increased size of the uterus - factors advanced level estrogen in the body. Menstruation of a meager nature in combination with uterine hypoplasia indicates high levels of progestogen.

Currently, combined mono- and three-phase oral contraceptives are considered the most used, having a low dose of hormonally active substances that make up the composition. These funds have the same effectiveness and safety, if you follow the rules for their use. The choice between specific representatives is made on the basis of each individual clinical case. Confirmation that the contraceptive is chosen correctly is the absence of uterine bleeding or bleeding between menstruation.

Bibliography

1. Obstetrics: a course of lectures. UMO vulture medical education. Strizhakov A.N., Davydov A.I., Budanov P.V., Baev O.R. 2009 Publisher: Geotar-Media.
2. Obstetrics. National leadership. UMO certification for medical education. Ailamazyan E.K., Radzinsky V.E., Kulakov V.I., Savelyeva G.M. 2009 Publisher: Geotar-Media.
3. Gestosis: theory and practice. Ailamazyan E.K., Mozgovaya E.V. 2008 Publisher: MEDpress-inform.
4. Intrauterine infection: Management of pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. UMO certification for medical education. Sidorova I.S., Makarov I.O., Matvienko N.A. 2008 Publisher: MEDpress.
5. Clinical guidelines. Obstetrics and gynecology. Savelyeva G.M., Serov V.N., Sukhikh G.T. 2009 Publisher: Geotar-Media.

Planned children who appeared in the family by a deliberate and balanced decision are the key to harmony in the house, so this issue should be taken seriously. To avoid unwanted pregnancy, as well as to treat a number of gynecological problems, there are many medications. Before deciding which birth control pills to choose, you should understand the huge range of oral contraceptives that today's pharmaceutical market offers. All products created to prevent conception are divided into two groups:

1. COOK. Combined oral contraceptives with different composition.
2. Mini-drank. The most gentle for the body with one analogue of the hormone progesterone.

   Depending on which hormones are used in the preparation, COCs are divided into:

   • monophasic;
   • two-phase;
   • three-phase.
   Also, based on the number of active components in the composition, the following classification is accepted:
   • microdosed;
   • low-dose;
   • highly dosed
   It should be remembered that at different ages, certain medicines may or may not suit a woman. Therefore, in order to find out which are the best birth control pills after 30, 40 or 45 years, in your case, you must definitely visit a gynecologist, he will be able to give the most accurate recommendation.

   Let's take a closer look at the most popular anti-conception medications today.

   Contraceptive pills Regulon

   

   
   Monophasic, combined contraceptive, which contains estrogen and progestogen.
   1. Action. The remedy is effective due to its effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian system. With its help, the susceptibility of the endometrium to the blastocyst is reduced and the mucous viscosity in the cervix increases, which makes it more difficult for sperm to move.
   2. Application. Assigned to 1 piece per day from the first day of the full menstrual cycle. You need to drink 21 days, preferably at the same time. After that, the course is interrupted for a week and a new package is started. If more than five days have passed since the onset of menstrual bleeding, the start of the intake should be postponed to the next cycle.
   3. Contraindications. It is forbidden for patients with severe arterial hypertension, thromboembolism, ischemia, atherosclerosis, serious problems with the liver, heart defects, diabetic angiopathy, otosclerosis, genital herpes, hypersensitivity to components, lupus erythematosus, estrogen-dependent tumors, genital bleeding.
   4. Side effects. Very rarely, stroke, thrombosis, hypertension, heart attack, cholestatic jaundice, Sydenham's chorea, cholelithiasis were noted.
   The price of Regulon in Russia is about 460 rubles, and in Ukraine 130-160 UAH.

   Jess - birth control pills

   

   
   Low-dose contraceptive with antiandrogenic, antimineralocorticoid effect, good cycle control. Contains drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol. It is prescribed for acne vulgaris and for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome in a complex form.
   1. Action. It prevents pregnancy by suppressing ovulation, changing the properties of the cervical secret, due to which it becomes almost impermeable to spermatozoa.
   2. Application. Drink one tablet a day for 28 days without interruption with plenty of water. As soon as the blister is over, move on to the next one.
   3. Contraindications. You can not use patients with diabetes mellitus, with tumors in the liver, mammary glands, renal and adrenal insufficiency. It is forbidden for thrombosis, after heart attacks, ischemic attacks, vaginal bleeding, angina pectoris, pancreatitis, neurological migraine.
   4. Side effects. Mood swings, anxiety, nervousness, headache, candidiasis, inflammation of the mammary glands, irregular menstruation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, skin rashes, fluid retention, weight gain or loss.
   The price of Jess in Russia is 1100-1200 rubles, and in Ukraine 200-250 hryvnias. More detailed we already did earlier.

   Contraceptive Tri-Regol

   

   
   A three-phase agent containing estrogen and progestogen. It is used for contraception, treatment of bleeding disorders, premenstrual syndrome, dysmenorrhea.
   • Action. The release of luteinizing, follicle-stimulating hormone is prevented, due to which ovulation is inhibited, and the viscosity in the cervix also changes and spermatozoa cannot get further into the cavity.
   • Application. One piece is consumed daily for three weeks, then they take a break for 7 days. First they drink six pink, then five white and ten dark yellow tablets.
   • Contraindications. Do not prescribe for hypersensitivity to components, Gilbert, Rotor, Dubin-Johnson syndromes, severe liver and kidney ailments, cholecystitis, colitis, problems with the heart and blood vessels, thromboembolism, diabetes, tumors, sickle cell anemia, migraine, otosclerosis, herpes, severe pruritus, lipid metabolism disorders.
   • Side effects. Possible nausea and vomiting, tension in the mammary glands, weight changes, discomfort when wearing lenses, headache, intermenstrual bleeding, depression.
   The price of Tri-Regol in Russia is 300 rubles, and in Ukraine 220–300 UAH.

   Birth control pills Novinet

   

   
   Single-phase drug, with ethinyl estradiol and desogestrel. A reliable method of contraception that reduces the amount of bleeding and the duration of menstruation, removes pain, minimizes the possibility of infections in the pelvis, anemia, ectopic pregnancy, the development of diseases in the uterus, ovaries.
   • Action. It inhibits the maturation of the egg due to the influence of luteal and follicular synthetic hormones.
   • Application. A three-week period is drunk 1 tablet, after which they are interrupted for 7 days and start a new package. If it is required to delay menstruation, a break is not made.
   • Contraindications. Cannot be used for malignant tumors in the uterus and mammary glands, thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, stroke, heart attack, hypertension, severe diabetes mellitus, lipid metabolism disorders, ailments in the liver and kidneys, jaundice, hearing loss during a previous pregnancy, autoimmune diseases, skin rashes.
   • Side effects. Gagging, nausea, allergic rash, intermenstrual bleeding, pain in the head and breasts, weight changes, cancer of the cervix and glands, liver problems, thromboembolism, jaundice, sudden pain in the abdomen.
   The price of Novinet in Russia is 500 rubles, and in Ukraine 135–170 hryvnias.

   Contraceptive Yarina

   

   
   Monophasic agent, with a combination of the two main active ingredients of the estrogen ethinylestradiol and the progestogen drospirenone. It is very useful for patients suffering from hormone-dependent fluid retention, seborrhea, acne.
   • Action. The medicine changes the viscosity of the cervical mucus, inhibits ovulation, and prevents the egg from developing. Also, with its help, the concentration of HDL increases and the lipid profile improves, the drug has antiandrogenic activity.
   • Application. Every day for 21 days at a certain time they drink one dragee, then they stop for seven days and then continue according to the same scheme.
   • Contraindications. You can not be treated with such a medication if the patient has thrombosis, ischemic attacks, severe renal and hepatic pathologies, angina pectoris, tumors, diseases of the mammary glands, genital organs, bleeding, diabetes mellitus, heart attack or stroke.
   • Side effects. Pain in the mammary glands, discharge, intolerance contact lenses, nausea, pain in the head and abdomen, skin rashes, chloasma, migraine, fluid retention, changes in vaginal secretion.
   The price of Yarina in Russia is 1100 rubles, and in Ukraine 200-250 UAH.

   There are many proven remedies that reliably protect against unwanted pregnancy, but at the same time can cause a number of unpleasant side effects. Therefore, pharmaceutical companies annually try to release new medicines that will not be associated with health risks. Today, there are already a number of non-hormonal products on sale or with an extremely low percentage of them. The TOP-5 of the best contraceptive pills we have considered consists of drugs that will not only prevent conception, but at the same time affect the health of a woman as carefully as possible.

   Having decided to use oral contraception, you should definitely consult with a specialist, it is he who will help you choose the right medicine based on the condition, age and individual characteristics of the patient's body.

   How to choose birth control pills, see the following video:

Unwanted pregnancy is what worries many women the most. Everyone knows that abortion is injurious to health, and that is why prevention is the most topical issue. Gynecologists, in turn, are ringing the bells, because taking some of the new generation of contraceptives, unplanned pregnancies still end in abortions.

Medicine and pharmacology do not stand still. New modern drugs that protect against pregnancy are being developed and improved. This allows you to reduce the number of abortions and the consequences after them. Now there are not only hormonal pills, but also a whole group of topical preparations.

How do modern contraceptives work?

Vaginal contraceptives work very simply - getting into the body, Chemical substance kills sperm. Oral contraceptives prevent the development of eggs in the ovaries. They affect the uterine mucus, make it viscous and impassable for spermatozoa. Birth control pills inhibit or completely prevent the attachment of the embryo to the cervix. All this does not allow pregnancy to occur.

Topical preparations, such as suppositories, are a local and chemical method of contraception. They contain nanoxinalon or benzalkonium in their composition. It is these active substances that act on spermatozoa and make them immobile by violating the integrity of the membrane.

The vaginal ring is one of the methods of contraception, belongs to the group of hormonal drugs. It is made of elastic material, which contains a small dose of progesterone and estrogen. The dosage is such that the release of a mature egg is prevented. There are other contraceptives of high efficiency and safety.

Are modern contraceptives harmful?

If the contraceptive is not chosen correctly, it can harm female body. For example, there will be side effects, weight will begin to gain, hairline will increase. This applies only to hormonal drugs that are contraindicated in diseases of cardio-vascular system, diabetes. Even with problems in the liver and kidneys, such drugs are contraindicated. Women who smoke need to choose other contraceptives, because hormonal agents put a heavy strain on the heart. There is also an increased risk of thrombosis.

According to medical indicators, if you regularly take hormonal drugs for a long time, then sexual activity gradually decreases. This is due to a decrease in testosterone production.

What are contraceptives?

Contraceptives are the most different types and forms: hormonal pills, intrauterine devices, condoms, topical preparations, injections.

"Jess" is popular contraceptives new generation. This is not only birth control pills, but also a drug that treats some disorders in the field of gynecology and hormone dependence. This remedy treats acne and other imperfections of the skin of the face. Contraceptive effect achieved due to estrogen and gestagens, which are part of the drug. They are the ones that stop ovulation.

"Jess" affects the state of health during menstruation. Its composition affects the reduction of anemia and pain symptoms. Menstruation is faster. Very often, gynecologists prescribe this remedy for severe PMS symptoms. The advantage of these tablets over similar drugs is the low concentration of active substances. The drug is prescribed to women aged before the onset of menopause.

"Jess plus" is an effective contraceptive. In addition to hormones that inhibit sperm patency and block ovulation, the drug contains folate (calcium levomefolate). This is a type of folic acid that is essential for a woman's normal health. B9 is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and affects the nervous system. This drug is unique in that, unlike all contraceptive drugs, it gives the biggest guarantee. In addition, the composition of the product protects a woman from all troubles if a pregnancy suddenly occurs. Her body will be prepared for this, and the active form of the drug will help eliminate shortcomings in the formation of the neural tube of the future fetus, that is, eliminate the development of a violation nervous system baby. It is safe for women of reproductive age. It can be used from the age of 18 until the onset of menopause.

"Marvelon" is a new generation of contraceptives after 35 years. Women who have already given birth and are of childbearing age should take low-dose hormonal drugs. Marvelon can also be taken by women who have not given birth. It has a low content of hormones. This drug belongs to the group of oral hormonal contraception. Designed for women who have an active sex life. The composition of the tablets provides high-quality and complete protection against pregnancy. Medical indicators - 99% protection. Marvelon is safe for health, easy to use, helps to eliminate the problems of women during menstruation. If a woman has a serious PMS syndrome, then gynecologists often resort to prescribing this remedy. The low-dose drug in its composition contains ethinylstradiol, gestodene, norhistimat. These hormones are great for women over 35, as they improve the condition of the skin of the face, normalize hormonal balance and reduce the growth of unwanted hair. The drug is recommended for women after 25 years and before menopause.

Depo-Provera is a new generation of contraceptives after 40 years. He appeared on the pharmacological market not so long ago. This is a synthetic means of progesterone hormones. Currently, the drug is prescribed to women for contraception, treatment of a number of gynecological pathologies and even oncological pathologies. Women over 40 can also take oral contraceptives, but doctors prefer special injections. Depo-Provera is a suspension containing medroxyprogesterone acetate. Once it is injected under the skin, it acts as a contraceptive and blocks ovulation. The injections are very effective, they are administered intramuscularly, it has a number of positive therapeutic effects. Belongs to a group safe means with minimal side effects. Recommended for use by women over 40 and before menopause.

Vaginal suppositories "Farmateks" are excellent contraceptives of a new generation after 45 years. Since it is very difficult to choose contraceptives for women at this age, as there are various difficulties, Pharmatex is a reliable and safe option.

By this age, a bouquet of acquired diseases is observed, and what could be taken in youth is not at all suitable for 45 years. Closer to the period of menopause, gynecologists prescribe barrier contraceptives to women. It could also be condoms. But for those who are sexually active, the only way not to get pregnant is to use vaginal suppositories. Pharmatex is so effective remedy that it is compared with hormonal contraceptive ballet flats and with an intrauterine device. In addition to protecting against pregnancy, the active ingredients protect a woman from various diseases because they destroy pathogenic microflora. Candles are recommended to be used at the age of 45 and until the full onset of menopause.

"Patentex Oval" - modern contraceptive candles. It contains the chemical components nonoxynol and excipients that affect the decrease in the tension of the lipid membrane of spermatozoa. Once in the vagina, candles paralyze the ability to move sperm. A mechanical obstacle causes a spermatocidal substance, which, under the influence of body temperature, is distributed throughout the vagina. Thus, a stable barrier is formed. This prevents sperm from entering the cervix.

The drug has a good prevention against various infections. These suppositories can be used at any reproductive age, including after 45 years.

Nuvaring is a modern contraceptive. This is a ring made from a smooth and elastic material; it contains hormonal components that affect the movement of spermatozoa and prevent them from moving into the uterus. The ring is inserted into the vagina. Since it is flexible enough, it takes the desired shape. This method of protection is convenient and safe. The ring does not interfere with leading a full life and having sexual intercourse. There is no discomfort. The ring contains estrogen and progestogen. The ring is valid for one menstrual cycle. An excellent and effective remedy that treats a number of gynecological diseases. It is prescribed for women aged 18 years and before the onset of menopause.

"Laktinet" is a contraceptive called mini-pill. Each tablet contains synthetic analogues of female hormones. Progestin and estrogen prevent the movement of sperm into the uterus. "Lactinent" is not more effective than combined contraceptives and has a number of contraindications, so these drugs should be prescribed only by gynecologists. Mini-pills are prescribed, as a rule, only for lactating women or when combined drugs are contraindicated. These drugs are also prescribed to women after 45 years of age with varicose veins veins and diabetes. Suitable for women who smoke.

Contraceptive sponges are used more and more often. Some women do not want to be protected by contraceptives and help them escape from unwanted pregnancy barrier contraceptives. Contraceptive sponges do not allow sperm to enter the cervix due to a mechanical obstruction and the release of a special spermicidal substance.

Modern contraceptive sponges are made of soft polyurethane. The composition contains benzalkonium chloride, nonoxynol. They are very easy to use. They are prescribed to women at any reproductive age.

The most common method of protection against unwanted pregnancy is intrauterine contraception. The material used is polyethylene, which contains barium sulfate. Modern spirals differ in their shape from those used 10 years ago. The spiral contains a sputtering (copper or silver). The most commonly used T-shaped form of the intrauterine device.

This method of preventing unwanted pregnancy is not new, but, nevertheless, some forms and types of contraceptives belong to the new generation. Some coils contain progestogen or antibiotics. Inserted deep into the cervix.

Women who are of the progesterone type, that is, have an angular figure, small breasts, who have skin problems and menstruation are accompanied by painful symptoms, should give preference to drugs with an antiandrogenic effect. These are: "Jess", "Jess plus", "Yarina", etc.

If a woman has normal skin, menstruation is painless, then you can choose Mercilon, Regulon, Femoden and others.

It is also important to know that hormonal drugs are addictive, so you should take a break, otherwise side effects may appear.