Prolactin is increased; ovulation means pregnancy does not occur. How does prolactin affect ovulation? Is it possible to get pregnant with elevated levels?

Menstruation is one of the main natural processes in the body of a healthy girl or woman. Any problems associated with the reproductive system should be taken seriously. After all, the reasons for this can be very diverse: from pregnancy to dangerous diseases. If there is a delay, girls immediately have a question: “Why don’t menstruation start?” It will help you get the answer detailed review the most popular causes of cycle disruption.

Puberty

In girls, menstruation usually begins at the age of 12-14 and coincides with puberty, or rather, is its main indicator. But it forms a little later, which is why there may be delays.

Often, after the first menstruation, girls worry about why menstruation takes a long time to start again. This is completely normal and it may take one to two years to establish a regular cycle. So even if a young girl has not had her period for a whole month, there is no need to panic. However, if the delay lasts more than six months, you should consult a doctor, as in the case of an unknown cycle after two years. Sometimes it is significantly delayed, and girls at 16-17 years old only begin their first menstruation. The question immediately arises: “Can menstruation not begin at all?” Of course not, but in this case the girl’s mother should sound the alarm, because this could be a signal of dangerous diseases of the reproductive system.

Pregnancy

Why doesn't my period come for a long time? The answer to this question can be one of the most common reasons - pregnancy. After fertilization of the egg, menstruation ends until the birth of the child, and also covers part of the breastfeeding period. Moreover, for some it may take 1-2 months, while others part with menstruation until the very end of the lactation period (1-2 years). The reason for this is the production of prolactin. It is so strong that it suppresses all others female hormones in organism. If you refuse breastfeeding, then the menstrual cycle should return to normal in 1.5-2 months.

Abortions and miscarriages

As a result of an abortion or miscarriage, a woman experiences severe hormonal stress. Also, the procedure of surgical termination of pregnancy leads to a violation of the integrity of the uterine mucosa, and plus, it is often accompanied by severe blood loss. Therefore, even a long delay in menstruation in this case is quite possible.

Stress and depression

Women are very sensitive to various mental shocks. All kinds of quarrels, conflicts with colleagues or superiors, and even family scenes can affect the menstrual cycle.

Frequent emotional shocks will possibly lead to slight delays - up to several days. Also suitable for girls of student age. The need to combine work and study, chronic lack of sleep, extreme fatigue, exams and worries about grades can negatively affect the cycle. Severe stress should not be excluded from this list. Can menstruation be missed due to a fracture or injury, an extreme situation experienced, or death? loved one? Of course yes, because we can severe stress The body activates protective mechanisms, which can lead to a slight change in the cycle. This is due to a female characteristic, since in critical and unfavorable conditions environment nature warns the girl against the possible appearance of offspring.

Climate change

When traveling to another country, especially to another continent, be prepared for violations menstrual cycle. The acclimatization process does not always go smoothly, so menstruation may often begin ahead of schedule or, conversely, stay for several weeks. It is also worth paying attention to the time zone change. Yours will be rebuilt to new conditions, which may lead to changes in the cycle. Remember that when traveling to hot countries, you should not stay in the sun for very long; this can also cause a delay. The same applies to visiting a solarium.

Overweight or underweight

You are not pregnant, have no stress or anxiety, and consider yourself a completely healthy woman. So why don't you get your period? It may be worth paying attention to weight problems. Moreover, disruption of the menstrual cycle can occur both from obesity and from excessive thinness. Critical excess weight can lead to disruption of the reproductive system, as the fat mass will put pressure on vital organs. Alternatively, if you are underweight as you grow, your periods may stop altogether. This is due to the fact that the body will launch a self-defense mechanism, and all processes will be aimed at maintaining life support.

Diets and weight loss

In the race for perfect figure women are ready to go to even the most extreme measures, and most often torture themselves by starvation. However, it is worth remembering that a sharp decrease in the number of calories entering the body can lead to long delays, since in this case protective functions are activated

Thus, the body will decide that it has entered into unfavourable conditions, and will direct all efforts to “conserving” energy. As a result, the work of the reproductive system temporarily stops. Even if you decide to lose weight through dieting, you need to do it correctly. Carefully monitor your diet, do not allow an acute deficiency of one of the BZHU links. A severe deficiency, as well as an excess of one of the components, can lead not only to problems with the gastrointestinal tract, but also disrupt the regularity of menstruation.

Excessive exercise

It is believed that sport does not harm anyone, but you should not expose it to stress, as you risk disrupting your menstrual cycle. Delays are also often found in women who engage in heavy physical labor or perform men's work.

Hormonal contraceptives

Sometimes women resort to emergency contraception. Pills with a huge amount of hormones can help them with this. But it is worth understanding that their use often leads to a long-term delay. A violation may also occur if you for a long time used contraception and then decided to stop taking it to plan a pregnancy. The body temporarily stops working as before, since for a long time it was subject to hormones coming from the outside. This phenomenon is called “ovarian hyperinhibition.” A woman’s egg stops maturing for a while, which is why menstruation does not begin. But after 2, in rare cases 3 cycles, everything will return to normal.

Intoxication of the body

My stomach doesn’t hurt, my period doesn’t start, what’s the reason? The answer may lie in severe intoxication of the body. If a woman’s work is associated with hazardous production, where she is exposed to chemical or radioactive effects, then in the future this can lead to problems with the menstrual cycle. Also, do not forget that female body reacts very negatively to smoking, as well as to taking drugs and alcohol. Long-term exposure to these reagents can lead not only to short-term delays, but also to infertility.

Medications

Various medications greatly affect a woman’s menstrual cycle. If you overuse anabolic and painkillers, be prepared for repeated delays. You should not often resort to treating psychological illnesses with antidepressants. This can also negatively affect the regularity of your cycle. It's better to give preference folk remedies and soothing medicinal herbs. Often, many diseases have to be treated with antibiotics, which not only negatively affect the beneficial microflora of the vagina, but also lead to a sharp decrease in overall hormonal levels. This is why menstruation does not come for a long time after serious colds, stomach and bladder diseases.

Ovarian dysfunction

Why haven't my periods started for more than a week? If you have asked yourself this question, then if pregnancy is ruled out, you should contact a gynecologist and have your ovaries examined. The most common causes are hypothermia of the pelvic organs, disruption of the thyroid gland and other problems and disruptions in the body. In any case, it is worth visiting a doctor to do a laboratory blood test, visit an endocrinologist and undergo an ultrasound of the uterus and ovaries.

Gynecological diseases

The most common cause of delay is various gynecological diseases. Any inflammation of the organs of the reproductive system can negatively affect the functioning of the ovaries and disrupt the cycle (for example, diseases of the cervix, fibroids, endometritis, cysts, adenomyosis and tumor processes in the genitourinary system). Symptoms of these diseases can be all kinds of nagging and stabbing pains, uncharacteristic discharge, and in this case, you should contact a qualified medical care or consultation with a specialist.

Climax

Has your stomach not hurt for a long time, have your periods not started for a long time? What's happened? Perhaps you're just going through menopause. In women after forty, a gradual decline in reproductive function begins. Strong hormonal changes lead to the termination of ovarian function, and the cycle can be very irregular. After crossing the threshold of childbearing age, menstruation may stop altogether. However, for some women it can happen at age 45, while for others it can happen well into their 60s.

All women know that menstruation should begin at a certain time. However, not everyone experiences them regularly. It happens that the monthly cycle is disrupted, and menstruation is delayed.

There are many reasons for this phenomenon: from natural to pathological. Therefore, if your period is delayed for any reason, you should immediately consult a doctor. After all, only a medical specialist will be able to accurately determine why menstruation does not begin by carrying out the necessary diagnostics.

Delay of menstruation

The menstrual cycle is the period of time between two menstruation (more precisely, between their first days). If the woman is healthy, this period does not change and is normally 21-39 days. Delayed menstruation is considered to be a cycle disorder when menstrual bleeding does not begin at the expected time.

It should be noted that each woman has an individual duration of the monthly cycle, which remains throughout the entire period of reproductive age.

A delay of one to three days in menstruation is not considered a deviation from the norm. In this case, there is no particular need to seek medical help. As a rule, a short delay in menstruation, a feeling of nausea, spotting of blood, mild pain in the chest, lower back and lower abdomen indicate that menstruation will begin soon. But if you have a longer delay in menstruation, for example, by seven days or more, this should already be a cause for concern. In this case, be sure to go to an appointment with a gynecologist, since there are many reasons why there may be a delay in menstruation, other than pregnancy. It can be various diseases. With timely diagnosis of the factors causing a delay in menstruation, treatment will be more effective.

Delayed menstruation during pregnancy and lactation

Often the reason why there is no period is pregnancy, and not some serious illness. If your period is more than 7 days late and symptoms such as nausea and pain in the lower abdomen appear, take a pregnancy test. A positive result will be indicated by two lines on the test. If the result was negative and menstruation has not started, pregnancy may have occurred., but you took the test too early. In this case, the procedure should be repeated after a few days. Delayed menstruation is observed throughout pregnancy and during the lactation period.

Many women are interested in: “Why don’t you have periods for a year or more after giving birth?” Medical experts explain that the reason for this is an increased level of prolactin in the blood, which is responsible for the production breast milk hormone. When a woman, for some reason, does not breastfeed her baby, her periods begin approximately 6-8 weeks after giving birth. A nursing mother may not experience menstruation throughout the entire lactation period, until approximately two or three years. Very in rare cases A woman who is breastfeeding may begin menstruation one and a half or two months after giving birth

Why is there no menstruation, and acute, intensifying pain and weakness appeared? Symptoms such as these may indicate the onset of ectopic pregnancy. This happens if the embryo attaches to the wall of the fallopian tube. If the above symptoms appear, seek medical help immediately, as a ruptured fallopian tube may result in severe bleeding from the vagina and painful shock, which poses a threat to the woman’s life.

Why no periods - not pregnant

Failure to get your period on time can be caused by many other reasons besides pregnancy. Next in our article we will look at the most common factors that cause delayed menstruation.

Hormone imbalance

Doctors note that the most common cause Why menstruation does not come is due to hormonal imbalances. When it is a truly insignificant “failure”, then there is nothing to worry about. However, if the changes are quite serious, for example, an increase in the content of the hormone prolactin in the body, menstruation will not last long. Hormonal imbalances can also be caused by diseases such as hirsutism and microadenoma (tumor) of the pituitary gland. Hirsutism occurs due to an increase in testosterone levels in a woman’s body. This disease manifests itself as male-pattern hair growth (hair grows on the chin, above the lips, on the thighs, and acne appears). In case of hormonal imbalances, you should take a blood test and be examined by an endocrinologist.

Gynecological problems

Why no period, not pregnant, according to the test result? This question can often be found on medical forums. Gynecologists say that the likely cause of this may be the development of a cyst in the ovary. Symptoms of this disease, in addition to delayed menstruation, are nagging pain in the lower back and lower abdomen. If the cyst remains in the ovary for a long time, it may rupture, resulting in severe bleeding. Surgery is often required to treat this disease.

The menstrual cycle may also be disrupted due to a disease such as adnexitis (inflammation of the ovaries and fallopian tubes). It usually appears severe pain. Typically, this disease occurs as a result of various infectious diseases and hypothermia.

Age

The first menstruation (menarche) occurs during adolescence (approximately 12-14 years). For 1-2 years after menarche, delays in menstruation may occur, due to the fact that at this age hormonal levels are just getting better. After the specified period, the cycle, as a rule, normalizes. If this does not happen, you need to undergo a medical examination.

Menstruation can also disappear at the age of 40-60 years. This is due to the gradual decline of ovarian function, that is, reproductive function. Ovulations appear much less frequently, as do menstruation. If you are a little over 40 years old and there are disruptions in your monthly cycle that have not previously been noted, make an appointment with a gynecologist. The cycle can be normalized using hormonal drugs which are prescribed by the doctor.

Ovarian dysfunction

The reason why there is no menstruation is often also ovarian dysfunction. Diseases of an endocrine nature and the thyroid gland can provoke disruption of ovarian activity. A decrease in the level of thyroxine (thyroid hormone, which affects the performance of the ovaries) in the body often leads to inhibition of ovulation and disruptions in the monthly cycle. Therefore, if the delay is more than 7 days, you must definitely visit a doctor.

Other reasons why there is no period

Disturbances in the cycle can also be caused by heavy physical work, frequent stressful situations, overwork, chronic diseases, bad habits(drugs, alcohol, smoking). All these factors negatively affect the female body, lower immunity and can cause disruptions in the menstrual cycle. To strengthen your body, you should avoid excessive stress, lead a healthy lifestyle, eat right, and relax in nature.

Excessive physical exercise weaken a woman’s body and can also cause disruptions in the cycle, which can manifest not only as a delay, but also as increased bleeding during menstruation. This is why you can’t be very active in sports during your period.

Climate change is also a common reason for missing periods. The body may not immediately get used to new conditions, and therefore minor changes in hormonal levels may occur. Over time, the body's functioning will be restored.

It should be noted that the reasons for the absence of menstruation can also be:

1. overweight and thinness;
2. reception contraceptive drugs and some medications;
3. absence of genitals;
4. intrauterine adhesions and scars;
5. structural pathologies of the vagina.

Remember, if various menstrual irregularities occur, you should not delay visiting a doctor, since factors causing a delay in menstruation can lead to serious consequences.

Diagnostics

If your period is late and the test shows that you are not pregnant, you should undergo a medical examination. After all, the absence of menstruation signals various malfunctions in the body. At a minimum, there will be problems with conception, and at a maximum, an unstable menstrual cycle may be one of the signs of serious diseases - endocrine, for example.

The doctor must make sure that the patient is not pregnant (neither ectopic nor uterine). To do this, he can write out a referral for a blood test for hCG. Also, the gynecologist may recommend that a woman measure her basal temperature for at least three months and build special charts that can be used to judge whether ovulation is occurring and how the monthly cycle proceeds. Ultrasound of the genital organs and blood tests for hormones are also used for diagnosis. If tests show an increased level of prolactin in the blood, your doctor may prescribe you a referral for an MRI to rule out the presence of a benign pituitary tumor. In addition, depending on the identified reasons for the disruption of the monthly cycle, the woman may be prescribed consultations with a nutritionist, immunologist and endocrinologist.

Quitting bad habits, eating a balanced diet, good rest and sleep, timely seeking medical help, and the correct approach to diagnosis and treatment will help normalize the monthly cycle. If the reason why you don’t have periods is pregnancy, then that’s great. The birth of a child is the happiest event in the life of any woman.

Why menstruation does not start is a question that worries many women who have at least once encountered a similar problem. Deviations from the cycle of 5-7 days are considered normal, but if the delay lasts longer, you need to think about the reasons for such a complication.

Delayed menstrual cycle due to pregnancy

The most common reason why periods do not come exactly on time is pregnancy. If the menstrual cycle does not start on time, and then more than 8 days have passed, nausea and pain in the abdominal area begin to appear, it is necessary to do a pregnancy test. Positive result will happen if two stripes form on the piece of paper. There are situations when the test answer is negative, but menstruation never appears. In this case, you can also count on pregnancy, but this means that the woman took the test too early.

Some women are interested in the question of why there is no menstrual cycle for a year or even more after childbirth. Experts say that the reason for this is increased level the level of prolactin in the blood, which is responsible for the production of breast milk. If mothers for one reason or another do not breastfeed their babies, then menstruation will return approximately 6-7 weeks after the birth of the child. Breastfeeding women should not worry, since menstruation may not begin for them for 2-3 years, during the entire feeding period. It also happens that the cycle of nursing mothers returns to normal within 3-6 months after birth.

Non-medical reasons

If a woman is sure that she is not pregnant, then she should look for other reasons for the delay in her cycle. First you need to pay attention to non-medical sources of the problem. For example, very often periods do not come on time due to difficult stressful situations. Experienced emotional stress- a very real prerequisite for “jumps” in the cycle. This item includes troubles at work or in your personal life, constant lack of sleep. If a woman understands that this is the reason, then there is no point in panicking, since the body will be able to restore the cycle on its own as soon as it recovers from stress. Sometimes doctors advise taking light sedative pills or teas to normalize the condition.

Very often the menstrual cycle gets out of rhythm due to a radical change climatic conditions. Gynecologists do not advise going to hot countries on vacation winter time, as this may have a bad effect on the body. Experienced acclimatization sometimes leads not only to a delay in menstruation, but also to their premature onset. Menstruation may not occur, even if there was no sudden climate change, but just a very sharp cold or warming. If the body overheats or gets too cold, this can also cause a delay in the next cycle.

Another option for menstruation to start at the wrong time is weight loss or, conversely, gaining extra pounds. It is necessary to monitor your diet and not go on too strict diets to avoid menstrual fluctuations. Very often, girls and women who engage in heavy work suffer from problems with menstruation. physical work. This could be constant work in the garden, regular lifting of heavy things, and even intense sports training. Therefore, for women who love sports, it is best to combine sports activities and not burden the body with constant, overwhelming workouts.

Violation of the daily routine can also affect menstruation. For example, if a woman starts working night shifts or getting up too early in the morning, this can affect her cycle. Poor nutrition and lack of vitamins also have a detrimental effect on menstruation, so you need to eat a balanced diet. In addition, abuse of alcoholic beverages, tobacco and narcotic substances can provoke interruptions in menstruation.

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Possible causes for concern

Gynecologists say that there are a number of medical reasons why menstruation does not come on time. For example, this can happen due to taking certain medicines. There is a whole group of drugs, the use of which causes by-effect in the form of cycle disruption. This group includes medications for ulcers, antidepressants and anti-tuberculosis drugs. Therefore, if a woman takes any medications for a long period, she should definitely tell her doctor about it.

In 10% of cases, disturbances in the menstrual cycle also occur due to emergency contraception. For example, Postinor is considered such a remedy, and although this is better than an abortion, you should not get carried away with such drugs, as this can have a detrimental effect on women's health.

Illness is considered a serious cause of menstrual irregularities. internal organs. If a woman suffers from some chronic disease, then she may experience interruptions in her cycle. Most often, menstruation is delayed due to endometriosis, endometritis, salpingoophoritis, ovarian dysfunction, damage to the appendages and uterus. Diseases of the thyroid gland can also serve as the basis for an irregular cycle.

Abortion, as well as miscarriage, can also provoke disruptions in menstruation, since this leads to significant hormonal disturbances in the body. In such a situation, menstruation will return to normal only after a few months. The regularity of the “red days of the calendar” can also change in case of tumor diseases - fibroids, cysts and cancer.

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Menstruation can also disappear during perimenopause; this is the time when a woman enters non-reproductive age from reproductive age. This period is characterized by constant disruptions of menstruation. Menopause marks the transition to non-reproductive age, and then there are no periods at all.

Whatever the reasons for the delay in the menstrual cycle, you need to go to the gynecologist to make sure there is no serious problems or start treatment in time when a disease is detected..