Hormonal contraceptive drugs. An overview of hormonal contraceptives (OCs). Combined contraceptives: side effects

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Oral contraceptives (OCs or birth control pills) are available by prescription and contain combinations of estrogen and progestin, or progestin alone.

Most women use combination hormone pills. Women who experience severe headaches or high blood pressure due to estrogen combination pills can take a progestin pill.

Birth control pills are the most popular method of contraception, used by millions of women.
Birth control pills work like this:

Prevent ovulation. Ovulation is the release of an egg from the ovary. If the egg does not come out, fertilization by the sperm cannot occur;
- prevents the penetration of sperm into the uterus, keeping the cervical mucus thick and sticky.

When a woman stops taking the pill, she usually regains fertility within 3-6 months.

Hormones used in birth control pills

Most pills contain a combination of estrogen and progesterone in a synthetic form (progestin). The estrogen compound used in most oral contraceptive (OC) combinations is estradiol. There are many different progestins, but common types include: levonorgestrol, drospirenone, norgestrol, norethindrone, and desogestrel.

These hormones can cause side effects, especially during the first 2-3 months after you start using them. Common side effects of oral contraceptives include:

Bleeding during the first few months;
- nausea and vomiting;
- headaches (in women with a history of migraine);
- soreness and compaction of the chest;
- irregular bleeding or bleeding between periods;
- weight gain (this is not related to oral contraceptives).

Low-dose monophasic oral (oral) contraceptives

Combined oral contraceptives aim to block ovulation. These OCs contain a combination of estradiol and a progestin called levonorgestrel. They are divided into monophasic (the level of hormonal substances in the tablets remains unchanged throughout the intake) or triphasic (the tablets contain three combinations of hormones that change during the menstrual cycle).

Low-dose monophasic OK are such as: Sizonal, Sizonic, Librel, Yarina.

Mini-pills are birth control pills that contain the hormone progestogen, which is similar to the natural hormone progesterone that a woman's ovaries produce. Progestogen-only pills contain only one ingredient and are different from the more common combined birth control pills, which contain progestogen and estrogen.

Below is a list of contraceptives, taking into account age, whether a woman has given birth or not yet, whether she suffers from any hormonal or other body disorders.

Microdosed birth control pills.They are suitable for young, nulliparous women who have a regular sex life. The drugs in this group are easily tolerated and have minimal side effects. Great for those who have never used hormonal contraceptives. As well as contraception for mature women over 35 years old (up to the onset of menopause).

Low dose birth control pills. Recommended for young, nulliparous women who have a regular sex life (in the event that microdosed drugs did not fit - the presence of bloody discharge on the days of taking active pills after the end of the period of adaptation to the drug). As well as contraception for women who have given birth, or women in late reproductive age.

High-dose oral contraceptives. These drugs are used only on prescription for the treatment of various hormonal diseases, as well as for contraception during the treatment of hormonal disorders.

- "Mini-drank" or progestin contraceptives. Recommended for women during breastfeeding, as well as for women who have given birth or women in late reproductive age who have a regular sex life, in case of contraindications to the use of estrogens.

Advantages and disadvantages of birth control pills

Benefits of oral contraceptives. In addition to preventing pregnancy, oral contraceptives may also have the following benefits:

Management of heavy menstrual bleeding and cramps, which are often symptoms of uterine fibroids and endometriosis (Natasia);
- prevention of iron deficiency anemia caused by severe bleeding;
- reduction of pelvic pain caused by endometriosis;
- protection against ovarian and endometrial cancer with long-term use (more than 3 years);
- Reducing the symptoms of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Disadvantages and serious risks of oral contraceptives

Combining birth control pills can increase your risk of developing or worsening certain serious conditions. The risks depend in part on the woman's medical history. Some of the main risks associated with the birth control pill combination are deep vein thrombosis, heart attack, and stroke.

Have been smoking for over 35 years;
- have uncontrolled high blood pressure, diabetes, or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS);
- have a history of heart disease, stroke, thrombosis, or risk factors for heart disease (unhealthy cholesterol levels, obesity);
- have migraines with aura.

Serious risks of birth control pills may include:

- venous thromboembolism (VTE)

All combinations of estrogen and progestin - contraceptive products - lead to the risk of blood clots in the veins (venous thromboembolism), which can lead to blood clots in the arteries of the legs (deep vein thrombosis) or lungs (pulmonary embolism). Birth control pills containing drospirenone (Yazev and Beyaz) can increase the risk of blood clots much more than other types of birth control. Because of the risk of VTE, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that women not use combined hormonal contraceptives for 21 to 42 days postpartum;

- Hormones and pregnancy.

Hormonal disruptions often lead to complications, the first of which is cycle failure. In connection with this phenomenon, women who want to have children may experience difficulties in conceiving and more severe complications already during pregnancy. Planning for pregnancy with an unstable ovulatory phase and imbalance of hormones should be carefully monitored, it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle, eat right and monitor the level of sex hormones. The Time Factor complex helps to maintain the natural ratio of progesterone and estrogen in the body. Biologically active substances in the composition of the complex will help not only alleviate the symptoms premenstrual syndrome, but also to normalize the cycle, and, accordingly, make it possible to designate the days suitable for conception.

Birth control pill combinations contain estrogen, which can increase the risk of stroke, heart attack, and thrombosis in some women;

Several studies have found an association between an increased risk of cervical cancer and long-term (more than 5 years) use of oral contraception. Recent studies show that OC slightly increases the risk of breast cancer;

In rare cases, oral contraceptives have been associated with tumors of the liver, gallstones, or hepatitis (jaundice) in studies. Women with a history of any liver disease should consider other methods of contraception;

Some types of medicines can interact with each other, reducing the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. These drugs include anticonvulsants, antibiotics, antifungals, and antiretrovirals. The herbal remedy St. John's wort may interfere with the effectiveness of birth control pills. The patient should ensure that their physician knows all medications, vitamins, or herbal supplements he/she is taking;

Birth control pills do not protect against any sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV. Unless a woman is in a monogamous relationship with an absolutely uninfected partner, she must be sure that a condom is used during intercourse - regardless of whether she is taking oral contraceptives.

Genetic disorders while taking oral contraceptives

By "genetic disorders" is meant any physical or mental pathology that can be inherited from parents. There are congenital diseases. Some genetic disorders do not appear at birth, but develop as a person grows, when signs and symptoms appear. Pathology may remain unrecognized until a person reaches puberty or until adulthood.

A comprehensive genetic analysis of the genes of blood coagulation factors II and V to identify the risk of thromboembolic complications while taking hormonal oral contraceptives (OC) will make it possible to take the right decision healthier methods of contraception and family planning.

The most serious complication when taking hormonal OCs is their effect on the hemostasis system. The estrogen component of combined OCs activates the blood coagulation system, which increases the likelihood of thrombosis, primarily coronary and cerebral, then thromboembolism.

In women using combined OCs, the risk of venous thromboembolic complications is low, but it is higher than in those who do not use these OCs. The risk level increases with age, overweight, surgery and thrombophilia.

In most cases, genetic risk factors for the development of thromboembolic complications are mutations in the genes of blood coagulation factors II and V. The likelihood of developing thrombosis associated with a genetic predisposition is seriously increased when combined with other genetic defects.

Mutation of factor V and the use of hormonal contraceptives mutually affect the blood coagulation system, and this, when combined, significantly increases the risk of venous thrombosis. This risk while taking OCs in women who carry the Leiden mutation is 6-9 times higher than in women with normal factor V, and more than 30 times higher than in those who do not take OCs.

With a mutation in the prothrombin (F2) gene, its level increases and can be 1.5-2 times higher than normal, which leads to increased blood clotting. A pathologically altered genotype is an indicator of the risk of developing thrombosis and myocardial infarction. With a combination of mutations in the F2 and F5 genes, the risk of developing thromboembolic complications while taking hormonal contraceptives increases significantly. In this regard, a number of experts consider testing for the presence of a Leiden mutation and a mutation of the prothrombin gene necessary for all women who take hormonal contraceptives (or those who are going to take them).

Means for the prevention of pregnancy can rightly be attributed to the oldest. After all, they were used in ancient times. For example, women of the indigenous population of America for this purpose used douching with a remedy made from lemon and a decoction of mahogany bark. IN Ancient Egypt tampons soaked in honey and decoction of acacia were used. Even condoms are not a modern method of protection against unexpected pregnancy.

Of course, the effectiveness of all these tools was extremely low, and there was no need to talk about ease of use at all. Everything changed around the second half of the 20th century, when doctors first started talking about combined oral contraceptives (COCs). The first drug created for the purpose of protection was Enovid, which appeared on the pharmacy market in 1960. It was with him that the development of hormonal contraception began.

What is hormonal contraception?

The mechanism of action of contraceptive pills is based on the ability of substances that are synthetic analogues of sex hormones produced by the female body to influence the hormonal background. In this case, the brain receives a signal that there are enough hormones in the blood and the command to the ovaries to produce their own does not pass.

The hormones that enter the body, depending on the type, trigger several mechanisms at once. All of them lead to the fact that pregnancy, even with the occurrence of ovulation and fertilization of the egg, does not occur.

Estrogens help:

• The next egg does not mature in the ovaries and ovulation does not occur.
• In the uterus, there is a violation of secretory processes, due to which there is a development of edema of the mucous membrane - the endometrium, which, in turn, makes implantation of a fertilized egg impossible.
• A process called luteolysis is launched - that is, the reverse development of the corpus luteum, which normally forms after ovulation and serves to synthesize the hormone progesterone, which prepares the body for a possible pregnancy.

• Stimulate the compaction of cervical mucus, which clogs the cervix and makes it impermeable to sperm.
• They inhibit the activity of enzymes that help the sperm enter the egg.
• They reduce the contractile activity of the fallopian tubes and the uterus itself and prevent the egg from moving along them.
• They thin the endometrium, making it unsuitable for egg implantation.
• Block the release of hormones that are responsible for ovulation in the middle of the cycle.

Regardless of the type of components and composition, all hormonal contraceptives have almost the same mechanism of action.

Application features

Any hormonal pills should be taken strictly according to the scheme, preferably at the same time of the day. You can't miss another appointment. Depending on the composition and type of the drug, in case of omission, the contraceptive effect will last on average only up to 12 hours. After the expiration of this time, the effectiveness of the drug decreases.

The start of taking most COCs coincides with the first day of the cycle. At the same time, you can choose the most convenient time for you. Most women prefer to take birth control pills in the evening, before bed. In this case, negative effects such as nausea, headache or mood changes are not so pronounced.

All hormonal birth control pills are prescription drugs and are used only on prescription. Before you start drinking the drug, carefully read the instructions and rules for taking.

Advantages

Of course, the main advantage of COC contraception using both monophasic and multiphasic drugs is the simplicity of the method itself. Agree, taking a pill is much easier than, for example, using a vaginal ring. And with such means as injectable contraception or intrauterine devices, which can not be used without a doctor, there is no comparison at all.

However, this is far from the only plus, the undoubted advantages of hormonal contraception are:

• High efficiency, even for three-phase preparations, the reliability index does not exceed 0.6%. In other words, out of one thousand women using this method of protection for one year, pregnancy occurred in only one case.
• Safety. Despite the fact that all birth control pills interfere with the hormonal background, their effect is much more harmless than the consequences that abortion is dangerous for.
• Normalization of the menstrual cycle, which becomes regular while taking the pills, and the menstruation itself is not so painful, long and plentiful.
• Due to the improvement of the barrier properties of cervical mucus, the incidence of inflammatory diseases or exacerbation of chronic pathologies is almost halved.
• The use of hormonal contraceptives during the year reduces the risk of endometrial cancer by 50%, ovarian cancer by 30%, and the risk of developing mastopathy is reduced by 70%.

Flaws

Despite the many positive aspects, hormonal contraceptive pills also have disadvantages. The main one, of course, is the side effects that sometimes make the reception medicinal product simply impossible. In addition, birth control pills:

• They do not protect against sexually transmitted infections, including such dangerous ones as HIV or cytomegalovirus.
• They affect the blood coagulation system and can increase the risk of blood clots and the development of thromboembolism.
• They can aggravate the course of chronic liver and gallbladder diseases or provoke the occurrence of cardiovascular pathologies, disorders in the circulatory system, as well as severe headaches and migraines.

Types of COCs

The whole variety of birth control pills can be divided into two main groups. The first includes drugs containing only gestagens, their other name is mini-pills. The second group is combined contraceptives, which contain several hormones.

Usually these are synthetic analogues of estrogens and progesterone. It is this group that is most popular and is prescribed by doctors most often. Combined drugs are also divided into three types.

Monophasic

They are the first generation of drugs intended for hormonal contraception. They contain two hormones: estrogen and progesterone, which are contained in each tablet in the same amount. The most famous of this group are Janine, Yarina or Diane-35.

Despite the fact that this generation of drugs is not new and has been around for a long time, in terms of their effectiveness they are practically in no way inferior to multi-phase drugs.

The advantage of monophasic contraceptives can be considered ease of use and the possibility of doubling the dose in case you forget to take another pill. But with multi-phase agents, this is not always possible, and their use requires more caution and attention.

In addition, monophasic drugs can help treat endometriosis, normalize the menstrual cycle, reduce its duration and pain. Also, in monophasic drugs, cases of intermenstrual bleeding are less common than in other groups.

Monophasic contraceptives are by far the most studied and frequently prescribed group of drugs by doctors.

Two-phase

The second generation of hormonal contraceptives is different in that each tablet contains a constant dose of estrogen, and the concentration of the second component, gestagen, varies depending on the day of the cycle. Of the drugs in this group, for example, Anteovin is currently used.

Two-phase contraceptives are prescribed mainly only for women with abnormal sensitivity to progestogens. Another indication for such drugs is hyperandrogenism. This is a pathology in which a large amount of male sex hormones begins to be produced in the body of a woman.

Three-phase

This group of drugs differs in that the tablets intended for different days of the cycle contain their own, specific dose of hormones. Such a change in the concentration of estrogens and gestagens is as close as possible to those hormonal fluctuations that occur in a woman's body. Due to this, three-phase contraceptives are considered the most physiological.

Typically, this group of drugs is prescribed to women over 35 or under 18, as well as smokers or obese. Such drugs include, for example, Tri-regol, Triziston or Tri-merci.

The main positive quality of this group of drugs is to reduce the risk of side effects from progestins. The main disadvantage is higher, compared with monophasic drugs, the incidence of bleeding between periods. A more complex regimen and not always possible to double the dose in case of missing the next pill.

Studies have shown that triphasic contraceptives are inferior to monophasic contraceptives in terms of reliability of protection against unplanned pregnancy.

The Pearl index for monophasic preparations is 0.15–0.18, while for three-phase preparations, depending on the characteristics of the composition, the values ​​can range from 0.19 to 0.68.

Criterias of choice

If before this experience of taking hormonal contraceptives a woman did not have, then usually the doctor prefers monophasic preparations containing minimal doses of hormones. But only after receiving the results of all necessary tests. Such as: smear for cytology, hormone analysis, general and biochemical blood tests, ultrasound of the pelvic organs. In some cases, an additional consultation with a mammologist may be necessary. In addition, the doctor must take into account the peculiarities of the menstrual cycle and the phenotype of the woman.

It is simply impossible to choose the right drug without consulting specialists and a series of tests. You should not buy hormonal contraceptives on your own, this can harm your health.

To date, combined oral contraceptives are considered one of the most reliable methods of protection against pregnancy. However, from a woman they require a careful attitude to their condition and strict adherence to the regimen.

Currently, oral contraceptives, the list of which is quite large, are used by women very widely. But when using hormonal contraceptive pills for women, one should be clearly aware of both the positive and negative aspects of using these drugs.

Given that the list of hormonal drugs currently offered is very large, women need to understand what classification of these drugs is used, what contraindications and side effects they have in order to take into account all the risks associated with their use. It is also necessary to take into account the positive aspects that such contraception provides for women.

Thus, every woman should be clearly aware that when interfering with the natural processes occurring in the body, there are consequences that are manifested differently for everyone.

Therefore, any contraceptives for girls and women should be selected by a gynecologist who can adequately assess all contraindications and side effects. hormonal drugs . It is up to the doctor to explain in detail what is oral contraceptives how to take modern oral contraceptives, as well as explain all their pros and cons.

On the Internet you can also find a lot of information, as well as photos and videos on this topic.

Groups of contraceptives, their action

Modern pharmacology offers a very extensive range of new generation contraception. It is the list of new generation hormonal contraceptives that is the most in demand and popular. But even with the ease of obtaining the necessary information in the modern world, not everyone knows how to choose the right drugs for protection, what side effects can be, how long the reception can last.

Wikipedia shows that hormonal pills for protection are divided into two large groups:

• (abbreviated COC);

COCs contain (those who are interested, ethinylestradiol - what it is, you should know that this substance is a synthetic analogue), as well as progestogen (gestodene, norgestrel, norethisterone, desogestrel, etc.). Depending on which hormones the drugs contain, three-phase, two-phase and monophasic contraceptives are distinguished.

Content

Any modern girl must take care of her health. Therefore, contraception plays an important role in the prevention of unplanned pregnancy. Today, medicine offers a huge range of various means, and a woman has the right to decide for herself which birth control pills to choose for her body.

Contraceptive pills after 40 years

Many women who have reached the age of forty are interested in the question, contraceptive pills - which ones are better to choose for protection and is it possible to choose such funds on your own? Only a qualified specialist will help determine the choice of drugs, who, having assessed the state of health, will be able to offer contraceptives for women after 40 years.

To prevent pregnancy, it is better to give preference to drugs that do not contain estrogen. This type of birth control is called a mini-pill. Their advantage is the ability to prevent the development of endometrial hyperplasia in its infancy. Other non-hormonal contraceptives in the form of ointments and suppositories are prescribed for women whose sex life is not permanent. The main difference between these drugs and the previous type is that they should not be taken daily, but only before sexual intercourse.

Oral contraceptives after 40 years

The modern pharmaceutical market is represented by a huge number of contraceptives. As a rule, after 40 years, gynecologists try to prescribe oral contraceptives, because. they 100% prevent pregnancy. In this case, the reception should be dosed, any deviations can cause unpleasant consequences. List of the best oral contraceptives after 40 years:

• Depo Provera- The drug is sold as an injection.
• Jess- reduces puffiness.
• Marvelon- Prevents pregnancy and improves the condition of the skin.
• Regulon- an effective contraceptive that normalizes the menstruation cycle.
• Silest- inhibits the activity of the egg.

Hormonal contraceptives after 40 years

After forty years, hormonal drugs are a real salvation for the fairer sex. As a rule, women who have reached adulthood complain of deterioration in health and failures of various functions in the body. This is due to the onset of menopause. The following hormonal contraceptives after 40 years can come to the rescue:

• Trisequence. Contains estrogen and progesterone, eliminates the painful symptoms of menopause.
• Femoston. Includes Estradiol, it is advised to use the drug to increase bone tone.
• Janine. Changes the state of the uterine mucosa, affects the appearance of ovulation.
• Novinet. Normalizes the menstrual cycle, reduces blood loss.
• Silest. Suppresses ovulation.

Contraceptive pills after 40 years with myoma

In adulthood, many women experience diseases of the genital organs. The most common disease is uterine fibroids. The main danger of the disease is the formation of nodes that can burst and cause bleeding. Therefore, it is important to choose the right contraceptive. Experts advise giving preference to such contraceptive pills after 40 years with myoma:

• Diana 35. It has an estrogenic, antiandrogenic, contraceptive effect.
• Regulon. Reduces blood loss during menstruation.
• Yarina. Blocks ovulation and increases the viscosity of mucus in the uterus.
• Regividon. Oppressive effect on the production of gonadotropic hormones.

Contraceptives for women under 30

Many young women, when choosing contraceptives, are interested in the question, which birth control pills do not get better? Doctors advise, in the absence of contraindications, to take medium and low-dose hormonal contraceptives, which are convenient to use. Barrier and chemical protection methods (condoms, suppositories) at this age should not be used because of the high probability of pregnancy, but birth control pills up to 30 years old can help:

• Charosetta, contains desogestrel. The drug is suitable for breastfeeding.
• Femulen. Increases antisperm aggressiveness.
• Yarina. Changes the properties of the secret (mucus) that is in the cervix.
• Logest. Inhibits the maturation of follicles.

Microdosed birth control pills

For nulliparous young women who are sexually regular, microdosed birth control pills are best suited. Preparations of this group do not have side effects and are easily tolerated by the body. Great for those who have never used hormonal contraceptives. List of the most popular microdosed tablets:

• claira. As close as possible to the hormonal natural background of a woman.
• Jess Plus. It has a cosmetic (antiandrogenic) effect.
• Zoely. Monophasic drug that contains hormones similar to natural ones.
• Lindinet-20. Reduces the occurrence of ectopic pregnancies.
• Dimia. Replaces the endometrium and increases the viscosity of the secret that is in the cervix.

The best birth control pills for giving birth - rating

For women who have already experienced the happiness of motherhood, low-dose preparations are best suited, which, although they contain estrogenic components, are safe to use. From micro and high-dose drugs in mature women, unplanned bleeding may occur during menstruation. List of the best birth control pills for giving birth:

• Silhouette. Inhibits ovulation, eliminates acne.
• Midian. The action of the contraceptive is aimed at reducing the likelihood of ovulation.
• minisiston. It treats dysmenorrhea, eliminates the functional disorder of the menstrual cycle.
• Silest. Changes the implantation ability of the endometrium.
• Marvelon. Prevents the maturation of the egg.

The best birth control pills without side effects

Many girls refuse to use birth control pills because of the hormone content. But modern pharmaceutical companies have created the latest drugs, in which the content of synthetic hormones is minimized. This helps to reliably protect women from pregnancy and does not harm the body. At the same time, a decrease in the dose of hormones does not reduce the effectiveness of the drug. The list of the best birth control pills without side effects:

• Yarina. Prevents the appearance of edema and weight gain, treats acne.
• Janine. Reduces the intensity of bleeding.
• Regulon. Resolves ovarian cysts, treats dysfunction of uterine bleeding.
• Logest. Prevents the development of many gynecological diseases.

Good non-hormonal birth control pills

Non-hormonal drugs are not taken orally, but are inserted into the vagina. The mechanism of action of such contraceptives lies in the high content of active substances: nonoxynol or benzalkonium chloride. These compounds, damaging the membrane of spermatozoa, destroy them, which leads to the destruction of tadpoles. List of good non-hormonal birth control pills:

• Pharmatex. The activity of the drug lasts for three hours.
• Erotex. In addition to the contraceptive effect, it also has an antimicrobial effect.
• Gynecotex. The contraceptive effect lasts 4 hours.
• Benatex. The activity of the tablet is maintained for 3 hours.
• Patentex Oval. It has a high contraceptive activity.

Hormonal birth control

The essence of the hormonal contraceptive method is to suppress ovulation. For this, synthetic analogues of female sex hormones are used. Hormonal contraception is represented by two types: oral tablets and prolonged means. List of the most popular hormonal contraceptives:

• Regulon. The main advantage of using pills is that the remedy does not add weight to a woman.
• Lactinet. Does not affect the lipid spectrum of the blood.
• Tri-regol. Reduces the chance of sperm entering the uterus.
• Femodene. Reduces the susceptibility of the endometrium to fixation of the blastocyst.

Combined birth control pills

To avoid unwanted pregnancy, you can use a new generation of combined contraceptive pills, which include synthetic substances in small therapeutic doses. Depending on the qualitative composition, the following classification of combined products is distinguished:

1. Monophasic(Cilest, Belara, Logest, Demoulin, Chloe, Mercilon, Regulon, Ovidon, Non-Ovlon). They contain gestagen and estrogen in a single dosage, painted in the same color.
2. Two-phase(Anteovin). Consist of two tablets painted in different colors.
3. Three-phase(Tri-regol, Tri-merci, Triquilar, Triseston). They contain three groups of tablets, which are considered more adapted to the woman's natural cycle.

Cheap birth control pills - names

Inexpensive oral contraceptives contain only female hormones - gestagens and estrogens, expensive drugs additionally include antiandrogens - they have fewer side effects and a lower chance of getting fat. Moreover, the price of such funds is more than 1000 rubles for 28 tablets. Good cheap birth control pills are:

The price of birth control pills

You can buy contraceptives at a pharmacy. In addition, a suitable medicine can be found, ordered in online catalogs and bought in an online store. The cost of drugs, as a rule, depends on the number of tablets in the package, the manufacturer's company, the region where they are sold. Approximate prices for birth control pills:

How to choose birth control pills

To choose the right birth control pills with maximum effect and minimum side effects, you should seek medical advice. Self-selection can cause Negative consequences for the body. It is possible to determine the appropriate drug only after analysis. An approximate scheme for the selection of tablets will be as follows:

• consultation of a gynecologist (the specialist must know the height, weight, age of the patient; whether there were abortions / childbirth, the duration and abundance of menstruation);
• analysis for oncocytology;
• contacting a mammologist;
• cluster blood test for biochemistry, including determination of hormone levels;
• OMT ultrasound on the seventh day of the cycle.

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Contraceptive pills - reviews

Karina, 29 years old For a long time I wanted to find a contraceptive from which you can not get fat. A friend advised me to pay attention to Pharmatex. After consulting with a specialist, I bought this drug. This contraceptive medicine should not be drunk, it should be placed inside the vagina before sex. You can't recover from pills.

Olga, 35 years old My husband and I have been living for 10 years. Became protected only 5 years ago. During this time I tried different methods of contraception. She put a spiral, introduced a special ring. We used a condom, but there are only minuses from it. After consulting with the doctor, I bought inexpensive pills called Regulon. Both are happy with the result.

Elena, 30 years old Non-hormonal contraceptives have always fascinated me. But I had to pay attention to them during lactation. After studying the reviews on the Internet, after consulting with a doctor, I chose Patentex Oval. The medicine is convenient to use, it is designed for one dose, which protects the body from the load of various medicines.

Attention! The information provided in the article is for informational purposes only. The materials of the article do not call for self-treatment. Only a qualified doctor can make a diagnosis and give recommendations for treatment, based on the individual characteristics of a particular patient.