03.11.2019
Comparative clause examples. Complex sentences with comparative clauses. Adverb of manner
The types of adverbial clauses considered above correspond in meaning to the same-named categories of circumstances in a simple sentence. However, there are three types of adjectives (comparative, consequences And attach body),which do not correspond among the circumstances in a simple sentence. General feature complex sentences with these types of subordinate clauses - the impossibility, as a rule, to ask a question from the main clause to the subordinate clause.
In complex sentences with comparative clauses the content of the main clause is compared with the content of the subordinate clause. Comparative clauses refer to the entire main clause and join it with conjunctions like, exactly, like, boo as if, like as, as if, than ... as And etc. For example:
1) (As we swarm in the summer midge flies on the flame), [flocked flakes from the yard to the window frame] (K. Pasternak] (How), ["].
2) [Small leaves bright and friendly turn green], (as if Who their washed up and varnish on them brought) (I. Turgenev)- , (as if).
3) [We threesome started talking], (as if a century whether familiar) (A. Pushkin)- , (as if).
A special group among relative clauses make sentences with conjunction how and double union than... that. Double conjunction clauses than... the have comparative meaning, mutual conditioning of parts. Adverbs with the union how, in addition, they do not refer to everything that is important, but to the word in it, which is expressed by the form comparative degree adjective or adverb.
1) (How less woman we love), [the easier nra we curl her] (A. Pushkin)- (than), [those].
2) [As time went slower] (than clouds were creeping across the sky) (M. Gorky) - [compar. step. out], (than).
Comparative clauses can be incomplete: they omit the predicate if it coincides with the predicate of the main clause. For example:
[Existence his concluded into this cramped program], (as egg in shell) (A. Chekhov) - , (How).
The fact that this is precisely an incomplete two-part sentence is evidenced by a minor member of the predicate group - into the shell.
Incomplete comparative clauses should not be confused with comparative turns in which there cannot be a predicate.
Comparative clauses explain main part sentences by comparison, based on some associations.
Comparative relations are expressed by conjunctions like, just like, as if, as if, as if, exactly, as if, etc.: The portholes of the ships were lit from the inside, as if Christmas trees were burning in all the cabins (K. Paustovsky); Something suddenly expanded with extraordinary force in Romashov's chest, as if he was about to fly (A. Kuprin); He sat as a thirty-year-old coquette of Balzakov sits on her downy chairs after a tiring ball (M. Lermontov). Comparative clauses most often refer to the entire main part of the sentence, therefore, they can have a different arrangement in relation to it, but are usually found after it.
A defining value can be added to the comparison value (an indicator is demonstrative pronoun such) or the meaning of measure and degree (the indicator is a demonstrative word like this): And with a quiet slow ringing, like the warm bits of tired horses ring, the steps of the departing ones (V. Shukshin) give off - comparative comparative:,
(How...); This blind man is not as blind (how?) as it seems (M. Lermontov) - an adnexal measure and degree:, (how ...); He will think over and judge (what?), How should he continue to live and what to do (V. Astafiev) - subordinate explanatory:, (how ...); He had already brought his knife into such a position (what?), as if he wanted to cut the sole (N. Gogol) - attributive clause:, (as if ...).
The subordinate parts with the union how, like how and what convey the meaning of correspondence, equality of compared objects or phenomena: Gaul and most of Germany were divided by lot, just as it was for half a century when the Khlodovanov heritage was divided between his children (A. Herzen); Well, the vanka remained, as the people remained, and the soul of the vanka-vstanka lives in every Russian (E. Yevtushenko); Boris will still wince a little, like a drunkard before a glass of wine (A. Pushkin).
Adverbs with conjunctions as if, exactly, as if, as if, as if they contain a comparison that is not presented as something real, but only as possible (or imaginary): The sea is all in living white spots, as if countless flocks of birds descended on its blue plain (M. Gorky); Words flowed, as if they were born not by the memory of a slave, but by the heart ... (A. Pushkin); She was excited, as if she had just received the most joyful news in her life (V. Soloukhin).
The union as if emphasizes that the comparison is presumed: The stick turned out to be black and shiny, as if it were made of ebony and at the same time carefully polished (V. Soloukhin).
From the comparative clauses of a complex sentence, one should distinguish the so-called comparative turnover, which does not form a predicative unit, since it does not contain a statement.
Comparative turnover usually includes:
- noun in nominative case, without explanatory words or with explanatory words - agreed or inconsistent definition: He was sensitive, like a beast (I. Bunin); Each branch hung over the road like a bunch of golden grapes (K. Paustovsky);
- a noun in the form of an indirect case or a word of another part of speech, acting as a secondary member of the sentence (most often circumstances): in winter the blue distances seemed boundless, as in a picture (I. Bunin); I see, as now, the owner himself ... (A. Pushkin).
Turnovers with how can act as predicates: To the star, all his words are like smoke (A. Voznesensky); Hair is long, yellow; nostrils like two gun barrels (I. Bunin); Insincere words are like tangled hair (Proverb).
An intermediate position between the comparative clause and the comparative turnover is occupied by an incomplete comparative sentence, in which the composition of the subject and the composition of the predicate are presented without the predicate itself, restored from the main part of the sentence, or only the predicate with dependent words: Washing the car in the garden, I will go to the curb. And I will wash the feet of aspen, like a sinner's feet to Christ (A. Voznesensky); The boys born to midwives squeal in their hands, like telephone handsets in silent centuries (A. Voznesensky); The three of us began to talk, as if we had known each other for a century (A. Pushkin).
Continue the statement: - complex sentences are divided into ... - means of communication in complex sentence are ... - a complex sentence consists of ... - subordinate clauses answer questions of indirect cases ... - what question? - subordinate clauses ... - questions where? Where? where? - subordinate clauses ... - to questions when? how long? at what time? - accessory ...
Getting ready for GIA A3. Indicate the sentence in which the means of expression is comparison. 1. The sailors, without taking their eyes off, watched the anchor chain creeping up. 2. From afar, the noise of wet trees was heard, as if water in the locks were rustling in the distance. 3. And out of the deep, shining blue, giant metal paws crawled out. 4. And although the same young brave face was looking at him from the mirror, the captain felt that in his soul he had become several years older.
Getting ready for GIA A3. Indicate the sentence in which the means of expression is comparison. 1. The old woman straightened up, and her deeply sunken black eyes flashed young and evil. 2. "Genius and villainy are incompatible!" Mishka blurted out without batting an eyelid. 3. From somewhere it smelled of musty dampness, as if in a cellar. 4. Lopakhin almost suffocated from the indignation that gripped him.
NGN with comparative clauses - the clause explains the main clause A simple sentence with a comparative turnover - objects, actions, signs are compared - there is a grammatical basis in the clause - the clause is separated by a comma - the comparative turnover is a circumstance - the comparative turnover is isolated
CONCLUSION 1) Plyushkin even thought about how he could thank the guest for such generosity. 2) The wind shakes hard leaves, as if thousands of metal strings are stretched in dense foliage. 3) Wide shadows walk across the plain, like clouds across the sky. 4) The golden foliage swirled in the pinkish water on the pond, like butterflies, a light flock flies with fading to the star.
UNION SENTENCES LIKE I watched my mother smile. His eyes sparkled like a light bulb in a garland. The old birch trees on the sides of the highway were vaguely white, as if their trunks were sprinkled with snow. He struggled with this task like a fish on ice. He came as a guest. Ice is like glass.
SUMMING UP - What types of NGN did you get acquainted with today? What questions do comparative clauses answer? - With what help do they join the main part? - How to distinguish between NGN with comparative clauses and sentences with comparative clauses?
Topic: Complex sentence with relative clauses.
Target: create conditions for the conscious assimilation of the idea of complex sentences with subordinate comparisons, resume information about the ways of expressing comparisons in Russian, develop the ability to recognize NGN with subordinate comparisons, construct complex sentences with subordinate comparisons, use tables, find what you need, build speech statements, produce generalization according to specified criteria, to formulate one's own opinion; contribute to the education of diligence, attentiveness, perseverance in achieving the result of work.
Goal for students:
Know: signs of complex sentences with relative clauses
To be able to: recognize complex sentences with subordinate comparisons, put punctuation marks in them, construct such sentences.
Equipment: computer, projector, chalk, rag.
Lesson type: combined
During the classes:
Actualization of the studied: Today we continue the study of NGN. What is SPP? How is it different from SSP? What was the last type of subordinate clause you learned? Describe it according to the plan: 1) value; 2) questions; 3) means of communication; 4) example
(Complex sentences with subordinate clauses of the mode of action denote an image or mode of action. The subordinate part answers the questions how? How? As a means of communication, unions are used what, to, as if. off your feet.)
I will start the conversation on the topic of today's lesson with poetic lines well known to you.
under my window
covered with snow,
Like silver
What means of artistic expression did the poet Sergei Yesenin use in this passage from the poem? (Comparison). Comparison in general plays a big role in the life of people and in the life of language. Comparison makes our speech more figurative, richer, saturates it. And completely different concepts can be compared. What other means of artistic expression are used to express comparison?
I give examples, you define:
white flies (about snow - a metaphor), snow-white complexion (an epithet). That's right, a metaphor, an epithet. And if word artists most often use comparison, metaphor and epithets and other means of expression, then most often in our everyday speech we use comparative turnover with comparative conjunctionsas if, as if, as if . Remember what these comparative turns are, how punctuation marks are placed with them? (Comparative turnover is used to compare an object or attribute with another object or attribute. For example, pitch-black shadows lay on the grass. In writing, comparative turns are separated by commas).
There are a lot of ways to express comparison, in addition to comparative turnover. Let's remember them.
| Ways of Expressing Comparison |
| Adverb of manner |
| Combining a verb with a noun in the instrumental form |
| Combination of a noun and a form of the comparative degree of an adjective |
| Phrases like similar (to whom?), Similar (to what?), Seems (what?), Reminds (what?) |
| Comparative turnover |
Read the sentence below and match it with the given provisions in the table. Explain the punctuation
Our river, as if in a fairy tale, was paved with frost during the night.
Explanation of new material. We write out a proposal separately. We find the main and subordinate clauses, highlight the grammatical foundations.
In the yard, an acacia bent and fluttered, as if an angry wind ruffled its hair.
As you may have guessed, we have a CPP with a comparative clause. We write down, the topic of our today's lesson: "Comparative clauses." And now let's look at the text of the heading "Theoretical information" on page 184 and fill in the spreadsheet
| Meaning | Means of communication | ||
| Comparisons compliance, assimilation | Conjunctions: Like; exactly; like; as if; as if; as if | I suddenly felt good in my soul, as if my childhood had returned. |
As you yourself understand subordinate comparisons explain the content of the main sentence by comparison, some kind of likening. As a result, it is not so difficult to distinguish relative clauses from other types of clauses. But here, too, there is one difficulty. What question did we ask about relative clauses of comparison? That's right, "HOW?". To what other kind of subordinate clauses do we ask a similar question? (subordinate mode of action). Right. The subordinate comparisons are the same as the subordinate clauses of the mode of action, to the entire main clause.
Here are two complex sentences. What are the types of subordinate clauses?
The wind was blowing with all its might, as if someone was chasing it.
The wind was blowing as if someone was chasing it.
In the second sentence there is a demonstrative word so. This is an adjective of the mode of action
Consolidation of the studied material.
1) Selective explanatory dictation We read in order. We write adverbial comparisons. Let's explain our thoughts.
1. A small house stands like the last beacon on the edge of a snowy abyss.
2. The stars trembled in the dark blue depths of the sky, as dew drops tremble on the grass in the morning.
3. Through the window, I saw a large gray bird perched on a maple branch in the garden.
4. The bird rose as slowly and flew away as the snow fell slowly and serenely.
5. The sea is all in living white spots, as if countless flocks of birds have descended on its blue plain.
2) With comparative turns, make simple complicated sentences, use subordinate comparisons as part of a complex sentence
1st row: like diamonds
how diamonds burn in sunlight
2nd row: like smoke
how smoke disappears in the sky
3rd row: like a cloud
like a cloud rushing in the sky
Homework: a story about comparative clauses according to the theory on page 184 or according to the table compiled in the class. Write an essay-miniature on the topic “First snow” or “Hoarfrost” using relative comparatives
relative and comparative turns.
Reflection: What did you find difficult today? What is the most important thing for you in what you learned today? Were there moments of joy, satisfaction from your successful answers? Were there moments of dissatisfaction with yourself?
1. Comparative Clause Questions:
answer the questions: Like what? How?
But it is not always possible to ask exactly these questions to the comparative clause.
Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to their means of communication.
2. Means of communication:
subordinate comparative clauses are attached to the main clause with unions: as if, as, as if, just like, like, like, what, just like, anyway, what, than, than, than if, than and others.
Compound sentences with comparative conjunctions in the main clause can have demonstrative words with the meaning of measure and degree:
The river sharpened the stone in such a way (how?), as if it wanted to make a perfectly flat surface.
Such clauses combine the meaning of comparison with the meaning of mode of action and degree.
A special group among sentences with comparative clauses are such sentences in which subordinate clause is attached to the main unions than, than, and in the main sentence there is an adjective or adverb in a comparative degree, and:
Here's an example:
There are many more thoughts, poetic power of feelings, in my mind than you can imagine.
The young girl got more out of the house than she should have expected;
Rather than go to the bridge, let's look for a better ford.
The pronouns are also used another, another, the pronominal adverb differently, instead of the form of the comparative degree:
Of course, the Black Sea turned out to be completely different than we thought about it.
This group of complex sentences is distinguished not only by its special meaning, but also by its special structure.
A special place in the system of complex sentences is also occupied by sentences with a double union than ... by that.
It is difficult to distinguish between the subordinate and main clauses in them, since both parts cannot exist independently.
It is accepted that the first part with part of the union than is considered to be a subordinate clause, while the second part (with part of the union of topics) is considered the main clause:
The less we love a woman, the easier she likes us.
3. Place in the offer:
comparative clauses can come before the main clause, after the main clause, in the middle of the main clause.
Here's an example:
Serve me (how?) as you served him.
"How" acts as a union.
So ringing sounds(like what?), as if someone is hitting an iron dome with a hammer, grenades are exploding.
Here "as if" is a conjunction.
The closer the night shooting comes to an end, the more unceremoniously and grouchily the surveyor becomes.
(than), [those].
The subordinate clauses, which refer to the entire main clause, also include:
adjuncts of time, adventitious places, adventitious goals, adnexal causes, subordinate conditions, subordinate corollaries, subordinate concessions.
