Info Lesson Plan:

1. Lexical meaning of paronyms military - military - military

2. Examples of phrases with a paronym military

3. Examples of sentences with a paronym military

4. Examples of phrases with a paronym military

5. Examples of sentences with a paronym military

6. Examples of phrases with a paronym military

7. Examples of sentences with a paronym military

1. LEXICAL MEANING OF PARONYMS MILITARY - MILITARY - MILITARY

MILITARY - 1. adjective from noun war. Relating to military service, service to the army, military personnel. 2 . Such as the military, the army, characteristic of them. 3 . The same as a soldier.

MILITARY - adjective from noun warrior. Pertaining to military affairs, military service.

MILITARY- 1. Peculiar to the army, troops, characteristic of them. 2. Belonging to the army, troops.

2. EXAMPLES OF PHRASES WITH A PARONYM - MILITARY

1) military industry

2) military life

3)military team

4) military exercises

5) military service

6) military pension

7) military command

8) military commissariat

9) military prosecutor's office

10) military commandant's office

11) military property

12)military uniform

13) military uniform

14) military overcoat

15) military shoulder straps

16) military patches

17) military cap

18) military history

19) military era

20) war years

21) military time

22) military events

23) military merit

24) military exploits

25) military medical service

26) military doctor

27) military man

28) military personnel

29) military specialist

30) military brass band

31) military science

32) military

33) military secret

34) military secret

35) war crime

36) war criminal

37) military conflict

38) military professions

39) children of wartime

40) military threats

41) military equipment

42) warship

43) military aircraft

44) military pilot

45) military maneuver

46) military prose

47) military music

48) military lyrics

49) songs of war years

50) military folklore

51) military theme

52) military prose

53) war song

54) military march

55) war movie

56) military newsreel

57) military parade

58) military history

59) military losses

60) military action

61) military operations

62) military campaign

63) military roads

64) military aspects of international law

65) military settlements

66) military sphere

67) military reform

68) martial law

69) military democracy

70) military faces

71) war game

72) military pathfinders

73) Russian military school XVIII century

74) military educational institutions

75) military department

76) military school

77) military academy

78) military summary

79) military flotilla

80) military forces

81) military relics

82) military collection

83) military training

84) military leadership

85) military leader

86) military review

87) military observer

88) war correspondent

89) military program

90) military exhibition

91) military names

92) military camp

93) military base

94) military factory

95) military power

96) military superiority

97) military power

98) war plan

99) military equipment

100) military district

101) military garrison

102) military badge

103) military exercises

104) military translator

105) military clash

106) military leader

107) military childhood

109) military bearing

110) military training

111) military brotherhood

112) military antiques

113) military letters

114) military archive

115) military materials

116) military chronicle

117) military company

118) military situation

119) military hospital

120military council

121) military court

3. EXAMPLES OF OFFERS WITH A PARONYM - MILITARY

1)Military

2)Military

3)Military position - a situation established by the authorities under exceptional circumstances in a country, city, when the functions of maintaining order and state security are transferred to the army.

4)Military preparation is learning military affairs (combat and rifle training, hand-to-hand combat), military sports competitions, excursions to military units, summer field practice.

5) The war in Chechnya became the largest military collision in our country.

6) Songs about the war were born not only in military period.

7)Today songs military

8) Since the 15th century, participants in campaigns and battles have been awarded medals. The higher military

9) The Order of St. Alexander Nevsky was awarded for military or civic merit.

10) The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called was celebrated military

11) The most revered in Russia military the award was the Order of St. George, named after the brave warrior, who was considered the patron saint of the defenders of the Russa Land. Even Peter the Great decided to establish an award exclusively for military merit. Catherine II was able to implement this idea. On November 26, 1769, she established military Order of the Holy Great Martyr and Victorious George. This order was awarded to officers who showed courage on the battlefield, as well as for special distinctions that “brought benefit and glory Russian weapons". The order was considered the highest military reward. The motto of the order is "For Service and Courage".

12) M.I. Kutuzov began military service from the age of 15.

13) In 1854-1855 Nakhimov P.S. was the commander of the Sevastopol port and military governor.

14)military no one is trusted with the secret.

15) Why military

16)Military actions destroyed almost the entire housing stock of the city - about 42 thousand buildings.

17) Rokossovsky K.K. began military

18) Each of military

19) What military

20) What are the reasons military

21) Petr Grinev, main character story by A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter", on the eve of the battle with the Pugachevites he dreamed of a heroic military feat.

22)Military

23) Writer Vsevolod Vishnevsky noted in his diary military years: "The role of national Russian identity and pride is increasing."

24) The Mongols had a strong military

25) Victims of war - military

26) Russian soldiers were different military skill, valor and perseverance.

27) Vladimir Vysotsky repeatedly repeated that military

28) Musical art deeply and truthfully revealed the subject military years.

29) Sparta reminded military a camp where no one was allowed to live the way he wanted. Only one occupation was allowed - military case.

31) In the history of each Russian family There is military page.

32) Arsenal - warehouse military equipment.

33) Huge contribution to improvement military art and military Science was introduced by Peter the Great.

34)Military letters - imperishable archives military years.

35) the young man who passed military service, gains more than loses.

4. EXAMPLES OF TERMS WITH A PARONYM - MILITARY

1) military oath

2) military banner

3) military traditions

4) military rituals

5) military regulations

6) military address

7) military team

8) conscription

9) military awards

10) military ranks

11) military town

12)military unit

13) military formation

14) military units

15) military registration

16) military duty

17) military discipline

18) military system

19) military labor

20) military glory

21) martial art

22) military honor

23) military echelon

24) military discipline

25) conscription

26) military courage

27) military courage

28) military courage

29) martial arts

30) military mass grave

5. EXAMPLES OF OFFERS WITH A PARONYM - MILITARY

1)Military

military duty.

military glory of Russia.

4) Over the years, weapons have been improved and military craftsmanship of the Slavic peoples.

5) A lot military

6) Has understanding changed? military

7)Military

8) A.V. Suvorov went through everything military ranks.

9) The Order of Courage was awarded to many servicemen for the performance military debt.

10) The battle banner of the unit is a symbol military honor and glory.

11) What order was awarded in Russia exclusively for military bravery?

12) Pyotr Grinev, the main character of A.S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", arouses our sympathy with his honesty, loyalty military debt.

13) Smolensk is called a city military glory, shield city.

14) Combat traditions of the armed forces - the basis military morals.

15)Military the article of Peter I (1716) forbade robbery, called for sparing women and children.

16) Patriotism and loyalty military

17) Many monuments have been built in Bulgaria and Russia military glory.

18)Military

19) Basic and inviolable law military life is an oath.

6. EXAMPLES OF PHRASES WITH A PARONYM - MILITARY

1) military connection

2) military transport

3) military chieftain

4) military office

5) military circle (meeting of Cossack representatives of the region)

6) military foreman

7) military detachment

8) military intelligence

7. EXAMPLES OF OFFERS WITH A PARONYM - MILITARY

1) Who led the first military partisan group?

2) They are preparing to comprehend the secrets military intelligence.

6.TESTS

1)Military science is a system of knowledge about the laws of war, about preparing for it and about how to conduct it.

2)Military business - a circle of knowledge covering questions of military theory and practice as applied to wartime and peacetime.

3) The Order of St. Alexander Nevsky was awarded for military or civic merit.

4) What order was awarded in Russia exclusively for military bravery?

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONG. Find the error and fix it. Write the sentence number and the correct word.

1) Songs about the war were born not only in military period.

2) In the hour of trials, he honorably fulfilled his military duty.

3) Defenders of the Fatherland Day - day military glory of Russia.

4) Basic and inviolable law military life is an oath.

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONG. Find the error and fix it. Write the sentence number and the correct word.

1)Each of military songs - a true masterpiece, with its own life and history.

2) Combat traditions of the armed forces - the basis military morals.

3) What military operations ended the Great Patriotic War?

4) What are the reasons military failures of Russia in the campaigns of 1805-1807?

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONG. Find the error and fix it. Write the sentence number and the correct word.

1)Military duty - the statutory duty of citizens to serve in the ranks Armed Forces and perform other duties related to the defense of the country.

3) A.V. Suvorov went through everything military ranks.

4) The Order of Courage was awarded to many servicemen for their performance military debt.

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONG. Find the error and fix it. Write the sentence number and the correct word.

1) Pyotr Grinev, the main character of A.S. Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter", on the eve of the battle with the Pugachevites dreamed of a heroic military feat.

2)Military doctors rescued the wounded in battle.

3) Patriotism and loyalty military duty - the main qualities of the defender of the Fatherland.

4) In 1854-1855 Nakhimov P.S. was the commander of the Sevastopol port and military governor.

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONG. Find the error and fix it. Write the sentence number and the correct word.

1) Smolensk is called a city military glory, shield city.

2) Victims of war - military and civilians suffering during wars and armed conflicts.

3) Vladimir Vysotsky repeatedly repeated that military The songs have a contemporary twist.

4) The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called was celebrated military exploits and impeccable public service.

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONG. Find the error and fix it. Write the sentence number and the correct word.

1) In the history of every Russian family there is military page.

2) Arsenal - warehouse military equipment.

3) A lot military compounds were created at the expense of folk funds.

4) Rokossovsky K.K. began military private service in the First World War.

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONG. Find the error and fix it. Write the sentence number and the correct word.

1)military no one is trusted with the secret.

2)Military the glory of the ancient Russian prince Svyatoslav prompted the Pecheneg prince to make a bowl from his skull: he hoped, using it, to adopt the valor and military talent of the prince.

3) Why military events in the history of mankind always change the fate of peoples?

4) Musical art deeply and truthfully revealed the subject military years.

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONG. Find the error and fix it. Write the sentence number and the correct word.

1) M.I. Kutuzov began military service from the age of 15.

3)Military ranks determine seniority in the relationship between military personnel.

4) The battle banner of the unit is a symbol military honor and glory.

In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONG. Find the error and fix it. Write the sentence number and the correct word.

1)Today songs military years appear before listeners as monuments of history, fanned by the romance of the heroism of the people.

2) Since the 15th century, participants in campaigns and battles have been awarded medals. The higher military the post was occupied by the awarded, the larger in size and weight was his medal.

3) Has understanding changed? military debt, army partnership?

4) The Mongols had a strong military organization: the entire numerous army was divided into “darkness”, 10,000 people each, “darkness”, in turn, into “thousands”, “hundreds”, “tens”.

7. ANSWERS

The topic is interesting. But complicated. For those who did not serve in the army and couch analysts - especially. Yes Yes! Information about the structure, hierarchy and number of military units of the army in peacetime - information that goes under the heading "OO" - is top secret! It is available only to military commissars of districts and more senior chiefs.

Why secret?

The explanation for this is extremely simple. Knowing the numbers of units, their location and the number of soldiers in the structural unit, which a drunken demobilization can tell a fellow traveler on the train, agent "007" does not have to figure out which gang of "horror in bear skins” can fall upon the peacefully grazing Dutch, Danish or French warriors guarding democracy in Europe.

In 1941, history taught Adi G. a cruel lesson! The vaunted "Abwehr" & Canaris failed to accurately determine the number of Red Army soldiers, got confused in the names and numbers of units. As a result, the 4 weeks allotted for the “blitzkrieg” stretched out 6 months. And the error in the assessment was marked in the 45th victorious salute over the Reichstag.

Jokes aside. Let us consider the traditional structure that is preserved to some extent in the hierarchy of the Russian armed forces, without mentioning the number of soldiers serving in a squad, regiment or division.

Tradition and modernity

Traditionally, two number systems have developed: classical formations and separate ones.

classical structures - this is a military formation, the basis and name of which was laid in the old days of the formation of the Russian army during the Romanov dynasty: 1613-1917. Almost completely the hierarchy of subordination was adopted by the Red Army by 1941.

Separate military formation - were formed on the basis of the conditions for the development and transformation of the structure of troops. The cavalry went into oblivion, the Strategic Missile Forces and the Submarine Fleet developed and occupied the dominant positions. The army did not stand aside from these changes. Being a labile (sedentary) structure, within the framework of existing units (divisions), it carried out their enlargement or reduction. Depending on the tasks solved by the department. Thus, intermediate links appeared, which began to be called "separate": companies, battalions, regiments, divisions.

IN modern army military formations include:

1) divisions;

2) military units;

3) connections;

4) associations.

1. Any military formation has a status legal entity. Military formations conclude and execute civil law contracts and agreements.
2. Each military formation has a name: real or conditional.
3. The conventional name consists of the inscription "military formation" and a combination of numbers. Also, the "No" sign is put. As a result, the entire code name looks like this: "military unit No. NNNN."
4. The official name includes the peacetime combined arms number, the staff name, the honorary name (if any) and the name state awards(if the military formation was awarded orders). For example: 1234 Arkharinsky Guards Order of Lenin Red Banner Separate Tank Regiment.
5. Buildings, structures, premises, equipment, machinery, weapons, inventory and material resources necessary for carrying out activities are assigned to military formations, starting with a separate company, in order to ensure their activities.

HIERARCHY sample 1945-1991

The main hierarchical structures of the troops that have retained historical names:

Branch

In the Soviet and Russian army a branch is the smallest military formation with a full-time commander. The squad is commanded by a junior sergeant or sergeant. Usually in a motorized rifle department there are 9-13 people. In the departments of other branches of the armed forces, the number of personnel of the department is from 3 to 15 people. In some military branches, the branch is called differently. In artillery - crew, in tank troops - crew.

Platoon

Several squads make up a platoon. Usually there are 2 to 4 squads in a platoon, but more are possible. The platoon is led by a commander with an officer's rank. In the Soviet and Russian armies, this is a junior lieutenant, lieutenant or senior lieutenant. On average, the number of personnel in a platoon ranges from 9 to 45 people. Usually in all companies of the troops the name is the same - a platoon. Usually a platoon is part of a company, but can exist independently.

Company

Several platoons make up a company. In addition, a company may include several independent squads that are not included in any of the platoons. For example, in a motorized rifle company there are three motorized rifle platoons, a machine-gun squad, and an anti-tank squad. Usually a company consists of 2-4 platoons, sometimes more platoons. A company is the smallest formation of tactical importance, that is, a formation capable of independently performing small tactical tasks on the battlefield. Company commander Capt. On average, the size of a company can be from 18 to 200 people.

Motorized rifle companies are usually about 130-150 people, tank companies 30-35 people. Usually the company is part of the battalion, but often the existence of companies as independent formations. In artillery, this type of formation is called a battery; in cavalry, a squadron.

Companies began to be created for the first time in Western Europe at the end of the 15th - beginning of the 16th centuries. The number of companies in peacetime reached 100-150, and in wartime - 200-250 people.

Battalion

It consists of several companies (usually 2-4) and several platoons that are not included in any of the companies. The battalion is one of the main tactical formations. A battalion, like a company, platoon, squad, is named according to its type of troops (tank, motorized rifle, engineer-sapper, communications). But the battalion already includes formations of other types of weapons. For example, in a motorized rifle battalion, in addition to motorized rifle companies, there is a mortar battery, a material support platoon, and a communications platoon. Battalion Commander Lieutenant Colonel. The battalion already has its headquarters. Usually in the average battalion, depending on the type of troops, it can number from 250 to 950 people. However, there are battalions of about 100 people. In artillery, this type of formation is called a division.

Initially, the term "battalion" meant "order of battle", but then it began to be used as the name of a military unit. In the Russian army, battalions were first created by Peter I. They consisted of four companies of the same type and were part of the regiment. The number of the battalion is up to 500 people.

Regiment

In the Soviet and Russian armies, this is the main tactical formation and a completely autonomous formation in the economic sense. The regiment is commanded by a colonel. Although the regiments are named after the branches of the military, in fact this is a formation consisting of units of many branches of the armed forces, and the name is given according to the predominant branch of the military. The number of personnel of the regiment is from 900 to 2000 people.

brigade

Just like the regiment, it is the main tactical formation. Actually, the brigade occupies an intermediate position between the regiment and the division. A brigade may also consist of two regiments, plus auxiliary battalions and companies. On average, there are from 2,000 to 8,000 people in a brigade. The brigade commander, as well as in the regiment - colonel.

Division

The division is the main tactical unit in various branches of the armed forces. Divisions are designed to conduct combat as part of larger formations: armies, corps, squadrons. A division usually consists of several regiments or brigades, units or divisions. For the first time, divisions appeared in the sailing fleets of a number of states in the 17th century, as component squadrons of ships.

According to the state - a major general, in reality - usually a colonel.

Frame

The corps is an intermediate formation between the division and the army. The corps is already a combined-arms formation, that is, it usually lacks the sign of one type of troops. It is impossible to talk about the structure and strength of the corps. How many buildings existed or exist, so many of their structures exist. Corps Commander Lieutenant General.

Army

This term is used in three main meanings:

A. Army - the armed forces of the state as a whole;

b. Army - ground forces of the armed forces of the state (as opposed to the fleet and military aviation);

V. Army - a military formation.

In this article we are talking about the army as a military formation. The army is a large-scale operational military formation. The army includes divisions, regiments, battalions of all types of troops. Usually, armies are no longer subdivided according to the types of troops, although there may be tank armies, where tank divisions. An army may also include one or more corps. It is impossible to talk about the structure and size of the army, because how many armies exist or have existed, so many structures existed. The soldier at the head of the army is no longer called "commander", but "army commander". Usually the staff rank of the army commander is Colonel General. In peacetime, armies as military formations are rarely organized. Usually divisions, regiments, battalions are directly part of the district.

Front (district)

This is the highest military formation of a strategic type in war time. Larger formations do not exist. The name "front" is used only in wartime for the formation leading fighting. For such formations in peacetime, or those located in the rear, the name "okrug" (military district) is used. The front includes several armies, corps, divisions, regiments, battalions of all types of troops. The composition and strength of the front may be different. Fronts are never subdivided according to the types of troops (that is, there cannot be a tank front, an artillery front, etc.). At the head of the front (district) is the commander of the front (district) with the rank of army general.

Group-of-troops

In wartime, this is the name given to military formations that solve operational tasks inherent in the front, but operate in a narrower sector or a secondary direction and, accordingly, are much smaller and weaker than such a formation as the front, but stronger than the army. In peacetime it was called Soviet army associations of formations stationed abroad (Group Soviet troops in Germany, Central Group of Forces, Northern Group of Forces, Southern Group of Forces). In Germany, this group of troops included several armies and divisions. In Czechoslovakia, the Central Group of Forces consisted of five divisions, three of which were combined into a corps. In Poland, the group of troops consisted of two divisions, and in Hungary of three divisions.

As part of these units, the Russian army is ready to repel any attack and solve any tactical and strategic tasks. No one doubts this!

ETYMOLOGY OF THE NAMES OF MILITARY UNITS IN THE MODERN ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Voronoi Vsevolod Viktorovich
National Research Tomsk State University
faculty student foreign languages

THE ORIGINS OF MILITARY ELEMENTS NAMES IN THE MODERN ARMED FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Voronoy Vsevolod Viktorovich
National Research Tomsk State University
Student at the Faculty of Foreign Languages

Bibliographic link to the article:
Voronoi V.V. Etymology of the names of military units in the modern Armed Forces of the Russian Federation // Humanitarian Scientific research. 2016. No. 4 [Electronic resource]..03.2019).

Throughout its history, the Russian army has undergone many reforms, during which its structure and the hierarchy of military formations have changed. Among the most significant domestic historians are the military reforms of Ivan IV (1550-1571), Peter I (1698-1721), D.A. Milyutin (1862-1874), reforms of 1905-1912, military reform in the USSR (1924-1925). The reform of the army took place under the influence of changing historical, political, economic, social conditions, as well as progressive foreign models. All these circumstances left their mark on the formation, change and development of military terminology. Modern terms denoting military units have a different origin and history of functioning in modern Russian.

This article discusses the origin of terms denoting only specific units (formations) in the structure (or hierarchy) of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. In order of growth in the number of personnel, these are: squad, platoon, company, battalion, regiment, brigade, division, corps, army, front. Thus, special names of units in aviation and navy (for example, a link, squadron, crew, fleet) and some types of troops (for example, a battery in artillery), grouping concepts (for example, a unit, a formation), that have fallen out of use, remain outside the scope of the study. or rarely used terms (e.g. team, detachment), names special types formations (educational, disciplinary, etc.).

The subject of the study is the origin of the names of military units in the modern Russian army. The object of the study is a group of words that, in military terminology, designate the main specific military formations in the Ground Forces of the Russian Federation: squad, platoon, company, battalion, regiment, brigade, division, corps, army, front. The purpose of the study is to consider the etymology of this group of words, to establish the main sources of origin of military terms of a particular lexical group(names of military units).

We will consider the origin of the names in order of increasing the number of personnel of the units - from the smallest to the largest.

Branch - the lowest military unit of 6-12 people. It is available in the armed forces of most states, is part of a platoon - motorized rifle (infantry), reconnaissance, sapper, communications, etc. The verb "separate" (hereinafter from the Proto-Slavic deliti) comes from.

A platoon is a combat and administrative unit of a company, squadron or battery. In the etymological dictionaries of M. Fasmer and P.Ya. Chernykh's dictionary entries "platoon" are missing. The word comes from the verb cock. The National Corpus of the Russian Language (NKRYA) records the first use of the word platoon by A. Radishchev in 1773-1774 (the term plutong is also used at the same time). The last use of the word plutong was recorded by the NKR in 1817. Therefore, it can be assumed that for some time the names of the units platoon and plutong functioned in parallel, and then a more understandable term of Slavic origin replaced the foreign name. According to some reports, this happened after 1815 (see Kersnovsky A.A. "History of the Russian Army").

A company is a military unit, consisting of two or three platoons, which is part of a battalion. In Russian, the word company has been known since the first half of the 17th century, since 1632, when the organization of the "regiments of the new system" began. Borrowed from German. Modern German Rotte - row, crowd, military unit, military detachment. Rotte was borrowed in the Middle Ages from Old French (rote, route - crowd, detachment).

Battalion - part of a regiment of several companies, containing up to 1000 soldiers. It has been known in Russia since 1702. Borrowed directly from the French. bataillon, it. battaglione or through it. Bataillon.

Regiment - the formation of armed forces numbering from 900 to 2000 people, including headquarters of several battalions or divisions. According to M. Vasmer, it comes from the Proto-Slavic language, from which, among other things, the Old Slavonic pulk and Old Russian pulk originated. It is also indicated that “loans. from other German. *fulkaz and “primordially Slavic. the origin of the word rъlkъ is less likely. There are other versions of the origin of the word. For example, S. Kolibaba in the article “Regiment - Etymology” indicates that the term regiment appears in the “Tale of Bygone Years” - in 946, when Princess Olga began a war with the Drevlyans, and “in the plot of the chronicler of the XII century, regiments mean Drevlyansk and Kiev militia; those. militia territorial, regional”. Consequently, the term regiment, in the opinion of this author, should have the meaning of "fellowship, district, region, district" in its content. The author connects the origin of the word regiment with the biblical pelakh (district, region, district), analyzing the content of concepts, the graphic and phonetic design of words, the rules for transliterating Jewish names into Russian. However, most of the sources we used point to Slavic origin the word "regiment", we will adhere to this version.

A brigade is a military unit consisting of two or three regiments. As a military term, the word brigade has been known in Russian since the beginning of the 18th century. Borrowed from French. Fr. brigade - from the Italian brigata (team, crowd, company, society).

A division is a large tactical unit in the army, which is a combination of several regiments in the ground forces. In Russian, the word division has been known since the beginning of the 18th century, when a division consisted of several infantry brigades. The word comes from lat. divisio - division, separation. In many European languages ​​there are similar words: fr. division, German die Division division. It is possible that the word division appeared as a military term earlier than in the West.

A corps is a large military formation, consisting of other formations (divisions, brigades), as well as units and subunits of various branches of the military. In Russian, the word corpus has been found since 1705, borrowed through Polish. corpus or German. das Korps (XVII century). Comes from lat. corpus - "body, organism".

Army - an operational military formation of several corps or divisions of various branches of the armed forces for conducting combat operations during the war. It was recorded in Russian in 1705 by Prince Kurakin; also met in 1704 in the form of an army. Borrowed directly from French or through German die Armee. In this case, the ending -iya may be an erroneous regularization instead of the old -ey, which is perceived as vulgar.

The front is a large operational-strategic association of troops of the armed forces of the state in the conditions of continental hostilities. Russian front (also front and folk front) has been known since 1703. Borrowed from the German language: die Front - “front, system”. Derived from the Latin frons "forehead".

Of the ten names of military units whose origin was considered in this study, seven are borrowed from foreign languages: four from French, three from German. At the same time, six of the seven borrowed terms came into use in the 18th century. Thus, the most active military terms and designations of military units, in particular, were borrowed during the period of military reforms of Peter I (1698-1721). The strongest and most effective European armies were taken as samples, in addition, Peter I invited many foreign military leaders to serve - F. Lefort, P. Gordon, A. Weide, G. Ogilvy and others, who introduced not only new principles for the organization of troops and conduct of hostilities, but also the corresponding military terms. Also extremely conducive to lexical borrowing circumstances are prolonged hostilities. Close interaction between military personnel has created favorable conditions for the adoption of a certain layer of vocabulary. The terms borrowed in this era, naming military units (battalion, brigade, division, corps, army, front), to one degree or another, have retained their meaning to this day.

Three of the ten names considered are of Slavic origin. At the same time, two of them (squad, platoon) are relatively new and designate grassroots, the smallest, military units. These terms, as a rule, are used to designate units in the Ground Forces; in different branches of the military, they may have other or parallel names (crew, crew, etc.). The most interesting of this group is the word regiment - the oldest of all ten terms considered, used as far back as the 10th century. Compared with the modern meaning of the term, in the early period the word regiment actually referred to any more or less large military formation, most often an association formed on the principle of belonging to one territory or under the command of one military leader. The modern term has a narrower and more specific meaning, although it has retained its universality and is used in all military branches. Accordingly, the knowledge of these terms is an important component of the professional competence of a military translator.

Main external military dangers:

a) the desire to endow the power potential of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) with global functions implemented in violation of international law, to bring the military infrastructure of NATO member countries closer to the borders of the Russian Federation, including by expanding the bloc;

b) attempts to destabilize the situation in individual states and regions and undermine strategic stability;

c) deployment (build-up) of military contingents of foreign states (groups of states) in the territories of states adjacent to the Russian Federation and its allies, as well as in adjacent water areas;

d) the creation and deployment of strategic anti-missile defense systems that undermine global stability and disrupt the existing balance of forces in the nuclear-missile sphere, as well as the militarization of outer space, the deployment of strategic non-nuclear systems of high-precision weapons;

e) territorial claims against the Russian Federation and its allies, interference in their internal affairs;

f) proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, missiles and missile technologies, an increase in the number of states possessing nuclear weapons;

g) violation by individual states of international agreements, as well as non-compliance with previously concluded international treaties in the field of arms limitation and reduction;

h) application military force in the territories of states adjacent to the Russian Federation in violation of the UN Charter and other norms of international law;

i) the presence (emergence) of outbreaks and escalation of armed conflicts in the territories adjacent to the Russian Federation and its allies;

j) the spread of international terrorism;

k) the emergence of hotbeds of interethnic (inter-confessional) tension, the activities of international armed radical groups in areas adjacent to the state border of the Russian Federation and the borders of its allies, as well as the presence of territorial contradictions, the growth of separatism and violent (religious) extremism in certain regions of the world.

Main internal military dangers:

a) attempts to forcibly change the constitutional order of the Russian Federation;

b) undermining the sovereignty, violating the unity and territorial integrity of the Russian Federation;

c) disorganization of the functioning of state authorities, important state, military facilities and information infrastructure of the Russian Federation.

Main military threats:

a) a sharp aggravation of the military-political situation (interstate relations) and the creation of conditions for the use of military force;

b) obstruction of the operation of the state and military control systems of the Russian Federation, disruption of the functioning of its strategic nuclear forces, missile attack warning systems, space control, nuclear weapons storage facilities, nuclear energy, nuclear, chemical industries and other potentially dangerous facilities;

c) the creation and training of illegal armed formations, their activities on the territory of the Russian Federation or on the territories of its allies;

d) demonstration of military force during exercises in the territories of states adjacent to the Russian Federation or its allies for provocative purposes;

e) revitalization of the activities of the armed forces of individual states (groups of states) with partial or complete mobilization, transfer of state and military administration bodies of these states to work in wartime conditions.

source of potential regional military danger Russia and other CIS countries are states bordering the territory of the former USSR in the south, which are capable of individually creating quite powerful groupings of troops against their northern neighbors. At the same time, regional military threats of a different nature have been smoothed to a certain extent by bilateral agreements (economic, border, military, cultural, etc.) and have practically not grown into a military threat to Russia, although they have a great explosive potential.

Local military danger at the present time it has a more mobile character, more pronounced and specific symptoms of contradictions and a shorter process in time of transition to an immediate threat or to an armed conflict. Local military danger to Russia practically exists around the perimeter borders Russia with far-abroad countries. It is fed by existing purely military and territorial contradictions, which, under certain conditions, can escalate into armed conflicts.

At present, tendencies of increasing military danger within the CIS and Russia, which can develop into armed conflicts, play an increasingly important role. different scale and intensity caused by the following reasons: first- non-coincidence of ethnic and administrative borders of a number of states of the CIS and Russia. The same problem takes place within the Russian Federation between its subjects. The desire of some republics to revise and clarify borders can lead to armed conflict; second- political and economic contradictions both within Russia and with the CIS states can provoke armed conflicts that cause instability and pose a threat to the statehood of Russia; third- the desire of power nationalist structures of some autonomies for complete sovereignty and the creation of their own national formations.

Based on military threats, dangers and measures to ensure the security of Russia, the alignment of military and political forces in the world and states adjacent to Russia, as well as the possible geopolitical goals of the aggressor, military conflicts at the beginning of the 21st century will be characterized as: - frontier wars where the aggressor will pursue goals: breaking through the state border to allow smugglers, terrorists or refugee flows to pass; implementation of territorial claims against Russia; -local wars, which can be unleashed with the following goals: implementation of territorial claims against the Russian Federation; support for armed separatist movements on the territory of Russia with the task of tearing away certain regions from it, as well as ousting Russian peacekeeping contingents and Russian military bases in other states;

-regional wars- these are wars of a larger scale, which will be carried out with the aims of: defeating the main military forces of the Russian Federation in the theater of operations (theater of operations), seizing a significant part of the territory, weakening the military-political leadership of the state and promoting the territorial disintegration of the Russian Federation, weakening Russia's international positions;

-large-scale (world) war, where the aggressor - a state, a coalition of states or their block, will pursue the goals of the military and economic defeat of the Russian Federation and its allies, the dismemberment and liquidation of Russia as a state - a subject of international relations. All this puts forward new requirements for the structure of the military organization of the state, including the system of medical support for the population in wartime. It becomes obvious the need to maintain the structures of the medical service of civil defense in high combat and mobilization readiness. Even in a border armed conflict, a local war, one cannot do without civil defense activities with partial mobilization, especially in regions where such aggression has been committed, and in other regions in order to make up for losses in personnel, equipment, materiel, etc.

A -
Axel - aglet, wicker pendant.

B -
Babos - money.
Bucks are money.
Balabas - some kind of food, often something very tasty, but when you want to eat, then any food! The origin of the word can only be guessed at.
Balabasit - eat, eat, take food.
Bardak - BRDM - combat reconnaissance and patrol vehicle.
Beluga - underwear - shirt and underpants.
Without fawn - secretly, imperceptibly, observing conspiracy and maintaining the effect of surprise.
The beaver is a morally and physically downtrodden soldier. The beaver is always sloppily dressed, dirty and prone to humiliation. In the Navy, a beaver is a sailor before taking the Oath.
Bolts - barley porridge, due to its high taste and nutritional qualities, is very "adored" by the personnel of the RF Armed Forces.
Armored - tankers.
Paper Grandfather - that is, not real. After graduating from higher educational institution, "towers". A soldier called up for a year and after six months of service becomes a paper grandfather.
Boomer - BMP, Fighting machine Infantry.
Bems is the combat vehicle of the duty unit.
Beters - linen lice - from the word armored personnel carrier, as they resemble the Combat Reconnaissance Transporter in shape. Linen lice appear if a soldier does not change his underwear for a long time and does not wash. Easily carried and moved from the clothes of one soldier to the clothes of a nearby soldier. Hot spots are often the source of distribution, where soldiers do not have the opportunity to wash and take care of their clothes. The soldier method is removed by heat treatment of all folds on linen and uniforms (for example, using an iron), as well as by boiling or steaming linen and uniforms. It is also necessary to shave the hair under the armpits and on the groin, where the Baters lay their eggs.
Beha - BMP (Infantry Fighting Vehicle).

IN -
Varkul - a palm strike to the neck.
Vzletka - the central passage in the barracks.
Get stuck - get into trouble, get an unwanted job, get into a mess, and the like.
Get on skis - make an escape, leave without permission military unit, to desert.
To rub - to say something convincingly, to prove one's point of view to someone.
Suck in - the expression describes all the problems of soldiers with a short service life. Constantly work, humiliate yourself, fulfill the whims of the senior call.
Vyalitsya - do nothing, sit back, relax.
Pass out - fall asleep soundly.
Tower - higher education, higher education institution.

G -
To drive - confidently tell a lie, lie to someone.
Granik - grenade launcher.
Guba - a guardhouse - a place of serving a sentence, something like a punishment cell.
Goose - pull a hundred days.

D -
Put pressure on the mass - sleep soundly.
Give slack - relax, forget about duties.
Grandfather is a soldier who has less than half a year left until the end of his service.
Grandfather in kind - a soldier in the junior conscription, whose age is more than 25 years old at the time of conscription into the army.
Hazing is the principle of relationships in a military team, according to which senior soldiers have more privileges than junior soldiers.
Demobilization is the Grandfather who will be transferred to the reserve in the coming months. From the word demobilization, transfer to the reserve.
Wooden demobilization - that is, not real. After graduating from higher education
institutions, "towers". A soldier called up for a year and already after nine months
service becoming a Wooden demobilization.
Dembelskaya porridge, Dembelyukha - a dish of cookies, condensed milk and something else sweet.
Dembel chord - this means that Dembel, before leaving home, will need to do something useful for the company or military unit. Usually exactly what they have learned to do well during the service.
The demobilization lump is a very beautifully designed uniform that Dembel makes in order to boast at home that he served in the Army.
Extract asphalt - clear the parade ground from snow.
Spirit - a soldier with a service life of up to six months (from taking the Oath). Transcription - Home Terribly Want. In the Navy - Karas.
Dukhanka - a period for a soldier, while he is considered a Spirit.

AND-
Blow up - blow up.

Z -
To score - to be indifferent, to show negligence, not to pay attention.
Shave - deprive.
Driven, Driven - come up with something unusual, at first glance stupid (to those who are driven, this idea never seems stupid), delve into reflections or into some kind of creative thought.
To suffocate - to fall asleep, usually for a short time.
Castle - deputy platoon commander.
Flying - a violation of some grandfather's law, rule, custom, and so on, as a rule, carries a punishment.
To sulk is to refuse to do something.
The smell is a soldier before taking the Oath.
Refueling - stall (outside the territory of the unit).
Zasharitsya - several options: 1. Get a job where no one drives in the neck, no one vows, does not stand over the soul. 2. Rest while everyone is working. 3. Get civilian food. 4. And in general, to get what brings joy in army life.
Zold is a soldier (from the lips of officers).

AND -
Words have not yet been remembered!

TO -
Calabashka - a blow to the neck with the palm of your hand.
Kalich - sick, usually someone who is constantly sick or pretends to be sick. From the word feces (poop).
Kaptyorka - a room where the personal belongings of all soldiers are stored, as a rule, they are not stored there for a long time, they are stolen.
Corporal - in some military units, the unofficial name of a junior sergeant, as a rule, is used disparagingly to him.
Quarantine - the course of a young soldier, the period while all newly drafted soldiers are driven by drill, forced to learn the charter, walk in a row, conduct all sorts of exercises: getting up on an alarm, shooting, and so on, starts from the moment of the call and lasts until the oath or longer - from 2 -x weeks to 4 months.
Swing or pumping is an intense, meaningless exercise to the physical and moral exhaustion of "athletes".
swing - perform physical exercise in huge numbers, most often under duress by senior soldiers.
Throw - deceive someone without fulfilling their part of the promise or contract.
Komodo is the squad leader.
Lump is a uniform camouflage suit. Lumps are "glass", "birch", "watermelon", "dirty snow", "wave", "raincoat fabric" and many others. They are divided according to the quality of the fabric, color, direction of the stripes.
Kompot - regiment commander.
Double bass - a contract soldier, appeared in connection with the transition to a contract.
Mower - 1000 rubles.
To mow - to make mistakes, to do something wrong.
Kosepor, joint - one who often mows.
Cardan is a car depot employee.
Rat (close) - a greedy soldier who hides and does not share anything with anyone. A soldier caught stealing.
A piece is an ensign.

L -
Sheet - 100 rubles.
Fly - pull a hundred days.
Lobar - a slap with the palm of the spelled.
Lyulya is an ordinary bed for sleeping.
A skier is a soldier who left the military unit without permission, a deserter.
Badge - a small strip on shoulder straps: 1 badge - corporal, 2 stripes - junior sergeant, 3 stripes - sergeant and so on. A large number of The lychek gives the right to walk next to a crowd of soldiers, and yell at them to keep pace.

M-
Mabuta - motorized rifle troops.
Matsubarit - smoking.
Mechan, mechanic - driver mechanic.
Mobile - cellular telephone, mobile rapid response company.
Murlocatans are an endearing appeal to soldiers.
Fly slayers are anti-aircraft gunners.
Matl, Motolyga - light armored multi-purpose tractor, initially and correctly - MT-LB, however said words firmly entered into use.

H -
Strain - loads, constant burdens and hardships.
Underweight - a soldier with a deficient body weight, who was put on enhanced nutrition.
Lack - a constantly hungry soldier who is always short of food and always wants to eat them.

ABOUT -
OZK - Combined Arms Protective Kit.
Monkey - a soldier, from the lips of officers.
To puzzle is the same as to order, but in the language of soldiers. They are usually puzzled by something complex and difficult to accomplish.
Deer is a dumb soldier.
Fight back - go to sleep.
To smear - to skillfully help someone avoid punishment or an unpleasant situation, unnecessary work.
To be fascinated - to think, to forget for a while.

P -
Palevo - the threat of revealing the secret. Sudden threat.
Pepper - this is the name of the soldiers who put themselves higher than they should be in terms of service life.
The dog is an employee of guard units, respectfully.
A jacket is an officer serving on conscription, after graduating from a university in which there was a military department, as a rule, personnel and regular officers have a sharp dislike for the "jacket".
Flattening (wetting) a mug is the same as pinching, that is, sleeping without pale.
To shave - to make someone hope for something, and then not live up to his expectations.
Fitting (fitting) - a gift (give).
Hemming - a collar, a strip of white fabric that is sewn on the collar of a tunic or simply on the collar of a garment. Serves for the prevention of hygiene of the surface of the skin in contact with clothing.
Catch the silence - shut up.
Buyer - this is the name of a person who recruits and accompanies a team to places of further service, usually in the rank of officer
Confuse - 1. Experience shock. 2. Get out of hand (be impudent).
Porthoses - footcloths.
Get lost (get lost) - in a short time to disappear somewhere, disappear from the eyes of the one who ordered.
The order is the day when Dedov will be transferred to the reserve.
Prikolyuha - a joke, a funny thing, a funny incident.
To pierce the soul (ballast, pierce plywood) - hit in the chest.
To pierce - to lose something.
Proshareny - smart, cunning, thoughtful, taught by bitter experience.
Gingerbread (zampushka) - a palm strike on the forehead, with a slap.

R -
Relax - relax.
Rubber day - Wednesday, the day of RKhBZ (Radiation-Chemical-Biological Protection).
Give birth (generate) - find, get. Time to find something.
Cuts (cuts me) - strongly tends to sleep. Possible not arbitrary falling asleep "on the go".
To steer - to command.

WITH -
Salaga is a young, inexperienced soldier.
Self-propelled - go outside the unit without permission, go AWOL.
The swineherd is an employee of the support company.
Two hundred - means the death of a person or the breakdown of some thing.
Simulator - one who pretends to be sick, pretends to be sick.
To communize is to borrow something without permission.
A violinist is a soldier who is suicidal or has already attempted suicide.
An elephant is a soldier with a service life of six months to a year. Decryption - Soldier Loving Awesome Loads. In the Navy - Vigorous crucian.
Elephant - a period for a soldier, while he is considered an Elephant.
Elephant radio - false information, unjustified rumors, an empty promise, not true.
SOC (leave in socha) - Unauthorized Abandonment of the Part (arbitrarily leave the part).
Stodnevka - the period of service 100 days before the release of the Order.
Arrow - a secret meeting of colleagues to resolve a controversial issue.
Squealer, bitch - I think there is no need to explain ...
Snot - the same as Lychka, that is, a strip of military distinction on the pursuit.
Sochinets - a serviceman who left his unit without permission.
Burn a chip - notice that something is happening.
Sleep - become noticeable, lose secrets and secrets.
Chest - ensign.

T -
Taski - also that it dries, does not do anything, from the word "dragging". In the sense of resting when others are working.
To trudge - to enjoy something, to have fun.
The body is a living combat unit, a unit. A unit of quantitative measurement of subordinate personnel.
Brake - a soldier who incorrectly follows orders or correctly, but slowly.
Tochevo (to sharpen) - food, take food.
A tracer is a soldier sent somewhere, for something. It came from the name of the bullet, which glows during the flight, is used for night firing practice, a tracer bullet.
Trindets is the final and irrevocable end, the tragic culmination of the action.
The torso is a soldier with a short service life, offensive.
Pulling an elephant - pulling a hundred days.

U -
Dismissal - a dismissal ticket.
Ustavshchina is a variant of the corporal-sergeant hazing.
Umiralovka - punishment for flying, can be both to one and to all at once.
Charter - in addition to the generally accepted concept (code of military laws), it is also cigarettes that are issued to soldiers (charter cigarettes).

F -
Fibring means hardening the chevrons and all the different patches to make them look cooler.
Chip (stand on the chip) - make sure that no one notices anything.

X -
The trunk is the nose of a soldier with a short service life.
The hamster is a greedy soldier who hides everything and shares only with "his own". A soldier seen in the habit of stocking up for a rainy day.

C -
Integrity - accuracy.
Tsentryak - the central passage in the barracks (take-off).

H -
Chapala - In everything, an unsightly, sloppy fighter. Often they call those who have a dressed uniform 2-3 sizes larger and weigh a bag.
Scoop, skull - a soldier with a service life of a year to a year and a half. Decryption - Man Daily Destroying Peace of the Army Barracks. In the Navy - Godok.
Chipok - a soldier's tea house, a cafe on the territory of a military unit.
Chushin - untidy, dirty, sloppy, worn out and so on.

W -
Jackals - officers and ensigns, from the lips of privates and sergeants, disrespectfully.
Shisharik - car GAZ-66.
Shkonka - bed.
Shmon - a sudden and thorough check.
Screws - all the soldiers from the lips of the border guards, except for the border guards, of course.
Rustle - work actively.
Shukher - a sudden threat of revealing a secret.

SCH -
Swallow (boil, boil) - doze off, sleep without pale, that is, imperceptibly for those who can interfere with sleep.

E -
Equator (spirit day) - half a hundred days. Only 50 days left to order!
Electric train - a tangible blow to the shin, is used to improve the quality of training in drill training.

YU -
Yuzat - use.

I -
Anchor is a soldier who constantly slows down, blunts, incapable of learning.