The science of butterflies is called lepidopterology. For my short life a female butterfly can lay more than 1,000 eggs. Butterflies are classified as insects complete transformation, or holometamorphosis. Their life cycle includes four phases: Egg; Larva (caterpillar); Pupa; Adult insect (imago). Butterflies are insects with complete metamorphosis, or holometamorphosis. Their life cycle includes four phases: Egg; Larva (caterpillar); Pupa; Adult insect (imago). Atlas (A. atlas aurantica) - one of the “champions” in terms of wing area

The caterpillar has now become a chrysalis within a chrysalis, with its body parts broken down into a thick liquid that will feed special, programmed cells that have lain in the caterpillar track. These cell clusters begin to form specialized body parts such as wings, legs and eyes of the new creature. This process continues for days, weeks, and sometimes months, depending on the type of butterfly that appears. The final stage occurs when the adult butterfly finally pushes itself out of its chrysalis, looking nothing like a caterpillar.

Do butterflies have a heart? Yes, I have. Only not in the chest, but... in the abdomen. And their blood is not red, but green. It does not contain hemoglobin, and it does not carry oxygen, like in humans, but delivers nutrients, various hormones and enzymes to all insect cells. The ability of butterflies to find “spouses” at great distances is amazing. Moths are especially famous for this: males of some species detect a female several kilometers away! The wings of the M. rethenor butterfly from the genus Morpho shine with iridescent colors. The male peacock eye (Eudia pavonia) has an exceptional sense of smell

When the butterfly breaks through the soft shell, its wings are wet and crumpled, and he must rest while he expands his wings and pumps them with blood. Continued flapping makes them strong, and soon the adult butterfly is ready to fly away and begin the cycle again, looking for a mate.

Each adult butterfly is covered in millions of tiny scales that help control body temperature. They can also help him avoid being captured by a predator, as they wear off easily. It is these scales that give, but their terms Beautiful colors. The body of a butterfly consists of three parts: the head, chest and belly. It has two long antennae on its head, which it uses as probes for touch and smell. They also have two large compound eyes, meaning that each of them represents thousands of formed eyes.

Butterflies have become a hobby for many famous people. They were collected by Vladimir Nabokov, Mikhail Bulgakov, academician Ivan Pavlov, revolutionary Nikolai Bukharin, and the famous financier Walter Rothschild. Among our contemporaries, Andrei Makarevich and the Mavrodi brothers, owners of one of the largest collections in Russia, drew attention to butterflies. Vladimir Nabokov discovered 20 species of butterflies and gave them names. And he donated his collection of 4,324 copies to the Zoological Museum of the University of Lausanne. Butterflies have become a hobby of many famous people. They were collected by Vladimir Nabokov, Mikhail Bulgakov, academician Ivan Pavlov, revolutionary Nikolai Bukharin, and the famous financier Walter Rothschild. Among our contemporaries, Andrei Makarevich and the Mavrodi brothers, owners of one of the largest collections in Russia, drew attention to butterflies. Vladimir Nabokov discovered 20 species of butterflies and gave them names. And he donated his collection of 4,324 copies to the Zoological Museum of the University of Lausanne. The lilac moth (Naxa seriaria) is capable of taking off from the surface of the water. The South American nymphalid (Hamadryas feronia) loudly flaps its wings.

This allows the butterfly to see in all directions at the same time. They also have a long, hollow tube called a proboscis, which they use like a straw to drink an energy-rich, sugary liquid called nectar, produced by flowering plants.

The butterfly's wings are the most important part, as they allow it to move around for food, shelter, a mate, and everything else it needs. Its wings are very strong, and they are supported and shaped by a network of veins, just like those in the leaf. Different species have wings different shapes, which make each fly differently. Those with large wings flap and make long glides, while those with wide wings flutter and flow or move in short bursts. long, thin wings fly faster, and those with short, triangular wings can zig-zag and fire quickly.

The Red Book serves as the scientific and directive basis for organizing the protection of rare and endangered butterfly species. Thus, 70 species of Lepidoptera belonging to 14 families are included in the IUCN Red List. The first Red Book of Russia, published in 1983, included 12 species of butterflies. Two years later, the Red Book of the USSR was published with a list of 105 species of Lepidoptera. In 1999, a new list of endangered animals in Russia was published, which included 33 species of butterflies. Queen Alexandra's ornithoptera (Ornithoptera alexandrae). One of rare species that are in danger of extinction. Despite restrictions on trade in this species, the unofficial cost of a pair of butterflies among collectors can reach US dollars or more. Swallowtail

The famous monarch butterfly flies to Mexico from North America before the autumn chill arrives. Some scientists believe they find their way by using the sun's position as a compass, while others believe they are able to detect changes in light waves that are filtered through clouds.

Butterfly wings are covered with scales, which are sacs with transparent ribbed walls. After a careless touch, they fall off and the wings look faded

The ancient Greeks are said to have believed that when people died, their souls left their bodies in the shape of a butterfly. Their symbol for the soul was a young girl named Psyche, who had butterfly wings. Today we know that true butterflies are extremely sensitive to changes in their environment. More and more as their habitats are destroyed and threatened by pollution, pesticides and other species human activity, butterflies are in danger. Some rare species may already be extinct.

Butterflies national park“Yugyd va” The first lepidoptera in the mountain-forest belt of the “Yugyd va” National Park can be found already at the end of May. These include urticaria, lemongrass, and algae. There are mourning flowers, noctuid moths, and, less often, multiflora. In June, butterflies of a new generation appear. In meadows and forest edges, carnivals from the blueberry family are abundant. Potted whites flutter under the crown of birches. Bright symbols of spring are dawn butterflies or aurora with cheerful orange spots on wings visible from afar. Friendly groups of garden whites - rutabaga, cabbage, and turnips - gather around the thawed areas. Dawn butterfly Peat bog blueberry Urticaria

Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. The butterfly is often perceived as a type of fragile and ephemeral creature. Butterfly affects the effect of a very small change in the initial conditions of the system, which significantly affects the result; this term comes from the title of an article by American meteorologist Edward Lorenz, “Predictability: Did a butterfly's wing in Brazil launch a tornado in Texas?” Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee Summary Muhammad Ali's boxing strategy likely originated with his assistant Drew "Bundini" Brown.

The butterfly's proboscis is a modified lower jaw, which is transformed into a sucking organ. But the butterfly caterpillar has quite strong jaws, thanks to which it can chew solid food

She feared her big day would be ruined by a butterfly or a prayer fluttering into the church as she walked down the aisle. If that happened, she knew that within seconds she would be frozen in place, hyperventilating and possibly fainting.

In the park, cocoon moths are represented by four species: raspberry, downy, pine and hawthorn. During the day, large brown butterflies, the birch silkworm, fly over the crowns. This species is included in the list of rare and endangered insects of the Komi Republic. The first moths appear in June. They got their name because of the way the caterpillars of this species move. Outwardly, this is similar to measuring distance using fingers (spans). Representatives of the family are diverse. The birch moth became a kind of indicator of clean air, thanks to which it became famous in the 19th century. It has been observed that the color of its wings becomes dark in industrial areas where tree trunks are covered with soot. Butterflies living in the birch forests of the national park are light-colored, and this may indicate the absence of air pollution in its territory. During this period of summer you can meet large and very beautiful butterflies from the Saturnia family, or peacock eyes. The national park is home to two species: the rufous night peacock eye and the lesser night peacock eye.

More than two million Britons suffer from phobias and although they are often trivialized or ridiculed, they can dominate lives. Celebrities suffer from them too. Earlier this month, Kylie Minogue revealed her own strange phobia. The singer is terrified of coat hangers, she hates the sight and sound of them and has even designed a special wardrobe to show off her outfits.

In Tina's case, the 38-year-old was forced to stage a wedding in the depths of winter when she knew the chances of encountering a butterfly or butterfly were slim. "People don't appreciate how a phobia can turn you off in so many ways," says Tina, a former TV researcher from Croydon, south London, who is now a full-time mum to Toby, two. I closed the windows in the summer and was afraid to leave the house.

In the evenings, various scoops or moths fly - the most numerous representatives of Lepidoptera. In deciduous and mixed forests Five species from the corydalis family were found in the national park: greater harpy, willow, zigzag, carmelite, and silver hole. The caterpillars of a number of corydalis are distinguished by their bright colors. Since July, various mother-of-pearls have been flying in the meadows: Selena, violet, Titania, and small marigold. Less common are mother-of-pearl meadowsweet, Aglaya, and early checkerwort. A characteristic representative of the Ural fauna is the alpine mother of pearl (Tor). Unusual in the polar regions are Laton's mother-of-pearl and Evgeniy's mother-of-pearl, which is listed in the Red Book of the Komi Republic. Its biology has not yet been studied. In the evenings, various scoops or moths fly - the most numerous representatives of Lepidoptera. Five species from the corydalis family were found in the deciduous and mixed forests of the national park: greater harpy, willow, zigzag, carmelite, silver hole. The caterpillars of a number of corydalis are distinguished by their bright colors. Since July, various mother-of-pearls have been flying in the meadows: Selena, violet, Titania, and small marigold. Less common are mother-of-pearl meadowsweet, Aglaya, and early checkerwort. A characteristic representative of the Ural fauna is the alpine mother of pearl (Tor). Unusual in the polar regions are Laton's mother-of-pearl and Evgeniy's mother-of-pearl, which is listed in the Red Book of the Komi Republic. Its biology has not yet been studied. Perlamutrovka Evgenia

These mysterious and undeniably beautiful creatures are a source of poetic inspiration and have become the heroes of many myths and legends.

We even took holidays to colder places where there was less chance of running into them. Her phobia started when she was a little girl without any apparent reason. “No one took it seriously back then,” says Tina. “At school, some girls put a dead butterfly in my locker.”

A phobia is an intense fear that seems irrational to others and interferes with your life. We still don't know the exact reasons, but they seem to be the result of a combination of genetics, environmental triggers and learned behavior. Now that it is being taken more seriously, more research is being done to find new treatments, including one study in Japan to develop a drug that may be able to shut down the part of the brain involved in driving phobias.

Large white hawthorns often feed on meadow flowers. Numerous in the park are the black marigolds: ligea, euryale, embla. Unlike other butterflies, nigellas are not afraid of cloudy weather and often fly in the drizzling rain. The Northern and Subpolar Urals are perhaps the last place where the number of the swallowtail butterfly does not yet cause concern. This one is beautiful and large sailboat from the cavalier family has become rare in territories developed by humans. Swallowtail is recognizable - yellow with a bright pattern consisting of a black border and noticeable bluish spots. A luxurious decoration of the fauna of the national park is the admiral - velvety black on top, a red stripe on the front wings, the same border on the hind wings, the corners of the front wings with white spots. The well-dressed admiral is a real celebrity. The butterfly became famous throughout the world thanks to its fearless flights across the Atlantic. In the Subpolar Urals you can meet this tireless traveler regularly. There is a version that they successfully overwinter here. Large white hawthorns often feed on meadow flowers. Numerous in the park are the black marigolds: ligea, euryale, embla. Unlike other butterflies, nigellas are not afraid of cloudy weather and often fly in the drizzling rain. The Northern and Subpolar Urals are perhaps the last place where the number of the swallowtail butterfly does not yet cause concern. This beautiful and large sailboat from the cavalier family has become rare in territories developed by humans. Swallowtail is recognizable - yellow with a bright pattern consisting of a black border and noticeable bluish spots. A luxurious decoration of the fauna of the national park is the admiral - velvety black on top, a red stripe on the front wings, the same border on the hind wings, the corners of the front wings with white spots. The well-dressed admiral is a real celebrity. The butterfly became famous throughout the world thanks to its fearless flights across the Atlantic. In the Subpolar Urals you can meet this tireless traveler regularly. There is a version that they successfully overwinter here. Nigella banded Admiral vulgare Meadow jaundice

Once, while my neighbors were away, my boyfriend had to drive across London in the middle of the night to remove a moth from my bedroom. When Tina and her husband of 10 years, David, 38, decided to start a family, she sought help again, this time trying Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, which is the most proven treatment for phobias. “I couldn’t have a child and be afraid to go out into the garden or park in the summer,” explains Tina.

At first the therapist didn't even mention butterflies or butterflies, but talked about many other things. It felt like a normal conversation, not like therapy. We went on to talk about what it was about butterflies and butterflies that I didn't like. Even the patterns on their wings scared me.

At the end of July - beginning of August, one of the most beautiful butterflies of the national park, the phoebus swallowtail, flies in the subalpine meadows. The sailboat Phoebus flies only in clear weather. Phoebus caterpillars develop mainly on rosea radiola. And if this plant, undergoing poaching, decreases in number, then this may cause a decrease in the number of this butterfly, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The phoebus swallowtail has a very unique fauna of lepidoptera in the north of the national park in the Kozhim River basin. Some Siberian species are numerous here: Marigold magna, Angara mother of pearl. Marbled nigella is very rare. It is common to find marigold Norna, Polyxena, northern, Rossa, Euryale, Ligeia, Embla and some other species in tundra places. An interesting representative Ural is the Alaskan mother of pearl. Large forest pearl

Since then, she was able to cope with insects and no longer planned her life around moths and butterflies. It is estimated that around one in 10 Britons will suffer from a phobia at some stage in their lives. For unknown reasons, women are twice as likely to suffer from phobias than men. The most common are spiders, snakes, heights, open spaces and social situations.

In rare cases, phobias are treated with drugs, but there are a number of alternatives, including hypnotherapy, acupuncture and regression therapy. A recent study found that patients who were terrified by a dentist's training were less anxious after acupuncture sessions. Earlier this year, Japanese scientists said phobias such as fear of spiders, snakes, flying and heights could be cured with an injection. It is believed that since fear is a learned habit, the impact can "switch off" the part of the brain that generates emotion behind it.

In the high-altitude lichen tundra there are very few diurnal butterflies. Among the rocks, the Alpine whitefish (Calliditsa) and the Melissa marigold still live. Alpine whiteweed is not afraid of cold northern winds and rains. You can observe how even in stormy weather these butterflies continue to feed on the nectar of flowers. Male lemon balm exhibits pronounced territorial behavior. Usually the male sits, hiding on the rocks, but when another male appears in the air, he abruptly takes off and rushes after him in pursuit. Marigold Melissa Alpine whiteweed

Researchers have been encouraged after tests on goldfish, which have brains similar to humans, showed that when they were given a dose of lidocaine, they "forgot" how to be startled by a flashing light. The therapist can also teach the patient to control the phobia using deep breathing. This method is called exhalation or desensitization therapy and involves increasing exposure to dangerous situations.

Regression therapy focuses on how past experiences and conflicts caused phobias. By studying them, therapists believe that sufferers can be freed from the trigger that caused the phobia. Sam Cartwright-Hatton, a clinical psychologist at the University of Manchester, says: Phobias almost always develop in childhood. The vast majority do not experience any traumatic experiences.

The beautiful butterflies of the Urals can be conditionally used as environmental indicators. Butterflies are sensitive to the slightest changes in nature and, thanks to their bright colors, are excellent indicators of their condition. environment. The richer our area is in various species of butterflies and the greater their numbers, the healthier natural environment. Swallowtail

Her research shows that some children tend to be apprehensive and are more likely to "learn" the phobia by raising the fear of a parent or sibling. "Phobias are still not taken seriously by health professionals, but they can become serious if left untreated," adds Dr Cartwright-Hatton.

“People will go to extraordinary lengths to avoid what they fear.” In her profession she is known as a lepidopterist, a person who collects or studies butterflies or moths. And she is one courageous woman who, without any remorse, pursues her passionate hobby of stalking and studying moths or moths into dangerous territory.

Butterflies

The science of butterflies is called lepidopterology.

Since ancient times, butterflies have been associated with beauty and eternity. IN Ancient Greece the butterfly was a symbol of the immortality of the soul, and in India it is a sign of fidelity and love, so lovers give it to each other at a wedding. IN South-East Asia There is a sign that says that a butterfly flying into a house is lucky.

Equipment includes a light trap and white sheet, mercury lamp power 165 watts. A sheet stretches between the trees and a lamp hangs above it. This attracts a large number of butterflies, allowing it to take notes and photographs. A pioneer among a handful of women in the field, Shubhalaxmi's passion has paid off handsomely - she has recorded 419 moth species in Maharashtra and 500 in Arunachal Pradesh in the last 10 years.

Recognized as India's first female lipopterist studying the most elusive, shy and least studied insect on the Indian subcontinent, it is hard to imagine that Shubalaxmi had a phobia for any insect in her younger days. My mother suffered from this too, so it was probably inherited!

Butterflies taste food with their paws. After bees, they are the ones that carry the most pollen.

The largest moth in the world is Attacus altas. Its wingspan is more than 30 cm, and it is often mistaken for a bird.

In addition to tropical butterflies, there are also lesser known ones - for example, arctic ones, with whitish or transparent wings. Some species even live on Canada's Queen Elizabeth Island, 750 km from the North Pole.

Most butterflies live only a few days. An exception is the Monarch butterfly, which can live up to 6 months, in addition, it can fly 1000 km without stopping.

Butterflies never sleep and they don't have lungs.

Some butterflies pretend to be dead when attacked by predators, while others are capable of reaching speeds of up to 50 km/h.

Scientists believe that some butterfly larvae can communicate with ants using sounds.

Butterflies are not as peaceful as they seem. They often fight for sunny areas of the earth.

Butterflies distinguish between red, green and yellow colors.

In China, South America and India, butterflies are eaten with pleasure.

There are clinics in Stockholm where patients are treated for stress in greenhouses with flowers and butterflies.

These mysterious and undeniably beautiful creatures are a source of poetic inspiration and have become the heroes of many myths and legends.

1.Butterflies belong to one of the largest groups of insects - Lepidoptera. In addition to these creatures, this group also includes moths and moths. At the moment, Lepidoptera numbers about 157,000 species of insects.

2. These unique creatures are the second largest pollinators after bees.

3.The science that studies butterflies is called lepidopterology.

4.Attacus aitas is considered the largest nocturnal butterfly. Its wingspan is about 30 cm and it is often confused with a bird.

5.The hardiest butterfly in the world is called “Monarch”. She can cover a distance of a thousand kilometers without stopping.

6.The maximum speed this little creature can reach is 12 miles per hour, but there are species that reach 50 km/h (31 mph).

7.The most amazing fact about these creatures is that butterflies need the sun's heat in order to fly.

8.4 butterfly wings are covered with scales, which are sacs with transparent ribbed walls. They fall off after a careless touch. me, and the wings look faded.

In fact, butterfly wings are transparent. The scales that cover the wing simply reflect sunlight and thereby give themselves color. In the rarest cases, butterfly scales are present in very small quantities or are completely absent.

9.The life cycle of these creatures consists of four phases: egg, caterpillar, pupa and adult (butterfly).

Eggs can have different shapes: from spherical and round to cylindrical and angular. It depends on the type of butterfly.

10. Interesting fact: a butterfly lays its offspring in one place for many years in a row.

11.Butterflies never sleep.

12. In some countries in Asia and South America, butterflies are considered a delicacy!

13.The most complex organ of these amazing creatures is the eyes. They are made up of 6,000 tiny parts called lenses.

14.The only continent where lepidopterans do not live is Antarctica.

15.Butterflies are ancient creatures. Their images are present on Egyptian frescoes, which are more than 3.5 thousand years old.

16. Butterflies have taste buds on their paws, i.e. standing on the plant, they can taste it.

17.Butterflies are one of the most common collecting objects among the most famous people in the world, such as: Nabokov, Rothschild, Bulgakov, Mavrodi.

18.The period during which the butterfly lays eggs lasts only a few days, but one individual can lay more than a thousand eggs.

19. Mostly all caterpillars live on land, but there is also a type of water caterpillar called broad-winged moth.

20. In general, most butterflies have a short life - only a few days. However, there are specimens with a rather long life cycle: the Brixton butterfly is a long-liver, its cycle lasts up to 10 months.

21. There is more than one species of these insects in the world, which can rightfully be considered the rarest. One of them is the Queen Alexandra's swallowtail, the largest butterfly on the planet.

It can only be found in Papua New Guinea and thanks to collectors, this species is on the verge of complete extinction.

22.Many butterflies have earned a place in the Red Book only due to their incredibly beautiful coloring, and some of these creatures are pests for agricultural crops.

23. There are several species of these beautiful creatures that do not eat at all during the entire imago cycle (the last stage of life). Such individuals live off the energy accumulated during the period when the butterfly was still a caterpillar.

24. In Russian, the word “butterfly” is derived from the word “baba”, since our ancestors believed that all witches become butterflies after death.

25. The smallest butterfly in the world is rightfully considered the “Blue Dwarf”, whose wingspan is only 1.4 cm.

26. In the tropical forests of the New and Old Worlds, there is a species of butterfly, the males of which feed on animal tears.

27.Butterflies are myopic!

28.These creatures can even distinguish colors, however, not all of them. Each species sees some of its own shades. So, for example, the cabbage bird sees red, but the satire does not distinguish it at all.

29. Peru and one Indian state, Sikkim, are considered the richest in the diversity of lepidopteran species.

30. It turns out that the secret of the butterfly is hidden precisely in its scales on its wings. They maintain temperature balance and also increase flightability.

31. The proboscis of a butterfly is a modified lower jaw, which is transformed into a sucking organ. But the butterfly caterpillar has quite strong jaws, thanks to which it can chew solid food.

32.The most common butterfly in Russia and Siberia is the Peacock eye. Thanks to its original pattern, it is difficult to confuse it with any other: the upper part of the wing has a cherry-brown color and an eye-shaped spot characteristic of this species, while the lower part is completely black-brown.

33.Butterflies are crepuscular creatures. Only some representatives of this group of insects are diurnal. Butterflies feed on nectar and other plant secretions containing sugar.

These creatures of incredible beauty amaze people at all times with their incredible variety of colors, bizarre shapes and intricate designs. Butterflies are born in order to die, giving life to a new generation first.

The science of butterflies is called lepidopterology.

Since ancient times, butterflies have been associated with beauty and eternity. In Ancient Greece, a butterfly was a symbol of the immortality of the soul, and in India it is a sign of fidelity and love, so lovers give it to each other at a wedding. In Southeast Asia there is a sign that says that a butterfly flying into a house is good luck.

Butterflies taste food with their paws. After bees, they are the ones that carry the most pollen.

The biggest moth in the world - Attacus altas. Its wingspan is more than 30 cm, and it is often mistaken for a bird.

In addition to tropical butterflies, there are also lesser known ones - for example, arctic ones, with whitish or transparent wings. Some species even live on Canada's Queen Elizabeth Island, 750 km from the North Pole.

Most butterflies live only a few days. An exception is the Monarch butterfly, which can live up to 6 months; in addition, it can fly 1000 km without stopping.

Butterflies never sleep and they don't have lungs.

Some butterflies pretend to be dead when attacked by predators, while others are capable of reaching speeds of up to 50 km/h.

Scientists believe that some butterfly larvae can communicate with ants using sounds.

Butterflies are not as peaceful as they seem. They often fight for sunny areas of the earth.

Butterflies distinguish between red, green and yellow colors.

In China, South America and India, butterflies are eaten with pleasure.

There are clinics in Stockholm where patients are treated for stress in greenhouses with flowers and butterflies.

In the animal world

• Dogs

  Of all the animals, dogs were the earliest to be domesticated by humans. The first domestic dogs appeared about 10 thousand years ago.
• To your pet was healthy and pleased you with his presence for as long as possible, provide for your dog proper nutrition.
• The newlyweds begin to live under the same roof and lead a common life, but are not yet ready to have children. Having a four-legged friend in the house will help you overcome the fear of responsibility for the birth of a child.
• The pet supply industry today has a huge amount of cat food available. industrial production. Are all the foods presented healthy for pets and, finally, which cat food is best?
• When starting a conversation about raising a puppy, I would like to first of all advise: have patience, patience and more patience. If you give in to the little sly one at least once, he will remember for a long time that the owner can be moved to pity, begged, and ultimately over-stubborn.
• Modern doctors note the role of animals in the home as a positive emotional factor.
• To be happy, a dog needs its owner and his love. But what does he need for health? We will tell you how to provide your friend with first aid.
• Before you start training your dog, study its character and habits. A dog must love its owner and trust him.
• The domestication of a dog became one of the steps in the “humanization of man,” because it freed him from the animal instinct of listening to the dangerous silence of the night, giving him the opportunity to sleep peacefully and even think.
• The aquarium brings a lot of positive emotions into our lives. Contemplation of this mini-reservoir and its inhabitants helps us relax, restore peace of mind, take your mind off the hustle and bustle and get into a philosophical mood. If you would like to have a small piece underwater world at home - these tips are for you.
• If you are going to travel with your four-legged friend, make sure in advance that you have a special document - a veterinary passport.
• So, you’re tired of hearing every day: “Well, buy a dog...” It’s decided! There will be a puppy in the house. But before you get a dog, give yourself a strength test.
• Seems cute furry animal should only call positive emotions. For this to really happen, be patient.
• So, you have decided to start an aquarium. Commendable! Watching bright fish gliding smoothly one after another is such a pleasure!
• Waterbirds, herons and hammerheads, often sit on the heads of hippopotamuses and calmly engage fishing, and if fishing is unsuccessful, they peck parasites from their gigantic friends.
• As scientists have found, female butterflies choose those males who are younger and have not yet had contact with the opposite sex. The wings of such lucky ones glow in ultraviolet rays much brighter than those of the old ones.
• Contrary to popular belief, camels have fat in their humps, not water, which helps lower body temperature and protects the animal from overheating. This fat is considered a delicacy in many countries.

• Parrots

  In the city of Darwin in Australia, parrots eat nectar from a plant, which causes them to become intoxicated and fall while flying.

• Wolves

  Wolves are pack animals. Each pack consists of several wolf families - a parent pair and grown-up young animals. All behavior of the pack is subject to strict discipline and a clear hierarchy.

• frogs

  There are 555 species of real frogs in the world, and their closest relatives are representatives of the family of copepods, of which about 230 species have survived in nature.

• Penguins

  The penguin is the only bird that can swim but cannot fly. Penguins have the rare ability to stand upright due to the fact that their paws with leathery membranes are located at the very end of the body.

• The Bears

  Largest bear, which ever lived on earth, is a giant short-beaked bear. He was twice the size of modern bears. Scientists believe that it had very long legs, which allowed it to hunt antelope on the North American prairies.

• Owls

  Owls - predator birds They feed on mammals, other birds, insects and reptiles. There are species in Africa and Asia that exclusively eat other birds.

• Dolphins

  Dolphins swim in circles and always keep one eye on the lookout for predators to sneak up on them. After a certain period of time, they begin to swim in the opposite direction and observe with the other eye.

• Fish

  Fish can change sex due to water pollution. Around one third of fish in British waters have changed sex due to pollution caused by sewage systems.

• The bats

  Bats are one of the few animals that cannot become obese. They have such a fast metabolism that fruits and berries are digested in 20 minutes.

• Cats

  It has been proven that cats can distinguish colors, but at the same time they have color blindness, the same as in humans: red appears green to them, and vice versa.
• Slowness land turtles depends on the ambient temperature: at low temperatures, the movement of turtles slows down. The sex of individuals also depends on the temperature: at low temperatures, males appear in the nest, at high temperatures, females appear.

• Horses

  It is believed that the darker the color, the more resilient the horse. In the Russian cavalry, red horses were considered the most ardent, and black horses were considered the calmest. Gray horses are considered the most vulnerable. And horses with white or light skin are more tender and weaker than dark-skinned ones.

• Chameleons

  A chameleon is capable of changing the color of its body and even its individual parts depending on external stimuli - temperature, light, humidity, degree of satiety, thirst, fear.

• Monkey

  The pygmy marmoset is considered to be the smallest primate on Earth. Its size ranges from 11 to 15 centimeters, excluding the tail, which can reach 22 centimeters in length.

• Birds

  Turkeys can sense weather changes. Before bad weather, they begin to pluck themselves and straighten their feathers. The black swift can stay in the air for 2-4 years. During this time, he drinks, eats and even sleeps on the fly.

• Parrots

  Keas are predatory parrots that hunt sheep. Despite the fact that Steve Irwin worked with dangerous animals like crocodiles and snakes, he was terribly afraid of parrots.

• Jellyfish

  In Japan, jellyfish are bred in aquariums because it is believed that their smooth and leisurely movements help fight stress. Recently, the Japanese even invented robotic jellyfish, which, at the owner’s request, can “dance” to music.

• All about frogs

  Cocoi frogs living in the jungle South America and Colombia, were recognized as one of the most poisonous land animals on our planet. The poison of this frog is thousands of times stronger than potassium cyanide and 35 times stronger than the poison of the Central Asian cobra.

• Shellfish

  Starfish can feed without swallowing food. For example, when she encounters a mollusk, she grabs it and turns her lower stomach inside out. It penetrates the shell, envelops the soft parts of the mollusk and digests, and then the star simply draws in the contents.

• Kangaroo

  A kangaroo can produce four types of milk, depending on the age of the kangaroo, each type in its own nipple. In addition, a mother kangaroo can have two types of milk at the same time if she has babies of different ages.
• The black swift can stay in the air without landing for 2-4 years: it drinks, eats and sleeps on the fly. Young swifts, when they first take to the air, fly about 500 thousand kilometers.

• Koalas

  Translated from the language of one of the Australian tribes, “koala” means “not to drink.” Koalas almost never drink water: they get all the moisture they need from eucalyptus leaves - their only food.

• The most unusual animals

  The star-nosed mole is more reminiscent of a space alien, since it has a stigma in the form of 22 naked, moving tentacles.

• Jerzy

  Spines and curling into a ball are hedgehogs’ natural defenses against predators. However, she does not always help them. Some animals have learned to unwind this ball, and a fox, for example, rolls a hedgehog into the water so that it unwinds.

• All about sharks.

  Some divers have fun - swimming among sharks, which is safe when a person manages to lull the shark by patting the head and turning over on its back.

• Sounds of fauna

  Houseflies have good hearing. They all buzz in the key of F major. However, they live only 14 days.

• Fun facts about animals

  In Death Valley, the driest and hottest place on globe, lives over 15 species of birds, 40 species of mammals, 44 species of reptiles, 12 species of amphibians, 13 species of fish and 545 species of plants.

• Fun facts about animals

  If bat If she heard her own scream unreflected, she would have gone deaf. Therefore, before letting out a cry, the mouse emits a squeak, which causes the muscles of the hearing aid to tense, and it perceives its loud cry normally.

• Ticks

  Ticks are the second largest group of animals on our planet after insects; there are about a million species of them. Ticks, unlike insects, have no head, no chest, no abdomen, no wings, and all parts of the body are fused together, and there are not 6, but 8 legs.

• Hippology

  Among the horses that belonged to historical figures, Bucephalus is the most famous. Bucephalus allowed only Alexander the Great to sit on him. He lived for 30 years and died from stress after the Battle of Hydaspes. Alexander built a mausoleum for his horse.

• Misconceptions about animals

  While at the zoo, many are afraid to approach a camel, thinking that these animals spit when they don’t like something. However, everything in a camel is “arranged” in such a way as to conserve moisture, and it will not waste it in vain. If a camel gets angry, it does not spit, but kicks and bites.

• All about fish

  In total, there are 20,000 species of fish on Earth - this is about 50% of all modern vertebrates.

• Monkey

  The behavior of the male of some species of loris is quite interesting: he takes the cubs from the mother and carries them on himself, giving them only for feeding time.

• Amazing animals

  When meeting a female, the newt stands on its head and makes sharp swings of its tail to arouse her affection, and the beckoning crab cordially waves its giant right claw.

• All about crocodiles

  If a crocodile sneaks up to a giraffe at a watering hole and grabs its face, then the giraffe throws up its head and, like a crane, lifts the unlucky predator above the water.

• These amazing animals

  A hedgehog's spines are not only protection from predators, they are also a kind of shock absorber: falling from the second floor is not dangerous for this mammal.

• Heading

  There are about 3 thousand species of cockroaches in nature; their larvae develop from several months (Prusak) to 4 years (black cockroach).

• Animals at war

  Even during the First World War American physicist Robert Wood proposed using the fine hearing of seals to detect submarines.

The science of butterflies is called lepidopterology. During her short life, a female butterfly can lay more than 1,000 eggs. Butterflies are insects with complete metamorphosis, or holometamorphosis. Their life cycle includes four phases: Egg; Larva (caterpillar); Pupa; Adult insect (imago). Butterflies are insects with complete metamorphosis, or holometamorphosis. Their life cycle includes four phases: Egg; Larva (caterpillar); Pupa; Adult insect (imago). Atlas (A. atlas aurantica) - one of the “champions” in terms of wing area

Do butterflies have a heart? Yes, I have. Only not in the chest, but... in the abdomen. And their blood is not red, but green. It does not contain hemoglobin, and it does not carry oxygen, like in humans, but delivers it to all insect cells nutrients, various hormones and enzymes. The ability of butterflies to find “spouses” at great distances is amazing. Moths are especially famous for this: males of some species detect a female several kilometers away! The wings of the M. rethenor butterfly from the genus Morpho shine with iridescent colors. The male peacock eye (Eudia pavonia) has an exceptional sense of smell

Butterflies have become a hobby of many famous people. They were collected by Vladimir Nabokov, Mikhail Bulgakov, academician Ivan Pavlov, revolutionary Nikolai Bukharin, and the famous financier Walter Rothschild. Among our contemporaries, Andrei Makarevich and the Mavrodi brothers, owners of one of the largest collections in Russia, drew attention to butterflies. Vladimir Nabokov discovered 20 species of butterflies and gave them names. And he donated his collection of 4,324 copies to the Zoological Museum of the University of Lausanne. Butterflies have become a hobby of many famous people. They were collected by Vladimir Nabokov, Mikhail Bulgakov, academician Ivan Pavlov, revolutionary Nikolai Bukharin, and the famous financier Walter Rothschild. Among our contemporaries, Andrei Makarevich and the Mavrodi brothers, owners of one of the largest collections in Russia, drew attention to butterflies. Vladimir Nabokov discovered 20 species of butterflies and gave them names. And he donated his collection of 4,324 copies to the Zoological Museum of the University of Lausanne. The lilac moth (Naxa seriaria) is capable of taking off from the surface of the water. The South American nymphalid (Hamadryas feronia) loudly flaps its wings.

The Red Book serves as the scientific and directive basis for organizing the protection of rare and endangered butterfly species. Thus, 70 species of Lepidoptera belonging to 14 families are included in the IUCN Red List. The first Red Book of Russia, published in 1983, included 12 species of butterflies. Two years later, the Red Book of the USSR was published with a list of 105 species of Lepidoptera. In 1999, a new list of endangered animals in Russia was published, which included 33 species of butterflies. Queen Alexandra's ornithoptera (Ornithoptera alexandrae). One of the rare species that is in danger of extinction. Despite restrictions on trade in this species, the unofficial cost of a pair of butterflies among collectors can reach US dollars or more. Swallowtail

Butterflies of the Yugyd Va National Park The first lepidoptera in the mountain-forest belt of the Yugyd Va National Park can be found already at the end of May. These include urticaria, lemongrass, and algae. There are mourning flowers, noctuid moths, and, less often, multiflora. In June, butterflies of a new generation appear. In meadows and forest edges, carnivals from the blueberry family are abundant. Potted whites flutter under the crown of birches. Bright symbols of spring are dawn or aurora butterflies with cheerful orange spots on their wings, visible from afar. Friendly groups of garden whites - rutabaga, cabbage, and turnips - gather around the thawed areas. Dawn butterfly Peat bog blueberry Urticaria

In the park, cocoon moths are represented by four species: raspberry, downy, pine and hawthorn. During the day, large brown butterflies, the birch silkworm, fly over the crowns. This species is included in the list of rare and endangered insects of the Komi Republic. The first moths appear in June. They got their name because of the way the caterpillars of this species move. Outwardly, this is similar to measuring distance using fingers (spans). Representatives of the family are diverse. The birch moth became a kind of indicator of clean air, thanks to which it became famous in the 19th century. It has been observed that the color of its wings becomes dark in industrial areas where tree trunks are covered with soot. Butterflies living in the birch forests of the national park are light-colored, and this may indicate the absence of air pollution in its territory. During this period of summer you can meet large and very beautiful butterflies from the family Saturnia, or peacock-eye. The national park is home to two species: the rufous night peacock eye and the lesser night peacock eye.

In the evenings, various scoops or moths fly - the most numerous representatives of Lepidoptera. Five species from the corydalis family were found in the deciduous and mixed forests of the national park: greater harpy, willow, zigzag, carmelite, silver hole. The caterpillars of a number of corydalis are distinguished by their bright colors. Since July, various mother-of-pearls have been flying in the meadows: Selena, violet, Titania, and small marigold. Less common are mother-of-pearl meadowsweet, Aglaya, and early checkerwort. A characteristic representative of the Ural fauna is the alpine mother of pearl (Tor). Unusual in the polar regions are Laton's mother-of-pearl and Evgeniy's mother-of-pearl, which is listed in the Red Book of the Komi Republic. Its biology has not yet been studied. In the evenings, various scoops or moths fly - the most numerous representatives of Lepidoptera. Five species from the corydalis family were found in the deciduous and mixed forests of the national park: greater harpy, willow, zigzag, carmelite, silver hole. The caterpillars of a number of corydalis are distinguished by their bright colors. Since July, various mother-of-pearls have been flying in the meadows: Selena, violet, Titania, and small marigold. Less common are mother-of-pearl meadowsweet, Aglaya, and early checkerwort. A characteristic representative of the Ural fauna is the alpine mother of pearl (Tor). Unusual in the polar regions are Laton's mother-of-pearl and Evgeniy's mother-of-pearl, which is listed in the Red Book of the Komi Republic. Its biology has not yet been studied. Perlamutrovka Evgenia

Large white hawthorns often feed on meadow flowers. Numerous in the park are the black marigolds: ligea, euryale, embla. Unlike other butterflies, nigellas are not afraid of cloudy weather and often fly in the drizzling rain. The Northern and Subpolar Urals are perhaps the last place where the number of the swallowtail butterfly does not yet cause concern. This beautiful and large sailboat from the cavalier family has become rare in territories developed by humans. Swallowtail is recognizable - yellow with a bright pattern consisting of a black border and noticeable bluish spots. A luxurious decoration of the fauna of the national park is the admiral - velvety black on top, a red stripe on the front wings, the same border on the hind wings, the corners of the front wings with white spots. The well-dressed admiral is a real celebrity. The butterfly became famous throughout the world thanks to its fearless flights across the Atlantic. In the Subpolar Urals you can meet this tireless traveler regularly. There is a version that they successfully overwinter here. Large white hawthorns often feed on meadow flowers. Numerous in the park are the black marigolds: ligea, euryale, embla. Unlike other butterflies, nigellas are not afraid of cloudy weather and often fly in the drizzling rain. The Northern and Subpolar Urals are perhaps the last place where the number of the swallowtail butterfly does not yet cause concern. This beautiful and large sailboat from the cavalier family has become rare in territories developed by humans. Swallowtail is recognizable - yellow with a bright pattern consisting of a black border and noticeable bluish spots. A luxurious decoration of the fauna of the national park is the admiral - velvety black on top, a red stripe on the front wings, the same border on the hind wings, the corners of the front wings with white spots. The well-dressed admiral is a real celebrity. The butterfly became famous throughout the world thanks to its fearless flights across the Atlantic. In the Subpolar Urals you can meet this tireless traveler regularly. There is a version that they successfully overwinter here. Nigella banded Admiral vulgare Meadow jaundice

At the end of July - beginning of August, one of the most beautiful butterflies of the national park, the phoebus swallowtail, flies in the subalpine meadows. The sailboat Phoebus flies only in clear weather. Phoebus caterpillars develop mainly on rosea radiola. And if this plant, undergoing poaching, decreases in number, then this may cause a decrease in the number of this butterfly, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. The phoebus swallowtail has a very unique fauna of lepidoptera in the north of the national park in the Kozhim River basin. Some Siberian species are numerous here: Marigold magna, Angara mother of pearl. Marbled nigella is very rare. It is common to find marigold Norna, Polyxena, northern, Rossa, Euryale, Ligeia, Embla and some other species in tundra places. An interesting representative of the Urals is the Alaskan mother of pearl. Large forest pearl

In the high-altitude lichen tundra there are very few diurnal butterflies. Among the rocks, the Alpine whitefish (Calliditsa) and the Melissa marigold still live. Alpine whiteweed is not afraid of cold northern winds and rains. You can observe how even in stormy weather these butterflies continue to feed on the nectar of flowers. Male lemon balm exhibits pronounced territorial behavior. Usually the male sits, hiding on the rocks, but when another male appears in the air, he abruptly takes off and rushes after him in pursuit. Marigold Melissa Alpine whiteweed

The beautiful butterflies of the Urals can be conditionally used as environmental indicators. Butterflies are sensitive to the slightest changes in nature and, thanks to their bright colors, are excellent indicators of the state of the environment. The richer our area is in various species of butterflies and the greater their numbers, the healthier the natural environment. Swallowtail

Material from the id104 team Endemics - creative tour of preschool educational institution in Biology 2007 "Unfamiliar biology"

A beautiful word? A lepidopterist is a person who studies butterflies. The name of the profession, like the word lepidopterology - the science of butterflies, comes from the Latin lepidoptera - butterfly. Lepidopterologists are interested in questions of the biology of Lepidoptera, their physiology, definition, taxonomy and other features of representatives of this order of insects. Lepidopterists often combine their work with the profession of ecologist, geographer or ornithologist. A person who is simply interested in butterflies is called a lepidopterist. To become a lepidopterist, you need to graduate from the biology department of a university and work in the entomology department.

Another scientist - Ershov, Nikolai Grigorievich - Russian lepidopterologist, b. April 23, 1837 in Moscow, died March 12, 1896 in St. Petersburg, .; He received his secondary education in St. Petersburg. At his father’s request, he remained a merchant, but attended lectures on zoology and chemistry at the Medical-Surgical Academy and worked at the Zoological Museum Imp. acad. Sci. While still at the boarding school, under the leadership of Menetrie, he studied mainly Russian Lepidoptera. Ershov is famous for having collected one of the best collections on butterflies, most of which he donated to the Zoological Museum Imp. acad. Sci. E. took an active part in the affairs of the Russian entomological society. Of the numerous scientific works of E., they deserve special attention: “Catalog of Lepidoptera Russian Empire"(together with Field, St. Petersburg, 1869); "Travel to Turkestan by A.P. Fedchenko. Lepidoptera" (M., 1874).

There is a Gallery of Russian lepidopterologists on the Internet and neighboring countries: http://jugan2.narod.ru/index.html, where you can meet colleagues and like-minded people.

Few people know, but Vladimir Nabokov was not only a writer, but also a lepidopterologist, and in his books he rather harshly assessed the state of butterfly science in Russia and abroad. Nabokov's butterflies are mentioned in the books "The Gift" and "Other Shores." He criticizes another famous writer Aksakov for the book “Collecting Butterflies” he wrote, but in the opinion of Yu. P. Korshunov (another of our lepidopterist scientists) it is unfounded. The very fact of the existence of criticism regarding books about butterflies between writers shows that this is an exciting and popular hobby concerns not only specialist entomologists, eccentrics like Paganel Jules Verne, but also many other people.

In his book "Other Shores" Nabokov writes about Russian lepidopterology as "almost non-existent<…>under the Soviets." In fact, there was no basis for such a sad conclusion. In addition to the popular science publications mentioned above, since the 18th century, materials were regularly published in Russia under the auspices of the Academy of Sciences, the Moscow Society of Natural Scientists was very active, then the Russian Entomological Society. Vladimir Nabokov was aware of these publications, wrote about it, but believed that 1917 stopped everything.

Naturally, the years of devastation affected business, but the specialists and main collections were preserved. And just in the 20-30s there was a special surge for many publications, especially applied ones. Guides for general and individual groups of insects were published, the series “Fauna of Russia” and then “Fauna of the USSR”. Research on lepidoptera continued and developed at the Zoological Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Great specialists N. Ya. Kuznetsov, N. N. Filipev, A. A. Yakhontov, P. P. Sushkin, S. S. Chetverikov, V. and I. Kozhanchikovs, A. S. Danilevsky and others worked quite actively, using different techniques, including the most advanced ones. Aksakovsky "Collecting butterflies" new life received in 1938, when the publishing house "Children's Literature" published the book "Butterflies": "an abbreviated and revised story for children of younger and middle age by S. T. Aksakov "Collecting Butterflies" (afterword and captions to the tables by N. N. Plavilshchikov, drawings in the text by G. Orlov. Pages 88 and 15 color tables, circulation 25,300 copies"). Unfortunately, both this and other books about butterflies (A. A. Yakhontov “Our Daytime Butterflies”, M. Uchpedgiz, 1935; S. D. Lavrov “Our Caterpillars”, M. Uchpedgiz, 1938) were prevented from serving properly by the war.

The war years, the years of denying genetics, of course, affected business, as did poor funding and poor printing, but enthusiasts were not transferred to Rus'. Currently, lepidopterology continues to develop, new books, atlases and albums dedicated to Lepidoptera and all are published annually around the world. more people is passionate about studying these amazing, gentle creatures.

Why? Because butterflies are just very beautiful.

when creating the article, we also used (pre-read :)) information from Wikipedia, dictionaries and reference books on biology,

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