Board cedar, aspen and pine - learning to distinguish between varieties and read the markings. Wood materials from pine and cedar: how to distinguish between them? How to distinguish a rounded pine log from a cedar

Cedar, pine, spruce - trees, by definition, belonging to the Pine family. However, despite the external similarity, these plants have a number of significant differences.

Places of growth

Cedars have grown in the subtropical climate zone of the Mediterranean, the mountainous Crimea and the Himalayas. In accordance with the name of the area where the tree grows, it is customary to divide it into types: Lebanese, and so on. Pines spread in the temperate subtropical climate of Eurasia, North America. Scientists identify about 200 varieties of pines. Spruces and pines are evergreen trees. Living conditions create different forms of a plant from a bush to trees with large crowns.

Characteristics

Monoecious cedar plant reaches 50 m in height, evergreen, it has an impressive spreading crown. Spiral needles are collected in bunches. Each needle resembles a needle, it is triangular in emerald-steel color.

Pine is also a monoecious plant with short or long needles. The bundle consists of two to five needles. If the tree is damaged, sockets begin to form on it, short needles grow out of them. Their color depends on the climate, the composition of the soil and varies from light silver to rich green.

Cedar cones are located singly, with candles, have a barrel-shaped shape. The cone matures in the second or third year of formation. Pine cones are oblong, hanging from the branches. Spruce also has needle-like, but shortened needles. The roots of this tree do not go deep, but are located on the surface layers, spruce requires fertile and moist soil.

The difference between spruce and pine is that pine is photophilous, and spruce is shade-tolerant. Pollination of the first and second species occurs with the help of wind. Pine has been widely used in the economy, its wood is a valuable material for carpentry and construction, it is used as fuel. This tree is a raw material for the extraction of tar, resin and turpentine.

General conclusions regarding differences

The number of varieties of pine and spruce was dozens of times greater than the number of cedar species. The area of ​​\u200b\u200bgrowth of pine is much wider than that of cedar. Morphological features and the variability in size in pine is also much more varied. The cedar bundle consists of more needle needles. Pine is less capricious in the choice of soil, its long powerful roots go deep into the ground, which means that the tree can feed on moisture and useful substances located in the deep layers of the earth.

If you need reliability and durability, then you can use different breeds wood, which are well suited for certain operating conditions. An option such as a cedar floorboard is used for rooms with high humidity, although this breed can be used in any rooms and even outside, since the material has a number of positive properties, which we will discuss in this review.

Material characteristics

As for the main indicators, here it is necessary to highlight several of the most significant factors:

Based on all the above indicators, we can conclude that the material is very light. And its resistance to moisture is very high. It should also be noted that cedar is a soft wood species, which limits its use in load-bearing structures and other elements subjected to high loads.

Important!
It should be noted that other material is often sold under the guise of cedar, so below we will tell you how to distinguish the real version.

Differences of the considered option and the scope of its application

Cedar is one of the materials that are in steady demand and have been used in the decoration of residential and other premises since ancient times, but nowadays it is very difficult to find the original version on the market, so first of all we will tell you how not to make a mistake when choosing.

How to distinguish a cedar

We note right away that this type of tree grows in a subtropical climate and in our country is found only in the region Crimean peninsula, the bulk of the harvested wood is of Asian origin. As for the overwhelming volumes of material of this type sold in our country, then this is a cedar pine, which grows in Siberia and has a rather mediocre relation to real cedar.

That is why the question is how to distinguish cedar board from pine, is very important and requires special attention.

A simple instruction will help you with this:

• Price will be the most important factor., since the delivery of material from Lebanon or the Himalayas in itself costs a lot, and if the difference in cost with pine is even 50%, then most likely it is the Siberian analogue in front of you. Never listen to sellers who claim that cedar pine is a cedar that grows in Siberia, as this is not true, and many specialists do not even know about it;
• If an unedged board is used, then you can pay attention to the bark, in cedar it is thinner, while it differs in its texture from ordinary pine;
• As for the color, most often the material has a pink tint, sometimes there are options that are closer to beige, but this is the exception rather than the rule. The presence of yellowness and clearly traced wood fibers is the most clear sign the fact that in front of you is a cedar pine;

In the flora of Russia there are coniferous trees, which are commonly called cedars. The "cedar" Siberian will be discussed below. The word "cedar" is in quotation marks for a reason - in fact, this breed belongs to the botanical genus pine - Pinus, while real cedars belong to a completely different genus - Cedrus. In our country, in the wild state, there are no true cedars at all, and in landscaping they have a very limited use - only on Black Sea coast Krasnodar Territory because they are very thermophilic.

Botanical characteristics of Siberian pine

Siberian pine or cedar or Siberian cedar- Pinus sibirica Du Tour - large evergreen tree from the pine family (Pinoceae) 20-25 (up to 35) m high, with a dense crown. Trunk up to 1.5 m in diameter, with brownish-gray furrowed bark. In young trees, the bark is lighter and smoother. Shoots of two types: elongated and shortened. Young elongated shoots are reddish due to pubescence. root system well developed, consists of taproot and strong lateral roots.
The leaves are arranged on shoots in bunches of 5 needles (an important feature that distinguishes Siberian pine from ordinary pine, which has only 2 leaves in a bunch). Leaves-needles are narrowly linear, needle-shaped, triangular in cross section, from 5 to 12 cm long, dark green, with bluish stripes on the sides, formed by rows of stomata. The needle lives up to 6 years.
Plants are monoecious, that is, both male and female generative organs, collected in spikelets, develop on one individual. Pine, like all gymnosperms, does not have flowers and real fruits. Male spikelets are red, located at the base of elongated shoots, and female spikelets are purple, sitting 2-4 in their upper part. The pollen disperses in June, after which the male spikelets fall off. Fertilized ovules develop into seeds, and the entire female spikelet is transformed into a kind of organ - a cone, consisting of an axis to which woody light brown scales are attached.
In the axils of each scale, 2 seeds are placed. They mature in September of the year following fertilization. Mature cones are 5-8 (up to 13) cm long and 3-5 (up to 8) cm in diameter, do not open when ripe, but fall off entirely, along with the seeds. The seeds are dark brown, 10-12 cm long, they are called "pine nuts". The seeds are spread by the nutcracker, chipmunk, squirrel, sable and other forest animals. The yield of pine nuts in the most productive pine forests reaches 640 kg/ha. Abundant seed crops are repeated at significant intervals - 3-10 years.
Seeds during germination bring to the surface 10 large cotyledons. Cedar pine grows slowly throughout its life. Trees for the first time begin to produce seeds from 25-30 years old, if they grow in freedom, and in plantations - not earlier than from 50 years old. Siberian pine lives up to 500 (according to some sources up to 850) years.

Distribution of Siberian pine

Siberian pine range lies almost entirely within Russia, only the southern edge enters Mongolia and Kazakhstan. This forest species grows in about a third of the entire forest zone of our country. Cedar forests and forests with a noticeable participation of Siberian pine occupy 40,600,000 ha. They are common in the mountains and on the plains of the northeastern regions. European Russia(from the upper reaches of the Vychegda River), almost throughout the Western and Eastern Siberia. These forests are called dark coniferous taiga.
Siberian pine is shade-tolerant, frost-resistant, demanding on soil and air moisture. It prefers loam and sandy loam, although it can grow on rocks and even on sphagnum bogs.

Other related species of Siberian pine

The Siberian pine is very close to the dwarf pine - Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel, which is often called the Siberian dwarf pine. Many botanists, until recently, even considered elfin cedar a kind of Siberian pine.
Cedar elfin is a coniferous evergreen shrub with a curved trunk and creeping branches that rise above the soil surface by only 0.5-2 m. Less often it is a small tree 4-7 m high. Young shoots are densely pubescent with yellow-brown hairs. Needles 4-8 cm long, bluish-green, hard, triangular, with small notches along the edges, stay on the branches for 2-4 years.
Dwarf cones are formed in the same way as those of Siberian pine, they are extremely similar, but somewhat smaller - 3.5-4.5 cm long and 2.5-3 cm in diameter. They also develop two summer seasons. The cones of the first year, when the seeds have not yet grown in them, are reddish-purple, in the second year they turn brown and by the time the seeds ripen, that is, by autumn, they become dark brown. Seeds (they are also called "pine nuts") are about 8 mm long and 4-6 mm in diameter.
Cedar elfin is distributed throughout Eastern Siberia and Far East, from the Tunkinsky Goltsy and the Western Baikal region in the south-west of the range to the basin of the river. Anadyr in Chukotka, as well as in Kamchatka, Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands, in the Amur Region, Khabarovsk and Primorsky Territories. The total area occupied by elfin thickets in our country exceeds 24 million hectares. Outside of Russia, it is known in Japan, Korea, China, Mongolia.
Dwarf forms continuous, difficult to pass thickets on upper bound forests. It has a wide ecological amplitude, thanks to which it successfully grows in a wide variety of (often harsh) conditions - from sand deposits of river valleys and sea ​​coasts to peat bogs on permafrost and stone placers in the highlands. Able to form adventitious roots on branches in contact with the soil, and to give layering.
Like the Siberian pine, the seeds of the dwarf tree are called nuts in everyday life. They are a little smaller, but in terms of taste and nutritional qualities they are also rich in protein, sugars and the most valuable oil, which is of nutritional and technical importance. The yield of nuts in dense thickets reaches 200 kg/ha. Of these, you can prepare "nut milk" - a delicious nutritious drink containing vitamin B. The value of elfin pine nuts is especially high for regions where there are no other plants that produce edible nuts.
Wood is a very high-calorie fuel, often the only one for the inhabitants of the north-east of Russia. Among the indigenous population, infusions, decoctions and extracts from pine needles and dwarf twigs have long been considered the strongest antiscorbutic agent. Stlanik is an excellent shelter and important source nutrition of many valuable fur animals: squirrels, ermine, sable, etc.
IN folk medicine fir branches of elfin (“paws”) were used for therapeutic baths for rheumatism.

Economic use of Siberian pine

Siberian pine is one of the most economically valuable conifers. Its wood is soft, light, at the same time dense, strong enough. It is pinkish-yellow, beautiful in texture, with a pleasant smell, easy to process, well polished. Cedar pine wood is valued as a building and ornamental material. It is used in housing construction for the construction of house walls and roofs, as well as for interior decoration. They make pencils out of it. Due to its good acoustic properties, Siberian pine wood is used for the manufacture of musical instruments.
However, sawing cedar pine for the sake of wood is an act close to a crime. This tree is one of the most valuable wild food plants. Seeds (“pine nuts”) are used for food, which combine excellent taste and nutritional qualities. Nut kernels contain fatty oil (up to 28%), proteins (more than 8%), starch (up to 5.5%), vitamins A, B, E, phosphorus salts, trace elements (manganese, copper, zinc, iodine). Nuts are consumed fresh, used for pressing oil from them by cold pressing, which is close in quality to the best varieties of almond and Provence, which has found wide demand not only in cooking, but also in the canning industry and medicine. Nut cakes are used in the confectionery industry in the manufacture of cakes, pastries, halva and other products.
Lower quality oil, obtained from pine nuts by hot pressing or solvent extraction, is mainly used for technical purposes: it is used in soap making, in the production of varnishes and varnishes. After additional refining, this oil is also suitable for food consumption.
Found practical use and pine nut shells. They make of it Activated carbon, whose adsorption capacity is 2 times higher than birch, which is considered (and quite rightly) the best. From the shell get good brown paint for the skin.

Medicinal value of Siberian pine and methods of therapeutic use

Medicinal use have different parts of the Siberian pine. Its needles contain valuable essential oil, vitamin C, carotene (provitamin A), so the infusion of needles or "cedar feet" (young sprigs) is used as an antiscorbutic agent. The resin from the trunks is rightly called "resin" for its ability to heal wounds. In Rus', resin was used to treat purulent wounds, ulcers, boils, burns and cuts.
Experts say that even a neglected gastric ulcer can be quickly cured with life-giving resin. The viscous amber resin is kept in the mouth, licked off with the tongue, or water infusions are made. Bleeding wounds filled with sap are healed and begin to heal already on the second day. But an ulcer is also a wound, only on the wall of the stomach.

The resin of the cedar tree is very drying.
If we anoint our face with that resin, a sign happens on the cream after smallpox,
and tacos not signs are smoothed and the face will become clean.

The resin is mixed with fresh honey and diluted with some kind of drink, and a little salt is mixed with that, and then we give drink to those who are stung by creeping reptiles, and the disease from the stomach (stomach) will come out and the splenic ulcers will heal.

Cedar nuts are of great value, and not only as a delicious product.
At present, scientists have found that pine nuts contain various substances that help maintain high performance, improve blood composition, human growth, treat tuberculosis, kidney diseases, and anemia.
From pine nut shells, Russian manufacturers produce alcohol solutions that are used in the treatment of arthritis, gout, articular rheumatism, diseases of the stomach, liver, as well as leukemia, hemorrhoids. In addition, this effective remedy for cleaning the body, removing radionuclides.
Pine nut oil, in addition to being highly nutritious, dietary, healing, also has cosmetic properties. It perfectly combines environmentally friendly fats, carbohydrates and a complex of vitamins, as well as microelements. All this has a positive effect on human well-being and life expectancy.

cedar nuts- a medicine known since antiquity. Back in the 18th century Academician P.S. Pallas, who visited Siberia with an expedition, noted that pine nuts restore male strength, restore youth to a person. The most popular milk is made from nucleoli: they are ground, gradually adding water. A fragrant white emulsion is formed, which significantly raises the tone, causing a surge of strength and vigor. You can drink 2-3 tea cups a day.

A decoction and tincture of pine nut shells are used for hemorrhoids, uterine bleeding and blood diseases, especially leukemia.

The shells of naturally dried nuts are poured into a dark bottle to the level of the “shoulders”, without tamping, pour vodka up to the cork and insist in a warm, dark place for 8-10 days. Take 1 teaspoon before meals 3-4 times a day.
Cedar is ruled by the Sun and is healing for those born under the sign of Leo.

Coniferous wood materials, due to their characteristics, are widely used in the construction of not only houses and baths, but also in the construction of gazebos and other objects. Such material is also highly popular in interior decoration, for example, lining is the most popular material for bath decoration. However, it is worth noting that conifers are different.

The properties of pine and cedar are very similar in many ways, but there are still differences. Pine is highly susceptible to desiccation, making it less durable material, and after drying, strong, deep furrows appear. If we consider cedar from the point of view of finishing, then we can note many positive aspects. The main ones can be called: the preservation, for a long time, of the original appearance and beneficial effects on the human body.

Having decided to build houses from cedar, choosing a material, in order not to be deceived by the consumer, it is necessary to know the differences between coniferous materials. After all wooden house depending on the material used will have different characteristics.

The main differences between cedar and pine are:

• Cedar (average) is several times higher than pine;
• This breed wood has a longer lifespan, up to 800 years, unlike pine which lives up to 120 years.
• Flowering in cedar also occurs later than pine;
• The cedar has a small number of furrows, unlike the pine.
• Cedar is a more porous tree (like a cork), thus its thermal conductivity is 30% less than that of pine, which means that a 30 cm cedar log will keep heat as well as a 40 cm diameter pine log.

In addition, cedar has a warm shade of pinkish tone, and over time it acquires a reddish color. Hand-cut log cabins have a pleasant, light aroma, which has a number of medicinal properties. The most popular type of cedar is Altai. Growing in the Altai Mountains. It is this type of wood that has a unique shade and aroma incomparable with any other Siberian cedar.

Often, hand-cut houses are made from Canadian wood, as it has dark tones that can be remotely compared to a brown or red tint. This type of wood practically does not emit active, healing elements. The smell also has a weak, but at times stronger than pine, but inferior to the position Siberian cedar. This material will be optimal for the construction of a bath from a gun carriage.

A house made from Far Eastern cedar material will have a color somewhere between red and brown. This material is rather weak amber, but in terms of strength it is not inferior to Siberian cedar. Unlike pine, relatively shallow furrows appear on this material when it dries out.

Cedar and pine are two trees that belong to the same Pine family. Despite the external similarity, both plants have a number of significant differences.

What is cedar and pine

Cedar- This is a genus of trees of the Pine family, which consists of only a few species.
Lebanese cedar
Pine- This is a genus of trees of the Pine family, with about 120 species.
Scotch pine
Siberian cedar pine

Comparison of cedar and pine

What is the difference between cedar and pine?
Cedars are common within the subtropical climate zone– Mediterranean, mountainous Crimea, Himalayas. Therefore, there are only a few species of these plants - the Lebanese, Himalayan and Atlas cedar.
Pine trees are common in temperate and subtropical climates in Eurasia and North America. Today on Earth there are about 200 species of pines. Pines are evergreens. Depending on the living conditions, they look like large trees with a crown different shapes, and miniature shrubs.
Cedar is a monoecious plant, reaching 50 meters in height. The tree is evergreen, has a characteristic, spreading crown. The needles are arranged in a spiral, collected in bundles of 30-40 pieces each. A separate needle resembles a needle. It can be triangular or tetrahedral, painted in a special emerald-steel color.
Pine is a monoecious plant with long or short needles. From two to five long needles are collected in a bundle, the number of which underlies the taxonomy of pines. When damaged, rosettes form on the tree, from which short needles grow. The color of the green mass of pine depends on the climate and the quality of the soil, therefore it varies from light silver to intense green.
Cedar cones are located singly, "stick out" like candles, and have a special barrel-shaped shape. Such a cone matures in the second or third year of its formation. This organ of seed incubation is characterized by the presence of numerous, spirally arranged scales, to which tiny scales are attached - only 15% of the total weight of the cone! - winged seeds. The embryo of the future cedar consists of 8-10 cotyledons. When a seed enters the ground, a sprout of a new cedar is able to grow - “hatch” in just 3 weeks.
Pine cones have a characteristic oblong shape, do not "stick out", but sadly hang from the branches. While the process of seed maturation is in progress, the scales fit very tightly, but when ripe, they open, “releasing” the seeds. Each scale has a pair of winged or wingless seeds. A very small pine germ has 4 to 15 cotyledons. Germination time depends on the type and geographical location of the plant.
Thanks to more widespread and the number of species, pine is more intensively used by humans.

TheDifference.ru determined that the difference between cedar and pine is as follows:

The number of pine species is ten times greater than the number of cedar species.
The area of ​​distribution of pine is much wider than that of cedar.
The morphology and size of pine is much more diverse than that of cedar.
There are more needles in a cedar bunch than in a pine one.
Pine massifs have more economic importance for humanity.