09.03.2020
Presentation "protected places of the Belgorod region." Along the paths of the Belogorye Veidelevskaya Steppe Nature Reserve
They live in high hollows in forests the bats, squirrels, stone martens. Yellow-throated mice, bobcats and bush voles live in old stumps and root hollows. Shrews hide in the forest floor. Foxes and badgers feed themselves in the area of high-trunk areas. Roe deer and moose feed on euonymus, and wild boars stay throughout the winter in good years. The age-old oak grove is dominated by jackdaws, woodpeckers, rollers, sparrows, swifts, nuthatches, and tawny owls. A colony of gray herons lives in the central part. Black kites make their home nearby. A large colony of rooks lives in an area of tall oak grove. White storks nest on the forest edge oak trees. Bark beetles, longhorned beetles, and borers live in the bark of dying trees. There are many insects and forest pests. On the edges of the forest, ungulates graze at night and white hare. IN sunny days A mass of bees, bumblebees, and butterflies flies over the flowers. In the southern part of the reserve, burrows of badgers, foxes, and raccoon dogs are found. Corncrakes, thrushes and marsh warblers hatch chicks in thickets of willow and reeds. Various frogs and toads live in swampy areas.
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Specially protected natural areas Belgorod region Prepared by: Rozhnova V.M.Slide 2
The Belogorye Nature Reserve, created in 1979, is located in the Belgorod region in an area of untouched oak forests, as well as in meadow-steppe areas where bedrock and riverine rocky limestones are common, the latter in the form of cliffs. The Belogorye Nature Reserve includes the Forest on Vorskla, also a protected area created back in 1925. In 1999, the Belogorye Nature Reserve included 4 isolated clusters, 2 of which belonged to the Central Chernozemny Nature Reserve.
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Currently, the structure of the Belogorye nature reserve includes the following areas: the areas “Forest on Vorskla” and “Ostrasyevy Yary” in the Borisovsky district, “Bald Mountains” and “Yamskaya Steppe” near the city of Stary Oskol in the Gubkinsky district and “Walls of Izgorye” in the Novooskolsky district.
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Forest on Vorskla Forest on Vorskla, a nature reserve in the southwestern part of the Central Russian Upland, in the Belgorod region. Founded in 1925, it has existed within its current borders since 1979. The area is 1038 hectares, 990 hectares are occupied by forests. The relief is flat, slightly hilly, typical of the Central Russian forest-steppe. . The forest on Vorskla is a centuries-old oak grove of the Central Russian forest-steppe. About 500 plant species are registered in the reserve; it is characterized by both centuries-old oak forests and steppe vegetation, meadow steppes. Since the reserve is located in a densely populated area, the fauna of the reserve is not rich. In total, 45 species of mammals and 70 species of birds have been recorded. Characteristic species include wild boar, roe deer, elk, pine and stone martens, weasels, badgers, squirrels, foxes, and brown hare. Among the birds - gray heron, black kite, kestrel, tawny owl, hobby, roller, saker falcon. The raccoon dog is acclimatized.
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Relatively recently, the reserve was transferred from local to federal subordination. Neither more nor less – directly to the Ministry natural resources Russian Federation It is curious that in the 18th century the oak forest was preserved due to some paradox. On the one hand, during the time of Peter I, powerful oak trees were actively harvested for the construction of ships.
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The coat of arms and the main feature of the reserve are powerful old oak trees, 250-300 years old. These giants are visible from afar. Ash trees, maples, aspens and other shoots do not dare to come close to the powerful kings of the reserve.
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Yamskaya steppe Yamskaya steppe is part of the state biosphere reserve"Belogorye". The area of the reserve is 566 hectares, it is located 8 km from the city of Gubkin.
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More than 250 years ago, the virgin steppe with an area of 1,200 acres belonged to the residents of the Yamskaya settlement of Stary Oskol. Coachmen and pits (parking areas for changing horses on road routes) ensured the movement of government officials and mail. The settlement had its own lands used for grazing and haymaking. Their communal use contributed to the preservation of virgin lands. As a unique virgin corner of nature, the “Yamskaya Steppe” was discovered in 1921 by Professor V.V. Alekhine while studying the vegetation of the Kursk province. Since 1935, the site has become a protected area.
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There are about 500 plant species in the reserve. The main wealth of the protected area is the meadow steppes. Of particular value is the vegetation of meadow steppes on chalk outcrops. These are feathery feather grass, low sedge, chalk thyme and other species. There are also endemic plants (these are plants that grow only in this place and nowhere else). This is ephedra two-spikelet, Kozo-Polyansky breaker. All of them are relatives of mountain plants of Mongolia, southern Siberia and Southern Urals, such communities are called “reduced Alps”. Feather feather grass and chalky feather grass require special protection.
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Walls of Izgorye Reserved area federal significance Belogorye State Biosphere Reserve. Located on the left steep banks of the Oskol River between the villages of Peschanka and Tavolzhanka, 10 km from the city of Novy Oskol. Created by order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 17, 1995. The site includes an upland oak forest, black alder, a floodplain meadow with oxbow lakes and lakes, artificial plantings of black poplar, Scots pine, exposed chalk slopes of the southern and western exposures of Zhestovaya Gora and Tavolzhansky Log with relict groups of “reduced alps” and thyme forests, ravine slopes and the edges of the tract “ Walls”, covered with steppe groups and steppe meadows.
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The flora of the protected area includes about 700 species of vascular plants and 356 species of flowering plants. Of these, 9 are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, 46 in the Red Book of the Belgorod Region, including: some orchids, feather grass, onosma, Sophia wolfberry. Has a unique combination natural complexes: upland oak forest with chalk pine trees, feather grass steppes, chalk outcrops, swampy gray alder forests. This is the only place in Russia where you can find chalk pine, Altai wolfgrass, and chalk tar. The area of the site is 267 hectares.
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The wetlands and forests of the Stenki-Izgorye protected area are an important reserve for the conservation of animals, including nesting birds.
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Ostrasyevy Yary A new section of the reserve - the forest-steppe ravine "Ostrasievy Yary", or the Nizkoye tract (area 90 hectares), was created in 1995. It includes about 20 hectares of meadow steppe and an area of gully forest. About 400 species of vascular plants grow here. Among them are feather grass, various types of astragalus, Ukrainian flax, etc.
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Date of formation: 1924 Total area: 1038 hectares Protected zone: 488 hectares Location: Neighborhood of Borisovka village, on the right bank of the upper river. Vorskla Neighborhood of Borisovka, on the right bank of the upper river. Vorskla “Forest on Vorskla” is a state reserve, located on the right elevated bank of the river. Vorskla in the Borisov district of the Belgorod region. The central estate of the reserve is located 49 km along the highway to the fuse from Belgorod, 0.5 km from the regional center of Borisovka. Area - 1038.08 hectares. The forest on Vorskla is one of the few protected mountain oak forests in the southern forest-steppe. First protective status received back in the time of Peter 1. In 1925, a forest area on the steep and high right bank of the Vorskla River, one kilometer from the regional center of Borisovka, Belgorod region, was declared state reserve. The decree of Peter I on the conservation of forests assigned the forest near the Borisovka settlement to the Bryansk Admiralty with a ban on logging there “forever”, and until the 19th century, “Zakaznaya Rosha” was protected by horse-drawn nukers and a religious ban, since at the beginning of the 18th century. was transferred by the owner Count Sheremetev to security convent Tikhvin desert.
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The “Forest on Vorskla” site is a mountain oak grove located on the right high bank of the Vorskla River. The dominant tree species are English oak, common ash, Norway maple, small-leaved linden, and rough elm. European euonymus, warty euonymus, and field maple are common in the undergrowth. Somewhat less common: Tatarian maple, svidina, laxative buckthorn, rose hips. From rare species the noble liverwort, griffola umbellata and curly-haired liverwort are noted here. Buckthorn laxative Oak pedunculate Euonymus warty Photo gallery
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The fauna of the protected area is very diverse. Its avifauna is especially rich, numbering 50-60 nesting, 5-7 wintering and 10-20 visiting bird species, representing 14 orders. Of the mammals, the most abundant in the oak forest are, of course, small mouse-like rodents; In addition, some species of bats and insectivores are common here, as well as foxes, pine martens, European roe deer and some others. An integral part of the fauna of the oak forest are representatives of the classes Amphibians and Reptiles - 6-7 and 5-6 species, respectively. More than 2,500 species of insects have been registered in the Forest on Vorskla, including many rare ones (stag beetle, great green bronze beetle, Hungarian ground beetle, etc.) and about 300 species of arachnids. Hungarian ground beetle Pine marten European roe deer
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Total area: 566 hectares Protected zone: 1400 hectares (width 1 km) Location: 12 km southwest of the city of Gubkin The history of the Yamskaya steppe is connected with the history of the Yamskaya settlement in the city of Stary Oskol. Coachmen and pits (parking places for changing horses on road routes) were under the jurisdiction of the Tsar's Yamsky order and ensured the movement of government officials and mail. Stary Oskolskaya Yamskaya Sloboda, like Streletskaya and Kozatskaya, had its own granted lands, which were used for grazing and haymaking. There is a legend according to which the Yamskaya steppe was donated by Catherine II to the city coachmen of Stary Oskol. The communal use of these lands prevented their sale and contributed to the preservation of virgin lands to this day. The site was transferred to the Belogorye Nature Reserve from the Central Black Earth State Natural Biosphere Reserve named after Professor V.V. Alekhina in 1999.
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The most colorful of all the habitats of the Yamsky section of the steppe are on the plains, which cover almost the entire relatively flat, watershed area, except for large hollows and depressions, as well as islands of forest and groves. They occupy the predominant part of the territory - 402.4 hectares. The grass stand here has a complex structure, with several tiers. In July, up to 7 tiers can be distinguished in the steppe. Usually all plants are over 60 centimeters. The most tall plants tiers can reach one and a half meters or more, but such plants are few. Shrub thickets "Savanna" steppe Dubrava Kuchugury Photo gallery
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The fauna of amphibians and reptiles of the Yamsky site totals about 10 species, with 2-3 more reptile species. Among birds, in terms of density, ground-nesting inhabitants of open spaces undoubtedly predominate, but in terms of the number of species, the composition of representatives of the forest-edge complex is somewhat richer. Reservoirs have large area, due to frequent encounters in its immediate vicinity of a number of semi-aquatic and waterfowl species of birds. IN total On the site and adjacent territories, about 60 nesting, more than 50 migratory and vagrant, and about 10 wintering species were recorded. Agile lizard Fox Roe deer
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History of the creation of the reserve. The reserve was created in 1925 and until 1999 it consisted of one section “Forest on Vorskla”. In fact, from the beginning of the 18th century until the revolution, it was a private hunting reserve of the Sheremetev count family. Did not function during the Great Patriotic War; from 1951 to 1979 it was liquidated and existed as an educational base of the Leningrad State University, to which it was subordinated from 1934 to 1990. By Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR 312 it was restored on June 13, 1979. In 1999, the reserve included 4 more isolated clusters, including 2 transferred from the Central Chernozemny reserve. At the same time, the reserve received modern name"Belogorye". The reserve was created in 1925 and until 1999 it consisted of one section “Forest on Vorskla”. In fact, from the beginning of the 18th century until the revolution, it was a private hunting reserve of the Sheremetev count family. Did not function during World War II; from 1951 to 1979 it was liquidated and existed as an educational base of the Leningrad State University, to which it was subordinated from 1934 to 1990. By Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR 312 it was restored on June 13, 1979. In 1999, the reserve included 4 more isolated clusters, including 2 transferred from the Central Chernozemny reserve. At the same time, the reserve received its modern name “Belogorye”. "Central Black Earth"
Geographical position. Sites of the reserve are located in Borisovsky (sites "Forest on Vorskla" and "Ostrasyevy Yary"), Gubkinsky (sites "Bald Mountains" and "Yamskaya Steppe" near the city of Stary Oskol) and Novooskolsky (site "Walls of Izgorya") districts of the Belgorod region , on the southwestern edge of the Central Russian Upland. Sites of the reserve are located in Borisovsky (sites "Forest on Vorskla" and "Ostrasyevy Yary"), Gubkinsky (sites "Bald Mountains" and "Yamskaya Steppe" near the city of Stary Oskol) and Novooskolsky (site "Walls of Izgorya") districts of the Belgorod region , on the southwestern edge of the Central Russian Upland.
Vegetable world reserve. The modern vegetation cover of the reserve is the result of a long and complex history flora and vegetation forest-steppe zone. Although the territory of the modern Belgorod region was not subject to glaciation (it was located between two glacier tongues, the Dnieper and the Don), the cold breath of the glacier affected the formation of vegetation. Tertiary evergreen vegetation has hardly survived; taiga and subarctic species have migrated from the north. When the glacier retreated, the vacated areas were populated by alpine, mountain-steppe, meadow, and steppe remnants of pre-glacial steppes. Among the tree species, the most cold-resistant pine, birch, and partly spruce were the first to emerge from protected “shelters” in the south and form small forests among herbaceous vegetation. birch spruce pine
Subsequent waves of warming also caused waves of more heat-loving migrants from the south, including broad-leaved tree species and their satellites. The oak gradually replaced pine and birch, and at the end of the Holocene, a forest-steppe vegetation cover close to the modern one developed. Islands of broad-leaved species with a predominance of oak and mixed-grass steppes occupied approximately equal areas. Subsequent waves of warming also caused waves of more heat-loving migrants from the south, including broad-leaved tree species and their satellites. The oak gradually replaced pine and birch, and at the end of the Holocene, a forest-steppe vegetation cover close to the modern one developed. Islands of broad-leaved species with a predominance of oak and mixed-grass steppes occupied approximately equal areas.
In the depressions of the steppe gullies, the remains of a characteristic element of the forest-steppe “fair forests” have been preserved, where low oaks, maples and thorn shrubs, hawthorn, buckthorn, etc. grow. The floodplain of the Vorskla and its tributaries, directly adjacent to the territory of the reserve, is occupied by water meadows. In the coastal part and overgrown oxbow lakes there are many moisture-loving plants, and among them are acute and vesicular sedge, large and floating manna, reed-like two-tasseled grass, and beckmania. The central part of the floodplain is occupied by meadow communities with a predominance of foxtail, timothy, and awnless brome. There are species with slightly increased salt tolerance (halomesophytes), which is typical for floodplains of forest-steppe rivers. Among aquatic plants In Vorskla, floating pondweed, curly and pierced-leaved pondweed, and hornwort are common in Vorskla, forming thickets near the shores and in small creeks. The shore near the water is occupied by broad-leaved cattail, forest reed, and iris; thickets of reeds and calamus are typical. thorn water lily
Most of the animals living in the protected oak grove are typical of the forest-steppe fauna. Some of them, for example, the yellow-throated mouse, the oriole, the common dove, and the green woodpecker, are so closely related in their distribution to oak and its accompanying flora that their relationship can serve as a clear illustration of historically established biocenotic connections. The reserve is the only forest area in the Belgorod region, which has long been withdrawn from economic use, and plays exclusively important role in the conservation of the main complex of animals in upland oak forests. Birds that usually settle near homes appeared here and became numerous: brownies and tree sparrows, starlings, city and village swallows, jackdaws, rooks. Wildlife of the reserve. barn swallow sparrow
Vigorous human activity has influenced species composition even animals protected areas: once game animals such as red deer, beaver, and otter were exterminated. In our century, there were no roe deer, moose, wild boars or squirrels in the oak forest for a long time. On the other hand, man also enriched animal world oak forests are new to her species, primarily inhabitants of open spaces. In areas of arable land and meadows that are being introduced into forested areas, penetrated into the oak forests common vole, gray hamster, mole rat, quail, stonechat. Highly located hollows are inhabited by bats, squirrels, and stone martens. From bats In the reserve, the most numerous of the others are the rufous noctule, the dwarf pipistrelle and Nathusius's pipistrelle; the pond and water bats, long-eared bats, lesser noctules, and late and bicolored bats are more rare. Yellow-throated mice, bank voles and bush voles make nests in root hollows, old stumps, dead tree roots, or simply in the forest litter. They live on the forest floor small mammals shrews (common and small shrew, small and white-bellied shrews), which move freely in its thickness. In search of rodents, insects and heron chicks that have fallen from their nests, foxes and badgers visit high-stem areas. Where undergrowth and undergrowth with euonymus are abundant, roe deer and elk often feed, and in years when acorns are harvested, wild boars stay throughout the fall and winter. wild boars
In the reserve and its surroundings in different years and seasons, about 5.0 species of mammals, 149 species of birds, 6 species of reptiles, 9 species of amphibians were recorded. There are at least 15 species of fish in the Vorskla and its tributaries. The fauna of numerous insects here has not yet been sufficiently studied. Only a few species of large insects are listed in the Red Book of the USSR: the stag beetle, the hermit beetle, the swallowtail, Mnemosyne, the overflowing beetle, the podalirium, and the blue ribbon. mnemosyne beetle - deer moth
Achieved goals. The Forest on Vorskla Nature Reserve was created with the aim of protecting virtually the only remaining untouched tract of riverine oak forests, typical of the Central Russian forest-steppe. The remaining areas were created for the purpose of protecting the preserved meadow-steppe areas on the territory of the Belgorod region on outcrops of bedrock limestone and riverine rocky limestone cliffs. Thus, at present the reserve covers the most typical and preserved landscapes of the Central Russian forest-steppe. The Forest on Vorskla Nature Reserve was created with the aim of protecting virtually the only remaining untouched tract of riverine oak forests, typical of the Central Russian forest-steppe. The remaining areas were created for the purpose of protecting the preserved meadow-steppe areas on the territory of the Belgorod region on outcrops of bedrock limestone and riverine rocky limestone cliffs. Thus, at present the reserve covers the most typical and preserved landscapes of the Central Russian forest-steppe.
