Requirements for the formatting of footnotes. Rules for formatting bibliographic references and references How to format a footnote for an article

Rarely do any authors (not only students, but also beginning graduate students and applicants) format footnotes correctly, i.e., in accordance with the GTS. Even different editors often have different requirements for this, since there are variations.
It should be noted that the design of footnotes, in contrast to the design of a list of references (bibliographic description of sources), is carried out in accordance with GOST 7.1-84 “Bibliographic description of a document. General requirements and rules of compilation,” that is, somewhat simplified. Further attention should be paid to this circumstance.

We can recommend the researcher (author) a simple way out of this situation: look at scientific publications (especially in legal periodicals) and pay attention to how page-by-page footnotes are formatted in scientific publications– monographs, articles, etc.

There are these rules:

1. If a researcher refers to someone’s work without citing it, then in the footnote it should be put See: – See: Dolgova A.I. Crime, its organization and criminal society. – M., 2003. – P. 142 – 145.

2. If a quotation is given, then See: not included, bibliographic data of the source is immediately provided: Bezmenov A. Ramzan Kadyrov promises to capture Basayev and Maskhadov // Russian newspaper. – 2005. – March 3.

3. When indicating the place of publication, the number of the periodical, the page to which the link follows,
a) you can put a dash, for example: See: Izvestia. RU. – 2005. – March 24.
b) you don’t have to do this; for example: See: Izvestia. RU. 2005. March 24.
However, this requirement must be observed throughout the text.

4. If the citation is not made from the original source, then before the description you should indicate: Quote. from: For example, in the book by Ya.I. Gilinsky is quoted from the work of D.A. Drill " Criminal man"(1882). The original source is not available to me, but the quote is very appropriate. And I refer to Dril, I use his statement, but at the same time I refer to Ya.I. Gilinsky: Quoted. by: Gilinsky Ya. Criminology. Lecture course. St. Petersburg, 2002. P. 145.
5. It is important to remember the difference between the signs “-” (dash) and “-” (hyphen). A hyphen is half as long as a dash and is placed exclusively inside difficult words, attributes of documents (criminal law, theoretical and applied, No. 144-FZ, etc.).
In all other cases, a dash is placed.

6. When referring to a book, you can indicate the publisher and number of pages. For example: Konev A.A. Types of “criminals” according to the works of F.M. Dostoevsky (socio-psychological and spiritual-moral portraits): Tutorial. Nizhny Novgorod: Publishing house of the Volga-Vyatka Academy civil service, 2005. – 92 p.

But it is also allowed like this: Konev A.A. Types of “criminals” according to the works of F.M. Dostoevsky (socio-psychological and spiritual-moral portraits): Textbook. Nizhny Novgorod, 2005.

7. By the way, in references (and throughout the text) you should follow a simple rule for writing a surname with initials: the space is not placed between the initials, but is placed between the initials and the surname.
For example, you should write: A.A. Konev (spelling A.A. Konev will be incorrect).

Subtext, or sublinear, which are located at the bottom of the page, under the text behind a horizontal line drawn at 1.5 intervals (samples are given below).

Intratext links are used in cases where information about the source being analyzed is an organic part of the main text. The description in such references is given in parentheses after the cited work. For example: The scientist emphasized that “in certain categories of degenerates and declassed people, crime is increasingly becoming their career” (G. Tarde. Criminal and crime. Translated by E.V. Vystavkina. Edited by M.N. Gernet and with a foreword by N N. Polyansky. M., 1906. P. 263).

Beyond the text - in which the sources of quotations are indicated in the form of references to a numbered list of references placed at the end of the text (article, scientific, term paper or dissertation), which are given in parentheses after the cited work; For example: The scientist emphasized that “in certain categories of degenerates and declassed people, crime is increasingly becoming their career” (37; 263).
That is, 37 is the serial number of the source in the numbered list of used literature: 37. Tarde G. Criminal and crime. Per. E.V. Exhibition. Ed. M.N. Gernet and with a preface. N.N. Polyansky. M., 1906.

1. Footnote to the normative act:

See: On operational investigative activities: Law Russian Federation dated August 12, 1995 No. 144-FZ // Collection. legislation of the Russian Federation. 1995. No. 33. Art. 3349.
Resolution Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in the case of verifying the constitutionality of paragraph 3 of Article 1 of the Law of the Russian Federation of May 20, 1993 “On social protection citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the accident in 1957 at the Mayak production association and discharges radioactive waste into the Techa River" in connection with the complaint of citizen V.S. Kornilov dated March 11, 1996 // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 1996. No. 14. Art. 1550.
On approval of the Instructions for organizing interaction between departments and services of internal affairs bodies in the investigation and detection of crimes: Order of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia dated June 20, 1996 No. 334 // Bulletin of Current Legislation. Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. Vol. 16. 1996. Part 3.

2. Footnote to the book, multi-volume edition:

Giske A.V. Fighting crime in the security system internal security Russian society: Monograph. M., 2001. S. 262 – 263.
Dal V. Dictionary of the living Great Russian language: In 4 vols. T.1: A - Z. M., 1994. P. 668.

3. Footnote to the article:

a) in the newspaper: Borisov T. Suicide is a matter of technology // Russian newspaper. 2004. December 4;
b) in the journal: Igitova I.V. Mechanism for the implementation of the European Convention “On the Protection of Rights and Freedoms” // State and Law. 1997. No. 1. P. 76 – 82;
c) in the encyclopedia: Pavlenko S.Z. Security of culture // Russian criminological encyclopedia / Ed. ed. Doctor of Law, Prof., Convicted lawyer of the RSFSR, President of the Russian Criminological Association A.I. Debt. M., 2000. P. 67;
d) in the collection of scientific works: Kleimenov M.P. Forecasting criminological security // Patterns of crime, struggle strategy and law / Ed. A. I. Dolgovoy. M., 2001. P.42;
e) in a collective monograph: Matuzov N.I. Law and personality // General theory rights. Course of lectures / Under general. ed. VC. Babaeva. N. Novgorod, 1993. P. 222.
f) in the collective textbook: Dolgova A.I. Determination and causation of crime // Criminology: Textbook for law schools / Ed. ed. A.I. Debt. M., 1997. S. 179 – 316;

4. Footnote to the dissertation:

See: Shapiev S.M. Crime and society. Criminological theoretical and applied research: Thesis... Doctor of Law. Sci. St. Petersburg, 2000. P. 196.

Yaroshenko O.N. Murder: concept and qualification: Author's abstract. dis...cand. legal Sci. N. Novgorod. 2003. P. 15.

6. Above are examples of primary footnotes. But there is also a primary or repeated footnote (to the same source):

If the link is made again on one or the next page (shortly after the primary one, for example: Ter-Akopov A.A. Legal security of a person in the Russian Federation (Fundamentals of the concept) // State and Law. 2001. No. 9. P. 11 – 18), then the link is formatted as follows:
Ter-Akopov A.A. Decree. op. P. 9.
If the link is made for the third or fourth time, then it is written:
Right there. P. 10.
In a more distant place in the same text or in the case of references to several works of the same author, the truncated title of the work is subsequently reproduced: Ter-Akopov A.A. Legal human security in the Russian Federation (Fundamentals of the concept). P.27.

Legislative materials

Additional Protocol to the European Convention on Extradition // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. 2000. No. 23. Art. 2348.

UN Security Council Resolution 1368 of September 12, 2001 // Moscow Journal international law. 2002. No. 1. P. 17 – 20.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 1998. December 9, or: International instruments about human rights. Collection of documents. M., 1998. S. 39 – 43.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights: adopted and proclaimed by the General. UN Assembly 10 Dec. 1948 // Ross. gas. – 1998. – December 10. – P. 4.

Charter of the Commonwealth Independent States dated January 22, 1993 // Russian newspaper. 1993. February 12.

* * *
Constitution of the Russian Federation: adopted by popular vote on December 12. 1993 (taking into account the amendments introduced by the laws of the Russian Federation on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation dated December 30, 2008 No. 6-FKZ and dated December 30, 2008 No. 7-ARP) // Russian newspaper. – 2009. January 21, No. 7 (4831).

On the judicial system of the Russian Federation: federal. constitutional law. - Official ed. – M.: Legal. lit., 1997. – 21 p.
On federal target programs to improve the situation of children in the Russian Federation for 2001–2002: (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 25, 2000 No. 625). – M.: [b. i.], 2000. – p.
About education: federal. law. – M.: Infra-M, 2002. – 54 p. – ( the federal law; issue 28).
Regulations on the order of passage military service: Decree of the President of Russia. Federations: issues of military service. services: ed. decrees of the President of Russia. Federation from 15 Oct. 1999 No. 1366 (SZ RF, 1999, No. 42, Art. 5008); from 10 Apr. 2000 No. 653 (SZ RF, 2000, No. 16, Art. 1678); dated June 26, 2000 No. 1175 (SZ RF, 2000, No. 27, Art. 2819); from April 17 2003 No. 444 (SZ RF, 2003, No. 16, Art. 1508). – 4th ed. – M.: Os-89, 2004. – 79 p.
Federal Law "On advocacy and the Bar in the Russian Federation": comes into force on July 1, 2002 - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2002. - 48 p.
Labor Code of the Russian Federation: federal. law of December 30 2001 No. 197-FZ. – M.: OTiSS, 2002. – 142 p.
Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. – M.: Publishing house “Omega-L”, 2007. – 192 p.
Law of the Russian Federation of March 5, 1992 No. 2646-1 “On Security” (as amended by the Law of the Russian Federation of December 22, 1992 No. 4235-1, Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of December 24, 1993 No. 2288 // Security of Russia. Fundamental state documents Part 1. – M., 1998. pp. 117 - 121.

1. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation dated January 10, 2000 No. 24 “On the Concept national security Russian Federation" // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 2000. January 18.
2. Determination of the judicial panel of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation dated March 30, 1999 “On establishing the fact of political repression in judicial procedure» // Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. 1999. No. 7. P. 3 – 4.
3. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 15, 1999 No. 1040 “On measures to counter terrorism” // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. 1999. September 18.

II. BOOKS, ARTICLES (located in alphabetical order).
III. DISSERTATIONS (arranged in alphabetical order).
IV. ABSTRACTS (arranged in alphabetical order).
V. REFERENCE LITERATURE (dictionaries, reference books, etc.).
VI. SOURCES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES (in original language, in alphabetical order).
VII. Electronic edition.

When describing the work, it is necessary to be guided by certain
rules (bibliographic description can be found in any publication or on back side title page(2nd page, the number of which is not indicated). Suggested examples:

1. For a bibliographic description of one author:

Kudryavtsev V.N. Crime and morals of a transitional society. M., 2002. 238 p.
Options (depending on publisher's requirements).
Kudryavtsev V.N. Crime and morals of a transitional society. M., 2002.
Kudryavtsev V.N. Crime and morals of a transitional society. M.: Gardariki, 2002. 238 p.
Kudryavtsev V.N. Crime and morals of a transitional society / V.N. Kudryavtsev. M., 2002. 238 p.
Kudryavtsev V.N. Crime and morals of a transitional society / V.N. Kudryavtsev. M.: Gardariki, 2002. 238 p.

2. When bibliographically describing a publication by two or three authors (the name of the first of them is indicated):

Arefiev A.Yu. Determination of the state of crime and criminological forecasting / A.Yu. Arefiev, A.P. Volkov, A.A. Glukhova. Nizhny Novgorod, 1999.

3. When bibliographically describing a publication by four or more authors, all of them are indicated in alphabetical order after the main entry (title of the publication):

Crimes in the economic sphere (in definitions and diagrams): Textbook / I.N. Bokova, S.V. Izosimov, V.I. Kanygin, A.P. Kuznetsov // Under general. ed. A.P. Kuznetsova. N. Novgorod, 2004. 228 p.

4. When describing collections:

New criminal realities and responses to them / Ed. prof. A.I. Debt. M., 2005. 300 p.

5. When describing materials of conferences, congresses, symposia, round tables:

Current problems of ensuring personal and property security of the population at the municipal level: materials of the Round Table (December 2004) / Comp. S.L. Sibiryakov, A.I. Bortenev, Yu.M. Fetyukhin. Volgograd, 2005. 203 p.
Milestones of Russian-German relations: Materials of the International. scientific conf., Volgograd, May 24-27, 2001/Rus. state Volgograd University: Volgogr Publishing House. state Univ., 2001. 183 p.
8. When describing a multi-volume publication:
Alekseev S.S. General theory of law: in 2 volumes / S.S. Alekseev. M., 1999. T. 2. 347 p.

7. When describing a separate volume (issue) of an ongoing
collection:

Bulletin of Nizhny Novgorod University named after. N.I. Lobachevsky. Law Series. Issue 1(6). The idea of ​​constitutionalism in the Russian Federation and abroad and the practice of its implementation. N. Novgorod: UNN Publishing House, 2003. 265 p.

Modern political history of Russia: 1985 - 1998 / Under the general. ed. IN AND. Zorkaltseva, A.I. Podberezkina. - 2nd ed., add. and processed - M.: RAU - Corporation, 2000. - T.2: Faces of Russia. - 961 p.

8. When describing a component part of a document - for example, a work from a collective publication (textbook, monograph, encyclopedia):
Starkov O.V. Penitentiary crime / O.V. Starkov // Criminology. Textbook for law schools / Ed. ed. doc. legal Sciences, Professor A.I. Debt. M., 1997. S. 647 – 726.
Gorshenkov G.N. Fundamentals of Criminology mass communications/ G.N. Gorshenkov // Crime among social subsystems. New concept and branches of criminology / Ed. doc. legal Sciences, Professor D.A. Shestakova. St. Petersburg, 2003. P. 117 – 185.
Zhilinsky S.E. Legal culture/ S.E. Zhilinsky // Russian criminological encyclopedia / Ed. ed. doc. legal Sciences, Professor, Honored Lawyer of the RSFSR Yugoslavia, President of the Russian Criminological Association A.I. Debt. M., 2000. P. 508 511.
9. When describing the dissertation:

Kulakov A.F. Political crime: criminological and legal aspects: dis. ...cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.08: protected 19.06.02: approved. 09.27.02 / Kulakov Alexander Feodosievich. Ryazan, 2002. 158 p. Bibliography: pp. 159–173.

Gazimzyanov R.R. Corruption crime in the Republic of Tatarstan at the turn of the century (criminological research): Abstract of thesis. dis...cand. legal Sciences: 12.00.08 / R.R. Gazimzyanov. Nizhny Novgorod, 2005. 24 p.

11. Examples of bibliographic descriptions of electronic publications
in the Internet:

1. From Consultant Plus:
On amendments and additions to the Federal Law “On Veterans”: Feder. Law of the Russian Federation, November 27. 2002, No. 158-FZ // Consultant Plus Version Prof. [Electron. resource] / JSC "Consultant Plus". M., 2002.

According to GOST 7.32-2001, footnotes are placed immediately after the text, figure or table to which they relate. The footnote sign is placed immediately after the word, number, symbol, sentence to which an explanation is given. The footnote sign is performed superscript and subscript with Arabic numerals “1”. Links are numbered page by page. The footnote is placed at the end of the page with a paragraph indent, separated from the text by a short horizontal line to the left. Font color – black, without underlining. Font size (point size) - no less than 10. Spacing - 1-1.15. Font type - Times New Roman.

Requirements for sources:

Federal laws should be written in the following format:

Federal Law dated [date] No. [number] “[title]” // [official source of publication, year, number, article]

If a legislative collection or publication of a separate law was used when writing the work, the law (order, etc.) should still be written down in the list of references, indicating the official source of the publication. For federal acts, such sources are: “Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation”, “Rossiyskaya Gazeta”, “Collection of Acts of the President and Government of the Russian Federation”, etc.

General requirements for the description of literary scientific works and articles:

After indicating the author's surname and initials, the title of the scientific work is separated by a space - space - sign "//" - space - City: publishing house - year of publication. – P.__-__, or the total number of pages – p. _ _ _. Along with the basic requirements, the design of references to articles in periodicals and scientific collections, to works from multi-volume publications, etc. has certain features.

The design of references is regulated by GOST R 7.0.5-2008 “Bibliographic reference. General requirements and rules of compilation." The standard applies to bibliographic references used in any published or unpublished documents in any media.

When repeating references to the same object, references are distinguished:

primary, in which bibliographic information is presented for the first time in this document;

repeated, in which previously specified bibliographic information is repeated in an abbreviated form.

If there are several reference objects, then they are combined into one complex bibliographic reference. References included in a complex reference are separated from each other by a semicolon, with spaces before and after the semicolon. Several objects in one link are arranged in alphabetical or chronological order, either according to the principle of a single graphic basis - Cyrillic, Latin, etc., or in each language separately (according to the alphabet of language names). If the complex includes several consecutive links containing records with identical headings (works of the same authors), then the headings in the second and subsequent links can be replaced by their verbal equivalents “His”, “Her”, “Theirs” , or - for documents in languages ​​using Latin script - “Idem”, “Eadem”, “Iidem”.

Unlike the description of a source in the list of literature, in references it is allowed to replace the prescribed dot and dash sign separating areas of the bibliographic description with a dot, and omit square brackets for information borrowed not from the source of information itself.

If the text is cited not from the original source, but from another document, then at the beginning of the link the words are given: “Cit. by: "(quoted by), "Cited by: ", indicating the source of borrowing, for example:

Quote by: Florensky P. A. At the watersheds of thought. M.: Moscow State University Publishing House, 1990. - T. 2. - P. 27.

To link interlinear bibliographic references with the text of the document, a footnote sign is used; To connect extra-text bibliographic references with the text of the document, a callout sign or reference is used, which is given in the form of numbers (ordinal numbers), letters, asterisks and other signs.

1 Tarasova V.I. Political history of Latin America. - M., 2006. - P. 305.

3 Kutepov V.I., Vinogradova A.G. Art of the Middle Ages / edited by. ed. V. I. Romanova. - Rostov n/d: NORM, 2006. – 320 p.

It is allowed, if there is bibliographic information about the component in the text, to indicate only information about the identifying document in the sublinear reference:

2 Adorno T.V. Towards logic social sciences// Question philosophy. - 1992. - No. 10. - P. 76-86.

For entries on Internet resources, it is allowed, if the text contains information identifying an electronic remote access resource, to indicate only its email address - URL (Uniform Resource Locator) in a subscript link:

2 Official periodicals: electronic. guide / Ros.nat. b-ka, Center for Legal Information. [SPb.], 2005-2007. URL: http://www.nlr.ru/lawcenter/izd/index.html (access date: 01/18/2007).

or, if this publication is referred to in the text of the document:

2 URL: http://www.nlr.ru/lawcenter/izd/index.html

When numbering interlinear bibliographic references, a uniform order is used for the entire document: page-by-page numbering throughout the text, within each chapter, section, part, etc., or for a given page of the document.

Bibliographic information is indicated in the description in the form in which it is given in the described source of information. Missing clarifying information, as well as completely missing necessary data, are formulated based on an analysis of the document. In this case, information formulated on the basis of an analysis of the document, as well as borrowed from sources outside the document, is given in square brackets in all areas of the bibliographic description, except for the notes area.

When compiling a bibliographic description, you can use abbreviation of words and phrases, omission of part of an element, and other reduction techniques. The main condition for abbreviating words is the unambiguity of their understanding and ensuring decoding. Abbreviations are used in all areas of bibliographic description. However, it is not permissible to abbreviate any title in any field (unless the abbreviation appears in the source of information being described). In some cases, for example, when writing a very long title, it is permissible to use a shortening method such as omitting individual words and phrases, if this does not lead to a distortion of the meaning.

Capital letters are used in accordance with modern rules the grammar of the language in which the bibliographic description is compiled, regardless of what letters are used in the source of information. The first word of each area begins with capital letters, as well as the first word of the following elements: the general designation of the material and any titles in all areas of the description. All other elements are written with a lowercase letter. At the same time, capital and lowercase letters are preserved in the official names of modern organizations and other proper names.

The design of the title of a bibliographic record is regulated by GOST 7.80-2000. “Bibliographic record. Title. General requirements and rules of compilation."

If a document has specific authors, then the name of the author is given before the description. If there are two or three authors, as a rule, only the name of the first is indicated. If there are four or more authors, then the description of the document begins with the title, and the authors follow it through a slash.

The surname is given at the beginning of the title and then the initials of the name and patronymic. A dot is placed after the given name.

According to GOST 7.1-2003, the main title may contain an alternative title, connected to it by the conjunction “or” and written with a capital letter. A comma is placed before the conjunction “or” (for example: The Science of Joy, or How to Avoid an Appointment with a Psychotherapist).

The following is information related to the title, i.e. containing information revealing and explaining the main title, including another title (subtitle), information about the type, genre, purpose of the work, an indication that the document is a translation from another language, etc.

According to GOST 7.1-2003, information about responsibility contains information about persons and organizations involved in the creation of the intellectual, artistic or other content of the work that is the object of the description. They may consist of the names of persons and (or) names of organizations along with words specifying the category of their participation in the creation of the work that is the object of the description. Information about responsibility is recorded in the form in which it is indicated in the source of information.

The name of the place of publication and distribution is given in the form and case indicated in the prescribed source of information.

M.: Science: Prospect: Infra-M

If there are several groups of information, including the place of publication and the publishing house associated with it, they are indicated sequentially and separated from each other by a semicolon (space, semicolon, space). The number of groups may be limited.

The publication date is the year of publication of the document that is the subject of the description. The year is indicated in Arabic numerals, preceded by a comma.

According to GOST 7.1-2003, the area of ​​physical characteristics contains a designation of the physical form in which the object of description is presented, in combination with an indication of the volume and, if necessary, the size of the document, its illustrations and accompanying material that is part of the object of description.

The area provides information about the number of physical units (in Arabic numerals) and the specific designation of the material. Information about the type of material is provided in the language of the bibliographic institution.

2 electrons wholesale disk

Information about the volume is given in the same numerals (Roman or Arabic) that are used in the description object.

XII, 283 p.

Examples of the main possible footnotes to sources and scientific literature:

Law of the Republic of Bashkortostan dated June 21, 2005 No. 190-z On the procedure for vesting authorities local government individual state powers of the Republic of Bashkortostan as amended. Laws of the Republic of Belarus dated December 28, 2005 No. 267-z, dated October 10, 2006 No. 355-z, dated November 3, 2006 No. 370-z. // Republic of Bashkortostan. – 2008, February 1.

Code of the Russian Federation on Administrative Offenses of December 30, 2001 No. 195-FZ // Rossiyskaya Gazeta. – 2001. - December 31.

Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, ratified on March 30, 1998 N 54-FZ // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation. – 1998. - No. 14. – St. 1514.

Constitution of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Ufa.: IP Polyakovsky Yu.I., 2006. - 40 p.

Review of cassation and supervisory practice in criminal cases for the first half of 2008. Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Bashkortostan dated October 22, 2008 // URL:vs.bkr.sudrf.ru

Address of the President of the Russian Federation D.A. Medvedev to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation November 12, 2010 // URL: http://www.kremlin.ru/transcripts/5979

Resolution of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of June 10, 2005 No. 1979-IV GD Regulations on the Public Youth Chamber at State Duma Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation // Collection of legislation of the Russian Federation, 2005. - No. 25. - Art. 2481.

Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of February 14, 2000 No. 7 “On judicial practice in cases of juvenile crimes” as amended on February 6, 2007 // Bulletin of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, No. 4, 2000.

Federal Law of October 6, 2003 No. 131-FZ “On the General Principles of the Organization of Local Self-Government in the Russian Federation” as amended on June 29, 2005, as amended on February 2, 2006 No. 19-FZ // Russian newspaper. – 2006. - February 8.

Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language. - M.1998. - P.188.

Dolgov V.V. Komsomol in eliminating unemployment during the NEP // Youth: sociology, politics, history: Newsletter. -1991, - No. 2. – p.30-36

Enikeev Z.D. System of fundamental rights, freedoms and responsibilities of the individual according to the Constitution of the Republic of Bashkortostan // Bulletin of Justice. Ufa. 1998. P.8-14.

Zabelin P.V. Youth policy: strategy, ideas, prospects. - M.: “Luch”, 1998. – 86 p.

Article from the book:

Dvinyaninova, G. S. Compliment: Communicative status or strategy in discourse / G. S. Dvinyaninova // Social power of language: collection. scientific tr. / Voronezh. interregion Institute of Societies. Sciences, Voronezh. state University, Fak. Romano-Germanic. stories. - Voronezh, 2001. - P. 101-106.

Article from the serial publication:

Mikhailov S.A. Driving like a European: the toll road system in Russia is in its infancy. stages of development / Sergey Mikhailov // Nezavisimaya gas. - 2002. - June 17.

Bogolyubov A.N. On real resonances in a waveguide with inhomogeneous filling / A. N. Bogolyubov, A. L. Delitsyn, M. D. Malykh // Vestn. Moscow un-ta. Ser. 3, Physics. Astronomy. - 2001. - No. 5. - P. 23-25.

Section, chapter:

Maly A.I. Introduction to the legislation of the European Community // Institutions of the European Union: textbook. allowance / Al. Maly, J. Campbell, M. O'Neil. - Arkhangelsk, 2002. - Section 1. - pp. 7-26.

Glazyrin, B. E. Automation of individual operations in Word 2000 [Text] / B. E. Glazyrin // Office 2000: 5 books. in 1: tutorial / E. M. Berliner, I. B. Glazyrina, B. E. Glazyrin. - 2nd ed., revised. - M., 2002. - Ch. 14. - pp. 281-298.

Reviews:

Gavrilov, A.V. How does it sound? // Book. review. - 2002. - March 11 (No. 10-11). - P. 2. - Rec. on the book: Musical reserve. 70s: problems, portraits, cases / T. Cherednichenko. - M.: New lit. review, 2002. - 592 p.

In accordance with these requirements, the used sources and literature are included in the BIBLIOGRAPHICAL LIST.

You can and should refer to Internet sources and electronic resources. At the same time, it is necessary to refer to Internet resources in accordance with the state standard - GOST R 7.0.5-2008 “BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE”: General requirements and rules for compilation, which came into force on January 1, 2009. The objects of compiling a bibliographic reference in this case are electronic resources remote access. Links are made both to electronic resources as a whole (electronic documents, databases, portals, sites, web pages, forums, etc.) and to components of electronic resources (sections and parts of electronic documents, portals, sites, web -pages, publications in electronic serial publications, messages on forums, etc.).

To indicate email address Remote access resources provide a note about the access mode. Allowed instead of words "Access mode"(or their equivalent in another language) use the abbreviation "URL" (Uniform Resource Locator- uniform resource locator). For records on electronic resources, it is allowed, if the text contains bibliographic information identifying an electronic remote access resource, to indicate only its email address in a subscript link. Information about the protocol for accessing a network resource (ftp, http, etc.) and its email address are provided in a uniform resource locator format.

After the email address, information about the date of access to the electronic network resource is given in parentheses: after the words “date of access” the day, month and year are indicated. If there is information about the date of the last update or revision of the network document, they are indicated in the link, preceded by the appropriate words “Date of update” (“Date of revision”, etc.). If it is impossible to determine the date of publication or creation from the screen title page of an electronic remote access resource (network resource), then the earliest and latest dates of creation of the resource that could be identified should be indicated. Information about system requirements is provided in cases where special access is required to access a document. software(for example, Adobe Acrobat Reader, PowerPoint, etc.).

Links to electronic resources are indicated using intratextual links (they are enclosed in parentheses) in the text itself, interlinear links (moved from the text to the bottom of the page of the document, in a footnote - drawn up as a note taken from the text of the document to the bottom of the page) and behind-the-text links (placed outside the text of the document or part of it - in a callout).

An example of designing in-text links to web resources:

(URL: http://www.bashedu.ru/encikl/title.htm)
(Russian Book Chamber: [website]. URL: http://www.bookchamber.ru)
(Russian Orthodoxy: [website]. URL: http://www.ortho-rus.ru/)
(Management in Russia and abroad. 2002. No. 2. URL: http://www.cfin.ru/press/management/2002-2/12.shtml)
(Statistical indicators of Russian book publishing in 2006: figures and ratings. URL: http://bookchamber.ru/stat_2006.htm)

Example of designing subscript links to Internet resources:

Primary 5 Loginova L. G. Essence of the result additional education children // Education: researched in the international world. scientific ped. Online magazine. 21.10.03. URL: http://www.oim.ru/reader.asp?nomer=366 (date of access: 04/17/07).
Repeated 7 Loginova L. G. Decree. Op.
2 Official periodicals: electronic. guide / Russian national bka, Legal Information Center. [SPb.], 2005–2007. URL: http://www.nlr.ru/lawcenter/izd/index.html (access date: 01/18/2007).
7 List of documents “Information and reference system of the archival industry” (ISSAO) and its applications – “ Information system archivists of Russia" (ISAR) // Termika Consulting Group: [website]. URL: http://www.termika.ru/dou/progr/spisok24.html (access date: 11/16/2007).
7 Geography: electronic. gas version 2001. No. 15 (special issue). URL: http://geo.1september.ru/article.php?ID=200101502 (access date: 03/13/2006).
I2 Vanyushin I.V. Methodology for measuring the conversion characteristics of an ADC // Researched in Russia: electron. multidisciplinary scientific magazine 2000. [T. 3]. pp. 263–272. URL: http://zhurnal.ape.relarn.ru/articles/2000/019.pdf (access date: 05/06/2006).
2 Dirina A.I. The right of military personnel of the Russian Federation to freedom of association // Military law: network journal. 2007. URL:
http://www.voennoepravo.ru/node/2149 (date of access: 09/19/2007).
10 Reference books on semiconductor devices // [Personal page of V. R. Kozak] / Institute of Nuclei. physics. [Novosibirsk, 2003]. URL: http://www.inp.nsk.su/%7Ekozak/start.htm (access date: 03.13.06).
6 Galina Vasilievna Starovoitova, 05/17/46 – 11/20/1998: [memorial. website] / comp. and ed. T. Likhanova. [SPb., 2004]. URL: http://www.starovoitova.ru/rus/main.php (access date: 01/22/2007).
2 Life is beautiful, life is tragic... [ Electronic resource]: 1917 in letters of A.V. Lunacharsky to A.A. Lunacharskaya / rep. comp. L. Rogovaya; comp. N. Antonova; Institute "Open Island". M., 2001. URL: http://www.auditorium.ru/books/473/ (access date: 04/17/2006).
8 Beglik A. G. Review of the main projects of foreign reference services: program. support and technology approaches // Using Internet technologies in reference services for remote users: materials of a training seminar, November 23-24. 2004 / Russia national Fuck, Virtual. reference service. St. Petersburg, 2004. System. Requirements: PowerPoint. URL: http://vss.nlr.ru/about/seminar.php (access date: 03/13/2006).
5 The entire Bogorodsky district: forum // Bogorodsk - Noginsk. Bogorodsk local history: website. Noginsk, 2006. URL: http://www.bogorodsk-noginsk.ru/forum/ (access date: 02.20.2007).
4 Kremleva S. O. Network communities // PORTALUS.RU: all-Russian. virtual encycl. M., 2005. URL: http://www.library.by/portalus/modules/psychology (access date: 11/11/2005).

Beyond-text links and bibliographic descriptions of web resources are distinguished by several features. According to GOST 7.83-2001 “ Interstate standard SIBID. electronic publications, main types and output information" (introduced on January 7, 2002), if the document is presented in the form of an electronic resource, its form is indicated as a general designation of the material in the bibliographic list:

Biblical stories [Electronic resource]: Hermitage collection
At the command of the pike [Electronic resource]: [rus. adv. fairy tale]

Title information is preceded by a colon:

Informatics [Electronic resource]: Internet textbook

The general designation of the material is given immediately after the main title with a capital letter in square brackets. The words in the general designation of the material are not abbreviated:

Letters to Emissia Offline [Electronic resource]: electronic. scientific-pedagogical magazine
Accountant of the enterprise [Electronic resource]: BP: practical. magazine

The liability statements are as follows:

Bulletin of the University [Electronic resource] / State. University of Ex.

An example of the design of textual links to web resources and electronic sources in a bibliography:

78. Latchford E. W. With the White Army in Siberia [Electronic resource] // Eastern Front of the Army of Admiral A. V. Kolchak: [site]. . URL: http://east-front.narod.ru/memo/latchford.htm (access date: 08/23/2007).
25. Chliyants G. Creation of television // QRZ.RU: server for Russian radio amateurs. 2004.
176. Parinov S. I., Lyapunov V. M., Puzyrev R. L. The Socionet system as a platform for the development of scientific information resources and online services // Electronic. b-ki. 2003. T. 6, issue. 1. URL: http://www.elbib.ru/index.phtml?page=elbib/rus/journal/2003/part1/PLP/ (date of access: November 25, 2006).
65. Avilova L. I. Development of metal production in the era of early metal (Chalcolithic - Late Bronze Age) [Electronic resource]: state of the problem and prospects for research // Vestn. RFBR. 1997. No. 2. URL: http://www.rfbr.ru/pics/22394ref/file.pdf (access date: 09/19/2007).
53. Volkov V. Yu., Volkova L. M. Physical education: distance learning course. training in GSE 05 “Phys. Culture" / St. Petersburg. state Polytechnic University, Interuniversity. center for physics culture. St. Petersburg, 2003. Access from local network Foundation. b ki SPbSPU. System. Requirements: Power Point. URL: http://www.unilib.neva.ru/dl/local/407/oe/oe.ppt (date of access: 01.11.2003).
114. Economic growth // New Russia: [bibliogr. decree] / compiled by: B. Berkhina, O. Kokovkina, S. Kann; Department of State Public Scientific and Technical Library SB RAS. Novosibirsk, . Update date: 03/06/2007. URL: http://www.prometeus.nsc.ru/biblio/newrus/egrowth.ssi (access date: 03/22/2007).
46. ​​Investments will remain raw materials // PROGNOSIS.RU: daily. online edition 2006. 25 Jan. URL: http://www.prognosis.ru/print.html?id=6464 (access date: 03/19/2007).
9. Housing law: current issues legislation: electronic. magazine 2007. No. 1. URL: http://www.gilpravo.ru (access date: 08/20/2007).

At the same time, you need to understand that along with scientific, peer-reviewed Internet publications, there are (millions of them) web resources of dubious reputation. Therefore, you need to be very careful when using materials from websites and not take them as the ultimate truth. In addition, the abundant use of web resources in the dissertation creates the opinion among readers (reviewers, opponents, expert commissions and members of the dissertation council) that more than half of the dissertation work is copy-paste from the Internet. Therefore, it is better to avoid the massive use of web resources in a dissertation and turn to traditional academic publications published in a printed manner.

Digital Object Identifier - DOI

Digital object identifier - digital object identifier, DOI , Digital Identifier of an Object- standard for designating information about an object presented on the network (usually, but not necessarily, about an electronic document or digital object) GOST R ISO 26324-2015. The information contained in the DOI of an electronic document contains an indicator of its location (for example, URL), its name (title), other object identifiers (for example, ISBN for an electronic image of a book) and an associated set of data describing it (metadata) in a structured and expandable form. There are also digital “DOI copies” of documents that have never been published anywhere before and were originally in digital form.

DOI is accepted in the English-speaking scientific community for the exchange of data between scientists. Essentially, DOI is a path to a document in a common information-virtual space (usually on the Internet), to obtain necessary information.

A digital entity identifier is a unique string of letters and numbers consisting of two parts: a prefix and a suffix. For example, 10.1000/182,
Where
10.1000 - prefix, or publisher identifier, composed of the identifier attribute (10) and a string indicating the publisher (1000);
182 is a suffix, an object identifier, indicating a specific object.

Publisher prefixes are distributed by DOI Registration Agencies such as CrossRef and DataCite. The suffix is ​​generated by the publisher and must be unique to that publisher. A digital object identifier can combine existing identifiers such as ISBN, International Standard Serial Number or SICI. The digital object identifier is case-insensitive.

Along with this read:

The rules for creating a bibliography are simple. and comply with GOST R 7.0.5-2008 and GOST 7.82-2001.

If there is no bibliography, then when uploaded to the RSCI and other services, the article is automatically marked as unscientific and falls into the “Uncertain” (UNK) category.

Formatting links within text

1. footnote to one literary source without specifying pages: .
2. footnote to one literary source indicating pages: .
3. footnotes to several literary sources indicating pages: .

Registration of the list of references

1. Book

Berdyaev N.A. The meaning of the story. M.: Mysl, 1990. 175 p.

2. Articles from magazines and newspapers

Reutin M.Yu. German mysticism of the Middle Ages. Life in Christ as a performative practice // Questions of Philosophy. 2014. No. 9. pp. 121–133.

3. Conference materials and collections

Shevchenko V. N. Triangulations of convex polyhedra and their implementation f-vectors // Discrete optimization and operations research: int. conf. (Altai, June 27 – July 3, 2010). Novosibirsk: Publishing House of the Institute of Mathematics, 2010. pp. 75–81.

Kireeva Zh.I. Study of domestic historiography in pre-revolutionary Russia: Diss. ...cand. history Sci. Novocherkassk, 1989. 146 p.

Electronic resources (Internet)

A. [Electronic resource]: description of the electronic resource and document

B. URL (web page address).

B. Date of access to the document.

Berdyaev N.A. The meaning of the story. [Electronic resource]: Yakov Krotov Library. URL: (access date: 02/18/2014).

Reutin M.Yu. German mysticism of the Middle Ages. Life in Christ as a performative practice. [Electronic resource]: Questions of Philosophy, 2014. No. 9. Access mode: . (access date: 10/15/2014).

An example of a link to our magazine

Ivanov, A.A. Article title // Problems modern science and education/Problems of modern science and education. 2011. No. 7. P. 22 -28.

Ivanov, A.A. Article title / A.A. Ivanov, K.K. Petrov // Problems of modern science and education. 2011. No. 7. P. 22 -28.

Please note that the previously used GOST 7.1-84 is outdated and is not currently applied. You need to use the following document:
Bibliographic link. General rules and drafting requirements

After completing the article, you must download the application, which is sent to the Editorial Office along with the article.

A footnote to the source of borrowing (bibliographic footnote) is an essential element scientific work, which includes any essay, coursework or dissertation. A footnote is required in the text if it uses a quotation from another work, or borrows tables, illustrations, or formulas.

The concept of "footnote" is broader than the concept of "link", which is often used by teachers or in methodological recommendations. Footnotes include comments indicating their source or affiliation with the work of the author of the work (for example1), and links to the sources used (for example).

Footnotes can be of two types: manual and automatic. Manual footnotes are placed in the text of the work after a quotation or borrowed text in the form of square or round brackets, where the first digit indicates the number of the source in the list of references, and the second - the page number. In some cases, it is possible to indicate only the source number, but in this case, at the end of the work, it is necessary to create a “Notes” section, where references to the literature will be given in order. The presence of notes does not eliminate the need to create a list of references in the correct and alphabetical order. Examples of manual footnotes: ; ; ; (2; 18); (12; p. 87); (18; pp. 21-23). The most common type of footnotes is: . IN in rare cases The full or abbreviated name of the source is indicated in parentheses in the text. For example: [Nevolina E.M. How to write and defend a dissertation; With. 112].

Automatic footnotes are placed using the capabilities of Microsoft Office Word. The program automatically numbers footnotes. In the "Links" tab there is a function "Insert footnote" (Fig. 6.).

Fig 6. The "Insert Footnote" function in Microsoft program Office Word 2007

Source: author's work in Microsoft Office Word - There are two types of footnotes: on each page (regular footnotes) or at the end of the entire text, then they automatically form “Notes” (endnotes). The preferred option is to place page-by-page footnotes in the text with continuous numbering throughout the text. It is possible to number footnotes within each page.

It is important to note that a footnote to the source of borrowing may refer the reader to some source where the specified problem is disclosed in more detail. As a rule, such footnotes indicate: See more details: Ivanov IL. Management. - M.: Publishing House, 2011. - P. 212.

The very design of footnotes to literature, as a rule, is regulated by the university, or in methodological guidelines it is written that it is necessary to formalize the demolition in accordance with GOST 7.1-2003, which will be discussed in detail in the next paragraph.

Here are the most common examples of formatting footnotes to sources in students’ written works.

Footnotes to legal acts:

Constitution of the Russian Federation. (Last edition dated January 19, 2009) // Russian newspaper. - 2009. - January 21. - No. 7.

Arbitration Procedural Code of the Russian Federation dated 2407.2002 No. 95-FZ // Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation. - 2002. - No. 30. - Art. 3012.

Note. When preparing regulatory documents in footnotes or in the list of references, it is necessary to indicate the source of publication of this document. Such a source for federal legislation may be the Collection of Legislation, the Rossiyskaya Gazeta or the Parliamentary Gazette. For regional or departmental legal acts, the sources of the first publication are regional, departmental and specialized periodicals mass media. In some cases, teachers ask to indicate the dates of all revisions or the last revision of the normative legal act.

I will give examples of the design of bibliographic descriptions of books for a list of references:

Sarkisov, S.E. Management: dictionary-reference book / S.E. Sarkisov. - Zh: Ankil, 2005. - 805 p.

Titov, V.V. Production management: Basic principles and tools of organizational development / V.V. Titov, I.S. Mezhov, A.A. Solodilov.-Novosibirsk: IEOPP SB RAS, 2007.-275 p.

Note. In this design option, after the slash behind the title of the book, all the authors of the book are indicated, while before the title there is only one author. In this case, in the designation of the author before the title, the initials are written after the surname, and before the slash. In some cases, when the name of the publishing house is difficult to establish, it may be omitted.

If there are no requirements for the design of a footnote, it is enough to use a simple version of the bibliographic description of the book in accordance with GOST R 7.05-2008 "Bibliographic reference. General requirements and design rules":

Alekseev V.A. Real estate transactions. - M.: Prospect: Welby, 2006. - 224 p.

Footnotes to articles from periodicals:

Beznoshchenko, D. Assessing the activities of a Russian insurer based on financial risk management indicators EVA and FAROC / D. Beznoshchenko // Problems of management theory and practice. - 2010. - No. 1. - P 63-70.

Vasilkov, KHV. Risk management system as a tool for enterprise economic management / Yu.V. Vasilkov, JLC Gushchina // Methods of quality management.-2012.-No. 2. - P. 10-15.

If there are no requirements for the design of a footnote, it is enough to use a simple version of the bibliographic description of an article from a periodical in accordance with GOST R 7.05-2008: Antonenkova E.L. Real estate transactions joint stock companies// Accounting. - 2011. - No. 8. - P. 114-119. TO

Rule: if a footnote is made on the same page on the same source, it is not customary to repeat its description. Usually they write, for example: “Ibid. - P. 145.” If the same situation occurs with a foreign source, then they indicate in Latin: “Ibidem. - R. 158”, where “P” means page - page in English.

So footnotes are the most important element work, the presence of which is demonstrated to the teacher high level work. Undoubtedly, all footnotes in the work must be valid and refer to exactly the part of the text from which the borrowing was taken.