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Previously, it was believed that the gods themselves send dreams to people endowed with a high social status, and the interpreters of dreams accompanied the commanders during military campaigns. During the Roman Empire, some dreams even became the subject of legal proceedings.

Many cases are known when people of art and science, their best ideas came in a dream.

The cult creator of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, believed that sleep is a time when a person refuses to interact with outside world and enters into communication with the inner world, with his subconscious.

So what is sleep, from the point of view of physiology, and why is the process of dreaming directly interesting? On World Sleep Day, which this year is celebrated around the world on March 17, Sputnik Georgia offers the top 20 most little known facts about dreams.

1. How much do we sleep?

It's unfortunate, but true. The average person spends a third of their life sleeping. As you know, during a properly flowing sleep, the body restores the forces spent on daytime activity and "puts itself in order." That is why healthy man wakes up feeling refreshed and energized. Well, at best!

2. Dreams vs psychoses

Dreams are excellent remedy against psychosis. In one study, participants were not allowed to dream, although they were allowed to sleep at least 8 hours a day. Three days later, all participants in the experiment began to experience difficulty concentrating, irritability, hallucinations, and the first signs of psychosis. When the subjects were given the opportunity to dream, all signs of incipient psychosis disappeared, and the subjects themselves began to see more dreams, than usual.

3. What lies behind dreams?

We get the most mysterious, exciting and interesting experiences in life when we sleep and dream. When we fall asleep, our will loses control over thoughts, a very special type of thinking arises. It is thanks to him that we are able to observe fantastic images, distorted and unrelated plot scenes, where time flows differently than in real life. And it's wonderful!

4. We only remember 10% of our dreams.

You know that within the first five minutes after waking up, we have a real chance to "grab by the tail" about half of the plot of the dream, but after ten minutes, 90% of the content, alas, will be lost, and the meaning of the dream will crumble like a house of cards.

5. Not dreaming is impossible

Many claim that they never dream. But the complete absence of dreams is a manifestation of some severe mental illness. All normal people, plunging into a slumber, they see dreams, but most, upon awakening, immediately forget them. This is confirmed by encephalograms taken during sleep. In the entire history of only one patient in a military hospital in Israel, such an examination did not show the "presence" of dreams. That man had previously been shot in the head.

6. Dreams are seen even by the blind

It has been proven that people who have lost their sight during their lives see dreams on a par with sighted people. People who are blind from birth do not see images in the usual sense, but in the same way they experience various emotions in dreams: images in their subconscious are formed through smells, sounds and tactile sensations.

7. We only see real people in our dreams.

It is noteworthy that our subconscious is not able to independently and arbitrarily generate people's faces. And this means that we once saw absolutely all strangers in our dreams, but, perhaps, we did not remember. Over the course of our lives, under various circumstances, millions of faces pass by us, which means that our brain will never experience a shortage of new actors for the most unexpected roles in the scenarios of our dreams.

8. Not everyone can see colored dreams.

Unpleasant but true! About 12% of sighted people see only monochrome dreams. More precisely, it was so until the mid-sixties. Later, the proportion of people who dream exclusively in black and white fell to 4.4% of the total study sample. Interestingly, many sleep researchers suggest that the reason for this trend is the ubiquity of color television broadcasts.

© photo: Sputnik / Cheprunov

Transfer Screensaver " Good night, kids"

You've probably heard the joke about Sigmund Freud and his niece: "Sometimes a banana is just a banana." However, seriously, dreams cannot be interpreted straightforwardly and unambiguously, since any image in a dream can be a symbol of another object. Through a dream, our subconscious mind speaks to us in the language of metaphors and symbols. Some of them have a global unambiguous interpretation on all continents, others contain signs that are understandable only to us.

10. Subconscious games

Psychoanalysts have long drawn attention to the fact that dreams are a way of solving some problems. psychological problems. A person in unrealistic conditions "loses" critical situations and finds out of them the way out that suits him and does not injure the psyche. And, even if in real life he sometimes has to come to terms with a different decision, he gives vent to emotions in a dream. Perhaps that is why men in their dreams are much more aggressive than in life, and women are more sexual.

11. Amazing Fact

It is known that the natives of the island of Bali, when suddenly frightened, fall into sleep, as is characteristic of some insects.

12. Sad dreams

No matter how sad it may sound, the most common emotions experienced in a dream are longing, anxiety or despair, and, in general, negative emotions in dreams prevail over positive ones.

13. Number of dreams

Everyone knows the expression: "To see the seventh dream." It turns out that during the night we are really able to see from four to seven dreams. On average, dreams take up two hours per night.

14. Lucid dreaming

Most of the pictures in your dream are unique to one particular occasion. Scientists know this because some people have the ability to see their dreams as observers without waking up. This state of consciousness is called lucid dreaming, which is a big mystery.

As studies have shown on different groups animals, many of them experience similar patterns of neural activity during sleep. The mental impulses of highly developed animals during sleep practically do not differ from human ones, from which we can draw a confident conclusion - animals also dream. Moreover, many of them experience what they see no less emotionally than in reality.

© photo: Sputnik / Alexander Kryazhev

Sleep scientists distinguish two key phases of sleep - deep sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. REM phase is absolutely normal condition sleep, which accounts for 20 to 25% of all sleep time. It is in the phase of REM sleep that a person sees dreams. To exclude involuntary physical movements of the body, the subconscious mind literally paralyzes it during the REM sleep phase, but for unknown reasons this mechanism often fails.

17. Women and men dream differently.

As is known, representatives of the weak and strong half mankind see dreams in different ways. In two cases out of three, a man in a dream communicates, fights or establishes a relationship with a man. There is no such distortion in the dreams of women, and they see approximately the same number of women and men.

18. Smoker's dream

It is said that people who quit smoking have much more vivid dreams than smokers or those who have never smoked.

19. Dream - prediction

According to research results, from 18% to 38% of respondents at least once in their lives saw a prediction dream, and 70% of citizens experienced deja vu. Faith in possibility prophetic dream widespread almost everywhere - from 63 to 98% of respondents in different countries peace.

20. Woe from Wit

History says that some historical figures were able to sleep only 3-4 hours a day. Edison, Da Vinci, Franklin, Tesla, Churchill - they all slept much less than the recognized norm and felt quite healthy. However, scientists argue that such sleep disorders are the flip side of great talent or genius, which is not always good.

The first World Sleep Day was held on March 14, 2008 and has since been held annually, on Friday of the second full week of March, as part of the project World Organization Health (WHO) on sleep and health. Each year, the events within the day are dedicated to a specific theme. On World Sleep Day, public service announcements are activated, conferences and symposia are organized to raise awareness of the importance of sleep, sleep problems and the impact of sleep disorders on human health and society as a whole.

More recently mass research the nature of sleep was a rather difficult task. A person had to be persuaded or interested in participating in a scientific program, placed in a laboratory, using special equipment. Everything changed with the spread of popular fitness gadgets that can record various physiological indicators directly in the process. ordinary life person. Yes, their capabilities are not too great compared to scientific equipment, but how wide is the circle of experimental subjects!

Sleep duration

A person spends a third of his life sleeping. It turns out about 25 years - think about this figure! However, it’s not so easy to take and reduce sleep time. For a full existence, our body needs about 7-8 hours of night rest. If this figure is much less, then there is a rapid decline in mental and physical abilities. However, scientists have noticed that over the past century, due to rapid technological progress, the average sleep time has decreased from 9 to 7.5 hours. Who knows, perhaps this is not the limit.

Records

The longest period of time during which a healthy person was able to do without sleep was 11 days. The record was set in 1965 by a 17-year-old student high school from San Diego, California. Although history knows an even more impressive case when a Hungarian soldier received brain damage due to a head wound and did not sleep as a result of almost 40 years.

sleep and weight

dreams

Some people claim they never dream. However, this is not true: according to scientists, everyone sees dreams. However, we forget the vast majority of dreams. After five minutes of being awake, 50% of nightly adventures are no longer remembered, and if ten minutes have passed, then this figure approaches 90%. Hence the conclusion: if you want to fix your night's sleep, put a notepad with a pen or a voice recorder next to you to do it right away.

alarm clocks

The first mechanical alarm clock was invented by Levi Hutchins in 1787 in America. He knew how to wake up only at the same time - 4 o'clock in the morning. An alarm clock that can be set to any desired time did not appear until 60 years later thanks to the Frenchman Antoine Redier. But then it was crazy expensive devices, That's why simple people often used the services of special people who walked the streets and knocked on the window at a predetermined time.

Women and men

According to statistics compiled by Fitbit, women sleep about 20 minutes more than men. In terms of sleep quality, men sleep more restlessly and wake up more frequently. But women are 10% more likely to complain about sleep problems and mark the quality of their sleep as unsatisfactory. This can be explained by the fact that women see much richer and more emotional dreams, sometimes turning into nightmares.

Are you able to sleep? How many hours do you think a night's sleep should last?

A third, at best a quarter, of our lives we spend not in a figurative sense in a dream. Symbols in a dream often puzzle us, we remember them for a long time, trying to decipher the essence of the message that they wanted to convey to us.

On scientific basis this is the psychology of dreams. At the same time, you can also be a decoder of information that comes through dreams.

To understand your dreams means to understand the language of your unconscious. That which is hidden from our daily consciousness. And what we ourselves do not know about ourselves. In any case, an exploratory attitude towards your sleep and dreams can be the beginning of self-exploration of the unknown territory of us.

Dreams are the royal road to the unconscious.

Z. Freud

Dream analysis can be treated in different ways. This topic is as popular today as it is controversial. Someone believes that it is pointless to interpret dreams, believing that the most reliable way get rid of negative emotions after an unpleasant dream - this is to say the cherished words through an open window: "Where the night goes there and sleep." Someone waking up bad mood, begins to remember his dream and look for answers, analyzing the language of his dream. No matter how a person reacts to his dreams, he cannot ignore this topic. Because every morning we again and again find ourselves faced with the choice of what to do with the information that we remember from our dreams.

In order to answer the question of what the symbols mean in a dream and how to deal with your dreams, let's see how dreams are formed.

Our psyche can be conditionally divided into three spheres: conscious, unconscious and superconscious. For the first time, Z. Freud began to talk about the structure of the psyche (the work “I and It”). Later, such well-known psychologists as C. G. Jung, A. Adler, E. Fromm and many others studied this topic, developed and modernized it. Thanks to their research, the psychology of dreams received a serious scientific justification.

1. The conscious sphere is responsible for our perception of the world, the people around us and the events that happen to us.
2. The unconscious sphere is responsible for our desires and instincts that drive us, but which we are not always aware of.
3. The superconscious sphere is responsible for the moral principles that we live by, for the rules and principles that we follow.

About dreams: how they are formed

Our desires have the strongest influence on the formation of a dream.

In real life, we often suppress our desires because our moral principles do not allow us to do what we want. Desires that we have given up under the influence of the ban do not disappear without a trace, they are forced into the unconscious sphere and begin to disturb us in dreams.

So, dreams are formed at the level of the unconscious sphere, they contain emotions and instincts that have not yet passed the censorship of our rules and prohibitions. Therefore, sometimes the information that we understood from a dream can surprise and shock. It happens that after analyzing a dream, the thought arises: “What a horror, it can’t be that I wanted this.”

In addition to repressed desires, the formation of dreams is influenced by emotional significant events that happened to us the day before.

It is worth being attentive to the symbols in a dream. For example, a client dreamed that she came to a chic secular party. The women were all dressed in long cocktail dresses and the men in tuxedos. At this event, she had an important task - to recruit a man. This dream was formed under the influence of strong emotions that the client received the previous evening. She was at her cousin's birthday party. She enjoyed the holiday very much. The entourage of this party was taken as the basis for the formation of her dream. So sometimes in a dream you can see the external situation in which we were the day before.

Often the formation of a dream and the appearance of certain symbols in a dream are influenced by our real problems and situations that we could not solve harmoniously. Such dreams also contain information that gives clues to solving the problem.

As an example, I will give a client’s dream: he ran with his colleague in a race, before the finish line he stumbled and fell, and his colleague crossed the line and won the competition. This dream tells us that in real life the client had a competitive situation in which he lost. And now, by analyzing the dream, we can find the causes and solutions to this situation. During the discussion, it turned out that the client was applying for a promotion, but in the end, his colleague was promoted. He had negative emotions towards his colleague, which he did not admit to himself. However, he noticed that their relationship began to crack. Subconsciously, the client blamed his colleague for his failure, and, therefore, did not analyze what mistakes he made and what skills he lacked to get the desired position.

So, the key factors that influence the formation of a dream are our feelings and desires, emotionally rich events of the past day and problematic situations that we could not harmoniously resolve.

Symbols in a dream are an important component of our dreams.

A person's dream consists of symbols that are emotionally significant for him. Here is an example of a client who experienced strong emotions in an elevator many years ago, after which the elevator became a powerful symbol in her dreams. When in her life happened difficult situations, she dreamed of different elevators, elevator signs, interactions with people in elevators, descents, ascents, and other events associated with elevators. So her unconscious realm tried to convey information through a meaningful symbol for her.

The interpretation of symbols is purely individual. For example, for one person, a snake symbolizes sexual desire, and for another - insidious competitors.

Also often in our dreams there are symbols from childhood. We may not realize or remember what emotional meaning they had for us then. For example, a woman periodically dreamed of artificial red flowers, analyzing her dreams for three months, we saw a pattern in the fact that this symbol appears in her dreams after quarrels and conflicts. During the course of therapy, she remembered that as a child she was often present when her parents quarreled. Usually quarrels took place in the living room. There were red artificial roses on the table in the living room, and she stared at them, trying to distract herself from her parents' screams.

After analyzing this information, she came to the conclusion that red artificial flowers symbolize scandals and violence for her.

Realizing how our dreams are formed, it becomes clear what information about ourselves we can get in the course of analysis.

Our emotions and desires are grotesquely manifested in dreams, even if we ignore and repress them in real life. Also, when interpreting, negative emotions are noticeable that accompany repressed desires. These are emotions of irritation and aggression, a person can stay in them almost constantly, over a long period of life, and over time this emotional condition becomes familiar to him. Sometimes, when analyzing recurring dreams, we become aware of our long-standing desires, after which our emotional state changes significantly for the better.

Psychological traumas from childhood that continue to influence our lives, we can analyze through the symbols and storylines of dreams. For example, in dreams, nightmares reflect the fears of a person, which are most often formed in childhood. Sometimes in a dream we see ourselves in the environment that surrounded us in childhood, in the yard or in the house in which we lived, such plots often reflect unpleasant emotionally significant situations that we could not resolve, and perhaps even realize then.

Exploring our dreams, we have the opportunity to know ourselves more deeply, find answers to exciting questions, understand the causes of problems that worry us in real life. Also, dreams are excellent helpers in working with depressive states. Fear, inability to experience joy, aggression, apathy - we can understand the reasons for these and many other states by analyzing our dreams. Learning the language of our unconscious, we improve our emotional and mental well-being in real life.

Most of us know that if we don't get enough sleep, the next morning we will have red and tired eyes or swollen circles under them. If lack of sleep lasts for several nights, then the consequences of this can affect not only the face, but the whole body as a whole. Therefore, sleep is not just necessary, but also a vital thing for our body.

Why is sleep needed?

Sleep is very important for all living beings. It is known that sleep is the third most important element for a person, after water and food. There are two nervous systems in our body: sympathetic and parasympathetic. The sympathetic is responsible for rhythmic activity, energy and cheerfulness, and the parasympathetic, in turn, is responsible for relaxation, calmness and inhibition. At different times and in different ways, one of them plays a leading role, which causes the corresponding processes. At the time when we sleep, our brain begins to put things in order in every possible way: it erases the unnecessary cache (extra information), archives the necessary data, and as long as we do not interfere with it, it sets up all the systems of the body.

Our sleep is controlled by the biological clock, its center is located in the hypothalamus, it is he who makes the body prepare for sleep. For example, after 8 pm, body temperature automatically drops, and nervous system calms down. Every living being has a biological clock. They help animals to know the time of migration and wintering, and also control sleep.

How much sleep do you need?

Conventionally, each person has his own individual characteristics, it is good to know them in order not to go against your nature, if possible, you need to substitute the schedule of your activity for what is inherent in you - this is more harmonious. Some people get enough 6 hours of sleep, and they feel great at the same time, while others do not have enough and 9 hours. Some people like to wake up early, while others, on the contrary, go to bed late. For some, the activity phase prevails in the first half of the day, while for others in the second, or even in the dark. “Night wakefulness is especially characteristic creative people!» Therefore, it is so important to know your own characteristics and always listen to the body. Generally speaking, the human body receives the optimal benefit after 7 hours of sleep. Fewer hours spent in bed can actually have a negative effect on general state the body as a whole, but an excess of sleep can indicate a problem with hormones. Daytime sleep is also important, as it is very useful for the body, restoring strength and energy. The optimal interval will be considered to be from 20 to 30 minutes of daytime sleep.

The harm and benefits of sleep

During sleep, our body produces hormones that contribute to the restoration of muscle tissue, your muscles recover faster (receive compensation), and subsequently supercompensate. Also, sleep is responsible for the balance of hormones such as leptin and ghrelin, which in turn are responsible for feelings such as hunger. Sleep is important for the brain, as it cools down during rest, its temperature drops during some phases of sleep.

Due to lack of sleep, logical perception may not be as accurate and orientation in space may be disturbed, vascular headaches and disturbance of physiological processes may also occur. From a lack of sleep, the reaction is disturbed, the level of attention and concentration decreases, and a depressive state may also occur. One of the most frustrating is that due to lack of sleep, blood sugar levels can increase dramatically, which can cause Hyperglycemia.