23.10.2019

How animals protect themselves from enemies presentation. How animals protect themselves from enemies, presentation for a lesson on the world around us (2nd grade) on the topic. Dwarf sperm whale: muddy water

Animal world our planet is huge. And every animal, in order to survive and gain a foothold in this world, is forced to adapt to the conditions in which it lives. Otherwise, he will certainly become prey to those stronger and stronger.

Coloring, shape of the body, legs, wings, mouths, beaks are universal means of helping to obtain food or hide from enemies. But there are other, important means of defense and attack, which are not characteristic of everyone, but are inherent only a certain type or, sometimes, semi-animals.

The short quills of a hedgehog, the strong shell of a turtle, and the long quills of a porcupine protect their owners from other animals.

For many animals, horns and hooves serve as reliable weapons of defense and attack, especially elk and deer. An old male elk can sometimes withstand a fight with a pack of wolves, inflicting fatal blows on them with his horns and sharp hooves.

pay attention to appearance lion He has a gorgeous, thick mane. What is it for? It turns out that fights often occur among male lions, and thick fur saves them from strong bites a relative in the neck. Females do not have such hair.

There is such a simple animal as a ferret. Yes, it is not as simple as it seems. If a ferret is scared or angry, it secretes a special liquid from the paired glands located under its tail: when it evaporates, the liquid emits an extremely unpleasant odor. This repels a possible attacker. The ferret himself leaves unharmed.

Animal protection means also include the ability of some of them to change the color of their skin to match the color of their surroundings. These are, for example, chameleon lizards, flounder, octopuses, and tree frogs.

Warning and imitative coloring, threatening poses, just like normal protective coloration, arose for a reason - they were developed in the process of evolution.

Animal protection products come in both harmless and dangerous property. Venom glands serve as an important means of defense and attack. The poison produced in them helps their owners kill prey and repel the attack of enemies.

Selection of material: Iris Review

The air is transparent. What cannot be attributed to nature. Bubbles. Smell the air in the glass. Cover the colored strip with your palm. Properties of air. What do I know? Living things need air to breathe. Air fills all the voids around. Transparent invisible. Properties of air and water. Observation. A mixture of different gases. Why is the air polluted? Wave your palms near your face. Air. Be careful. Which gas is the most important in the air?

“Questions with answers about nature” - Make up a word. Forest pharmacy. Snow. Mushrooms. Which flower has male and female name simultaneously. Warm up. Know and love native nature. Peat moss. Toad. Thick eyelashes. Lizard. I believe - I don't believe. Owl. Valerian. Roots. Pluto. Gorgeous. Whose complaint? Which predatory animals have no claw marks on their tracks? Pink seagull. Interesting fact. Birch. Plantain. Partridge. Friends of man. Bat. Where you won't find a dry stone.

“Animals in the City” - On the porch of an old house. Monument to a homeless dog. Lost dogs and cats. Let's tell our friends and adults about this. Discarded animals. Exceptions. Thin little hands. The child ran home. A piece of food. Solve the problem of homeless animals. The child backs away stubbornly. Homeless animals. The sky smiled. Favorites. Animals born on the street. Animals in the city.

“Snow” - Properties of snow. The snow is loose and cold. Snow is not like ice. Why is it snowing? Target. I collected snow in a glass and put it in the classroom. There is more snow in open spaces than in closed spaces. Research objectives. Offers. Survey results. What is snow? 9 cm of snow fell in 4 days. Study of snow purity. Who needs snow and why. What is frost? Properties. Plants under the snow. Evaporation of water in cold weather.

“Herbaceous plants” - Snake knotweed (serpentine). Daisy. Zelenchuk yellow. Siberian hogweed. A tenacious creeping creature. Cobwebby burdock. Creeping buttercup. Lungwort obscure. Herbaceous plants forests. Crow's eye four-leaf. Stone berry. Blue wrestler. Stinging nettle. Angelica forest. European hoofweed.

“Wild ancestors of domestic animals” - Insects. Creative works students. Wild animals. People hunted wild animals. How are fish different from other animals? Some of the ancient people thought of feeding wolves. Groups. Animals. Protection design work. Amphibians. Project sections. What signs of animals do you know? Reptiles. Let's imagine that there are no domestic animals on planet Earth. A man tamed a cow. Basic criteria for evaluating work.

Meeting with natural enemy usually ends in the death of the animal, therefore, in the process of evolution, only individuals with in effective ways protection. How do animals protect themselves from enemies? protective devices they acquired in the struggle for survival?

Animals defend themselves in different ways. Some quickly run away, others skillfully hide or disguise themselves, and others defend themselves. It all depends on the size of the animal, its lifestyle and the protective organs that Mother Nature has endowed it with. Below are the most interesting methods of protection.

How animals defend themselves when running away from enemies

The hare, running away, reaches speeds of up to 70 km/h, but this is not a record. Saigas, gazelles and antelopes are able to flee from danger at a speed of 80 km/h. Moreover, some animals are capable of making ultra-long jumps while running: for example, a roe deer is up to six meters long, and an impala antelope is up to 11 meters long and up to 3 meters high.

How animals protect themselves by hiding from enemies

A hole is the most reliable shelter of an animal, but some animals, such as a fox or a beaver, “guessed” that it was better if there were two exits from it, distant from each other. And the beaver’s entrance and exit to its “hut” are completely underwater.

The same applies to such seemingly open shelters as bird's nests. This is how the Cayenne swift builds a tube-shaped nest. One hole in such a nest is a wide and noticeable, but dead-end “entrance” for “strangers,” and the second is a small and inconspicuous entrance for the swift itself.

How animals protect themselves by camouflage

The real masters of camouflage are insects. So even the sharp eyes of birds cannot distinguish a praying mantis sitting on a bush or tree from a twig or leaf. Some insects even imitate the vibration of plants from the wind with their body movements.

The coloring of the surface of the body of many animals coincides with the primary colors of their usual habitat; it is, as they say, protective. It is for the purpose of camouflage that the seasonal molt some animals living in the northern hemisphere, such as hares.

How animals protect themselves by defending themselves

Animals defend themselves with whatever they can: with teeth, claws (wolves, cats, bears), horns, hooves (elk, deer), quills (hedgehogs, porcupines) and even tails (sea cat). But especially interesting are animals that use chemicals produced by their bodies to protect themselves.

An ordinary ladybug, when attacked or frightened, releases many droplets of an unpleasant-smelling bright yellow liquid called quinenone. Birds do not like the smell of quinenone; they mistake it for poison and, ladybug, they immediately release her.

When in danger, southern bombardier beetles secrete a liquid that instantly evaporates in air with a slight “explosion,” forming a cloud. The beetle is capable of performing this “trick” several times in a row, and a series of such unexpected “explosions” very often scares away enemies.

Some types of cobras (Indian spitting, African black-necked and collared) defend themselves by “spitting” venom into the eyes of the enemy as a sniper. Moreover, the black-necked cobra can perform this operation up to twenty times in a row.

How does a skunk protect itself from enemies?

The legendary animal that defends itself using chemical secretions is the North American skunk. In defense, he turns his back to the attacker, raises his tail and pours very unpleasant-smelling secretions of the anal glands on the enemy.

These secretions literally repel the aggressor with their smell and, once on any surface, retain their smell for a very long time. North American motorists have been unable to wash their cars for several months after they were hit by a chemical skunk attack.

Some animals defend themselves from enemies by taking on a threatening appearance, leaving parts of their body in the paws of the attacker, or even pretending to be dead. There are many methods of protection, and their effectiveness can be evidenced by the fact that the representative of the fauna using them has not yet disappeared from the lists of the animal world of our planet.

Ecology

They say that the best remedy defense - attack, although some prefer to flee in case of danger, covering their tracks. However, some animals have adapted to defend themselves in completely different, more original ways. Find out what methods of protection some living creatures on our planet have.

1) Possum: best defense is coma

Virginia opossum ( Didelphis virginianus), which lives over a fairly large area from Canada to Costa Rica, usually reacts in times of danger as many mammals do: it hisses, growls and shows its teeth. If you touch it, it can bite painfully. However, if this does not help, and the situation becomes increasingly dangerous, this animal plays dead, it falls to the ground, drools, and then stops moving, leaving its mouth open. The animal also begins to exude a horrid odor from its anal glands, similar to that of a corpse.

Many predators prefer to eat fresh meat, so when they see an already dead, and even smelly, animal, they quickly lose interest and leave it alone. But the most interesting thing about this method of protection is that the animal does it unconsciously, it is just a reaction to a severe stressful situation, the opossum falls into a comatose state, which can last for several hours. The Possum only returns to consciousness after the enemy has disappeared. How his mind knows when to return remains a mystery.

2) Potto: secret sharp weapon

Found in the jungles of Africa, pottos look like cute little bear cubs but are classified as primates. They drive night look life and feed on tree sap, fruits and insects. Due to their slow movements, pottos are very vulnerable to danger from predators, which is why they invented unusual way protection.

The potto has elongated vertebral spines on its neck. These appendages have sharp ends and animals use them as weapons, because predators that grab onto the throat of these primates can choke.

3) Pangolin: better to curl up in a ball

Pangolins are very strange mammals, whose bodies are almost completely covered with large scales, so the animal resembles a giant living pine cone. They primarily feed on pine cones and are found in Africa and Asia. Although they have large and powerful claws on their front feet, pangolins rarely use them as weapons. Instead, in case of danger, the animals curl up into a ball, and so tightly that it is almost impossible to turn them around. The sharp edges of their scales allow them to defend themselves from most predators. They can also strike with their powerful and heavy tail, which can seriously injure with its sharp scales.

And that is not all. Sumatran pangolins can curl up into balls and then roll down slopes at high speed to hide from their enemies. And the last defense of pangolins is the disgusting odor that the animals secrete through their anus. Needless to say, this animal has very few enemies?

4) Armadillo: turning into a perfect ball

As their name suggests, these animals have special kind armor, which helps them protect their delicate body, as does the shell of turtles, but in most armadillos the shell does not help protect against large predators. These animals prefer to burrow into the ground to hide from the enemy. The South American three-banded armadillo is the only species of these creatures that can curl up into a perfect ball. This is possible thanks to special structure armor, allowing the animal to move freely, and the tail and head ideally block the “structure”. This allows animals to become invulnerable.

With such abilities, the three-banded armadillo does not need to be able to dig well and quickly burrow into the ground; it often “borrows” other people’s holes and does not bother digging its own.

5) Crested porcupine: life-saving quills

Native to Africa and southern Europe (mostly Italy), the crested porcupine is one of the largest rodents on the planet, as well as one of the creatures with better protection. Its needles with white and black stripes are visible to predators from a great distance. It is actually modified hair covered with layers of hard keratin. The quills are longer in the front part of the body; the porcupine can raise its mane in case of danger, thus scaring away the enemy. However, the most dangerous needles are the shorter ones located on the back. When an animal is threatened by a predator, the porcupine begins to shake its tail with quills, which make a rattling sound because they are hollow. If this does not help, the porcupine tries to stab with its quills on its back.

Porcupine quills break fairly easily once they enter an enemy's body. The tiny burrs push them deeper into the enemy's body, so predators can die from wounds, infection, or because the quills damage blood vessels or internal organs. IN North America Porcupines also live, but they are usually much smaller than their African relatives and spend most of their time in trees. Interestingly, porcupines have very powerful natural antibiotics in their blood. They often fall from trees while searching for food and can be injured by their own quills. If they did not have such protection, most porcupines would die from self-inflicted wounds during such falls, but nature took everything into account!

6) Dwarf sperm whale: muddy water

Unlike his more famous relative - giant sperm whale which can reach 20 meters in length, the rarer dwarf sperm whale is only 1.2 meters long. This makes it especially vulnerable to its enemies - sharks and killer whales. To protect itself, this sperm whale uses an unusual method: it secretes a stream of reddish, syrup-like liquid from its anus, and then uses its tail to stir it into the water, resulting in a dark, large cloud. This allows the sperm whale to gain time and, while the predator tries to see at least something in the “fog,” the animal quickly disappears into the depths of the ocean, swimming away to a safe distance.

Among mammals, this method of defense is not very common. Usually, mollusks resort to it - squid and octopus, which, ironically, are the main delicacy for this sperm whale.

7) Sonya: it’s better to lose your tail than your head

These small edible rodents are found in Europe, and some species can also be found in Africa and Asia. Dormouses usually flee from their enemies, but they have another trick in their arsenal, which they use in extreme cases. The skin on the dormouse's tail dangles freely, and if a predator grabs the rodent by the tail, the skin easily separates, allowing the mouse to escape. This is a type of autotomy, when an animal loses a part of its body for protection. Autotomy is often observed among reptiles, for example, lizards shed their tail, or among invertebrates, but it is very a rare event among mammals.

Unlike other animals, dormice can only use a trick once. Exposed bones without skin usually fall off or are chewed off by the dormouse itself, because the skin cannot be restored and a new tail, like in lizards, does not grow. Some species of dormouse have fluffy tails that act as bait, attracting the attention of a predator and distracting it from the head of the animal.

8) Skunk: chemical attack

Everyone is familiar with skunks and their original method of defense, their chemical weapon unusually powerful. The skunk's protective fluids are produced by a pair of glands located in the anus area. Although many carnivores also have such glands, especially representatives of the mustelid family; the glands of skunks are more developed, and they have powerful muscles that allow them to spray a smelly liquid over a distance of up to 3 meters.

Skunks also prefer to spray it directly into the enemy’s face, and this liquid is so poisonous that it can deprive the poor creature of his sight, including a person’s, so it is better not to touch skunks out of harm’s way. Because of their unique abilities, skunks have made very few enemies; the most dangerous for them is considered to be the great eagle owl, which has no sense of smell and can attack a skunk unexpectedly from above. Before the poor skunk knows it, he ends up dead.

The method of protection with the help of a stinking liquid is a last resort, since the skunk has a limited supply of this liquid, and the glands take about 10 days to recover.

9) Platypus: poisonous spurs

The strange creature, the platypus, once thought to be a myth, and the only mammal today that lays eggs, also has unique means protection. The male platypus has a sharp, retractable spine on each hind leg that contains venom glands. If the platypus is caught by an enemy or a curious ignorant person, it stabs with its spines, injecting enough poison to escape. Although platypus venom can kill animals as large as dogs, it is not fatal to humans. However, this is not a pleasant feeling. Those stung claimed that it was so strong pain that they had not experienced anything like this, and the effect of the poison could last for several days. The pain may lead to fainting.

Interestingly, only male platypuses have poisonous spines; females cannot harm other creatures, with the exception of small invertebrates that they feed on. This suggests that the poisonous spines were originally an intraspecific weapon used by males against each other during the breeding season to ward off rivals.

10) Slender loris: poisonous fur

This nocturnal animal lives in tropical forests South-East Asia. Loris has a body length of an average of 35 centimeters and feeds on various small animals that it manages to catch, and can also drink tree sap. Due to their small size and slowness, lorises are very vulnerable to the enemy, so they have developed original way protection. The slender loris has venom glands on its elbows, making it a venomous primate. Moreover, the animal licks the poison that these glands produce and spreads it throughout its fur. Female slender lorises apply their poison to the body of their young before they go hunting and leave them alone.

As the animals lick up the venom, their bite also becomes poisonous, making it especially painful and causing swelling. Some people have died from anaphylactic shock after being bitten slender loris, although the poison itself is not fatal to humans and large animals.

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