What is the sound of the word maneuver. Sound, letter E. Analysis of syllables, words, phrases with sound and letter e. Development of spatial orientation

Learn to speak correctly" Speech errors» Mistakes in pronunciation: stressed vowels E and Yo

STROCKS E and Ё

One-tribe one-tribe and one-tribe foreigner

An excerpt from the book by L. Demidenko "Speech errors"

A certain difficulty is the distinction between stressed [e] and [o] (in writing - e) after soft consonants: sky and palate, everything and everything, etc.

In many native Russian words, unstressed [e] under stress corresponds to [o]:
Wife - wives, village - villages, I'm taking - I'm taking.

In many cases, with the help of sounds [e] and [o], words or word forms are distinguished: piece of iron - piece of iron, expired year and bled, sky and palate, everything and everything, case (noun) and case (cattle), announced ( shouts as catechumen) and catechumen (decree), etc.

… According to " Orthoepic Dictionary» variant is the pronunciation

White and white;
Faded and faded;
Bile and bile;
Maneuver and maneuver;
pronominal and pronominal;
Crossed and crossed;
Trellised and Trellised…

Pronunciation midwife p and hopeless characterized as modern normative; obstetrician and hopeless - as acceptable, but outdated.

Only E should be pronounced in words:

Midwife;
Athlete;
scam;
Unmercenary;
Bluff;
being (being)
You cry;
Universe;
Head;
Black ice;
Wandered;
to bear
afflicted
Zagrebetnik
Zev
Foreign
foreigner
Fishing line (genus case plural - wood)
Incomparable
Imperishable
Simultaneous
Cousin
mistletoe
guardianship
Settled
Faded
Pompous
Despicable
Multi-temporal
This
Crypt
Humble (adjective - humble appearance, but the sacrament is humble. For example, humble pride)
Bent, bent
Perfect (adjective - perfect beauty), but perfect (communion, for example, a feat accomplished by the people)
Srebrenik
Departed
Ridge
Helmet

Only Yo should be pronounced in words

ice
braided
braided
Charged (charged is allowed)
numb
inhibited
sparkling
Crossbill (but crossbill)
Juniper (though juniper)
Worthless
Newborn
single tribe
Slaver
Okolesnaya
saddled
saddle
tip
Denominative
Transferred
Cross
crossroads
overbaked
overridden
resettled
gleam
background
swollen
settled
Brought
brought
brought
brought
Tribal
Bitty
Scabrous
tearful

As can be seen from the examples, the pronunciation norms for E and Yo in modern Russian literary language very contradictory.

This is reflected in the works of Russian classical and Soviet literature. When reading poetic texts one cannot replace an outdated pronunciation with a modern one or replace the version used by the author with another, even more normative one.

So, in A. S. Pushkin's poem "Anchar" the words rhyme red-hot And Universe, so the modern pronunciation red-hot when reading this poem is unacceptable.

In the desert stunted and stingy,
On the ground, the heat of the red-hot,
Anchar, like a formidable sentry,
It stands alone in the entire universe ...

Tips, secrets, tricks

Record an excerpt from the book on a voice recorder or MP3 player and listen to it in any free minute. So you will quickly memorize all the words and will not make mistakes.

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Attention! The slide preview is for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

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Goals:

• Introduce children to the sound and letter E.
• To teach the correlation of sound with a letter and symbol, to introduce the norm of articulation of sound E.
• Development of phonemic perception, sound analysis and synthesis.
• Enrich the vocabulary of words with the sound E.
• To form the skills of sound analysis and synthesis of syllables, reading syllables.
• Raising love and respect for loved ones.

Equipment: Mirror for each child, pictures: ESKIMO, SCREEN, KARATE, POET, card (pasted into each student's notebook) (Appendix 2), insert cards for sound-letter analysis for each child with colored circles, “Magic bag” with plastic letters.

Lesson progress

1. Organizational moment.

Speech therapist: Hello guys. Where are you now, what occupation? (To the speech therapist). Why go to a speech therapist? (To pronounce sounds correctly, speak correctly.) Where do you come to school from? (From home). Who lives in your house? (Mom, dad, etc.) Who is waiting for you at home from school? (Family.) Tell me about your families.

2. Acquaintance with the topic of the lesson through sound analysis . (Presentation 1)

1. Introduction to the topic. (Slide 1).

- Today in the lesson we will learn to speak correctly, clearly and beautifully. Today we will go to visit one interesting family. And why is it interesting you tell me yourself. (Slide 2).
- Look and tell me, what is the name of your mother? (Emma.) Dad? (Eric.) Brother? (Edik.) sister? (Elya.)
Who noticed something interesting? (There is a dog - Elf). Let's read this name in chorus interesting family. (Epikov family). What sound do we hear at the beginning of each name? ([E])
- That's right, today we are learning to pronounce the sound E correctly and designate it in writing with the letter E. And the Epikov family will help us with this.

3. Articulation of sound e.

1. Acquaintance with the norm of articulation. (Mirrors.)

Correct articulation of the sound [e] - consider the profile. (Slide 3).

Speech therapist: Let's take a look at our profile and you tell me what you see.

What's going on with the lips? (Lips stretched into a smile.)

- Where is the language? (The tongue is slightly forward, it is raised.)

Speech therapist: The tongue is slightly advanced and raised. The tip of the tongue is at the lower teeth, the back of the tongue is raised. The exhaled air does not encounter any barriers in the mouth. A jet of air passes freely through the nasal or oral cavity. The vocal cords are tense and shifted, they work, the throat trembles (there is a voice). We try to pronounce the sound e with children.

- Is there a barrier to pronouncing the sound? Does the throat tremble? (Yes.)

- So what is the sound of E? (He sings, stretches). We try to sing, stretch.

If the sounds are sung and stretched we call them..? (vowels.)

1st child reads a poem:

Air flows freely through the mouth
There are no different barriers
The voice is involved, the voice is calling,
The sound is called vowel.

- How will we designate the sound E, what color? (Red because it's a vowel.)

(Slide 4).

2. Logarithmics. Show sound E.

Speech therapist: Let's get up, show the sound e.

(Slide 5).

(I.P. - Hands in front, raised at the level of the diaphragm. Fingers are rounded, elbows are not straightened to the end. Movement - when pronouncing (E), the hands are spread apart, slightly rise up, the fingertips fall on the shoulders, the elbows go down a little. The chin rises at first, and at the end it falls. (E) is pronounced with an increase in the beginning, and then in the attenuation range.
Dynamics - insignificant at the beginning muscle tension, then into tension, then - complete relaxation.)

The speech therapist shows the movements and asks the children to repeat the exercises, doing the exercises with the children 5-6 times.

4. Acquaintance with the letter e.

Speech therapist: We hear and pronounce sounds, and in writing we designate them with letters that we see and write. Let's look at the letter e.

1. Examining the stylized letter E. (Slide 6).

Speech therapist:

- The letter E with a huge mouth
And huge language.
Hey - gay! - the screamer screams.
The tongue is sticking out of the mouth!

- Look and tell what elements the letter E consists of?

(Right semi-oval and stick in the middle.) (Slide 7).

The semicircle looks to the right,
In the middle of the tongue, my friend.

- Select the elements that are necessary for the letter E. (Slide 8).

1-2 children go to the board, explain what elements are needed and why.

Speech therapist: We made the sound e, now let's show the letter e with our fingers. (Slide 9).

- Let's build the letter e from the fingers.

right hand let's go left.
3 fingers directly direct skillfully:
Index with big
Let's unite in a semicircle.
Let's look at the build
The letter E is our creation.

2. The game "Find the letter E".

- Let's see who among us is the most attentive and finds the letter e in different alphabets. One by one, the students come to the blackboard and show the letter.

(4 different images of the alphabet.) (Slide 10, 11, 12, 13).

3. We write the letter E. (Slide 14).

(The speech therapist explains how the letter E is spelled.)

Pupils in notebooks prescribe the capital and lowercase letter e.

4. The game "Magic bag" (with letters).

Speech therapist: Guys I have for you interesting game- "Magic bag".

In this bag are the letters that we have studied, put your hand into the bag, do not look, feel for the letter and say:

-It's a letter...

Come with a bag to each child.

5. Phonetic charging.(Slide 15).

Speech therapist: In our friendly family Everyone loves to have fun and sing. - Since the e- vowel is sung and dragged on for a long time, let's try to sing it together with our family members.

- Each family member sings his own song, help mom, dad and children sing in turn, but be careful, do not get confused - find and sing your own sound, depending on who owns these items. (For example, the 1st student comes out, he sings with his mother Emma - E - M)
- What did you sing? (Syllables.) (Slide 16).

Then each child names a direct and reverse syllable. Once again, we read the syllables in chorus.

• EM ME
• EN NE
• EC CE
• ES SE

6. Physical education.

- In our Epikov family, all children love not only to sing, but also to play sports. The boy Edik offers us to depict something, and what it is, you tell me later.

- Edik loves physical education,
He will show us a figure.
Left foot forward
And then her back
And then forward again
And we'll stay for a while.
Right leg, look
Take you aside
Put on the heel, up the toe
And pull her friend.
I bend my right hand, I hold it across.
Well, on the left, friends up, higher,
As I.
Our palm is like a flag
Wave to me buddy.
This is a button and a lace -
Electric bell.
We'll call left, right,
Here is such a fun.

Speech therapist: What did Edik want to show us? (letter E.)

7. Fixing.

1. The place of sound in a word.

Distribute 1 picture to each student, the children name the objects shown in the pictures. The student who received the picture makes a sound-letter analysis in the form of a diagram in a notebook. Orally we divide into syllables, determine the place of the sound in the word: at the beginning, in the middle, at the end, then we check each scheme individually.

(ESKIMO, SCREEN, KARATE, POET).

2. Work in a notebook - the task "Find the letter e in words."

Speech therapist: You have the following task: help little Edik find all the letters E, circle e in a circle with a red pencil. Color your favorite picture.

8. Finger gymnastics.

Speech therapist: We have worked hard and are tired, we will help our fingers to rest.

"Family".

This is where the family met.
I'm glad to see you.
We have invited everyone to visit.
Everyone was taught to say hello.
Nod in greeting
Maybe finger number 5.
Nameless may be lower.
Medium - not offended by force,
This one knows everything.
And the kids love this one!

(Alternately bend the fingers on two hands towards each other, starting with the little finger and ending with the thumbs).

9. Fixing.

1. Development of speech.

Speech therapist: A girl from our family - Elya Epikova loves riddles, she prepared one for you too. We listen carefully, try to guess.

It is found in the mountains
With you, with me, communicates,
Do not argue in conversation -
What you say, then repeats. (Echo.)

We draw up a scheme of the word on the cards - inserts, orally do a sound analysis of the word. ( Annex 1)

We are working on the grammatical structure of speech. Each child makes up phrases and sentences.

What is an echo like? (Loud, quiet, funny, etc.)
- Make up your own proposal about the echo. (Edik and I listened to the echo. I heard a loud echo in the forest. Etc.)

2. Development of phonetic perception.

In the Epikov family, everyone leads an active and correct lifestyle, the Epikovs love to travel, today they went to the mountains. But there was such a situation.

(Slide 17).

The speech therapist reads a poem:

- ERIK AND EDIK ARE LEFT BACK,
EDELWEISS THEY WERE LOOKING FOR.
ELYA - CALL, IN ANSWER - ONLY
ECHO,
ELE IS NOT LAUGHTERING.

- What happened in the forest? Who got lost? What is edelweiss? Who doesn't find it funny? Why? Who can help?
– In a family, it is important to live together, to help in trouble, to obey the elders.

Name in this poem all the words that begin with the sound E. How many such words? (Erik, Edik, Elya, edelweiss, echo - 5 words).

10. Development of spatial orientation

Game "What has changed?" (Presentation 2.) (4 slides, 4th - check.)

– Tell us what has changed? (Remember the names of the members of the Epikov family and tell me who is on the left, right, in the middle, etc.)

11. The result of the lesson.(Slide 18).

What letter did you meet? (Uh) What did they do in class? (They learned to speak correctly and beautifully, pronounced the sound E.)

Who helped us? (Epikov family.)

Literature:

1. Kozhevnikova D.V., Kozhevnikov P.V. Home speech therapist. Practical guide. - St. Petersburg: Science and Technology, 2009.
2. Mazanova E.V. Correction of acoustic dysgraphia. Summaries of classes for speech therapists. Publishing house: GNOM i D., 2008.
3. Mukhina A.Ya. Speech-motor rhythm. - M., AST: Astrel; Vladimir: VKT: 2009.
4. Pozhilenko E.A. Magic world sounds (a manual for speech therapists) - Humanit. Publishing house VLADOS, - M., 1999.

In Russian, the sound [e] (graphically - e) in a position between a soft consonant or hissing and a hard consonant under stress usually alternates with the sound [o] (graphically ё or o - in some forms after hissing).

Sestra - sisters, but on - wife, to cope with the task of th - to go with a candle th.

This process is very consistent.

White, zhernov, vedo rko, zhe forehead, wool.

However, no such alternation is observed in the whole group of words.

1. Usually there is no alternation in words of Old Slavic origin. Wed parallel Old Slavonic and native Russian forms:

being - being, lion's eye in - to pose.

Old Slavonicism can be recognized by its characteristic features:

A) By a combination of consonants -zhd-, -sh- in place of Russian -zh-, -ch-.

Hope a - hopeless, clothes a - colloquially clothes a.

b) By combinations -ra-, -la-, -re-, -le- in place of the Russians -oro-, -olo-, -elo-, -ere-.

Bolo goe - blessed.

V) According to the characteristic finals: Old Slavonic -ie and primordially Russian -ye.

Life is life.

G) According to the characteristic initial vowels of the word:

Old Slavonic initial e- corresponds to Russian o-;

Ye ding - oh din.

Old Slavonic initial a- - Russian i-;

A s - I .

Old Slavonic initial u- - Russian u-.

Yuliya - Uliana.

e) By characteristic prefixes:

Old Slavonic prefixes pre-, pre-correspond to Russian prefixes re-, before-;

Cross cut - cross cut.

the Old Slavonic prefix nis- / nis- corresponds to the Russian s-;

Nis walk - with walk.

Old Slavonic prefix iz- / is- - Russian prefix vy- in the meaning of movement outward;

Flow - you flow.

Old Slavonic prefix voz- / vos- - Russian vz- / sun-;

Sun move - sun moves.

Old Slavonic prefix co- - Russian prefix s-.

So bor - with bor.

As noted, in Old Slavonicisms there is usually no transition [e] to [o] (graphically e - to e or o).

One tribe, expired, successor, rival, bent.

At the same time, the pronunciation [o] is now actively spreading to a number of Old Slavonicisms, primarily to verbal adjectives and sacraments.

So, in "Eugene Onegin" A.S. Pushkin forms intoxicated, kneeling pronounced (in accordance with the orthoepic norms of that time) with the sound [e] under stress: Napoleon waited in vain, Intoxicated with last happiness, Moscow kneeling With the keys of the old Kremlin.

Now these Old Slavonic forms, like many others, are pronounced with the sound [o] (graphically - e):

Captured, emaciated, emaciated, kneeling, aware and etc.

Sometimes the pronunciation of a word depends on its meaning.

Wed: bled to death - expired, announced results - screams as if announced, case of cattle - nominative case; a crime committed is a perfect creation.

2. As a rule, there is no alternation in place of the etymological "". The presence of this sound in the past can be identified by comparing Russian and Ukrainian forms (in Russian - e, in Ukrainian - i: bread b - xli b).

White, cut, cutthroat, trace, body.

But there are exceptions to this group of words.

Wed: stars, stellar, but: stellar.

3. There is no alternation in most loanwords.

Pharmacy, scam (!), bluff, kenar, mannered.

note

It should be borne in mind that, firstly, at the present time the transition [e] to [o] is beginning to actively capture and foreign words(cf.: manyo vr- main option mane vr- admissible; maneuverable And maneuverable- equal options), and secondly, the pronunciation of the vowel under stress largely depends on the source of borrowing. So, in Russian, the pronunciation [o] is preserved in the name of the Polish priest - kse ndz..

There are especially many fluctuations in the pronunciation of words on -er.

Wed: grenadier, dromedary, engineer, interior make-up artist, kioskeur, retoucher.

Options starter And starter, combine operator And combine operator are equal.

In some cases, the meaning of the word must also be taken into account.

4. There is no alternation in the position of the vowel e between two soft consonants.

Wed: sleet d - sleet, polygamy - polygamy, bigamy - bigamous.

note

There may be fluctuations in the pronunciation of some words: merry(admissible - all rural), near the sitz And near the sit(But: carry around).

Topic 2. Norms oral speech

The norms of oral speech include the norms of sound and intonation design of statements. These norms are manifested only in oral form and are not expressed in writing in any way. Thus, the norms of oral speech ensure the correctness and speed of perception of oral speech. The norms of oral speech characterize only the features of the oral form of the language and often turn out to be opposed to the norms of written speech.

The norms of oral speech are divided into orthoepic, accentological and intonational norms.

Subtopic 2.1. Orthoepic norms

Orthoepy(Greek ὀρθοέπεια from other Greek ορθος - "correct" and έπος - "speech, word") - a set of norms of the literary language associated with the sound design of language units. One of the largest researchers of the pronunciation norms of the Russian language R.I. Avanesov defines orthoepy as a set of oral speech rules that ensure the unity of its sound design in accordance with the norms national language, historically developed and entrenched in the literary language. She explores the patterns of literary pronunciation.

Key features Russian literary pronunciation developed in the first half of the 18th century on the basis of spoken language city ​​of Moscow. First orthoepic norms were described by M.V. Lomonosov.

In a narrow sense, orthoepy regulates the pronunciation of vowels and consonants, as well as their combinations.

Dictionaries that reflect the rules of literary pronunciation are called orthoepic.

Exercises

Exercise 1. What sound ([e] or [o]) is pronounced under stress in the words below? Check the pronunciation according to the "Orthoepic Dictionary of the Russian Language" (M., 1989).

Gutter, millstone, perch, bile, bile, helmet, wool, loan, amoeba, athlete, obstetrician ( cf. trainee, conductor), sequins, spineless, log, mockery, fishing line, maneuver, maneuverable, bigamist, youth, lye, planted, surfing, polygamy, newborn, settled, perplexed, outdated, worthless, chauffeur, combine operator, guardianship, at the same time, convicted, payment, brought, expired ( blood), expired ( term), overexposure, junkman, estimate, harder, point, case ( in grammar), case ( livestock), beetroot, clipped, whitish, open, short-haired, trained, crossbill, maple, glued, cartege, included, cherry, overloaded, priority, icy, perfect ( Human), perfect ( deed), head.

Exercise 2. Using the orthoepic dictionary, determine whether the soft or hard consonant is pronounced in position before E in these words. In which words are both possible?

Intervision, deanery, sandwich, strategy, code, beret, unpresentable, international, interpretation, interior, resident, asteroid, resolution, term, motto, anesthesia, tank, rhesus, resonator, summarize, raid, disinfection, rating, requiem, aggression, meringue, atheist, business, museum, bestseller, series, beefsteak, brunet, hypothesis, debate, interview, debut, devaluation, decade, demarche, ephemeral, depositor, deficit, bill, interval, competent, computer, specific, index, correct, coefficient, compartment, Lutheran, manager, adequate, neologism, press, resume, sweater, sideboard, text, telefax, plywood, charter, overcoat, barter, energy, jurisprudence, modern, degenerate, outsider, phoneme, model, progress, faculty, demon, creed, square, decadence, degradation, flight, genesis, scenery, trend, bacon, academician, demagoguery, terror, dispensary, thesis, integration, pool, church, latent.

In Russian, the sound [e] (graphically - e ) in a position between a soft consonant or hissing and a hard consonant under stress, usually alternates with the sound [o] (graphically yo or O - in some forms after hissing): sister - sisters, wife - wives, cope with the task - go with choy.

However, no such alternation is observed in the whole group of words.

1. Usually there is no alternation in words of Old Slavonic origin. Wed parallel Old Church Slavonic and native Russian forms: being - being, snapdragon - yawning.

Old Slavonicism can be recognized by its characteristic features:

a) by a combination of consonants - zhd-, -sh- in place of the Russians -zh-, -h- :hope - hopeless, clothes- colloquially clothing.

b) by combinations - ra-, -la-, -re-, -le - in place of the Russians - oro-, -olo-, -elo-, -ere -:bologoe - blissful.

c) according to the characteristic finals: Old Slavonic - ie and native Russian yo :living - living.

At the same time, the pronunciation [o] is now actively spreading to a number of Old Slavonicisms, primarily to verbal adjectives and participles.

So, in "Eugene Onegin" A.S. Pushkin forms intoxicated, kneeling are pronounced (in accordance with the orthoepic norms of that time) with the sound [e] under stress: “Napoleon waited in vain, Intoxicated with last happiness, Moscow kneeling With the keys of the old Kremlin.”

Now these Old Slavonic forms, like many others, are pronounced with the sound [o] (graphically - ё): imprinted, emaciated, emaciated, kneeling, aware and etc.

Sometimes the pronunciation of a word depends on its meaning: bled out - expired, announced results - screams like an announced, death of cattle - nominative case; perfect crime - perfect creation.

2. There is no alternation in most loanwords: pharmacy, scam, bluff, mannered.

It should be borne in mind that, firstly, at present, the transition [e] to [o] is beginning to actively capture foreign words as well (cf .: maneuver - the main option, maneuver - acceptable; maneuverable and maneuverable - equal options), and secondly, the pronunciation of the stressed vowel largely depends on the source of the borrowing. There are especially many fluctuations in the pronunciation of words on - ep . Wed: grenadier, dromedary, engineer, interior - make-up artist, kioskeur, retoucher. Options starter And starter,combine operator And combine operator are equal.

3. No alternation in vowel position e between two soft consonants: ice - ice, polygamy - polygamy, bigamy - bigamy.

Russian accent

Russian verbal stress is characterized as quantitative-dynamic, or quantitative-strength: a stressed syllable, unlike an unstressed one, is characterized by a greater tension of articulation, and at the same time, a stressed vowel is longer than unstressed ones.

Stress can be connected (fixed) and free (non-fixed). In Russian, the stress is different, free, i.e. can fall on any syllable of the word: on the first ( book, tree), On the second ( country, water), to the third ( waterfall, scooter), etc., while, for example, in French it is assigned to the last syllable, in Polish - to the penultimate syllable.

Diversity of Russian word stress allows: 1) to distinguish homograph words: castle - castle, flour - flour, organ - organ, atlas - atlas; 2) to distinguish between forms of the same word: fields(Genitive singular) – fields(nominative plural); pour(imperfect species) - pour(perfect view); 3) to distinguish between the functional-stylistic and emotional-expressive coloring of words: one stress in the word is literary, the second is non-literary ( calls - calls; to solicit - to solicit) or can be used in professional speech ( booty - booty, compass - compass), in folk-poetic style ( silk - silk, far - far).

Sometimes stress variations are allowed within the literary norm ( genesis - genesis, cooking - cooking, simultaneously - simultaneously, cottage cheese - cottage cheese).

Russian word stress is also characterized by mobility. This means that when forming different grammatical forms for the same word, the stress can move from one syllable to another ( field - fields, village - villages, window - windows).

In Russian, most of the words have a fixed stress, which remains on the same syllable in all forms of the word ( map, map, map, map, map, about map; wore, wore, wore, wore; walked, walked, walked, walked).